1975 in science

none 1975 science 1975 The year 1975 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below. Astronomy and space exploration April 19 – Aryabhata, India's first satellite, is launched using Soviet boosters. July 17 – Apollo–Soyuz Test Project: An American Apollo and a Soviet Soyuz spacecraft dock with each other in orbit marking the first such link-up between spacecraft from the two nations. August 20 – Viking program: NASA launches the Viking 1 planetary probe toward Mars. Biology August 7 – César Milstein and Georges Köhler report their discovery of how to use hybridoma cells to isolate monoclonal antibodies, effectively beginning the history of monoclonal antibody use in science.Kohler, G. Milstein, C. 1975 Continuous cultures of fused cells secreting antibody of predefined specificity Nature 256 5517 495–497 1172191 10.1038/256495a0 1975Natur.256..495K 4161444 Waldman Thomas A. 2003 Immunotherapy: past, present and future Nature Medicine 9 269–277 10.1038/nm0303-269 12612576 3 9745527 https://zenodo.org/record/1233435 free Living specimens of the Chacoan Peccary (Catagonus wagneri), previously known only from fossils, are identified in Paraguay.Naish Darren Darren Naish New, obscure, and nearly extinct rodents of South America, and... when fossils come alive http://scienceblogs.com/tetrapodzoology Tetrapod Zoology 2008-11-24 2008-12-13 https://web.archive.org/web/20081216010917/http://scienceblogs.com/tetrapodzoology 16 December 2008 live Climatology August 8 – The term global warming is probably first used in its modern sense by Wallace Smith Broecker.Wallace S. Broecker Climatic Change: Are We on the Brink of a Pronounced Global Warming? Science 189 1975-08-08 460–463 10.1126/science.189.4201.460 1975Sci...189..460B 4201 17781884 16702835 Stefan Happy 35th birthday, global warming! http://www.realclimate.org/index.php/archives/2010/07/happy-35th-birthday-global-warming/ RealClimate 2010-07-28 2012-01-28 [Broecker's article is] the first of over 10,000 papers for this search term according to the ISI database of journal articlesJohnson Brad Wally's World https://foreignpolicy.com/articles/2010/08/03/wallys_world Foreign Policy 2010-08-03 2012-01-28 Computer science January – Altair 8800 is released, sparking the era of the microcomputer. March 5 – Hackers in Silicon Valley hold the first meeting of the Homebrew Computer Club. April 4 – Bill Gates and Paul Allen form a company at this time called Micro-Soft in Albuquerque, New Mexico, to develop and sell their Altair BASIC interpreter software for the Altair 8800.https://www.wired.com/2008/04/dayintech-0404/ April 4, 1975: Bill Gates, Paul Allen Form a Little Partnership Wired.com 2016-01-25 Alfred Randy The MOS Technology 6502 is introduced. An 8-bit microprocessor designed by a small team led by Chuck Peddle for MOS Technology, it is, by a considerable margin, the least expensive full-featured microprocessor on the market. Mathematics Benoit Mandelbrot coins the term fractal. The Harada–Norton group is discovered.Harada Koichiro Proceedings of the Conference on Finite Groups (Univ. Utah, Park City, Utah, 1975) Academic Press Boston, MA 0401904 1976 On the simple group F of order 119–276Simon P. Norton F and other simple groups PhD Thesis University of Cambridge 1975 John N. Mather and Richard McGehee prove that for the Newtonian collinear four-body problem there exist solutions which become unbounded in a finite time interval.Mather, J. N. McGehee, R. Solutions of the collinear four body problem which become unbounded in finite time Dynamical Systems, Theory and Applications 38 1975 573–597 10.1007/3-540-07171-7_18 Lecture Notes in Physics 1975LNP....38..573M 978-3-540-07171-6 https://www.ams.org/notices/199505/saari-2.pdf Saari, Donald G. Xia, Zhihong (Jeff) Off to infinity in finite time Notices of the American Mathematical Society 1995 42 5Alain Chenciner The three body problem 2 10 2111 2007 Scholarpedia 10.4249/scholarpedia.2111 2007SchpJ...2.2111C free The Monty Hall problem in probability is first posed, by Steve Selvin.Selvin Steve A problem in probability (letter to the editor) The American Statistician 29 1 67–71 February 1975 10.1080/00031305.1975.10479121 Selvin Steve On the Monty Hall problem (letter to the editor) American Statistician 29 3 134 August 1975 Medicine October 16 – The last naturally occurring case of smallpox is diagnosed and treated, the victim being two-year-old Rahima Banu in Bangladesh.Image caption of U.S. Centers for Disease Control Public Health Image Library image number 7762. Lyme disease first recognised at Lyme, Connecticut. Mini–mental state examination (MMSE) or Folstein test introduced to screen for dementia or other cognitive dysfunction.10.1016/0022-3956(75)90026-6 1202204 "Mini-mental state": A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician http://www.journalofpsychiatricresearch.com/article/0022-3956(75)90026-6/pdf Journal of Psychiatric Research 12 3 189–98 1975 Folstein Marshal F Folstein Susan E McHugh Paul R subscription Technology Steven Sasson of Eastman Kodak in the United States produces the first self-contained (portable) digital camera. Awards Nobel Prizes Physics – Aage Bohr, Ben Roy Mottelson, James Rainwater Chemistry – John Warcup Cornforth, Vladimir Prelog Medicine – David Baltimore, Renato Dulbecco, Howard Martin Temin Turing Award – Allen Newell, Herbert A. Simon Births July 11 – Naomi McClure-Griffiths, American-born astrophysicist. July 17 – Terence Tao, Australian-born mathematician. November 14 – Martin Hairer, Swiss-born Austrian-British mathematician. Catherine A. Lozupone, American microbiologist. Deaths February 8 – Sir Robert Robinson b. 1886), British chemist, Nobel Prize laureate February 10 – Elizabeth Kozlova (b. 1892), Russian ornithologist February 14 – Sir Julian Huxley (b. 1887), English biologist and author. April 19 – Percy Lavon Julian (b. 1899), African American research chemist. May 14 – Ernst Alexanderson (b. 1878), Swedish American television pioneer. May 18 – Christopher Strachey (b. 1916), English computer scientist. June 8 – Douglas Guthrie (b. 1885), Scottish otolaryngologist and medical historian. June 27 – Sir Geoffrey Taylor (b. 1886), English physicist. September 5 – Alice Catherine Evans (b. 1881), American microbiologist. October 10 – August Dvorak (b. 1894), American educational psychologist. October 23 – Gordon Hamilton Fairley (b. 1930), British oncologist. November – Priscilla Fairfield Bok (b. 1896), American astronomer. November 19 – Tokushichi Mishima (b. 1893), Japanese inventor and metallurgist. December 13 – Mary Locke Petermann (b. 1908), American cellular biochemist. December 28 – Frances McConnell-Mills (b. 1900), American toxicologist. References Category:20th century in science Category:1970s in science