1872 Brazilian census

1872 census of the population of Brazil First census of Brazil 1 August 1872 1890 1890 Brazilian census Brasileiros do seculo XIX.png 19th century Brazilians Empire of Brazil 9,930,478 province Minas Gerais (2,039,735) Amazonas (57,610) The 1872 Brazilian census was the first census carried out in Brazilian territory, during the imperial period.Censo de 1872 é disponibilizado ao público http://www.brasil.gov.br/governo/2013/01/censo-de-1872-e-disponibilizado-ao-publico dead https://web.archive.org/web/20160122133129/http://www.brasil.gov.br/governo/2013/01/censo-de-1872-e-disponibilizado-ao-publico/ 22 January 2016 15 October 2022 Portal Brasil All residents in private and collective households (called "fogos") who were in it on the reference date of the census, which was 1 August 1872, were censused. The population was distributed according to color, sex, free or slave status, marital status, nationality, occupation and religion.Rodarte Mario Marcos Sampaio Paiva Clotilde Andrade Godoy Marcelo Magalhães 2012 Publicação Crítica do Recenseamento Geral do Império do Brasil de 1872 http://www.nphed.cedeplar.ufmg.br/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/Relatorio_preliminar_1872_site_nphed.pdf Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais 15 October 2022 14 March 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220314124250/http://www.nphed.cedeplar.ufmg.br/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/Relatorio_preliminar_1872_site_nphed.pdf dead General Directorate of Statistics During the imperial period, the Brazilian government felt the need to obtain statistical data to better understand the country. Because of this, in 1871, by Decree No. 4,676, in compliance with Law No. 1,829, the General Directorate of Statistics (Diretoria Geral de Estatística, DGE) was created to organize national statistical activities and carry out, in the following year, the first census made in Brazil. With the establishment of the Republic, the new government reorganized the DGE and expanded its activities, implementing the civil registry of births, marriages and deaths. From 1890 onwards, carried out by the then General Directorate of Statistics, censuses took place every ten years, with the exception of 1910 and 1930, in which the political situation in Brazil prevented them from being carried out. The DGE was dissolved in 1931, and only in 1936 would an equivalent body be created, the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE).Dilma Cabral 2020 Diretoria-Geral de Estatística (1889-1930) http://mapa.an.gov.br/index.php/dicionario-primeira-republica/896-diretoria-geral-de-estatistica#:~:text=Criada%20pelo%20decreto%20n.,a%20chamada%20Lei%20do%20Censo. 15 October 2022 Mapa Population profile thumb|250px|The largest race in various parts of Brazil in 1872. Blue = Whites, Green = Brown/Multiracial, Red = Blacks, Brown = Mixed White and Native American. thumb|250px|The percentage of slaves out of the total population by Brazilian municipality in 1872. The Neutral Municipality and the provinces of the Empire of Brazil in 1872|thumb|250px The final results revealed that Brazil had 9,930,478 inhabitants, 5,123,869 men and 4,806,609 women. Men represented 51.6% and women 48.4% of the total population. Regarding the number of inhabitants, the results did not include 181,583 inhabitants, estimated for 32 parishes, in which the census was not carried out on the given date. According to the census, 38.3% were pardo, 38.1% white and 19.7% black. The indigenous population, named in the census as "caboclos", made up 3.9% of the total. After the 1872 census indigenous people remained for 101 years without appearing as a separate category in the population surveys, only returning in 1991. In the case of the indigenous, some due to the tone of skin, may have been classified as pardo, in addition, the vast majority of native peoples did not answer the census; several villages were not counted because it was difficult to reach them. Countless indigenous peoples lived in isolated tribes, preserving their primitive lifestyle.Verona Ana Paula Dias Júnior Claudio Santiago 2018 Os indígenas nos Censos Demográficos brasileiros pré-1991 https://rebep.emnuvens.com.br/revista/article/view/1243/pdf Revista Brasileira de Estudos de População pt 35 3 10.20947/s0102-3098a0058 0102-3098 free In 1872 slaves represented 15.2% of the Brazilian population, of which 31% were counted as pardos. Some municipalities had more slaves than free people, as in Santa Maria Madalena, São João da Barra, Valença, Piraí and Vassouras, in Rio de Janeiro; Bananal, in São Paulo; Santa Cruz, in Bahia; and São Luiz Gonzaga, in Maranhão.Publicação aborda evolução da divisão territorial brasileira de 1872 a 2010 https://agenciadenoticias.ibge.gov.br/agencia-sala-de-imprensa/2013-agencia-de-noticias/releases/14147-asi-publicacao-aborda-evolucao-da-divisao-territorial-brasileira-de-1872-a-2010 Agência IBGE notícias 15 October 2022 pt Foreigners made up 3.8% of Brazil's population.http://memoria.ebc.com.br/agenciabrasil/noticia/2013-01-14/unico-incluir-populacao-escrava-censo-de-1872-e-disponibilizado-ao-publico Único a incluir população escrava, Censo de 1872 é disponibilizado ao público 2013 15 October 2022 Mariana Tokarnia Agência Brasil pt Of the total number of immigrants, 36% were slaves. “Africans”, slaves, free or freed, were the majority of foreigners (46%); followed by Portuguese (33%), Germans (10.5%), Italians (2.1%) and French (1.8%). Despite being included in the census simply as "Africans", most of them came from different ethnic groups from at least eight major regions of the African continent, such as Senegambia, the Gulf of Benin, West Central Africa and the Gulf of Biafra, and others.Mariani Daniel Roncolato Murilo Almeida Rodolfo Tonglet Ariel 2017 Censo de 1872: o retrato do Brasil da escravidão https://www.nexojornal.com.br/especial/2017/07/07/Censo-de-1872-o-retrato-do-Brasil-da-escravid%C3%A3o Nexo Jornal 15 October 2022 pt Among the free population, 23.4% of men and 13.4% of women were considered literate. Of the population aged between 6 and 15, 17% of men and 11% of women attended schools. Population data by age group showed that 24.6% of the population were children under 10 years of age; 21.1% were adolescents and young people between 11 and 20 years old; 32.9% were adults between 21 and 40 years old; 8.4% were between 41 and 50 years old; 12.8% were between 51 and 70 years old; and, finally, only 3.4% were over 71 years of age.October 2022 99.7% of the population was classified as Catholic (9.900.888 people) and 0.29% (29.590) as non-Catholic. 80% of the "non-Catholics" were German immigrants. However, there were, at that time, about 383 thousand amerindians, who followed their own religious conceptions. Furthermore, all slaves were classified as Catholics, but many of them maintained the original African religions that, after the abolition of slavery, would give rise to Afro-Brazilian religions.October 2022 The census presents, in addition to the population count, specific information about people with disabilities, access to school and professions exercised, among others. At the time, farming was the profession with the most people, followed by domestic services. Of the liberal professions, artists were the most numerous, even among the slave population.http://exame.abril.com.br/brasil/noticias/censo-de-1872-e-disponibilizado-ao-publico Censo de 1872 é disponibilizado ao público 14 January 2013 15 October 2022 Mariana Tokarnia Exame Among women, the predominant professions were domestic service, farmers and seamstresses. From the total population (men and women), about 42% had no profession (55% among free people, 24% among slaves). The DGE itself recognizes that the contingent without a specific profession was “huge”, especially in the provinces of Rio Grande do Norte, Minas Gerais and Pernambuco. The Census recorded almost 10 million inhabitants distributed in 20 provinces and the Neutral Municipality. Brazil was divided into 641 municipalities, which, in turn, were subdivided into 1,473 parishes, the smallest information units. The collection was carried out in the parishes.http://oglobo.globo.com/sociedade/historia/censo-de-1872-unico-registrar-populacao-escrava-esta-disponivel-7275328?ut Censo de 1872, único a registrar população escrava, está disponível 12 January 2013 15 October 2022 Roberta Jansen O Globo In this Census, the current Northeast region still appeared as the largest in the country. Of the eight most populous provinces in Brazil, half were in the northeast, they were also among the most densely populated, since Pernambuco had a smaller area than São Paulo but with a larger population; and Paraíba, with almost the same population as Rio Grande do Sul, had a much smaller area as well. Residents of the present-day northeast and southeast regions combined made up 87.2% of the country's population.October 2022 In Imperial Brazil, contemporaries understood the country as being geographically divided into only two major regions: the north (the provinces located from Amazonas to Bahia) and the south (from Espírito Santo to Rio Grande do Sul).Melo 1984 13–26 Thus, the northern population, that is, those who lived from Bahia to Amazonas, was 4,971,407 (50.06%) and those who lived in the other provinces, that is, the south, were 4,683,469 (47.16%); therefore, the population of the two regions was roughly equivalent, with a slight advantage to the north.Melo 1984 13–26 The Neutral Municipality, located between the southern provinces, had 274,972 inhabitants, about 2.77% of the country's population. Minas Gerais, with 2,039,735 inhabitants, was the most populous province and with the largest number of parishes (370), the better distribution of population in parishes (including urban and rural areas) in Minas Gerais was a remnant of the population emigration that resulted from the gold cycle, which had its heyday in the previous century and led to the move of Brazil's capital from Salvador to Rio de Janeiro in 1763 (the two largest cities in the 1872 census).October 2022 In 1872, the weight of the rural population was enormous when compared to the urban population. The population of provincial capitals and the Neutral Municipality represented 10.41% of the total population, that is, 1,083,039 people. To complete the picture, 48% of the urban population was concentrated in the cities of Rio de Janeiro, Salvador and Recife.October 2022 Results Population by province ProvinceMunicipalitiesNon included parishesTotal parishesFree population% FreeSlave population% Slaves Total population in 1872 Amazonas 7 - 22 56,631 98.30 979 1.70 57,610 Pará 32 - 70 247,779 90.02 27,458 9.98 275,237 Maranhão 37 1 53 284,101 78.95 74,939 21.05 359,040 Piauí 22 2 27 178,427 88.23 23,795 11.77 202,222 Ceará 46 - 57 689,773 95.58 31,913 4.42 721,686 Rio Grande do Norte 22 - 27 220,959 94.44 13,020 5.56 233,979 Paraíba 24 - 38 354,700 94.28 21,526 5.72 376,226 Pernambuco 39 - 71 752,511 89.42 89,028 10.58 841,539 Alagoas 19 - 28 312,268 89.73 35,741 10.27 348,009 Sergipe 24 5 30 153,620 87.16 22,623 12.84 176,243 Bahia 72 - 169 1,211,792 87.84 167,824 12.16 1,379,616 Espírito Santo 13 - 25 59,478 72.41 22,659 27.59 82,137 Rio de Janeiro 33 6 123 490,087 62.61 292,637 37.39 782,724 São Paulo 89 - 142 680,742 81.29 156,612 18.71 837,354 Paraná 16 - 23 116,162 91.67 10,560 8.33 126,722 Santa Catarina 11 - 38 144,818 90.62 14,984 9.38 159,802 Rio Grande do Sul 28 4 72 367,022 84.41 67,791 15.59 434,183 Minas Gerais 72 14 370 1,669,276 81.84 370,459 18.16 2,039,735 Goiás 26 - 54 149,743 93.36 10,652 6.64 160,395 Mato Grosso 9 - 15 53,750 88.97 6,667 11.03 60,417 Neutral Municipality - - 19 226,033 82.20 48,939 17.80 274,972 Empire of Brazil 641 32 1,473 8,419,672 84.78 1,510,806 15.22 9,930,478 Population of the provincial capitals ProvinceCapitalPopulationProportion in relation to the provincePosition in the country Amazonas Manaus29,33450.9%74th Pará Belém61,99722.5%7th Maranhão São Luís31,6048.8%62nd Piauí Teresina21,69210.7%137th Ceará Fortaleza42,4585.9%26th Rio Grande do Norte Natal20,3928.7%160th Paraíba Paraíba24,7146.6%105th Pernambuco Recife116,67113.9%3rd Alagoas Maceió27,7038%83rd Sergipe Aracaju9,5595.4%366th Bahia Salvador129,1099.4%2nd Espírito Santo Vitória16,15719.7%211th Rio de Janeiro Niterói47,5486.1%20th São Paulo São Paulo31,3853.8%64th Paraná Curitiba12.65110%280th Santa Catarina Desterro25,70916.1%96th Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre43,99810.1%23rd Minas Gerais Ouro Preto48,2142.4%19th Goiás Goiás19,15911.9%174th Mato Grosso Cuiabá35,98759.6%48th Most populous municipalities in 1872 the Empire of Brazil (1872 census) Provinces of BrazilProvince Rio de Janeiro 274,972 Neutral Municipality Salvador, BahiaSalvador 129,109 Bahia Recife 116,671 Pernambuco Campos dos GoytacazesCampos 88,832 Rio de Janeiro (state)Rio de Janeiro Cachoeira 88,181 Bahia Serro 67,436 Minas Gerais Belém 61,997 ParáGrão-Pará Rio de ContasMinas do Rio das Contas 59,893 Bahia Santo Amaro, BahiaSanto Amaro 58,252 Bahia Ponte Nova 57,231 Minas Gerais Conselheiro LafaieteQueluz 56,902 Minas Gerais Sabará 55,449 Minas Gerais Minas Novas 54,447 Minas Gerais Caruaru 54,278 Pernambuco Grão Mogol 53,005 Minas Gerais Feira de Santana 51,696 Bahia Rio Pardo de MinasRio Pardo 51,583 Minas Gerais Santa Bárbara, Minas Gerais Santa Bárbara 48,344 Minas Gerais Ouro Preto 48,214 Minas Gerais Niterói 47,548 Rio de Janeiro (state)Rio de Janeiro See also Demographics of Brazil References Bibliography Melo Edvaldo Cabral de O norte agrário e o Império Nova Fronteira 1984 Brasília pt Category:1872 censuses Category:Censuses in Brazil Category:1872 in Brazil