1962 Buin Zahra earthquake

Earthquake in Iran December 2024 1962 Buin Zahra earthquake 1962-09-01 19:20:41 17292570 iscgem17292570 1962 09 01 22:50:41 IRST Iran 7.1 l y 10 km onMostafazadeh Mokhtari 2003 2 35.63 N 49.87 E inline,title Ipak Fault IX Iran at least 12,225 dead, 2,776 injured 1962 Buin Zahra earthquake intensity.jpg USGS ShakeMap The 1962 Buin Zahra earthquake (Persian: زمین‌لرزه ۱۳۴۱ بویین‌زهرا) occurred on September 1 in the area of Buin Zahra, Qazvin province, Iran. The shock had a Richter magnitude of 7.1 and resulted in 12,225 fatalities.https://earthquake.usgs.gov/regional/world/historical_country.php#iran Historic Worldwide Earthquakes United States Geological Survey January 29, 2009 February 21, 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090221152302/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/regional/world/historical_country.php February 21, 2009 dead Qazvin Province lies in an area of Iran that experiences large earthquakes. The 1962 event originated on one of many faults in the area, called the Ipak Fault. The fault is believed to have been reactivated multiple times. Geology Iran is a seismically active zone, lying between the converging Eurasian and Arabian plates. Because it has both strike-slip and reverse faults, earthquakes often proceed so that if one fault is overwhelmed by movement, the movement will branch off to another fault, creating a separate earthquake.Berberian, Manuel, and Yeats, Robert S, pp. 120–139.November 2010 Buin Zahra County lies within a zone of active thrust faults, complemented by folds, that extends south from the Alborz mountains.Walker R. T. Bergman E Jackson J Ghorashi M Talebain M. The 2002 June 22 Changureh (Avaj) earthquake in Qazvin province, northwest Iran: epicentral relocation, source parameters, surface deformation and geomorphology Geophysical Journal International 160 2 707–720 2005 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2005.02516.x 2005GeoJI.160..707W free Despite the presence of faults, Qazvin province does not regularly experience earthquakes. However, the space between earthquakes allows pressure to build up on faults, increasing the power – and magnitude – of the earthquakes.http://archives.cnn.com/2002/WORLD/meast/06/24/iran.anger/index.html Help too late, say quake survivors CNN June 24, 2002 March 20, 2010 April 24, 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090424081235/http://archives.cnn.com/2002/WORLD/meast/06/24/iran.anger/index.html dead Specifically, the 1962 event originated on the Ipak Fault of northern Iran, along which it and aftershocks cut roughly 64 mi km of west-northwest trending surface faulting.Ambraseys 1963 705–740 A feature that extends for 64 mi km 0 with its connected, smaller faults, the fault runs from the village of Ipak to Takhrijin. Iranian geologist Manuel Berberian's research indicates that the Ipak Fault is at least as old as the Carboniferous period, and has probably been reactivated several times since its formation. On the fault's south side, Carboniferous material is visible; this debris is not evident on the north side, which suggests that the fault was acting as a "dividing fault" while the area around it underwent sedimentation. Berberian could find no trace of Upper Guadalopian or Julfian sediments north of the fault. Another possible reason for this anomaly could be erosion; uplift could have exposed the northern portion of the fault but not the south.Berberian 1976 420 Damage and casualties upright=1.35|thumb|left|"Actie Herbouw Perzisch Dorp Dousadj"("action rebuilding of the Persian village Dousadj") organized by the Dutch people 12,225 fatalities resulted from the earthquake. An additional 2,776 people were injured, along with 21,310 houses either destroyed or too damaged to repair. 35 percent of domestic livestock was also killed, and several landslides and rock falls followed the rupture.Ambraseys 1963 705–740 21,000 houses were destroyed, mainly because they were made up of mud and brick. Over 7,500 were buried in 31 individual villages, followed by reports from 60 additional villages. In these villages, however, 26,618 survived. One hospital in Tehran was "packed" with over 2,500 victims.https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=GXsKAAAAIBAJ&pg=5388,2541535&dq=1962+iran+earthquake Quake Victims Exceed Fears September 6, 1962 Ellensburg Daily Record February 22, 2009June 2023 InternetArchiveBot yes Slight damage was experienced in Tehran, the nation's capital. Cities as far away as Tabriz, Esfahan and Yazd reported the tremor. Sandblows also formed along the rupture zone. The earthquake was also declared the largest rupture in the region since approximately 1630. Multiple reports came from the Rudak area of earthquake lights.https://earthquake.usgs.gov/regional/world/world_deaths.php Earthquakes with 1,000 or More Deaths since 1900 United States Geological Survey January 29, 2009 February 22, 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090515045925/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/regional/world/world_deaths.php May 15, 2009 dead Relief efforts thumb|Gholamreza Takhti and students organized relief efforts. Rescue operators suggested that an aerial and on-land search should be initiated to help victims. Officials expressed worries that people had gone for over a week with no aid.https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FA0915F93A5E147B93CBA91782D85F468685F9 Wide Search Is Pressed in Iran For Additional Quake Victims; Rescuers Fear Some in Remote Villages Have Suffered a Week With No Aid --Relief Operations Stepped Up U.S. Copters Join Search Families Won't Separate The New York Times September 9, 1962 Jay Walz February 22, 2009 Iranian wrestling star Gholamreza Takhti gathered blankets, money, and food for victims and transported them by trucks.http://www.artdaily.org/index.asp?int_sec=2&int_new=29106 British Museum Opens New Exhibition, Takhti: A Modern Iranian Hero ArtDaily 2007 February 21, 2009 Because government response was slow, students at the University of Tehran took matters into their own hands. After gathering supplies, the students organized an effort to dispatch medical students and interns to the site of the disaster. Their teams were however blocked by Iranian National Guard members who had been commanded to kill any civilians who tried to help victims; writer Marcello di Cintio cites in Poets and Pahlevans: A Journey into the Heart of Iran that the "Shah was not about to let a crowd of students draw attention to his inept relief efforts".di Cintio, Marcello Poets and Pahlevans: A Journey into the Heart of Iran Random House Digital, Inc. 2007 272 Future threats Since roughly 90 percent of Iran lies within seismically active land, the threat from earthquakes is high. In 2002, an earthquake in Buin Zahra killed more than 250 people and left roughly 25,000 without homes.http://mceer.buffalo.edu/research/Reconnaissance/Iran6-22-02/ Preliminary Earthquake Reconnaissance Report on the June 22, 2002 Changureh (Avaj), Iran Earthquake February 19, 2010 July 19, 2002 International Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology https://web.archive.org/web/20100325123100/http://mceer.buffalo.edu/research/Reconnaissance/Iran6-22-02/ March 25, 2010 dead In addition to its geological threat, Iran has poor earthquake engineering. In a 2004 report by ScienceDaily, it was listed as "the worst offender" globally for poor earthquake engineering.https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2004/12/041219182609.htm Contractor Ignorance Kills Earthquake Victims in Sesmic (sic) Zones, Says U. Of Colorado Professor ScienceDaily ScienceDaily LLC December 28, 2004 October 11, 2009 Professor Roger Bilham of the University of Colorado at Boulder, a geophysicist who specializes in earthquake-related deformation and hazards, blames construction practices for the fact that since the start of the 20th century, 1 in 3,000 Iranians has died in an earthquake-related incident. Bilham adds, "Most of Iran needs rebuilding. If the population of Iran had a choice between spending oil revenues on munitions or houses that won't kill them, I suspect they would choose a safe home. It's all a matter of earthquake education." A Common Country Assessment by The United Nations for Iran has similar results, stating that, "While adequate building regulations exist for large cities, it is generally believed that they are not rigorously adhered to... most of those who have suffered in recent major earthquakes have lived in small towns and villages. Earthquake-proof construction is very rare in those areas and adequate building regulations are not yet in place".United Nations Common Country Assessment for the Islamic Republic of Iran http://www.un.org.ir/documents/CCA_document.pdf United Nations November 23, 2009 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20110719183545/http://www.un.org.ir/documents/CCA_document.pdf July 19, 2011 Gallery 170 170 center File:Photos-of-an-Old-Earthquake-in-Iran 4.jpg File:Photos-of-an-Old-Earthquake-in-Iran 1.jpg File:Photos-of-an-Old-Earthquake-in-Iran 5.jpg File:Photos-of-an-Old-Earthquake-in-Iran 2.jpg File:Photos-of-an-Old-Earthquake-in-Iran 3.jpg See also List of earthquakes in 1962 List of earthquakes in Iran Bibliography N. N. Ambraseys http://bssa.geoscienceworld.org/cgi/content/abstract/53/4/705 The Buyin-Zara (Iran) earthquake of September, 1962 a field report Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America July 1, 1963 53 4 705 10.1785/BSSA0530040705 1963BuSSA..53..705A https://web.archive.org/web/20110724152206/http://bssa.geoscienceworld.org/cgi/content/abstract/53/4/705 July 24, 2011 live subscription Berberian Manuel Manuel Berberian https://www.researchgate.net/publication/288908349 The 1962 Earthquake and Earlier Deformations Abong (sic) the Ipak Earthquake Fault Geological Survey of Iran 39 419–427 1976 March 21, 2010 http://www.iiees.ac.ir/english/images/stories/PDF/JSEE/V5N3_Fall03_2.pdf Journal of Seismology and Earthquake Engineering Source Time Function of Caspian Basin and Surrounding Area Earthquakes Mehrdad Mostafazadeh Mohammad Mokhtari International Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology (IIEES) 2003 5 3 June 23, 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110928221802/http://www.iiees.ac.ir/english/images/stories/PDF/JSEE/V5N3_Fall03_2.pdf September 28, 2011 dead References Earthquakes and Coseismic Surface Faulting on the Iranian Plateau https://books.google.com/books?id=_ur1AgAAQBAJ M. Berberian Manuel Berberian 2014 Developments in Earth Surface Processes 1st Elsevier 978-0444632920 603 External links 17292570 Bouin-zahra Earthquake, 1962 Category:1962 disasters in Asia Category:1962 in Iran Category:20th-century disasters in Iran Category:September 1962 in Asia 1962 Bou'in-Zahra Category:History of Qazvin province