1-Chloro-1,1-difluoroethane

477207296 1-Chloro-1,1-difluoroethane.svg 120px 1-Chloro-1,1-difluoroethane Freon 142b; R-142b; HCFC-142b; Chlorodifluoroethane correct chemspider 6148 correct FDA FUC3XHA6GY CC(F)(F)Cl correct chemspider 1S/C2H3ClF2/c1-2(3,4)5/h1H3 correct chemspider BHNZEZWIUMJCGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 75-68-3 correct CAS 9625 2 3 1 2 Colorless gas -130.8 38760 −9.6 Slight Asphyxiant 632 1-Chloro-1,1-difluoroethane (HCFC-142b) is a haloalkane with the chemical formula CH3CClF2. It belongs to the hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC) family of man-made compounds that contribute significantly to both ozone depletion and global warming when released into the environment. It is primarily used as a refrigerant where it is also known as R-142b and by trade names including Freon-142b.http://www.refrigerants.com/pdf/SDS%20R142b.pdf Safety Data Sheet for 1-Chloro-1,1-difluoroethane 24 February 2018 24 October 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20181024231333/http://www.refrigerants.com/pdf/SDS%20R142b.pdf dead Physiochemical properties 1-Chloro-1,1-difluoroethane is a highly flammable, colorless gas under most atmospheric conditions. It has a boiling point of −10 °C.http://ashrae.org/File%20Library/docLib/Public/20070613_342004_d_j_l_m_t_only.pdf Addenda d, j, l, m, and t to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2004 2007-03-03 ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2004, Designation and Safety Classification of Refrigerants American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. Atlanta, GA 1041-2336 2011-12-18 https://web.archive.org/web/20111012095426/http://ashrae.org/File%20Library/docLib/Public/20070613_342004_d_j_l_m_t_only.pdf 2011-10-12 dead Its critical temperature is near 137 °C.Schoen J. Andrew http://www.jandrewschoen.com/refchart.pdf Listing of Refrigerants Andy's HVAC/R Web Page 2011-12-17 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20090319184345/http://www.jandrewschoen.com/refchart.pdf 2009-03-19 Applications HCFC-142b is used as a refrigerant, as a blowing agent for foam plastics production, and as feedstock to make polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). https://www.epa.gov/ods-phaseout/phaseout-class-ii-ozone-depleting-substances Phaseout of Class II Ozone-Depleting Substances 22 July 2015 Environmental Protection Agency It was introduced to replace the chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) that were initially undergoing a phase-out per the Montreal Protocol, but HCFCs still have a significant ozone-depletion ability. As of year 2020, HCFC's are replaced by non ozone depleting HFCs within many applications.https://ec.europa.eu/clima/sites/clima/files/docs/0007/icf_hcfc_background_doc_en.pdf Overview of HCFC Consumption and Available Alternatives For Article 5 Countries ICF International 2008 2021-02-12 In the United States, the EPA stated that HCFCs could be used in "processes that result in the transformation or destruction of the HCFCs", such as using HCFC-142b as a feedstock to make PVDF. HCFCs could also be used in equipment that was manufactured before January 1, 2010.U.S. Government Publishing Office Federal Register 2005 November 4, Protection of Stratospheric Ozone: Notice of Data Availability; Information Concerning the Current and Predicted Use of HCFC-22 and HCFC-142b Pages 67172 - 67174 [FR DOC # 05-22036]. The point of these new regulations was to phase-out HCFCs in much the same way that CFCs were phased out. HCFC-142b production in non article 5 countries like the United States was banned on January 1, 2020, under the Montreal Protocol. Production history According to the Alternative Fluorocarbons Environmental Acceptability Study (AFEAS), in 2006 global production (excluding India and China who did not report production data) of HCFC-142b was 33,779 metric tons and an increase in production from 2006 to 2007 of 34%.http://www.afeas.org/overview.php Production and Sales of Fluorocarbons - AFEAS 2018-02-13 https://web.archive.org/web/20150928070808/http://www.afeas.org/overview.php 2015-09-28 dead For the most part, concentrations of HCFCs in the atmosphere match the emission rates that were reported by industries. The exception to this is HCFC-142b which had a higher concentration than the emission rates suggest it should.http://www.ucar.edu/communications/quarterly/spring01/hcfcs.html Good news from the stratosphere, sort of: Accumulating HCFCs won't stop ozone-hole mending 2018-02-13 https://web.archive.org/web/20160303203349/http://www.ucar.edu/communications/quarterly/spring01/hcfcs.html 2016-03-03 dead Environmental effects thumb|left|upright=1.4|Growth of HCFC-142b in Earth's atmosphere since year 1992.https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/hats/gases/HCFC142b.html HCFC-142b NOAA Earth System Research Laboratories/Global Monitoring Division 2021-02-12 thumb|left|HCFC-142b measured by the Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (AGAGE) in the lower atmosphere (troposphere) at stations around the world. Abundances are given as pollution free monthly mean mole fractions in parts-per-trillion. The concentration of HCFC-142b in the atmosphere grew to over 20 parts per trillion by year 2010. It has an ozone depletion potential (ODP) of 0.07.John S. Daniel Guus J.M. Velders A.R. Douglass P.M.D. Forster D.A. Hauglustaine I.S.A. Isaksen L.J.M. Kuijpers A. McCulloch T.J. Wallington Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2006 2006 World Meteorological Organization Geneva, Switzerland http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/csd/assessments/ozone/2006/chapters/chapter8.pdf 9 October 2016 Chapter 8. Halocarbon Scenarios, Ozone Depletion Potentials, and Global Warming Potentials This is low compared to the ODP=1 of trichlorofluoromethane (CFC-11, R-11), which also grew about ten times more abundant in the atmosphere by year 1985 (prior to introduction of HCFC-142b and the Montreal Protocol). HCFC-142b is also a minor but potent greenhouse gas. It has an estimated lifetime of about 17 years and a 100-year global warming potential ranging 2300 to 5000.https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/ Chapter 8 AR5 Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis 731Refrigerants - Environmental Properties http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/Refrigerants-Environment-Properties-d_1220.html The Engineering ToolBox 2016-09-12 This compares to the GWP=1 of carbon dioxide, which had a much greater atmospheric concentration near 400 parts per million in year 2020. See also IPCC list of greenhouse gases List of refrigerants References Category:Refrigerants Category:Hydrochlorofluorocarbons Category:Greenhouse gases Category:Ozone-depleting chemical substances Category:Chlorofluoroalkanes Category:Haloethanes