1987 Italian general election

none Italy parliamentary 1983 Italian general election 1983 Legislature IX of Italy 1992 Italian general election 1992 Legislature X of Italy All 630 seats in the Chamber of Deputies316 seats needed for a majorityAll 315 elective seats in the Senate163 seats needed for a majoritytaking into account the Senators for life, who accounted for 9 seats at the time the election took place 14–15 June 1987 45,692,417 (C Chamber of Deputies)38,951,485 (S Senate) 40,586,573 (C Chamber of Deputies)88.8% (0.8 pp) 34,421,230 (S Senate)88.4% (0.4 pp) Ciriaco De Mita (X).jpg 120 120 160 Ciriaco De Mita Christian Democracy (Italy) Benevento (C Chamber of Deputies) 5 May 1982 234 (C Chamber of Deputies) / 125 (S Senate) 9 (C Chamber of Deputies) / 5 (S Senate) 13,241,188 (C Chamber of Deputies) 10,897,036 (S Senate) 34.3% (C Chamber of Deputies) 33.6% (S Senate) 1.4 pp (C Chamber of Deputies) 1.2 pp (S Senate) Alessandro Natta 1987.jpg 120 120 160 Alessandro Natta Italian Communist Party Genoa (C Chamber of Deputies) 26 June 1984 177 (C Chamber of Deputies) / 101 (S Senate) 21 (C Chamber of Deputies) / 6 (S Senate) 10,254,591 (C Chamber of Deputies) 9,181,579 (S Senate) 26.6% (C Chamber of Deputies) 28.3% (S Senate) 3.3 pp (C Chamber of Deputies) 2.5 pp (S Senate) 160x160px Bettino Craxi 15 July 1976 Italian Socialist Party Milan (C Chamber of Deputies) 94 (C Chamber of Deputies) / 36 (S Senate) 21 (C Chamber of Deputies) / 2 (S Senate) 5,505,690 (C Chamber of Deputies) 3,535,457 (S Senate) 14.3% (C Chamber of Deputies) 10.9% (S Senate) 2.9 pp (C Chamber of Deputies) 0.5 pp (S Senate) Giorgio Almirante MEP (1) (cropped).jpg 120 120 160 Giorgio Almirante 29 June 1969Almirante also served as secretary from 1948 to 1950. Italian Social Movement Rome (C Chamber of Deputies) 35 (C Chamber of Deputies) / 16 (S Senate) 7 (C Chamber of Deputies) / 2 (S Senate) 2,281,126 (C Chamber of Deputies) 2,121,026 (S Senate) 5.9% (C Chamber of Deputies)6.5% (S Senate) 0.9 pp (C Chamber of Deputies)0.8 pp (S Senate) Giovanni Spadolini 2.jpg 120 120 160 Giovanni Spadolini 23 September 1979 Italian Republican Party Milan (S Senate) 21 (C Chamber of Deputies) / 8 (S Senate) 8 (C Chamber of Deputies) / 2 (S Senate) 1,428,663 (C Chamber of Deputies)1,248,641 (S Senate) 3.7% (C Chamber of Deputies) 3.9% (S Senate) 1.4 pp (C Chamber of Deputies)0.8 pp (S Senate) Franco Nicolazzi 1983.jpg 120 120 160 Franco Nicolazzi 6 October 1985 Italian Democratic Socialist Party Rome (C Chamber of Deputies) 17 (C Chamber of Deputies) / 5 (S Senate) 6 (C Chamber of Deputies) / 3 (S Senate) 1,140,209 (C Chamber of Deputies) 764,370 (S Senate) 3.0% (C Chamber of Deputies) 2.4% (S Senate) 1.1 pp (C Chamber of Deputies)1.5 pp (S Senate) 400px Results of the election in the Chamber and Senate. 400px Seat distribution for the Chamber of Deputies (left) and Senate (right). Prime Minister Amintore Fanfani DC Prime Minister after the election Giovanni Goria DC General elections were held in Italy on 14–15 June 1987.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) Elections in Europe: A data handbook, p1048 978-3-8329-5609-7Hine David 1987-12-01 The Italian general election of 1987 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0261379487900370 Electoral Studies 6 3 267–270 10.1016/0261-3794(87)90037-0 0261-3794 subscription This election was the first Italian election in which the distance between the Christian Democrats and the Communists grew significantly instead of decreasing. Two parties that had not previously been in parliament won representation: the Greens with thirteen seats, and the Northern League with two. Electoral system The pure party-list proportional representation had traditionally become the electoral system for the Chamber of Deputies. Italian provinces were united in 32 constituencies, each electing a group of candidates. At the constituency level, seats were divided between open lists using the largest remainder method with Imperiali quota. Remaining votes and seats were transferred at the national level, where they was divided using the Hare quota, and automatically distributed to best losers into the local lists. For the Senate, 237 single-seat constituencies were established, even if the assembly had risen to 315 members. The candidates needed a landslide victory of two thirds of votes to be elected, a goal which could be reached only by the German minorities in South Tirol. All remained votes and seats were grouped in party lists and regional constituencies, where a D'Hondt method was used: inside the lists, candidates with the best percentages were elected. Historical background In the 1980s, for the first time since 1945, two governments were led by non-Christian Democrat Premiers: the republican Giovanni Spadolini and the socialist Bettino Craxi; the Christian Democracy remained however the main force supporting the government. With the end of the Years of Lead, the Italian Communist Party gradually increased their votes under the leadership of Enrico Berlinguer. The Socialist party (PSI), led by Craxi, became more and more critical of the communists and of the Soviet Union; Craxi himself pushed in favour of US president Ronald Reagan's positioning of Pershing II missiles in Italy, a move the communists hotly contested. In June 1984 Berlinguer, the charismatic Communist leader, suddenly left the stage during a speech at a public meeting in Padua: he had suffered a brain haemorrhage, and died three days later. More than a million citizens attended his funeral, one of the biggest in Italy's history. Alessandro Natta was appointed as new party's secretary. The public emotion caused by Berlinguer's death resulted in an extraordinary strength for the Communist Party in the 1984 European election: for the first time in Western Europe since the French election of 1956, and for the first time ever in Italian history, a Communist party received a plurality by a democratic vote. In 1984, the Craxi government revised the 1927 Lateran Pacts with the Vatican, which concluded the role of Catholicism as Italy's state religion. During this period, Italy became the fifth-largest industrial nation and gained entry into the G7. Parties and leaders Party Ideology LeaderSeats in 1983C Chamber of DeputiesS Senate of the RepublicTotal Christian Democracy (DC) Christian democracy Ciriaco De Mita 225 120 345 Italian Communist Party (PCI) Eurocommunism Alessandro Natta 198 107 305 Italian Socialist Party (PSI) Social democracy Bettino Craxi 73 38 111 Italian Social Movement (MSI) Neo-fascism Giorgio Almirante 42 18 60 Italian Republican Party (PRI) Liberalism Giovanni Spadolini 29 11 40 Italian Democratic Socialist Party (PSDI) Social democracy Franco Nicolazzi 23 8 31 Italian Liberal Party (PLI) Liberalism Renato Altissimo 16 6 22 Radical Party (PR) Radicalism Marco Pannella 11 1 12 Proletarian Democracy (DP) Trotskyism Mario Capanna 7 0 7 Federation of Green Lists (FLV) Green politics Gianni Francesco MattioliNew Results Chamber of Deputies File:Italian Chamber of Deputies 1987.svg Christian Democracy 13233620 234 +9 Italian Communist Party 10250644 177 −21 Italian Socialist Party 5501696 94 +21 Italian Social Movement 2281126 35 −7 Italian Republican Party 1428663 21 −8 Italian Democratic Socialist Party 1140209 17 −6 Radical Party 987720 13 +2 Federation of Green Lists 969218 13 New Italian Liberal Party 809946 11 −5 Proletarian Democracy 641901 8 +1 Liga Veneta–United Pensioners 298402 0 0 South Tyrolean People's Party 202022 3 0 Lega Lombarda 186255 1 New Sardinian Action Party 169978 2 +1 Piedmontese Autonomist Movement 72064 0 New Piedmontese Union 61701 0 New Hunting – Fishing – Environment 55911 0 New Aosta Valley 41707 1 0 DC–PCI–PSI–PSDI 29937 0 New Popular Alliance 25339 0 New Fiscal Liberation Movement 25046 0 New Pensioners' Alliance 21342 0 New Italian Green Party–Greens of Europe 20916 0 New Veneto Autonomous Region Movement 18945 0 New Italian National Movement of Hunters 14787 0 New PNI–Hunting and Fishing 14306 0 New Friuli Movement 13208 0 0 South Tyrol Party 11287 0 0 Italian Greens–Ecological Party 10269 0 New Independentist Party 9958 0 New Humanist Alliance 5585 0 New New People's Party 5055 0 New Justice and Freedom 4793 0 0 Sicilian Renaissance 2951 0 New National Party of Tenants 2898 0 0 Movement for the Independence of Trieste 2103 0 0 2015065 0 45692417 Ministry of the InteriorPopular vote #ddd 550px 500px DC Christian Democracy (Italy) 34.31 PCI Italian Communist Party 26.58 PSI Italian Socialist Party 14.26 MSI Italian Social Movement 5.91 PRI Italian Republican Party 3.70 PSDI Italian Democratic Socialist Party 2.96 PR Radical Party (Italy) 2.56 FLV Federation of the Greens 2.51 PLI Italian Liberal Party 2.10 DP Proletarian Democracy 1.66 Others Other 3.44 Seats #ddd 550px 500px DC Christian Democracy (Italy) 37.14 PCI Italian Communist Party 28.10 PSI Italian Socialist Party 14.92 MSI Italian Social Movement 5.56 PRI Italian Republican Party 3.33 PSDI Italian Democratic Socialist Party 2.70 PR Radical Party (Italy) 2.06 FLV Federation of the Greens 2.06 PLI Italian Liberal Party 1.75 DP Proletarian Democracy 1.27 Others Other 1.11 Results by constituency ConstituencyTotalseatsSeats wonDCPCIPSIMSIPRIPSDIPRFLVPLIDPOthersTurin3491052212111Cuneo14632111Genoa2167311111Milan48141392212212Como2074411111Brescia2110431111Mantua7331Trentino10311113Verona3014541111111Venice1674311Udine1353311Bologna2661231211Parma2069311Florence14482Pisa145621Siena9351Ancona1666211Perugia124521Rome54191474222211L'Aquila1574211Campobasso431Naples4217106312111Benevento19943111Bari2510642111Lecce20853211Potenza7421Catanzaro22964111Catania28116431111Palermo271154211111Cagliari18752112Aosta Valley11Trieste3111Total6302341779435211713131187 Senate of the Republic File:Italian Senate in 1987.svg Christian Democracy 10897036 125 +5 Italian Communist Party 9181579 101 −6 Italian Socialist Party 3535457 36 −2 Italian Social Movement 2121026 16 −2 Italian Republican Party 1248641 8 −2 PSI–PSDI–PR 962215 9 0 Italian Democratic Socialist Party 764370 5 −3 Italian Liberal Party 700330 3 –3 Federation of Green Lists 634182 1 New Radical Party 572461 3 +2 Proletarian Democracy 493667 1 +1 Liga Veneta–United Pensioners 298552 0 −1 South Tyrolean People's Party 171539 2 −1 Lega Lombarda 137276 1 New Sardinian Action Party 124266 1 0 Lay-Socialist Alliance (PSI–PSDI–PRI–PLI–PR)Contested in Sardinia. Paolo Fogu of the PSI was elected. 84883 1 New Piedmontese Autonomist Movement 60742 0 New PSI–PSDI–PR–Greens 58501 1 0 Pensioners Popular Alliance 51790 0 New Pensioners' Party (Italy) Piedmontese Union 51340 0 New Molisean Democratic Alliance 49297 0 New gold Hunting – Fishing – Environment 41135 0 New Aosta Valley 35830 1 0 DC–PCI–PSI–PSDI–PLI 25426 0 New Italian Green Party–Greens of Europe 22006 0 New Italian Greens–Ecological Party 19127 0 New Friuli Movement 17528 0 0 Fiscal Liberation Movement 13915 0 New Independentist Party 11818 0 New South Tyrol Party 8551 0 New Sicilian Renaissance 5258 0 New Sardinian Action Party–Alliance for Federalism 4812 0 New National Party of Tenants 4103 0 New Italian National Movement of Hunters 2695 0 New New People's Party 2507 0 New 2007369 0 38951485 Ministry of the Interior Popular vote #ddd 550px 500px DC Christian Democracy (Italy) 33.62 PCI Italian Communist Party 28.33 PSI Italian Socialist Party 10.91 MSI Italian Social Movement 6.54 PRI Italian Republican Party 3.85 PSI–PSDI–PR Pentapartito 2.97 PSDI Italian Democratic Socialist Party 2.36 PLI Italian Liberal Party 2.16 FLV Federation of the Greens 1.96 PR Radical Party (Italy) 1.77 DP Proletarian Democracy 1.52 Others Other 3.62 Seats #ddd 550px 500px DC Christian Democracy (Italy) 39.68 PCI Italian Communist Party 32.06 PSI Italian Socialist Party 11.43 MSI Italian Social Movement 5.08 PSI–PSDI–PR Pentapartito 2.86 PRI Italian Republican Party 2.54 PSDI Italian Democratic Socialist Party 1.59 PLI Italian Liberal Party 0.95 PR Radical Party (Italy) 0.95 FLV Federation of the Greens 0.32 DP Proletarian Democracy 0.32 Others Other 2.22 Results by constituency ConstituencyTotalseatsSeats wonDCPCIPSIMSIPSI–PSDI–PRPRIPSDIPLIPRFLVDPOthersPiedmont2488311111Aosta Valley11Lombardy481812822111111Trentino-Alto Adige7313Veneto2313541Friuli-Venezia Giulia7322Liguria10442Emilia-Romagna2161131Tuscany1961012Umbria7241Marche8341Lazio271094211Abruzzo7421Molise22Campania301384311Apulia21863211Basilicata7421Calabria114412Sicily2610643111Sardinia9432Total315125101361698533117 References 1987 General election Category:June 1987 in Europe