2005 Atlantic hurricane season

None September 2024 Atl 2005 2005 Atlantic hurricane season summary.png Tracks of about 28 tropical storms, including 15 hurricanes, cluster in the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico, with some scattered in the Atlantic. Seven hurricanes are major, and most of them make landfall on the U.S. Gulf coast. June 8, 2005 January 6, 2006 (record latest, tied with 1954) Wilma(Most intense hurricane in the Atlantic basin) 882 160 1 31 (record high, tied with 2020) 28 15 (record high) 7 (record high, tied with 2020) 245.3 (Second highest on record) 179253 Second-costliest tropical cyclone season on record 3,476 total 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 Timeline of the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season 2005 Pacific typhoon season 2005 Pacific hurricane season 2005 North Indian Ocean cyclone season The 2005 Atlantic hurricane season was a record-breaking, catastrophic, and deadly Atlantic hurricane season. It is the second-costliest hurricane season, just behind the 2017 season. It featured 28 tropical and subtropical storms,https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2020/11/01/tropical-storm-eta-expected-become-hurricane-monday/6112670002/ Tropical Storm Eta expected to intensify into the season's 12th hurricane on Monday USA Today usatoday.com Miller Susan "Eta is the 28th named storm of a historic season, which has tied 2005 for most storms on record. It has been since 1969." November 1, 2020 November 1, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20201101223336/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2020/11/01/tropical-storm-eta-expected-become-hurricane-monday/6112670002/ live which was previously the most recorded in a hurricane season until the 2020 season. The United States National Hurricane CenterThe United States National Hurricane Center is the official Regional Specialized Meteorological Center for the North Atlantic basin.National Hurricane Center September 11, 2011 Worldwide Tropical Cyclone Centers March 19, 2020 http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/aboutrsmc.shtml https://web.archive.org/web/20150321173303/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/aboutrsmc.shtml March 21, 2015 live "nb" named 27 storms, exhausting the annual pre-designated list, requiring the use of six Greek letter names, and adding an additional unnamed subtropical storm during a post-season re-analysis. A record 15 storms attained hurricane status, with maximum sustained winds of at least 74 mph km/h. Of those, a record seven became major hurricanes, rated Category 3 or higher on the Saffir–Simpson scale. Four storms of this season became Category 5 hurricanes, the most of any season on record. The four Category 5 hurricanes during the season were Emily, Katrina, Rita, and Wilma. In July, Emily reached peak intensity in the Caribbean Sea, becoming the first Category 5 hurricane of the season, later weakening and striking Mexico twice. It was the first Category 5 hurricane recorded in the month of July and was the earliest-forming Category 5 hurricane on record, until Hurricane Beryl surpassed the record in July 2024. In August, Katrina reached peak winds in the Gulf of Mexico but weakened by the time it struck the U.S. states of Louisiana and Mississippi. The most devastating effects of the season were felt on the Gulf Coast of the United States, where Katrina's storm surge crippled New Orleans, Louisiana, for weeks and devastated the Mississippi coastline. Katrina became the costliest U.S. hurricane, leaving $125 billion in damageAll damage totals are in 2005 values of their respective currencies. "nb" and 1,392 deaths. Rita followed in September, reaching peak intensity in the Gulf of Mexico before weakening and hitting near the border of Texas and Louisiana. The season's strongest hurricane, Wilma, became the most intense Atlantic hurricane on record, as measured by barometric pressure. Lasting for ten days in October, Wilma moved over Cozumel, the Yucatán Peninsula, and Florida, causing over $22 billion in damage and 52 deaths. The season's impact was widespread and catastrophic. Its storms caused an estimated 3,468 deaths and approximately $171.7 billion in damage. It was the costliest season on record at the time, until its record was surpassed 12 years later. It also produced the second-highest accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) in the Atlantic basin, only behind the 1933 season. The season officially began on June 1, 2005, and the first storm, Arlene, developed on June 8. Hurricane Dennis in July inflicted heavy damage to Cuba. Hurricane Stan in October was part of a broader weather system that killed 1,673 people and caused $3.96 billion in damage to eastern Mexico and Central America, with Guatemala hit the hardest. The final storm, Zeta, formed in late December and lasted until January 6, 2006, the latest of any season, tied with 1954. Seasonal forecasts +Predictions of tropical activity in the 2005 seasonSourceDateNamedstormsHurricanesMajorhurricanesRefAverage (1950–2004) 10.0 6.0 2.6 May 16, 2005 Background Information: The North Atlantic hurricane season United States Climate Prediction Center March 8, 2020 https://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/outlooks/hurricane2005/May/background_information.html live https://web.archive.org/web/20170506153426/http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/outlooks/hurricane2005/May/background_information.html May 6, 2017 CSU December 3, 2004 11 6 3 Gray William M. Klotzbach Philip J. Thorson William December 3, 2004 Extended Range Forecast of Atlantic Seasonal Hurricane Activity and US Landfall Strike Probability for 2005 Colorado State University March 8, 2020 https://tropical.colostate.edu/media/sites/111/2016/07/2004-12.pdf https://web.archive.org/web/20060307053739/http://hurricane.atmos.colostate.edu/forecasts/2004/dec2004/ March 7, 2006 live TSR December 10, 2004 9.6 5.7 3.3 Saunders Mark Lea Adam July 7, 2005 July Forecast Update for Atlantic Hurricane Activity in 2005 Tropical Storm Risk March 8, 2020 https://www.tropicalstormrisk.com/docs/TSRATLForecastJul2005.pdf live https://web.archive.org/web/20120901071312/http://www.tropicalstormrisk.com/docs/TSRATLForecastJul2005.pdf September 1, 2012 TSR January 5, 2005 13.9 7.8 3.6 TSR February 9, 2005 13.6 7.7 3.5 TSR March 7, 2005 14.0 7.9 3.6 CSU April 1, 2005 13 7 3 Gray William M. April 1, 2005 Klotzbach Philip J. Thorson William Extended Range Forecast of Atlantic Seasonal Hurricane Activity and US Landfall Strike Probability for 2005 Colorado State University March 8, 2020 https://tropical.colostate.edu/media/sites/111/2016/07/2005-04.pdf https://web.archive.org/web/20060210150915/http://hurricane.atmos.colostate.edu/Forecasts/2005/april2005/ February 10, 2006 live TSR April 5, 2005 13.9 7.8 3.6 InsMet May 2, 2005 13 7 N/A TSR May 5, 2005 13.9 7.8 3.6 NOAA May 16, 2005 12–15 7–9 3–5 May 16, 2005 NOAA: 2005 Atlantic Hurricane Outlook United States Climate Prediction Center March 8, 2020 http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/outlooks/hurricane2005/May/hurricane.html Bell Gerald D. Blake Eric S. Landsea Christopher W. Mo Kingtse C. Pasch Richard J. Chelliah Muthuvel Goldenberg Stanley B https://web.archive.org/web/20150906022727/http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/outlooks/hurricane2005/May/hurricane.html September 6, 2015 live CSU May 31, 2005 15 8 4 Gray William M. Klotzbach Philip J. Thorson William April 1, 2005 Extended Range Forecast of Atlantic Seasonal Hurricane Activity and US Landfall Strike Probability for 2005 Colorado State University March 8, 2020 https://tropical.colostate.edu/media/sites/111/2016/07/2005-06.pdf https://web.archive.org/web/20060210150915/http://hurricane.atmos.colostate.edu/Forecasts/2005/april2005/ February 10, 2006 live TSR June 7, 2005 13.8 7.8 3.5 TSR July 7, 2005 15.3 8.8 4.1 InsMet August 1, 2005 20 9 N/A Saunders Mark Lea Adam August 5, 2005 August Forecast Update for Atlantic Hurricane Activity in 2005 Tropical Storm Risk March 8, 2020 https://www.tropicalstormrisk.com/docs/TSRATLForecastAug2005.pdf live https://web.archive.org/web/20120901071444/http://www.tropicalstormrisk.com/docs/TSRATLForecastAug2005.pdf September 1, 2012 NOAA August 2, 2005 18–21 9–11 5–7 August 2, 2005 NOAA: August 2005 Update to Atlantic Hurricane Season Outlook March 8, 2020 https://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/outlooks/hurricane2005/August/hurricane.html United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Bell Gerald D. Blake Eric S. Landsea Christopher W. Mo Kingtse C. Pasch Richard J. Chelliah Muthuvel Goldenberg Stanley B. https://web.archive.org/web/20190111202342/http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/outlooks/hurricane2005/August/hurricane.html January 11, 2019 live TSR August 5, 2005 22.1 11.4 7.8 CSU August 5, 2005 20 10 6 Gray William M. Klotzbach Philip J. Thorson William August 5, 2005 Extended Range Forecast of Atlantic Seasonal Hurricane Activity and US Landfall Strike Probability for 2005 Colorado State University March 8, 2020 https://tropical.colostate.edu/media/sites/111/2016/07/2005-08.pdf https://web.archive.org/web/20200329095246/https://tropical.colostate.edu/media/sites/111/2016/07/2005-08.pdf March 29, 2020 live CSU September 2, 2005 20 10 6 Gray William M. Klotzbach Philip J. Thorson William September 2, 2005 Forecast of Atlantic hurricane activity for September and October 2005 and seasonal update through August Colorado State University March 8, 2020 http://hurricane.atmos.colostate.edu/Forecasts/2005/sep2005/ https://web.archive.org/web/20050923154633/http://hurricane.atmos.colostate.edu/Forecasts/2005/sep2005/ dead September 23, 2005 CSU October 3, 2005 20 11 6 Gray William M. Klotzbach Philip J. Thorson William October 3, 2005 Forecast of Atlantic hurricane activity for October 2005 and seasonal update through September Colorado State University March 8, 2020 http://hurricane.atmos.colostate.edu/Forecasts/2005/sep2005/ https://web.archive.org/web/20051213204355/http://hurricane.atmos.colostate.edu/Forecasts/2005/oct2005/ dead December 13, 2005 Actual activity 28 15 7 Beven John L. Avila Lixion A. Blake Eric S. Brown Daniel P. Franklin James L. Knabb Richard D. Pasch Richard J. Rhome Jamie R. Stewar Stacy R. 6 Atlantic Hurricane Season of 2005 Monthly Weather Review March 2008 136 3 1109–1173 10.1175/2007MWR2074.1 2008MWRv..136.1109B free Ahead of the formal start of the season, various groups issued forecasts for the number of named storms, hurricanes, and major hurricanes in the upcoming season, including Colorado State University (CSU), the Cuban Institute of Meteorology (InsMet), Tropical Storm Risk (TSR), and the United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Some forecasts predicted how many tropical cyclones would affect a particular country or territory. Pre-season forecasts The first of these forecasts was issued by CSU, which predicted on December 5, 2004 that the season would be above average and feature 11 named storms, 6 hurricanes and 3 intense hurricanes. They also noted that the Caribbean and the entire United States coastline faced an increased risk of a major hurricane making landfall. TSR issued its first forecast a few days later and predicted that the season would feature 9.6 tropical storms, 5.7 hurricanes, 3.3 major hurricanes, and predicted that the accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) rating would be 145. During January 2005, TSR increased its forecast to 13.9 tropical storms, 7.8 hurricanes, 3.6 major hurricanes, and predicted that the ACE rating would be 157. CSU issued its first updated forecast on April 1, increasing their prediction to 13 tropical storms, 7 hurricanes, and 3 major hurricanes, with a continued risk of a major hurricane landfall in the Caribbean or United States. The increase was based on the Atlantic continuing to warm and a strong belief that El Niño conditions would not persist into the hurricane season. On May 2, the Cuban Institute of Meteorology (InsMet) issued their seasonal forecast, which predicted that the season would feature 13 tropical storms and 7 hurricanes. This was followed on May 16 by NOAA, who predicted a 70% chance of above normal activity, with 12–15 tropical storms, 7–9 hurricanes, and 3–5 major hurricanes. The agency cited favorable conditions associated with an active phase of the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO).NOAA: 2005 Atlantic Hurricane Outlook https://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/outlooks/hurricane2005/May/hurricane.html Climate Prediction Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration May 14, 2005 https://web.archive.org/web/20200514182453/https://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/outlooks/hurricane2005/May/hurricane.html May 14, 2020 Camp Springs, Maryland May 16, 2005 CSU issued its second forecast update on May 31, revising its forecast to 15 named storms, 8 hurricanes and 4 major hurricanes; by this point, the group believed El Niño conditions were unlikely. Midseason outlooks In their July forecast update, TSR anticipated that the season would be exceptionally active and well above average; the group increased their forecast to 15.3 tropical storms, 8.8 hurricanes, and 4.1 major hurricanes, with an ACE rating of 190. By the end of July, seven tropical storms and two major hurricanes had developed within the basin, which prompted CSU, InsMet, NOAA and TSR to significantly increase their seasonal forecasts at the start of August. In their August 5 update, CSU predicted that 13 more storms would form, with seven more hurricanes and three more major hurricanes. At the start of September, CSU updated their forecasts and predicted that eight more storms would form, with six more hurricanes and three major hurricanes. By the end of September, 17 named storms had developed, of which nine had developed into hurricanes and four had become major hurricanes. Within their final update for the year, CSU predicted that October would feature three named storms, two hurricanes and one major hurricane. Seasonal summary With 28 storms (27 named storms and one unnamed), the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season set a new single-year record for most storms, surpassing the total of 20 from 1933. This record stood until surpassed by the 2020 season, which had 30 storms, making it the second-most active season on record .Cappell Bill The 2021 Atlantic hurricane season ends as the third most active year ever November 30, 2021 https://www.npr.org/2021/11/30/1060158141/2021-atlantic-hurricane-season-ends-third-most-active-year-ever NPR June 4, 2022 June 4, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220604184349/https://www.npr.org/2021/11/30/1060158141/2021-atlantic-hurricane-season-ends-third-most-active-year-ever live Before August 1, a record seven named storms formed, surpassing 1997, and later eclipsed by 2020.https://www.weather.gov/tae/climate_2005review_hurricanes 2005 Hurricane Season Records National Weather Service Tallahassee, Florida May 11, 2020 October 13, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20201013075343/https://www.weather.gov/tae/climate_2005review_hurricanes livehttps://www.scientificamerican.com/article/in-2020-record-breaking-hurricanes-arrived-early-and-often1/ In 2020, Record-Breaking Hurricanes Arrived Early—and Often December 1, 2020 Andrea Thompson Amanda Montañez Scientific American June 4, 2021 May 16, 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20210516095155/https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/in-2020-record-breaking-hurricanes-arrived-early-and-often1/ live Further, the months of July and November set records for number of named storms, with 5 and 3, respectively. The 2005 season featured 15 hurricanes, surpassing the previous record of 12, set in 1969. Of the 15 hurricanes, 5 formed in September, with the season becoming only the sixth to feature 5 in that month. The 2005 season also featured a record seven major hurricanes, one more than the previous record, set in 1926, 1933, 1950, 1996, and 2004. The four Category 5 hurricanes were also a record.State of the Climate: Hurricanes and Tropical Storms – Annual 2005 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration January 2006 February 28, 2020 https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/tropical-cyclones/200513 https://web.archive.org/web/20200127180507/https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/tropical-cyclones/200513 January 27, 2020 liveNorth Atlantic Hurricane Basin (1851–2018) Comparison of Original and Revised HURDAT June 2019 February 28, 2020 https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hurdat/comparison_table.html National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration https://web.archive.org/web/20200227210958/https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hurdat/comparison_table.html February 27, 2020 live The season's activity was reflected with an ACE rating of 244, the second-highest value on record in the Atlantic basin, after the 1933 season.Linker Josh Why This Hurricane Season Isn't as Active as It Seems September 16, 2020 https://www.baynews9.com/fl/tampa/weather/2020/09/15/lots-of-names--but-actually-pretty-average baynews9.com Bay News 9 St. Petersburg, Florida December 1, 2020 December 6, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20201206010619/https://www.baynews9.com/fl/tampa/weather/2020/09/15/lots-of-names--but-actually-pretty-average liveHurricane Research Division; Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration February 2014 Atlantic basin Comparison of Original and Revised HURDAT July 10, 2014 http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hurdat/comparison_table.html Miami, Florida https://web.archive.org/web/20140329014406/http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hurdat/comparison_table.html March 29, 2014 live The storms of the season were extraordinarily damaging and were responsible for significant loss of life. Total damage is estimated to be about US$171.7 billion, and the seasons' storms contributed to the deaths of 3,912 people. There were a record 15 storms making landfall, including seven storms that struck the United States. Meteorological conditions The extremely active 2005 hurricane season was a continuation of an extended sequence of active years for tropical activity in the Atlantic.Smith Shawn R. Brolley Justin O'Brien James J. Tartaglione Carissa A. ENSO's Impact on Regional U.S. Hurricane Activity Journal of Climate April 2007 20 7 1404–1414 10.1175/JCLI4063.1 American Meteorological Society Boston, Massachusetts 2007JCli...20.1404S free Tropical cyclone activity in the Atlantic Ocean between 1995 and 2004 was more active than any other decade in reliable record. With the exception of two years in which El Niño conditions were prevalent (1997 and 2002), all hurricane seasons since 1995 were individually above average. This was associated with an active phase of the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO), with a similar period of elevated tropical activity occurring between 1950 and 1969. The anomalously frequent formation of tropical storms and hurricanes reflected the emergence of unusually warm sea surface temperatures across the tropical Atlantic.Bell Gerald D. Chelliah Muthuvel Leading Tropical Modes Associated with Interannual and Multidecadal Fluctuations in North Atlantic Hurricane Activity Journal of Climate February 2006 19 4 590–612 10.1175/JCLI3659.1 American Meteorological Society Boston, Massachusetts 2006JCli...19..590B 45760322 free Chylek and Lesins (2008) determined that the likelihood of a season generating as much tropical activity as 2005 was less than 1 percent. The consecutive occurrence of hurricane seasons as active as 2004 and 2005 in the Atlantic was unprecedented.Chylek Petr Lesins Glen Multidecadal variability of Atlantic hurricane activity: 1851–2007 Journal of Geophysical Research November 25, 2008 113 D22 D22106 10.1029/2008JD010036 American Geophyiscal Union 2008JGRD..11322106C https://zenodo.org/record/1231299 free July 7, 2020 October 1, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221001015427/https://zenodo.org/record/1231299 live While environmental conditions favorable for the development of tropical cyclones were analogous to other active seasons, they were more pronounced and encompassed larger areas in 2005. The CPC determined that this environmental enhancement was primarily driven by four factors: the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation, the reduction of atmospheric convection in the tropical Pacific, record-high sea surface temperatures in the tropical Atlantic and Caribbean, and conducive wind and pressure patterns across the western Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. The multidecadal oscillation increased the potency of conducive environmental factors for tropical development, including the increased strength of subtropical ridges in the northern and southern Atlantic and the eastern Pacific. This amplified the African easterly jet and enhanced upper-level easterlies, attenuating wind shear detrimental to tropical cyclogenesis across the central tropical Atlantic and the Caribbean. Frequent lulls in convection over the tropical Pacific also contributed to the strength of these ridges, focusing hurricane activity in the Atlantic. Most of the tropical storms and all major hurricanes in the Atlantic in 2005 formed when a lack of convection was present near the International Dateline, while a brief uptick in storms near the International Dateline led to a lull in tropical cyclogenesis in the Atlantic for the first half of August.https://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/expert_assessment/hurrsummary_2005.pdf The 2005 North Atlantic Hurricane Season A Climate Perspective Bell, Gerald D Blake, Eric S Landsea, Christopher W Mo, Kingtse C Pasch, Richard J Chelliah, Muthuvel Goldenberg, Stanley B United States Climate Prediction Center February 22, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20170822021554/http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/expert_assessment/hurrsummary_2005.pdf August 22, 2017 live The Gulf of Mexico saw record levels of tropical activity in 2005, with 11 named storms entering the basin. The unusual activity was attributed to a persistent high pressure area over the Southeastern United States, the northeastward displacement and amplification of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) over the eastern Pacific, and above average sea surface temperatures in the Gulf of Mexico. These factors reduced vertical wind shear and favored cyclonic flow, creating an environment highly supportive of tropical development. The high pressure area also steered incoming storms into the Gulf of Mexico. In addition, the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) was in a neutral phase, lowering the likelihood of storms making landfall on the East Coast of the United States and leading to a concentration of impacts farther west. This focusing mechanism led to a complementary reduction in storms developing close to Cape Verde.Lim Young-Kwon Schubert Siegfried D. Reale Oreste Molod Andrea M. Suarez Max J. Auer Benjamin M. Large-Scale Controls on Atlantic Tropical Cyclone Activity on Seasonal Time Scales Journal of Climate September 2016 29 18 6727–6749 10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0098.1 American Meteorological Society Boston, Massachusetts 29928071 6004610 2016JCli...29.6727L free During the peak of the 2005 season, the Loop Current – an ocean current that transports warm water from the Caribbean Sea northward into the Gulf of Mexico and offshore the U.S. East Coast – propagated northward, reaching its most poleward point in advance of Hurricane Katrina. This protrusion detached into a warm core ring, or a small region of warm waters to an abnormally deep depth, and began to drift southwest as Hurricane Rita traversed the region. By mid-October, the Loop Current returned to its typical position in the Yucatán Peninsula. This evolution provided enhanced ocean heat content to both hurricanes and was partially responsible for the extreme intensities attained by those cyclones.Jaimes Benjamin Shay Lynn Uhlhorn Eric Cook Thomas Brewster Jodi Halliwell George Black Peter Influence of loop current ocean heat content on hurricanes Katrina, Rita, and Wilma https://ams.confex.com/ams/pdfpapers/108249.pdf American Meteorological Society 27th Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology December 1, 2006 May 15, 2020 December 2, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20201202035432/https://ams.confex.com/ams/pdfpapers/108249.pdf live Lowered sea-level atmospheric pressures in the late spring and early summer of 2005 curtailed the strength of trade winds. This allowed the persistence of the anomalously warm sea surface temperatures until November 2005.Virmani Jyotika I. Weisberg Robert H. The 2005 hurricane season: An echo of the past or a harbinger of the future? Geophysical Research Letters 2006 33 5 L05707 10.1029/2005GL025517 American Geophyiscal Union 2006GeoRL..33.5707V 129097202 free The activity in later parts of the 2005 season was elevated by the unusual development of four tropical cyclones from non-tropical origins over the eastern Atlantic.Mauk Rachel G. Hobgood Jay S. Tropical Cyclone Formation in Environments with Cool SST and High Wind Shear over the Northeastern Atlantic Ocean* Weather and Forecasting December 2012 27 6 1433–1448 10.1175/WAF-D-11-00048.1 American Meteorological Society Boston, Massachusetts 2012WtFor..27.1433M 122484459 http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1275445016 free July 7, 2020 January 28, 2024 https://web.archive.org/web/20240128103501/https://etd.ohiolink.edu/acprod/odb_etd/etd/r/1501/10?clear=10&p10_accession_num=osu1275445016 live In the wake of the season, questions arose regarding the potential impact of global warming on Atlantic hurricane activity. Hurricane experts noted that establishing a conclusive relationship would be difficult given the significant role that natural variability plays on hurricane formation and significantly improved tropical cyclone detection methods compared to decades past. A series of international workshops were established after 2005. After five years of analysis, researchers were unable to confirm whether the recent increase in tropical cyclone activity could be attributed more to climate change than natural variability. Models developed within the workshops projected that the number of tropical cyclones under Category 3 intensity would fall over the 21st century, while the number of intense Category 4–5 hurricanes would increase significantly. One potential hypothesis for these findings was a projected increase in vertical wind shear contradicted by warmer ocean temperatures for hurricanes to utilize. The team also concluded that the amount of precipitation produced by tropical cyclones would increase over the next century.Michon Scott Will Hurricanes Change as the World Warms? https://www.climate.gov/news-features/features/will-hurricanes-change-world-warms climate.gov August 2, 2010 May 22, 2020 June 13, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200613221621/https://www.climate.gov/news-features/features/will-hurricanes-change-world-warms dead In May 2020, researchers at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the University of Wisconsin at Madison built upon this research and, for the first time, established a statistically significant global trend toward more intense tropical cyclones, particularly in the Atlantic basin. The research not only reaffirmed a trend toward stronger, wetter tropical cyclones, but it also identified a trend toward increased rapid intensification events and a general slowing of tropical cyclones' forward motion near land.Andrew Freeman Jason Samenow The strongest, most dangerous hurricanes are now far more likely because of climate change, study shows https://www.washingtonpost.com/weather/2020/05/18/hurricanes-stronger-climate-change/ The Washington Post May 18, 2020 May 22, 2020 May 20, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200520201823/https://www.washingtonpost.com/weather/2020/05/18/hurricanes-stronger-climate-change/ live Systems Tropical Storm Arlene Tropical Storm Arlene (2005) Atl Arlene 2005-06-11 1645Z.jpg Arlene 2005 path.png June 8 June 13 60 989 The season's first tropical depression developed north of Honduras on June 8. Moving generally northward, it intensified into Tropical Storm Arlene, and struck western Cuba on June 10. The storm reached peak winds of 70 mph km/h on early on June 11. Later that day, the storm moved ashore just west of Pensacola, Florida. Over the next two days, Arlene continued northward through the United States, dissipating over southeastern Canada on June 14.Lixion A. Avila Daniel P. Brown July 20, 2005 Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Storm Arlene National Hurricane Center February 2, 2020 http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL012005_Arlene.pdf October 2, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151002011636/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL012005_Arlene.pdf live In western Cuba, Arlene produced wind gusts of 49 mph km/h on at Punta del Este and 6.81 in mm on of rainfall in the city of Pinar del Río. Arlene left mostly minor damage throughout the United States, estimated at $11.8 million. In Miami Beach, Florida, a student died when she was caught in a rip current. Rainfall in the United States peaked at 9.84 in mm on in Lake Toxaway, North Carolina. Tropical Storm Bret Tropical Storm Bret (2005) Atl Bret 2005-06-28 2045Z.jpg Bret 2005 path.png June 28 June 30 35 1002 A tropical depression formed on June 28 in the Bay of Campeche. It quickly strengthened into Tropical Storm Bret with sustained winds of 40 mph km/h on. Bret moved ashore northeastern Mexico near Tuxpan, Veracruz, dissipating early on June 30 over San Luis Potosí.Richard J. Pasch January 23, 2006 Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Storm Bret National Hurricane Center February 3, 2020 http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL022005_Bret.pdf October 2, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151002011638/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL022005_Bret.pdf live Bret brought heavy rainfall across Mexico, reaching at least 10.47 in mm on in El Raudal, Veracruz.Alberto Hernández Unzón 2005 Resumen de la tormenta tropical 'Bret' del océano Atlántico Servicio Meteorológico Nacional February 3, 2020 es http://smn.cna.gob.mx/ciclones/tempo2005/atlantico/bret/bret.pdf https://web.archive.org/web/20070625134233/http://smn.cna.gob.mx/ciclones/tempo2005/atlantico/bret/bret.pdf June 25, 2007 One person drowned in Cerro Azul, while another death occurred in Naranjos due to cardiac arrest. The floods forced the evacuation of approximately 2,800 people,Características e Impacto Socioeconómico de los Principales Desastres Ocurridos en la República Mexicana en el Año 2005 August 2006 es http://www.proteccioncivil.gob.mx/work/models/ProteccionCivil/Resource/375/1/images/no_7.pdf Sistema Nacional de Protección Civil February 10, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200214015625/http://www.proteccioncivil.gob.mx/work/models/ProteccionCivil/Resource/375/1/images/no_7.pdf February 14, 2020 live251 damaged around 3,000 houses, isolated 66 villages, and caused about $100 million (MXN, US$9.2 million) in damage. Hurricane Cindy Hurricane Cindy (2005) Atl Cindy 2005-07-05 1910Z (alternate).jpg Cindy 2005 path.png July 3 July 7 65 991 A tropical depression formed on July 3 in the western Caribbean Sea, and crossed the Yucatán Peninsula into the Gulf of Mexico. It strengthened into Tropical Storm Cindy early on July 5, and attained hurricane status a day later, with peak winds of 75 mph (120 km/h). Early on July 6, Cindy struck southeastern Louisiana, and after weakening over land, hit southern Mississippi as a tropical storm. Cindy continued across the southeastern United States and transitioned into an extratropical cyclone on July 7 over The Carolinas; it eventually dissipated over the Gulf of St. Lawrence on July 12.Stacy R. Stewart February 14, 2006 Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Cindy National Hurricane Center July 29, 2011 http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL032005_Cindy.pdf October 2, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151002011640/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL032005_Cindy.pdf live Across the United States, the hurricane caused $320 million in damage and three fatalities – one in Georgia from flooding, and two in Maryland from a car crash.National Climatic Data Center 2005 February 6, 2020 Heavy Rain Event Report https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5463646 July 9, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200709161936/https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5463646 live Across Louisiana, the hurricane left 280,000 people without power. Rainfall in the United States peaked at 9.50 in mm on in Saint Bernard, Louisiana. Cindy spawned a large tornado outbreak, including an F2 tornado near Hampton, Georgia, that caused over $40 million in damage at the Atlanta Motor Speedway alone. The same tornado damaged planes and helicopters at Tara Field, as well as hundreds of homes.https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5467460 Event Details: Tornado 2005 National Climatic Data Center May 12, 2020 July 10, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200710232201/https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5467460 live Hurricane Dennis Hurricane Dennis Atl Dennis_2005-07-10_0410Z.jpg Dennis 2005 path.png July 4 July 13 130 930 Tropical Depression Four formed in the southeastern Caribbean late on July 4, and further strengthened into Tropical Storm Dennis early the next day. The storm moved west-northwestward, strengthening into a hurricane on July 6 to the south of Hispaniola. On the next day, Dennis rapidly intensified into a Category 4 hurricane while moving between Jamaica and Haiti. Early on July 8, the hurricane briefly moved over Granma Province in southeastern Cuba. After briefly weakening, Dennis restrengthened to attain peak winds of 150 mph km/h on in the Gulf of Guacanayabo. Later on July 8, Dennis moved ashore again in Matanzas Province. The hurricane crossed Cuba entered the Gulf of Mexico on July 9 as a weakened hurricane. Dennis re-intensified to a secondary peak of 145 mph km/h on on July 10, only to weaken prior to its final landfall later that day near Pensacola, Florida. Dennis weakened and moved through the southeastern United States, the Ohio Valley, and eventually dissipating on July 18 over Ontario.John L. Beven National Hurricane Center September 9, 2014 Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Dennis February 2, 2020 http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL042005_Dennis.pdf October 2, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151002011644/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL042005_Dennis.pdf live The outer rainbands of Dennis produced widespread flooding and landslides in Haiti, killing at least 56 people and leaving US$50 million in damage.International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies ReliefWeb August 9, 2005 November 21, 2015 Caribbean: Hurricanes Dennis & Emily Appeal No. 05EA14 Operations Update No. 3 – Focus on Haiti and Jamaica http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/C29AAF4FE27F09088525705800616F11-ifrc-carib-09aug.pdf https://web.archive.org/web/20160304094510/http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/C29AAF4FE27F09088525705800616F11-ifrc-carib-09aug.pdf March 4, 2016 liveCentre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters 2015 November 21, 2015 International Disaster Database Disasters List http://www.emdat.be/disaster_list/index.html dead https://web.archive.org/web/20150708003828/http://emdat.be/disaster_list/index.html July 8, 2015 Dennis brought torrential rain to Jamaica, reaching 24.54 in mm on in Mavis Bank. One person died in Jamaica, and damage was estimated at US$31.7 million. The storm's heaviest rainfall occurred in Cuba, reaching 1092 mm in on flip.Instituto Nacional de Recursos Hidráulicos 2003 Lluvias intensas observadas y grandes inundaciones reportadas Intense rain observed and major flooding reported es February 10, 2007 http://www.hidro.cu/hidrologia1.htm dead https://web.archive.org/web/20110723032757/http://www.hidro.cu/hidrologia1.htm July 23, 2011 Across the island, Dennis killed 16 people, and left US$1.4 billion in damage, affecting agriculture, tourist areas, infrastructure, and houses.Los Efectos De Los Desastres En 2004 Y 2005: La Necesidad De Adaptacion De Largo Plazo The effects of the disasters in 2004 and 2005: The necessity of long term adaptation United Nations Publications 2006 https://repositorio.cepal.org/handle/11362/4976 20 Ricardo Zapata Marti 9789213229613 February 14, 2023 February 14, 2023 https://web.archive.org/web/20230214210934/https://repositorio.cepal.org/handle/11362/4976 live Dennis moved ashore Florida near where Hurricane Ivan struck ten months prior.Learning From Disaster Federal Highway Administration Steve Jacobitz November 2005 https://highways.dot.gov/public-roads/novemberdecember-2005/learning-disaster May 15, 2020 July 9, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200709093158/https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/05nov/05.cfm dead Damage from Dennis in the United States totaled $2.545 billion, and there were 15 deaths in the country, all but one in Florida. Rainfall in the United States reached 12.80 in mm on near Camden, Alabama. Hurricane Emily Hurricane Emily (2005) Atl Emily 2005-07-16 1845Z.jpg Emily 2005 path.png July 11 July 21 140 929 On July 11, a tropical depression formed east of the Lesser Antilles, which quickly intensified into Tropical Storm Emily. Moving westward, Emily strengthened into a minimal hurricane and struck Grenada at that intensity on July 14. Continuing across the Caribbean Sea, Emily eventually strengthened into a Category 5 hurricane on July 16 to the southwest of Jamaica, reaching peak winds of 160 mph km/h on. Emily weakened after its peak intensity, striking the northeastern Yucatán Peninsula on July 18 with winds of 135 mph km/h on. Emily emerged into the Gulf of Mexico and restrengthened, making another landfall in Mexico on July 18 in Tamaulipas with winds of 125 mph km/h on. A day later, Emily dissipated over land.James L. Franklin Daniel P. Brown March 10, 2006 Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Emily National Hurricane Center February 2, 2020 http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL052005_Emily.pdf October 2, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151002011647/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL052005_Emily.pdf live While moving through the Lesser Antilles, the hurricane produced strong winds and heavy rainfall that caused flooding and landslides across several islands. In Grenada, a man died when a landslide destroyed his house. The hurricane damaged or destroyed 2,641 homes in the country, leaving 167 families homeless.Grenada: Macro-Socio-Economic Assessment of the Damage caused by Hurricane Emily July 14th, 2005 August 2005 Organization of East Caribbean States https://www.eird.org/isdr-biblio/PDF/Grenada%20Macro-socio-economic%20Emily.pdf December 31, 2024 Emily left US$111 million in damage when it struck Grenada.World Food Programme Emergency Report 2005 30 United Nations World Food Programme ReliefWeb July 22, 2005 February 6, 2020 World Food Programme Emergency Report 2005 https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/32B9BC9B73F927BE8525704600654009-wfp-emergency-22jul.pdf https://web.archive.org/web/20200206191731/https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/32B9BC9B73F927BE8525704600654009-wfp-emergency-22jul.pdf February 6, 2020 live Flooding rains killed ten people in Haiti.Radio Kiskeya ReliefWeb fr July 17, 2005 January 5, 2025 Inondations en Haïti : 10 morts et 500 familles sinistrées Flooding in Haiti: 10 dead and 509 families affected https://reliefweb.int/report/haiti/inondations-en-ha%C3%AFti-10-morts-et-500-familles-sinistr%C3%A9es In Jamaica, Emily produced 15.43 in mm on of rainfall; associated flooding killed five people on the island. Collectively, Emily and earlier Hurricane Dennis left about US$96 million (J$6 billion) in damage to Jamaica.https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/166904/ccs_jam_en.pdf;jsessionid=A66E1C1BEDA6866C809DB3F92EFBB9CB?sequence=1 13 November 2010 Country Cooperation Strategy 2010–2015 Pan American Health Organization March 3, 2020 July 9, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200709164849/https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/166904/ccs_jam_en.pdf;jsessionid=A66E1C1BEDA6866C809DB3F92EFBB9CB?sequence=1 live In Honduras, a man drowned in a river swollen by rains from Emily.Agence France-Presse Terra Daily July 19, 2005 August 5, 2011 Hurricane Emily Hits Mexico Resorts; Death Toll Mounts http://www.terradaily.com/news/hurricane-05l.html https://archive.today/20130203125013/http://www.terradaily.com/news/hurricane-05l.html February 3, 2013 live Across Mexico, Emily's damage was estimated at Mex$3.427 billion (US$322 million), resulting in disaster areas across four states. There were five deaths in the country related to Emily.Tim Gaynor Anahi Rama Reuters ReliefWeb July 18, 2005 May 23, 2022 Hurricane Emily lashes Mexican beach resorts https://reliefweb.int/report/mexico/hurricane-emily-lashes-mexican-beach-resortsEl Informador July 16, 2005 May 16, 2022 Protección Civil se Moviliza en Campeche Civil Protection mobilizes in Campeche es http://www.hndm.unam.mx/consulta/publicacion/visualizar/558a3e1d7d1ed64f1716b991?intPagina=2&tipo=pagina&palabras=huracan-emily&anio=2005&mes=07&dia=16 2A Hemeroteca Nacional Digital de Mexico La Jornada https://www.jornada.com.mx/2005/07/23/index.php?section=estados&article=031n1est July 25, 2005 Emily y Eugene dejan 4 muertos en Nuevo León, Tamaulipas y BCS Emily and Eugene leave 4 dead in Nuevo León, Tamaulipas and Baja California Sur January 4, 2025 The outskirts of Emily dropped heavy rainfall in southern Texas, damaging about $4.7 million worth of cotton.United States Department of Agriculture http://www.rma.usda.gov/fcic/2005/805managersreport.pdf August 5, 2005 August 5, 2011 Manager's Report Exhibit No. 2800 https://web.archive.org/web/20130306115836/http://www.rma.usda.gov/fcic/2005/805managersreport.pdf March 6, 2013 dead Tropical Storm Franklin Atl TS Franklin 23 july 2005 1545Z.jpg Franklin 2005 path.png July 21 July 29 60 997 Tropical Depression Six formed northeast of the Bahamas on July 21, originating from a tropical wave that exited the coast of Africa on July 10. The depression quickly intensified into Tropical Storm Franklin, but wind shear disrupted the storm's initial development. As the storm moved to the north and northeast, it intensified; on July 23, Franklin attained peak winds of 70 mph km/h on. Three days later the storm passed west of Bermuda. An approaching trough turned Franklin to the northwest and weakened Franklin to a minimal tropical storm. Franklin restrengthened slightly as it accelerated northeastward. On July 30, the storm transitioned into an extratropical cyclone south of Nova Scotia, and a day later it was absorbed by a larger extratropical storm near Newfoundland.National Hurricane Center March 17, 2006 Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Storm Franklin Richard D. Knabb February 2, 2020 http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL062005_Franklin.pdf October 2, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151002011650/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL062005_Franklin.pdf live On July 26, Bermuda recorded wind gusts of 37 mph km/h on while the storm made its closest approach. The storm brought light rainfall to Newfoundland.Canadian Hurricane Centre Post-Tropical Storm Franklin Intermediate Information Statement Danièle LaFortune July 30, 2005 Environment Canada April 27, 2006 http://www.atl.ec.gc.ca/weather/hurricane/bulletins/20050730143826.Franklin.txt.en dead https://web.archive.org/web/20061002063438/http://www.atl.ec.gc.ca/weather/hurricane/bulletins/20050730143826.Franklin.txt.en October 2, 2006 Tropical Storm Gert Tropical Storm Gert (2005) Atl Gert 2005-07-24 1935Z.jpg Gert 2005 path.png July 23 July 25 40 1005 The same tropical wave that spawned Tropical Storm Franklin later led to the formation of a tropical depression in the Bay of Campeche on July 23. It intensified into Tropical Storm Gert early on July 24, and quickly moved ashore north of Cabo Rojo, Mexico, with 45 mph km/h on winds early on July 25. It continued inland, affecting the same areas impacted by Hurricane Emily just days prior, and quickly dissipated over high terrain at the end of that day.Lixion A. Avila National Hurricane Center August 10, 2005 Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Storm Gert February 2, 2020 http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL072005_Gert.pdf March 4, 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160304200716/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL072005_Gert.pdf live Gert dropped heavy rainfall, reaching 214.9 mm in on flip in San Luis Potosí.https://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/www/tcp/documents/FINAL-REPORT-HC-28.pdf Final Report of the RA IV Hurricane Committee Twenty-Eighth Session 2006 February 6, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20160303184209/http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/www/tcp/documents/FINAL-REPORT-HC-28.pdf March 3, 2016 dead Gert caused about US$6 million ($60 million 2005 MXN) in damage,González Olivo Marisol http://www.diarioveracruz.com/REGIONAL-ANUARIO%204P.htm Veracruz: entre catástrofes naturales y políticas es Veracruz: between natural and political disasters https://web.archive.org/web/20070504063312/http://www.diarioveracruz.com/REGIONAL-ANUARIO%204P.htm May 4, 2007 dead November 25, 2006 November 25, 2006 and resulted in one fatality in Nuevo León.El Siglo de Torreón July 27, 2005 Deja Gert un muerto en NL Gert leaves one dead in Nuevo León es February 10, 2020 https://www.elsiglodetorreon.com.mx/noticia/161394.deja-gert-un-muerto-en-nl.html https://web.archive.org/web/20200303212514/https://www.elsiglodetorreon.com.mx/noticia/161394.deja-gert-un-muerto-en-nl.html March 3, 2020 live Tropical Storm Harvey Atl Harvey 2005-08-04 1741Z.jpg Harvey 2005 path.png August 2 August 8 55 994 Tropical Depression Eight formed on August 2 southwest of Bermuda from a tropical wave that left the African coast on July 22. The depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Harvey on August 3 while moving northeastward.Richard D. Knabb Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Storm Harvey March 17, 2006 National Hurricane Center February 8, 2020 http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL082005_Harvey.pdf October 2, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151002011654/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL082005_Harvey.pdf live Due to strong wind shear, Harvey initially exhibited subtropical characteristics.James L. Franklin Tropical Depression Eight Discussion Number 1 National Hurricane Center February 8, 2020 http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2005/dis/al082005.discus.001.shtml August 2, 2005 https://web.archive.org/web/20120928052914/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2005/dis/al082005.discus.001.shtml September 28, 2012 live On August 4, Harvey passed 45 mi km south of Bermuda. After moving away from the island, Harvey attained peak winds of 65 mph km/h on late on August 4 and continued northeastward for a few days, transitioning into an extratropical storm on August 9. The storm gradually weakened and eventually dissipated northwest of the Azores on August 14. In Bermuda, Harvey dropped 5.02 in mm on of rainfall at Bermuda International Airport, flooding some roads. Sustained winds on the island reached 45 mph km/h on. Hurricane Irene Atl Irene 2005-08-16 1456Z (large).jpg Irene 2005 path.png August 4 August 18 90 970 A tropical wave exited west Africa on August 1, and three days later developed into a tropical depression to the southwest of the Cabo Verde islands. Despite wind shear, the depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Irene on August 7 as it moved northwestward. Dry air weakened Irene back to tropical depression status, but after reaching warmer waters, it restrengthened into a tropical storm on August 11. A weakness in the subtropical ridge allowed Irene to turn sharply northward, which caused the storm to pass midway between the Outer Banks of North Carolina and Bermuda on August 15. After a decrease in wind shear, Irene strengthened into a hurricane on August 16, reaching peak winds of 105 mph (170 km/h) and a minimum pressure of 970 mbar inHg on. It again encountered wind shear, causing it to weaken back to tropical storm status on August 18. That day, Irene was absorbed by a larger extratropical storm southeast of Newfoundland.Stacy R. Stewart National Hurricane Center January 20, 2006 Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Irene February 2, 2020 http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL092005_Irene.pdf October 2, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151002011659/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL092005_Irene.pdf liveDiscussion for Tropical Depression Nine, 11:00 a.m. EDT, August 05 2005 http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2005/dis/al092005.discus.004.shtml live https://web.archive.org/web/20050911073154/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2005/dis/al092005.discus.004.shtml September 11, 2005 April 24, 2006 National Hurricane Center; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration The hurricane generated strong waves and rip currents along the East Coast of the United States. Near Long Beach, New York, rip currents near Long Beach killed a 16-year-old boy. Many beaches in New Jersey restricted swimming activities, and lifeguards at one beach performed more than a hundred rescues over a three-day period.August 16, 2005 Hurricane Irene Affecting Jersey Shore WPVI-TV Associated Press http://abclocal.go.com/wpvi/story?section=local&id=3353400 dead May 10, 2006 https://web.archive.org/web/20060902114705/http://abclocal.go.com/wpvi/story?section=local&id=3353400 September 2, 2006Richard Weir Michael White New York Daily News August 16, 2005 December 29, 2009 Lost Boy's Body Found On Shore http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/boroughs/lost-boy-body-found-shore-article-1.555381 https://web.archive.org/web/20140409094033/http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/boroughs/lost-boy-body-found-shore-article-1.555381 April 9, 2014 live Tropical Depression Ten Atl 10L 2005-08-13 1550Z.jpg 10L 2005 path.png August 13 August 14 30 1008 Tropical Depression Ten formed between the Lesser Antilles and Cape Verde on August 13 from a tropical wave that entered the Atlantic five days earlier. The depression moved slowly westward in an environment of strong vertical shear. Some weather models predicted relaxing shear and intensification of the system;Stewart Stacy R. Tropical Depression Ten Discussion Number 2 https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2005/dis/al102005.discus.002.shtml National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Hurricane Center August 13, 2005 January 21, 2008 Miami, Florida https://web.archive.org/web/20070904040441/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2005/dis/al102005.discus.002.shtml September 4, 2007 live however, the hostile conditions ripped the system apart, causing the depression to degenerate into a remnant low, and the NHC discontinued advisories on August 14, when no organized deep convection remained. The remnants of Tropical Depression Ten continued drifting northwestward, before degenerating further into a tropical wave north of the Leeward Islands, on August 18. Soon afterward, the low-level and mid-level circulations split, with the mid-level circulation lagging behind to the east. The remnant low-level circulation continued westward, before dissipating near Cuba on August 21. Producing occasional bursts of convection, the mid-level remnant circulation eventually merged with another tropical wave, which later produced Hurricane Katrina, approaching from the east, on August 19.John L. Beven January 17, 2006 Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Depression Ten National Hurricane Center February 2, 2020 http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL102005_Ten.pdf October 2, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151002011702/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL102005_Ten.pdf live Tropical Storm Jose Tropical Storm Jose (2005) Atl Jose 2005-08-23 0435Z.jpg Jose 2005 path.png August 22 August 23 50 998 A tropical depression developed in the Bay of Campeche on August 22, which quickly strengthened into Tropical Storm Jose. The storm reached a maximum strength of 60 mph km/h on. Jose made landfall in the Mexican state of Veracruz near the Laguna Verde Nuclear Power Station on August 23, and rapidly dissipated over land. While drenching Mexico's Gulf coast, Jose forced some 25,000 residents from their homes in Veracruz state and damaged at least 16,000 homes in the state.Tropical storm Jose hits Mexico, loses power Reuters August 23, 2005 http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/N23540113.htm February 8, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20051023004648/http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/N23540113.htm October 23, 2005 dead Jose killed 11 people in Veracruz and 5 in Oaxaca.James L. Franklin National Hurricane Center January 13, 2006 Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Storm Jose February 2, 2020 http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL112005_Jose.pdf October 2, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151002011703/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL112005_Jose.pdf live Damage in Mexico totaled roughly $45 million.Estiman daños en Veracruz por 500 millones de pesos Damage in Veracruz estimated at 500 million pesos August 26, 2005 El Universal Teorema Ambiental February 8, 2020 http://www.teorema.com.mx/articulos.php?id_sec=44&id_art=184 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20070930065725/http://www.teorema.com.mx/articulos.php?id_sec=44&id_art=184 September 30, 2007 es Hurricane Katrina Hurricane Katrina Atl Katrina 2005-08-28 1700Z.jpg Katrina 2005 path.png August 23 August 30 150 902 A tropical depression developed on August 23 from the complex interaction of a tropical wave, the mid-level remnants of Tropical Depression Ten, and a nearby upper-level trough. The depression became a tropical storm on August 24 and a hurricane on August 25, making landfall as a Category 1 hurricane in southeastern Florida. Katrina imparted about $500 million in crop and infrastructure damage to the state.September 19, 2005 February 20, 2020 A Preliminary Assessment of the Effects of Katrina and Drought on U.S. Agriculture https://www.usda.gov/oce/newsroom/archives/releases/2007files/Katrinadamage_1_2.pdf United States Department of Agriculture https://web.archive.org/web/20200213110005/https://www.usda.gov/oce/newsroom/archives/releases/2007files/Katrinadamage_1_2.pdf February 13, 2020 deadEvent Report for Florida February 20, 2020 https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5470157 National Climatic Data Center https://web.archive.org/web/20170618120206/https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5470157 June 18, 2017 live The hurricane quickly crossed Florida and emerged into the Gulf of Mexico. Katrina rapidly intensified to Category 5 status early on August 28, becoming the seventh most intense Atlantic hurricane. Turning northward, the hurricane weakened as it approached the northern Gulf Coast. On August 29 at 11:10 UTC, Katrina made landfall in southeastern Louisiana as a Category 3 hurricane, with 125 mph km/h on winds, and a barometric pressure of 920 mbar inHg on; it was the third lowest pressure for a landfalling United States hurricane at the time, and fourth as of 2018. Katrina then crossed the Breton Sound, making a third and final landfall with 120 mph km/h on winds near Pearlington, Mississippi. The cyclone quickly weakened after moving inland and became extratropical over Kentucky on August 30.Richard D. Knabb Jamie R. Rhome Daniel P. Brown National Hurricane Center September 14, 2011 Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Katrina February 2, 2020 http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL122005_Katrina.pdf October 2, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151002011705/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL122005_Katrina.pdf live On August 28, the New Orleans National Weather Service issued an urgent weather bulletin describing potentially catastrophic impacts, comparing Katrina to Hurricane Camille of 1969. That same day, New Orleans mayor Ray Nagin issued the city's first-ever mandatory evacuation. About 80% of the city and 83% of neighboring Jefferson Parish evacuated ahead of the storm.https://www.weather.gov/media/publications/assessments/Katrina.pdf Hurricane Katrina Service Assessment National Weather Service June 2006 May 12, 2020 October 18, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20201018033308/https://www.weather.gov/media/publications/assessments/Katrina.pdf live The hurricane left catastrophic damage across southern Louisiana, with more than 300,000 houses damaged or destroyed; most of these were in Orleans Parish.http://www.huduser.org/publications/pdf/GulfCoast_Hsngdmgest.pdf Current Housing Unit Damage Estimates, Hurricanes Katrina, Rita, and Wilma United States Department of Housing and Urban Development February 12, 2006 February 9, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20070926231657/http://www.huduser.org/Publications/pdf/GulfCoast_HsngDmgEst.pdf September 26, 2007 live In New Orleans, a storm surge breached the levees along the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway and 17th Street and London Avenue Canals, flooding about 80% of the city. Portions of the city remained underwater for 43 days. The Mississippi and Alabama coastlines also suffered catastrophic damage from the storm's 30 ft m on storm surge, with very few structures remaining on the coast of the former. Across the region, the hurricane flooded and ruined about 350,000 vehicles. About 2.4 million people lost access to clean drinking water.Erik D. Olson National Resources Defense Council The Environmental Effects of Hurricane Katrina October 6, 2005 May 14, 2020 https://www.nrdc.org/sites/default/files/leg_05100601A.pdf July 12, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200712223110/https://www.nrdc.org/sites/default/files/leg_05100601A.pdf live Katrina also spawned an outbreak of 62 tornadoes across the eight states in the eastern United States. Hurricane Katrina imparted catastrophic damage in portions of Louisiana and Mississippi. Total damage has been estimated at $125 billion, making Katrina the costliest hurricane in U.S. history, surpassing Andrew in 1992 and later tied by Harvey in 2017. Throughout the United States, Katrina killed 1,392 people, making it one of the deadliest hurricanes in the United States,John L. II Beven Lixion A. Avila Eric S. Blake Daniel P. Brown James L. Franklin Richard D. Knabb Richard J. Pasch Jamie R. Rhome Stacy R. Stewart 6 March 2008 Annual Summary: Atlantic Hurricane Season of 2005 Monthly Weather Review 136 3 1131–1141 July 6, 2014 http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/general/lib/lib1/nhclib/mwreviews/2005.pdf 10.1175/2007MWR2074.1 2008MWRv..136.1109B https://web.archive.org/web/20080910002905/http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/general/lib/lib1/nhclib/mwreviews/2005.pdf September 10, 2008 liveJoan Brunkard Gonza Namulanda Raoult Ratard Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness August 28, 2008 Hurricane Katrina deaths, Louisiana, 2005 10.1097/DMP.0b013e31818aaf55 2 4 215–223 18756175 freeChristopher Landsea 2005 http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/tcfaq/E12.html AOML Frequently Asked Questions, E12 United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration April 3, 2006 https://web.archive.org/web/20060422015918/http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/tcfaq/E12.html April 22, 2006 live and the deadliest American hurricane since 1928. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) managed the aftermath of the hurricane, and faced criticism for its response time, lack of coordination with state agencies, supply shortages, and insufficient housing for federal workers.April 14, 2006 Report: Criticism of FEMA's Katrina response deserved Mike M. Ahlers CNN May 14, 2020 https://www.cnn.com/2006/POLITICS/04/14/fema.ig/ March 21, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200321175947/http://www.cnn.com/2006/POLITICS/04/14/fema.ig/ live Tens of thousands of people lost their jobs following the hurricane. Residents across the New Orleans area suffered health effects, including rashes and respiratory problems, from polluted water and air following the hurricane. Katrina forced about 800,000 people to move temporarily, which was the greatest number of displaced people in the country since the Dust Bowl. The United States federal government spent $110.6 billion in relief, recovery and rebuilding efforts, including $16 billion toward rebuilding houses, which was the nation's largest ever housing recovery project. Within a year of the storm, most of the levees were largely repaired.Hurricane Katrina: What Government Is Doing United States Department of State https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/150082.pdf September 24, 2006 May 13, 2020 July 10, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200710234334/https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/150082.pdf live Various countries and international agencies sent supplies or financial aid to assist in the hurricane response.BBC News September 2, 2005 May 14, 2020 World mobilises to aid US victims http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/4210264.stm July 11, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200711132650/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/4210264.stm live Tropical Storm Lee Atl Lee 2005-08-31 1415Z.jpg Lee 2005 path.png August 28 September 2 35 1006 A tropical wave moved off the coast of Africa on August 24. It developed into Tropical Depression Thirteen on August 28 while 960 mi km east of the Lesser Antilles. Strong wind shear prevented much organization, and the depression degenerated into a low pressure area late on August 29. The remnants moved to the north and northeast, steered by a larger non-tropical system to the north. The convection increased on August 31; that day the system regenerated into a tropical depression, which strengthened further into Tropical Storm Lee. The storm attained peak winds of 40 mph km/h on while located between Bermuda and the Azores. After 12 hours as a tropical storm, Lee weakened back to a tropical depression as it turned to the northwest, steered by the larger non-tropical storm. On September 2, the depression degenerated into a remnant low, which was absorbed by a cold front two days later.Lixion A. Avila National Hurricane Center Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Storm Lee December 7, 2005 April 25, 2006 http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL132005_Lee.pdf October 2, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151002011718/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL132005_Lee.pdf live Hurricane Maria Hatlestad Slide Atl File:Maria_2005-09-06_0135Z.jpg Maria 2005 path.png September 1 September 10 100 962 A powerful tropical wave moved off the coast of Africa on August 27. As it moved west into the Atlantic, it became more organized and the system developed into Tropical Depression Fourteen about midway between Cape Verde and the Lesser Antilles on September 1. Shear from an upper-level low to the southwest slowed the development.National Hurricane Center Discussion for Tropical Depression Fourteen, 11:00 a.m. EDT, September 1, 2005 NOAA May 7, 2006 http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2005/dis/al142005.discus.001.shtml The depression gradually strengthened as it moved to the northwest across the open Atlantic Ocean, becoming Tropical Storm Maria on September 2 and reaching hurricane strength on September 4. In the central Atlantic, Hurricane Maria continued to strengthen in favorable conditions, and on September 5 briefly became a Category 3 hurricane with 115 mph km/h on winds while 480 mi km east of Bermuda. Increasing shear and cooler waters caused the storm to rapidly weaken to a minimal hurricane on September 7. The interaction with a trough caused Maria to restrengthen slightly, as it curved to the northeast, moving around the subtropical ridge. Maria then weakened to a tropical storm, transitioning into an extratropical cyclone on September 10. The former hurricane restrengthened over the northern Atlantic Ocean, only to weaken again as the storm passed south of Iceland. On September 14, the extratropical storm that was once Maria merged with another extratropical storm while approaching Norway. The remnants of Maria brought resulted in heavy rainfall to Norway, triggering a landslide in Bergen that killed three people and injured seven others.Richard J. Pasch Eric S. Blake February 8, 2006 Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Maria National Hurricane Center February 2, 2020 PDF October 2, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151002011720/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL142005_Maria.pdf live AL142005_MariaAgence France-Presse September 14, 2005 Weakened Hurricane Maria Leaves One Dead In Norway Terra Daily February 10, 2020 http://www.terradaily.com/news/hurricane-05zzv.html https://archive.today/20130203145901/http://www.terradaily.com/news/hurricane-05zzv.html February 3, 2013 liveMay 31, 2011 Climate Change and Territorial Effects on Regions and Local Economies Ove Langeland Per Medby Bjørg Langset European Observation Network February 10, 2020 http://www.espon.eu/export/sites/default/Documents/Projects/AppliedResearch/CLIMATE/ESPON_Climate_Final_Report_Annex5_Bergen_Case_Study.pdf https://web.archive.org/web/20160307000334/https://www.espon.eu/export/sites/default/Documents/Projects/AppliedResearch/CLIMATE/ESPON_Climate_Final_Report_Annex5_Bergen_Case_Study.pdf March 7, 2016 Hurricane Nate Hurricane Nate (2005) Atl Nate 2005-09-07 1730Z (cropped).jpg Nate 2005 path.png September 5 September 10 80 979 A tropical depression formed on September 5 south-southwest of Bermuda on September 5. It quickly intensified into Tropical Storm Nate, which moved slowly northeastward. On September 7, Nate intensified into the seventh hurricane of the season. A day later, the hurricane passed southeast of Bermuda,Stacy R. Stewart November 29, 2005 Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Nate National Hurricane Center February 2, 2020 http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL152005_Nate.pdf October 2, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151002011734/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL152005_Nate.pdf live where it produced wind gusts of 50 mph km/h on.Hurricane Nate spares Bermuda, passes well south of island September 8, 2005 Associated Press January 5, 2009 http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-112955376.html https://web.archive.org/web/20121022212734/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-112955376.html HighBeam Research subscription usurped AP Worldstream October 22, 2012 Early on September 9, Nate attained peak winds of 90 mph km/h on, before weakening due to an approaching trough. On September 10, Nate transitioned into an extratropical storm, which was absorbed by a larger extratropical storm near the Azores on September 13. Canadian Navy ships headed to the U.S. Gulf Coast to help in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina were slowed down trying to avoid Nate and Ophelia.previously cited source was unverifiable: dead, supported by archive from a deprecated service that didn't actually contain the relevant content March 2026 Rip currents caused by hurricanes Nate and Maria killed one person in New Jersey and severely injured another person.Rip Current Event Report for New Jersey National Climatic Data Center February 10, 2020 https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5474156 July 11, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200711070138/https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5474156 live Hurricane Ophelia Hurricane Ophelia (2005) Atl Ophelia 2005-09-14 1605Z.jpg Ophelia 2005 path.png September 6 September 17 75 976 Tropical Depression Sixteen formed over the northern Bahamas on September 6. The depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Ophelia on September 7 and briefly into a hurricane on September 9. Ophelia fluctuated between hurricane and tropical storm intensity for the next week as it meandered off the southeastern United States. Twice it attained peak winds of 85 mph km/h on. On September 14, the northern eyewall moved over the North Carolina coast from Wilmington to Morehead City. After moving away from the state, Ophelia weakened to tropical storm status due to stronger wind shear and dry air. The storm accelerated northeastward and passed southeast of Cape Cod. Ophelia transitioned into an extratropical storm on September 18 and subsequently crossed Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, eventually dissipating on September 23 north of the Scandinavian Peninsula.John L. Beven Hugh D. III Cobb Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Ophelia National Hurricane Center February 2, 2020 http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL162005_Ophelia.pdf June 14, 2006 October 2, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151002011736/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL162005_Ophelia.pdf live Ophelia caused significant coastal erosion from the churning waves. The hurricane caused extensive damage in the Outer Banks and around Cape Fear. Damage in the United States was estimated at $70 million. The storm's remnants produced strong winds and heavy rain over Atlantic Canada. Ophelia killed three people – a drowning in Florida from high surf, a traffic fatality in North Carolina, and a death from a fall in Nova Scotia.Ophelia Comes Knocking ... and Knocking ... Knocking September 16, 2005 Margaret Lillard Associated Press February 17, 2020 https://products.kitsapsun.com/archive/2005/09-16/68085_ophelia_comes_knocking_____and_k.html https://web.archive.org/web/20200218015215/https://products.kitsapsun.com/archive/2005/09-16/68085_ophelia_comes_knocking_____and_k.html February 18, 2020 live Hurricane Philippe Atl Philippe 2005-09-19 1445Z.jpg Philippe 2005 path.png September 17 September 23 70 985 On September 17, Tropical Depression Seventeen formed from a tropical wave about 350 mi km east of Barbados. It quickly intensified into Tropical Storm Philippe while taking a track to the north-northwest. Early on September 19, Philippe attained hurricane status and reached peak winds of 80 mph km/h on a day later. Wind shear from an upper-level low caused the hurricane to weaken back to a tropical storm, exposing the center from the convection. On September 21, Philippe accelerated to the north and began moving around the upper-level low, which had extended to the surface and developed into a non-tropical cyclone. The storm briefly threatened Bermuda as it turned to the northwest and began a counterclockwise loop. On September 23, Philippe weakened to a tropical depression and later a remnant low; it was absorbed by the larger non-tropical cyclone a day later.James L. Franklin Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Philippe National Hurricane Center February 2, 2020 http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL172005_Philippe.pdf February 9, 2006 October 2, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151002011739/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL172005_Philippe.pdf live Philippe brought gusty winds and moisture to Bermuda, with 0.15 in mm of precipitation reported on September 23. The circulation that absorbed Philippe dropped light rainfall on the island, and was responsible for the lowest barometric pressure during the month.Bermuda Weather Service 2005 Weather Summary for September 2005 April 24, 2008 http://www.weather.bm/data/2005-09.html dead https://web.archive.org/web/20110706151347/http://www.weather.bm/data/2005-09.html July 6, 2011 Hurricane Rita Hurricane Rita Hurricane Rita tornado outbreak Hurricane Rita evacuation Atl File:Rita 2005-09-21 1915Z.jpg Rita 2005 path.png September 18 September 26 155 895 A tropical depression formed on September 18 near the Turks and Caicos Islands on September 18, and soon strengthened into Tropical Storm Rita. Moving to the west-northwest, Rita continued to intensify, becoming a hurricane on September 20 between Cuba and Florida. Rapid intensification ensued as Rita moved into the Gulf of Mexico. Late on September 21, Rita strengthened into a Category 5 hurricane, and the next day it attained peak winds of 180 mph km/h on. Its minimum pressure of 895 mbar hPa inHg on was the lowest of any storm in the Gulf of Mexico on record, later being tied with Hurricane Milton in 2024.Hurricane Rita https://www.weather.gov/lch/rita_main Tropical Weather National Weather Service Lake Charles, Louisiana February 22, 2020 Lake Charles, Louisiana https://web.archive.org/web/20200222164947/https://www.weather.gov/lch/rita_main February 22, 2020 liveJohn L. II Beven Laura Alaka Cody Fritz March 31, 2025 Hurricane Milton Tropical Cyclone Report https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL142024_Milton.pdf March 31, 2025 National Hurricane Center The hurricane weakened as it approached the northwest Gulf Coast. On September 24, Rita made landfall near the Texas–Louisiana border with sustained winds of 115 mph km/h on. It rapidly weakened over land as it turned to the north and northeast, and was later absorbed by an approaching cold front on September 26 over Illinois.Richard D. Knabb Daniel P. Brown Jamie R. Rhome September 14, 2011 Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Rita National Hurricane Center February 2, 2020 http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL182005_Rita.pdf October 2, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151002011744/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL182005_Rita.pdf live Across the United States, Rita imparted $18.5 billion in damage and killed 120 people, although only seven deaths were directly related to the hurricane.Costliest U.S. tropical cyclones tables updated https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/news/UpdatedCostliest.pdf National Hurricane Center January 26, 2018 February 20, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20180127083930/https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/news/UpdatedCostliest.pdf January 27, 2018 liveClimatology of Tropical Storm/Hurricane Remnants in Central and Southeast Illinois https://www.weather.gov/ilx/tropical_climo Central Illinois Weather Forecast Office February 24, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200224163049/https://www.weather.gov/ilx/tropical_climo February 24, 2020 live Early in its evolution, Rita flooded houses in northern Cuba and the Florida Keys.Cuba En Cuentro September 22, 2005 April 20, 2009 El huracán Rita afectó a ocho provincias Hurricane Rita affected eight provinces http://www.cubaencuentro.com/es/cuba/noticias/el-huracan-rita-afecto-a-ocho-provincias-5211 es https://web.archive.org/web/20110708213351/http://www.cubaencuentro.com/es/cuba/noticias/el-huracan-rita-afecto-a-ocho-provincias-5211 July 8, 2011 live Rita's approach to the U.S. Gulf Coast prompted one of the largest mass evacuations in the country's history, with an estimated 3.7 million people fleeing the Texas coast between Corpus Christi and Beaumont.79 2 Evacuation Planning in Texas: Before and After Hurricane Rita https://hro.house.texas.gov/interim/int79-2.pdf House Research Organization Texas House of Representatives February 22, 2020 Austin, Texas February 14, 2006 https://web.archive.org/web/20180825055905/https://hro.house.texas.gov/interim/int79-2.pdf August 25, 2018 live Due in part to high temperatures preceding Rita's landfall and elderly susceptibility to excessive heat, at least 80 people died during the mass evacuation;Rappaport Edward N. Blanchard B. Wayne Fatalities in the United States Indirectly Associated with Atlantic Tropical Cyclones Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society July 2016 97 7 1139–1148 10.1175/BAMS-D-15-00042.1 American Meteorological Society 2016BAMS...97.1139R free a coach fire en route to Dallas claimed 23 lives.Motorcoach Fire on Interstate 45 During Hurricane Rita Evacuation Near Wilmer, Texas https://www.ntsb.gov/investigations/AccidentReports/Reports/HAR0701.pdf National Transportation Safety Board February 22, 2020 Washington, D. C. Accident Report NTSB/HAR-07/01 February 21, 2007 https://web.archive.org/web/20170430142019/https://www.ntsb.gov/investigations/AccidentReports/Reports/HAR0701.pdf April 30, 2017 live Rita generated a 15 ft m on storm surge that devastated parts of Cameron Parish in Louisiana,Roth David M. Louisiana Hurricane History https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/research/lahur.pdf Weather Prediction Center National Weather Service February 22, 2020 Camp Springs, Maryland April 8, 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20200403164213/https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/research/lahur.pdf April 3, 2020 live destroying most structures in towns like Cameron and Holly Beach. Storm surge also damaged homes in adjoining Jefferson County in Texas. In New Orleans, Rita produced additional flooding and overtopped levees that had been repaired after Hurricane Katrina a month earlier. Impacts from heavy rainfall, gusty winds, and tornadoes associated with Rita affected much of the lower Mississippi River Valley, and over a million electricity customers lost power. A third of Cameron Parish's population left the parish following the devastation wrought by Rita.Gunn Billy A smaller Cameron Parish emerges 10 years after Hurricane Rita's devastation https://www.theadvocate.com/acadiana/news/article_5c3e5bdb-a239-5f8e-8733-2c1e9281be5d.html May 21, 2020 The Acadiana Advocate The Advocate September 27, 2015 Cameron, Louisiana November 4, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20201104160155/https://www.theadvocate.com/acadiana/news/article_5c3e5bdb-a239-5f8e-8733-2c1e9281be5d.html live Tropical Depression Nineteen Atl 19L 2005-09-30 1253Z.jpg 19L 2005 path.png September 30 October 2 30 1006 On September 30, a tropical wave developed into Tropical Depression Nineteen to the west of Cabo Verde. The newly formed cyclone exhibited deep convection in the southern semicircle,Richard D. Knabb Daniel P. Brown Tropical Depression Nineteen Discussion Number 1 https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2005/dis/al192005.discus.001.shtml National Hurricane Center September 30, 2005 March 13, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200329095245/https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2005/dis/al192005.discus.001.shtml March 29, 2020 live but its cloud pattern quickly deteriorated under the influence of strong wind shear. The system moved northwestward and failed to intensify beyond winds of 35 mph km/h on, instead dissipating on October 2 without affecting land.Lixion A. Avila January 1, 2006 Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Depression Nineteen National Hurricane Center February 2, 2020 http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL192005_Nineteen.pdf October 2, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151002011748/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL192005_Nineteen.pdf live Hurricane Stan Hurricane Stan Atl Stan 2005-10-04 0755Z.jpg Stan 2005 path.png October 1 October 5 70 977 A tropical depression formed southeast of Cozumel on October 1, and quickly strengthened into Tropical Storm Stan before hitting the Yucatan Peninsula. Stan weakened to a tropical depression over land, but soon re-intensified over water. Stan became a hurricane, attaining peak winds of 80 mph (130 km/h), before making a second landfall in the Mexican state of Veracruz early on October 4. Stan rapidly weakened over land, dissipating early on October 5. Stan killed 80 people in Mexico, and damage in the county was estimated at US$1.2 billion ($13.2 billion MXN). Stan was associated with a larger weather system across eastern Mexico and Central America.Richard J. Pasch David P. Roberts February 14, 2006 Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Stan National Hurricane Center February 2, 2020 http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL202005_Stan.pdf October 2, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151002011801/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL202005_Stan.pdf live Torrential rainfall across this region killed 1,513 people in Guatemala,One year after Stan, Guatemala needs more assistance United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs https://reliefweb.int/report/guatemala/one-year-after-stan-guatemala-needs-more-assistance ReliefWeb October 10, 2006 February 21, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200222023544/https://reliefweb.int/report/guatemala/one-year-after-stan-guatemala-needs-more-assistance February 22, 2020 live making it the deadliest natural disaster in the country's history.At least 500 Dead in Guatemalan Mudslides, Death Toll Expected to Rise October 29, 2005 Voice of America February 21, 2020 https://www.voanews.com/archive/least-500-dead-guatemalan-mudslides-death-toll-expected-rise https://web.archive.org/web/20200222033001/https://www.voanews.com/archive/least-500-dead-guatemalan-mudslides-death-toll-expected-rise February 22, 2020 dead Damage in Guatemala was estimated at US$996 million.8 https://www.gfdrr.org/sites/default/files/publication/climate-change-country-profile-2011-guatemala.pdf Vulnerability, Risk Reduction, and Adaptation to Climate Change Guatemala Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery April 2011 March 3, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200222032100/https://www.gfdrr.org/sites/default/files/publication/climate-change-country-profile-2011-guatemala.pdf February 22, 2020 live El Salvador's Santa Ana Volcano erupted on October 1, occurring simultaneous to the flooding.Central America – Hurricane Stan and volcanic eruption Baptist World Aid October 11, 2005 February 21, 2020 https://reliefweb.int/report/el-salvador/central-america-hurricane-stan-and-volcanic-eruption https://web.archive.org/web/20200222032602/https://reliefweb.int/report/el-salvador/central-america-hurricane-stan-and-volcanic-eruption February 22, 2020 live The flooding killed 69 people in the country, and damage from the two disasters was estimated at US$355.6 million.May 3, 2006 Humanitarian assistance and rehabilitation for El Salvador and Guatemala – UN SG Report (A/61/78-E/2006/61) United Nations General Assembly ReliefWeb February 28, 2020 https://reliefweb.int/report/el-salvador/humanitarian-assistance-and-rehabilitation-el-salvador-and-guatemala-un-sg-report https://web.archive.org/web/20200228152457/https://reliefweb.int/report/el-salvador/humanitarian-assistance-and-rehabilitation-el-salvador-and-guatemala-un-sg-report February 28, 2020 livehttps://reliefweb.int/report/guatemala/central-america-and-mexico-floods-fact-sheet-3-fiscal-year-fy-2006 Central America and Mexico – Floods Fact Sheet #3, Fiscal Year (FY) 2006 October 18, 2005 United States Agency for International Development February 21, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200222023844/https://reliefweb.int/report/guatemala/central-america-and-mexico-floods-fact-sheet-3-fiscal-year-fy-2006 February 22, 2020 live In Honduras, the weather system killed seven people and left US$100 million in damage.172 https://www.gfdrr.org/sites/default/files/publication/drm-country-note-2010-honduras.pdf Disaster Risk Management in Latin America and the Caribbean Region: GFDRR Country Notes Honduras Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery 2010 February 28, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200228150634/https://www.gfdrr.org/sites/default/files/publication/drm-country-note-2010-honduras.pdf February 28, 2020 live There were also three deaths in Nicaragua and one in Costa Rica.American Red Cross American Red Cross int'l response: Hurricane Stan – Mexico, Central America 21 Oct 2005 October 21, 2005 ReliefWeb https://reliefweb.int/report/mexico/american-red-cross-intl-response-hurricane-stan-mexico-central-america-21-oct-2005 February 21, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200222025216/https://reliefweb.int/report/mexico/american-red-cross-intl-response-hurricane-stan-mexico-central-america-21-oct-2005 February 22, 2020 live Road damage in Costa Rica from Stan and earlier Hurricane Rita was estimated at US$57 million (₡28 billion (CRC).Nation is short $51 million to repair roads A.M. Costa Rica November 16, 2005 February 28, 2020 http://www.amcostarica.com/111605.htm https://web.archive.org/web/20190901235339/http://www.amcostarica.com/111605.htm September 1, 2019 live Unnamed subtropical storm Atl subtropical 21L 2005-10-04 1222Z (large).jpg 21L 2005 path.png October 4 October 5 45 997 On September 28, an upper-level low formed west of the Canary Islands and moved to the west-northwest. Two days later, the low spawned a surface trough along with scattered convection. Late on October 3, a surface low formed about 460 mi (740 km) southwest of São Miguel Island in the Azores. It organized into a subtropical depression early on October 4, based on the system's broad wind field. It turned to the northeast ahead of an approaching cold front, and soon strengthened into a subtropical storm. The storm reached peak winds of 50 mph (85 km/h) as it moved through the eastern Azores. Santa Maria Island reported wind gusts of 59 mph (94 km/h). Early on October 5, the storm merged with the cold front, and later that day, its remains were absorbed by a non-tropical low. The low that absorbed the storm would eventually become Hurricane Vince.John L. Beven Eric S. Blake April 10, 2006 Tropical Cyclone Report: Unnamed Subtropical Storm National Hurricane Center February 2, 2020 http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL212005_Unnamed.pdf October 2, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151002011806/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL212005_Unnamed.pdf live This system was not noted during the season. It was identified by the National Hurricane Center as a subtropical storm during post-season analysis. Tropical Storm Tammy Tropical Storm Tammy (2005) Atl Tammy 2005-10-05 1625Z.jpg Tammy 2005 path.png October 5 October 6 45 1001 On October 5, Tropical Storm Tammy developed east of Florida following the interaction of a tropical wave and an upper-level trough. That day, it strengthened to reach peak winds of 50 mph km/h on and made landfall near Jacksonville, Florida. Tammy weakened as it moved inland, crossing southern Georgia and Alabama. It was absorbed by a larger extratropical storm on October 6. Tammy dropped locally heavy rainfall along its path, causing minor damage.Stacy R. Stewart January 28, 2006 Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Storm Tammy National Hurricane Center February 2, 2020 http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL222005_Tammy.pdf October 2, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151002011813/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL222005_Tammy.pdf live The frontal system that absorbed Tammy was a partial cause for severe flooding in New York, New Jersey and New England that killed 10 people in mid-October.https://www.weather.gov/aly/MajorFloods Major Floods National Weather Service Albany, New York February 14, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200215042513/https://www.weather.gov/aly/MajorFloods February 15, 2020 livehttps://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/hazards/200510 Global Hazards And Significant Events October 2005 National Climatic Data Center February 14, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200215042508/https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/hazards/200510 February 15, 2020 live Subtropical Depression Twenty-Two Atl subtropical 22L 2005-10-08 1647Z.jpg 22L 2005 path.png October 8 October 10 30 1008 A surface trough developed on October 6, partially aided by outflow from Tropical Storm Tammy. It organized enough to be classified Subtropical Depression Twenty-Two on October 8, about 450 mi km southeast of Bermuda on October 8. The NHC classified it subtropical due to the nearby presence of an upper-level low. The depression encountered strong wind shear, and it degenerated into a remnant low on October 10 about 175 mi (280 km) southwest of Bermuda. The low merged with a cold front on October 11, and over the next three days it meandered off the east coast of the United States. On October 14, a larger extratropical storm absorbed the former subtropical depression.John L. Beven January 17, 2006 Tropical Cyclone Report: Subtropical Depression Twenty-Two National Hurricane Center February 2, 2020 http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL232005_Twenty-Two.pdf October 2, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151002011816/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL232005_Twenty-Two.pdf live The system produced heavy rainfall across the northeastern United States from October 14 to 16, reaching over 6 in mm on, just days after the region received rainfall from the remnants of Tropical Storm Tammy.Army Corps of Engineers https://reservoircontrol.usace.army.mil/nae_ords/cwmsweb/utility.g?p_path=2005.pdf Flood of October 2005 August 29, 2024 Two people died in Connecticut after they were swept away by floods.https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5477903 Tolland County, Connecticut Flood Event Report National Climatic Data Center August 29, 2024 About 500 people in Rhode Island required rescue, after the rains led to river flooding.https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5477913 Western Kent County, Rhode Island Flood Event Report National Climatic Data Center August 29, 2024 Hurricane Vince Hurricane Vince Atl Vince 2005-10-09 1415Z.jpg Vince 2005 path.png October 8 October 11 65 988 Subtropical Storm Vince formed in the eastern Atlantic near Madeira on October 8 from the same non-tropical low that absorbed the unnamed subtropical storm. Vince transitioned into a tropical storm on the following day and was upgraded to a hurricane shortly thereafter. Although Vince was a very small and short-lived storm that only briefly reached hurricane strength, it was notable for developing in the northeastern Atlantic, well away from where hurricanes usually form. Vince made landfall on the Iberian Peninsula near Huelva, Spain, on October 11 just after weakening to a tropical depression.James L. Franklin February 22, 2006 Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Vince National Hurricane Center February 2, 2020 http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL242005_Vince.pdf October 2, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151002011818/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL242005_Vince.pdf live The storm left minor flooding in some areas.F. J. Poyato ABC.es February 5, 2008 February 14, 2020 La conexión de la Ronda de Poniente con la red viaria tardará en cerrarse más de un año es http://www.abc.es/hemeroteca/historico-02-05-2008/sevilla/Cordoba/la-conexion-de-la-ronda-de-poniente-con-la-red-viaria-tardara-en-cerrarse-mas-de-un-a%C3%B1o_1641838177271.html https://web.archive.org/web/20090904213303/http://www.abc.es/hemeroteca/historico-02-05-2008/sevilla/Cordoba/la-conexion-de-la-ronda-de-poniente-con-la-red-viaria-tardara-en-cerrarse-mas-de-un-a%C3%B1o_1641838177271.html September 4, 2009 deadDiario Córdoba October 13, 2005 February 14, 2020 Problemas en varias carreteras de la provincia es http://www.diariocordoba.com/noticias/noticia.asp?pkid=210378 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20080916100506/http://www.diariocordoba.com/noticias/noticia.asp?pkid=210378 September 16, 2008 Hurricane Wilma Hurricane Wilma Meteorological history of Hurricane Wilma Effects of Hurricane Wilma in Mexico Effects of Hurricane Wilma in Florida Atl Wilma 2005-10-19 1345Z.png Wilma 2005 path.png October 15 October 25 160 882 A tropical depression formed on October 15 to the southwest of Jamaica. Moving slowly over the Caribbean, it intensified into Tropical Storm Wilma two days later. The storm began a period of rapid deepening on October 18 that lasted into the following day. This culminated in Wilma attaining Category 5 hurricane status, with peak winds of 185 mph km/h on. At 12:00 UTC on October 19, hurricane hunters recorded a pressure of 882 mbar inHg on, making Wilma the most-intense Atlantic hurricane on record. Wilma weakened to Category 4 intensity by the time it made landfall on Cozumel on October 21. It crossed the Yucatán Peninsula and emerged into the Gulf of Mexico, turning northeast. On October 24, Wilma made landfall in southwestern Florida at Cape Romano with winds of 120 mph km/h on. The hurricane quickly crossed the state and continued across the western Atlantic Ocean. Wilma transitioned into an extratropical cyclone on October 26, which was absorbed by a larger extratropical storm a day later over Atlantic Canada.Richard J. Pasch Eric S. Blake Hugh D. III Cobb David P. Roberts September 9, 2014 Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Wilma National Hurricane Center February 2, 2020 http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL252005_Wilma.pdf March 4, 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000300/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL252005_Wilma.pdf live In its formative stages, Wilma's large circulation spread across much of the western Caribbean Sea, killing 12 people in Haiti and one in Jamaica. Wilma set a record in Mexico, and for the entire Western Hemisphere, for the highest 24 hour rainfall total, with 1633.98 mm in on flip recorded at Isla Mujeres.Randall Cerveny Valentina Davydova Belitskaya Pierre Bessemoulin Miguel Cortez Chris Landsea Thomas C. Peterson A New Western Hemisphere 24-hour Rainfall Record 2007 World Meteorological Organization https://public-old.wmo.int/en/bulletin/new-western-hemisphere-24-hour-rainfall-record https://web.archive.org/web/20231218171917/https://public-old.wmo.int/en/bulletin/new-western-hemisphere-24-hour-rainfall-record dead December 18, 2023 April 14, 2020 There were four deaths in Mexico, and nationwide damage was estimated at US$454 million ($4.8 billion MXN). On November 28, Mexico declared a disaster area for 9 of Quintana Roo's 11 municipalities. A significant storm surge flooded areas of western Cuba, leaving US$704 million in damage. In Florida, Wilma caused $19 billion in damage and killed 30 people; five of the deaths were caused directly by the hurricane.https://www.newspapers.com/clip/30543605/the-palm-beach-post/ 30 Deaths in Florida November 6, 2005 The Palm Beach Post February 26, 2020 February 27, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200227010602/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/30543605/the-palm-beach-post/ live Wilma inflicted a multi-billion dollar disaster in the Miami metropolitan area, including $2.9 billion in damage in Palm Beach County,Adding Up Wilma's Fury: $2.9 Billion Countywide – More than 55,000 Homes, 3,600 Businesses Damaged Luis F. Perez Angel Streeter Ushma Patel December 18, 2005 Sun-Sentinel https://www.newspapers.com/clip/47054546/south-florida-sun-sentinel/ March 21, 2020 1A Newspapers.com March 21, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200321062341/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/47054546/south-florida-sun-sentinel/ live $2 billion in Miami-Dade County, and $1.2 billion in Broward County.Year later, Wilma's wrath still visible October 24, 2006 https://www.newspapers.com/clip/55565349/the-miami-herald/ Miami Herald Trenton Daniel 1B July 17, 2020 Newspapers.com July 24, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200724140121/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/55565349/the-miami-herald/ live Numerous homes and businesses experienced some degree of impact, with over 55,000 dwellings and 3,600 workplaces damaged in Palm Beach County alone. After leaving Florida, Wilma killed one person and left US$6.4 million in damage to the Bahamas, when it passed northwest of the country. On Bermuda, Wilma produced wind gusts of 51 mph km/h on. Tropical Storm Alpha Tropical Storm Alpha (2005) Atl Alpha 2005-10-22 1530Z.jpg Alpha 2005 path.png October 22 October 24 45 998 Tropical Depression Twenty-Five formed in the eastern Caribbean on October 22 and quickly intensified into Tropical Storm Alpha as it moved west-northwestward. On the next day, the storm made landfall near Barahona, Dominican Republic, with winds of 50 mph km/h on. Alpha weakened to a tropical depression over Hispaniola's steep mountains. The cyclone emerged into the Atlantic Ocean, where it was absorbed by Hurricane Wilma on October 24. The storm claimed 26 lives, with more than half of them in Haiti.Lixion A. Avila January 4, 2006 Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Storm Alpha National Hurricane Center February 2, 2020 http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL262005_Alpha.pdf October 2, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151002011833/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL262005_Alpha.pdf live Alpha destroyed 43 homes and damaged 191 others in Haiti.https://reliefweb.int/report/haiti/haiti-tropical-storm-alpha-floods-ocha-situation-report-no-1 Haiti: Tropical Storm Alpha, Floods OCHA Situation Report No. 1 UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs ReliefWeb October 25, 2005 February 14, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200215040739/https://reliefweb.int/report/haiti/haiti-tropical-storm-alpha-floods-ocha-situation-report-no-1 February 15, 2020 live Hurricane Beta Hurricane Beta Atl Beta 2005-10-30 0655Z.jpg Beta 2005 path.png October 26 October 31 100 962 Late on October 26, the same tropical wave that spawned Tropical Storm Alpha led to the formation of Tropical Depression Twenty-Six over the southwestern Caribbean Sea. Early the next day, it was upgraded to Tropical Storm Beta. The storm strengthened into a hurricane on October 29 and reached major hurricane intensity on October 30, with sustained winds around 115 mph km/h on. However, Beta weakened to a Category 2 prior to landfall in Nicaragua. The storm rapidly weakened inland and dissipated on October 31. The Colombian island of Providencia was subjected to hurricane-force winds for several hours as the center of the storm moved very slowly by the island. Reports indicate extensive damage to homes and a loss of communications with the islanders.Richard J. Pasch David P. Roberts March 28, 2006 Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Beta National Hurricane Center February 2, 2020 http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL272005_Beta.pdf October 2, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151002011835/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL272005_Beta.pdf live In Honduras and Nicaragua, over 1,000 structures were damaged by the storm, hundreds of which were destroyed. Overall, Beta caused nine fatalities and more than $15.5 million in damage across four countries.Pérez R. Wilder La Prensa October 28, 2005 March 5, 2010 Beta apunta a Nicaragua http://lp2000.guegue.com/archivo/2005/octubre/28/nacionales/nacionales-20051028-14.html es dead https://web.archive.org/web/20110711132654/http://lp2000.guegue.com/archivo/2005/octubre/28/nacionales/nacionales-20051028-14.html July 11, 2011El Siglo De Durango October 29, 2005 July 15, 2010 Perecen dos panameños por la tormenta tropical 'Beta' Two Panamanians die in Tropical Storm Beta http://www.elsiglodedurango.com.mx/noticia/82337.perecen-dos-panamenos-por-la-tormenta-tropica.html es https://web.archive.org/web/20110722223630/https://www.elsiglodedurango.com.mx/noticia/82337.perecen-dos-panamenos-por-la-tormenta-tropica.html July 22, 2011Government of Colombia ReliefWeb April 10, 2006 February 14, 2020 Colombia: $ 1.409 millones costó recuperación de Providencia Columbia: recovery of Providencia cost $1.409 billion https://reliefweb.int/report/colombia/colombia-1409-millones-cost%C3%B3-recuperaci%C3%B3n-de-providencia es https://web.archive.org/web/20120919235030/http://reliefweb.int/report/colombia/colombia-1409-millones-cost%C3%B3-recuperaci%C3%B3n-de-providencia September 19, 2012 liveHannah GivenWilson Nicaragua News Service November 14, 2005 December 28, 2008 US$2.1 million required to repair infrastructure damage from Beta http://www.tulane.edu/~libweb/RESTRICTED/NICANEWS/2005_1108.txt dead https://web.archive.org/web/20060921030145/http://www.tulane.edu/~libweb/RESTRICTED/NICANEWS/2005_1108.txt September 21, 2006 Tropical Storm Gamma Tropical Storm Gamma (2005) Atl Gamma 2005-11-19 1515Z.jpg Gamma 2005 path.png November 14 November 21 45 1002 A tropical depression formed late on November 13 about 115 mi km on 5 west-southwest of St. Lucia. While passing through the Lesser Antilles, the system produced heavy rainfall and mudslides, killing two people on Bequia in St. Vincent and the Grenadines. The depression briefly attained tropical storm status, but degenerated back into a tropical wave. On November 18, a new circulation formed off the north coast of Honduras, developing into Tropical Storm Gamma, with peak winds of 50 mph (85 km/h). Gamma meandered over the western Caribbean until degenerating into a remnant low on November 21. Floods from Gamma killed 34 people in Honduras. Three people died in Belize related to the storm. The storm caused 39 deaths in total.Stacy R. Stewart November 24, 2005 Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Storm Gamma National Hurricane Center February 2, 2020 http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL282005_Gamma.pdf October 2, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151002011839/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL282005_Gamma.pdf liveAssociated Press USA Today November 14, 2005 February 14, 2020 Tropical depression kills two in Caribbean https://www.usatoday.com/weather/hurricane/2005-11-14-td-27_x.htm https://web.archive.org/web/20051126173405/http://www.usatoday.com/weather/hurricane/2005-11-14-td-27_x.htm November 26, 2005 live Tropical Storm Delta Tropical Storm Delta (2005) Atl File:Delta 2005-11-24 1620Z.jpg Delta 2005 path.png November 22 November 28 60 980 A non-tropical low formed in the open Atlantic on November 19, which developed thunderstorms over the center over the next few days. On November 22, the NHC classified it as Subtropical Storm Delta, and redesignated it as a tropical storm the next day. Delta moved to the south and stalled, becoming a strong tropical storm with peak winds of 70 mph km/h on on November 24. It weakened as it accelerated to the east-northeast, and Delta transitioned into an extratropical storm on November 28. Shortly thereafter, the storm passed just north of the Canary Islands before Delta inland over northwest Africa, dissipating on November 29. Delta caused severe damage in the Canary Islands and claimed at least seven lives, including six who drowned after boats overturned; there were 12 people missing from the overturned boat.John L. Beven February 14, 2006 Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Storm Delta National Hurricane Center February 2, 2020 http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL292005_Delta.pdf October 2, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151002011843/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL292005_Delta.pdf live es El Dedo de Dios (Finger of God), a geological feature which had been pointing towards the sky for over a millennium and an important landmark for the Canary Islands, was toppled during the storm.https://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2005/11/29/sociedad/1133264398.html Gran Canaria pierde el 'Dedo de Dios' Gran Canaria loses the 'Finger of God' November 29, 2005 José Manuel Bustamante El Mundo February 14, 2020 es https://web.archive.org/web/20200303010834/https://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2005/11/29/sociedad/1133264398.html March 3, 2020 live Damage throughout the Canary Islands was estimated at €312 million (US$364 million).Delta: impact and aftermath http://www.tenerifenews.com/cms/front_content.php?client=1&lang=1&idcat=47&idart=3091 May 29, 2006 Tenerife News https://web.archive.org/web/20070928021033/http://www.tenerifenews.com/cms/front_content.php?client=1&lang=1&idcat=47&idart=3091 September 28, 2007 dead Delta also caused power outages, leaving some 200,000 people without power and forcing airports to close down.Planet Ark : Canary Islands Struggle to Restore Power After Storm http://www.planetark.com/dailynewsstory.cfm/newsid/33737/story.htm February 14, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20071007155311/http://www.planetark.com/dailynewsstory.cfm/newsid/33737/story.htm October 7, 2007 The remnants of Delta later moved into Morocco, bringing needed rain.Canary Islands feel the full force of deadly Storm Delta http://www.capetimes.co.za/index.php?fSectionId=272&fArticleId=3016238 Cape Times February 14, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20060627150325/http://www.capetimes.co.za/index.php?fSectionId=272&fArticleId=3016238 June 27, 2006 Hurricane Epsilon Hurricane Epsilon (2005) Atl Epsilon 2005-12-05 1545Z.jpg Epsilon 2005 path.png November 29 December 8 75 981 A surface low attached to a stationary front formed underneath an upper-level low east of Bermuda on November 27. The surface low detached from the frontal zone and acquired tropical characteristics as deep convection wrapped around its center, leading to the development of Tropical Storm Epsilon early on November 29. The NHC consistently forecast that the storm would weaken; however, Epsilon gradually intensified as it moved westward and later looped to the northeast. The storm attained hurricane status on December 2 as the track shifted to the east. Neither Epsilon's structure or strength changed appreciably over the next few days, and it attained peak winds of 85 mph km/h on on December 5. A building ridge turned Epsilon to the southwest on December 6, and it maintained its intensity due to low wind shear. Epsilon remained a hurricane until December 7. Epsilon degenerated into a remnant low on December 8; the circulation dissipated two days later.James L. Franklin January 7, 2006 Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Epsilon National Hurricane Center February 2, 2020 http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL302005_Epsilon.pdf October 2, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151002011845/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL302005_Epsilon.pdf live Tropical Storm Zeta Tropical Storm Zeta (2005) Atl Zeta 2006-01-03 1345Z.jpg Zeta 2005 path.png December 30, 2005 January 6, 2006 55 994 Towards the end of December, an upper-level low interacted with a cold front, which produced an area of low-pressure by December 28, about 750 mi km 5 on to the west-northwest of Cabo Verde.Knabb Richard D. Brown Daniel P. Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Storm Zeta March 17, 2006 National Hurricane Center March 11, 2020 http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL312005_Zeta.pdf October 2, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151002011850/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL312005_Zeta.pdf live Over the next couple of days, the system developed a low-level circulation and atmospheric convection increased as it moved north-westwards, before the NHC classified it as Tropical Storm Zeta during December 30. Over the next couple of days, the system gradually intensified further in a region of favorable anticyclonic outflow, as it slowly moved west-northwest in response to a mid-level low to the southwest. On January 1, Zeta peaked with 1-minute sustained winds of 65 mph km/h on. It weakened on January 2, only to re-intensify to its peak intensity on January 3. Zeta weakened again as it turned westward, degenerating into a remnant low on January 6; the circulation dissipated on the next day to the southeast of Bermuda. Zeta affected the 2005 Atlantic Rowing Race by producing high swells that moved boats off course.Nathan Bevan Wales Online January 29, 2006 January 9, 2010 Rower in terrifying shark ordeal http://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/tm_objectid=16641385&method=full&siteid=50082&headline=rower-in--terrifying-shark-ordeal-name_page.html https://web.archive.org/web/20120617211627/http://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/tm_objectid%3D16641385%26method%3Dfull%26siteid%3D50082%26headline%3Drower-in--terrifying-shark-ordeal-name_page.html June 17, 2012 live Storm names The following list of names was used for named storms that formed in the North Atlantic in 2005.'Very active' hurricane season forecast Payne Ed CNN May 31, 2005 https://www.cnn.com/2005/WEATHER/05/31/csu.hurricane.outlook/index.html March 7, 2024 This was the same list used for the 1999 season, with the exceptions of Franklin and Lee, which replaced Floyd and Lenny.https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/general/lib/lib1/nhclib/Publications/NatHurricaneOpsPlans/HOPs-P12-2000.pdf 37 NOAA Office of the Federal Coordinator for Meteorological Services and Supporting Research Washington, D.C. National Hurricane Operations Plan May 2000 January 19, 2024 February 1, 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20170201115725/http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/general/lib/lib1/nhclib/Publications/NatHurricaneOpsPlans/HOPs-P12-2000.pdf livehttp://www.nhc.noaa.gov/names.html Worldwide Tropical Cyclone Names 1996–2001 March 17, 1997 Jack L. Beven National Hurricane Center July 7, 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/19970427134620/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/names.html April 27, 1997 dead The names Franklin, Lee, Maria, Nate, Ophelia, Philippe, Rita, Stan, Tammy, Vince and Wilma from the regular list were used for the first (and in the cases of Rita, Stan, and Wilma, only) time in 2005, as were the auxiliary list Greek letters Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, Epsilon and Zeta. This was the first Atlantic hurricane season to exhaust the designated list of 21 storm names, and the first to utilize the auxiliary list.Rice Doyle Remembering the catastrophic 2005 hurricane season https://www.usatoday.com/story/weather/2015/08/24/2005-hurricane-season-katrina/32269245/ May 15, 2020 USA Today August 24, 2015 July 9, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200709093157/https://www.usatoday.com/story/weather/2015/08/24/2005-hurricane-season-katrina/32269245/ live Arlene Bret Cindy Dennis Emily Franklin Gert Harvey Irene Jose Katrina Lee Maria Nate Ophelia Philippe Rita Stan Tammy Vince Wilma Auxiliary List Alpha Beta Gamma Delta Epsilon Zeta Retirement List of retired Atlantic hurricane names In the spring of 2006, the hurricane committee of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) retired five names: Dennis, Katrina, Rita, Stan, and Wilma, from the Atlantic hurricane name lists, and they will not be used again. They were replaced with Don, Katia, Rina, Sean and Whitney for the 2011 season.https://www.preventionweb.net/files/1533_entirenhop06.pdf 38 NOAA Office of the Federal Coordinator for Meteorological Services and Supporting Research Washington, D.C. National Hurricane Operations Plan May 2006 January 19, 2024 January 19, 2024 https://web.archive.org/web/20240119200543/https://www.preventionweb.net/files/1533_entirenhop06.pdf liveGilkey Eric Atlantic Tropical Storm Season Names for 2011 June 1, 2011 https://www.propertycasualty360.com/2011/06/01/atlantic-tropical-storm-season-names-for-2011/?slreturn=20240020145517 ALM Manhattan, New York January 20, 2024 January 28, 2024 https://web.archive.org/web/20240128103509/https://www.propertycasualty360.com/2011/06/01/atlantic-tropical-storm-season-names-for-2011/?slreturn=20240028053504 live This set a new record for the number of storm names retired from a single season, surpassing the previous record of four names, held by the 1955, 1995, 2004 seasons.Subsequently, the 2017 season also had four storm names retired. "nb"Tropical Cyclone Naming History and Retired Names https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/aboutnames_history.shtml National Hurricane Center Miami, Florida January 20, 2024 June 27, 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20120627193026/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/aboutnames_history.shtml liveKier Justin 4 deadly 2017 hurricane names retired April 13, 2018 https://wach.com/weather/4-deadly-2017-hurricane-names-retired WACH Columbia, South Carolina October 11, 2021 October 30, 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20211030034030/https://wach.com/weather/4-deadly-2017-hurricane-names-retired live There was considerable discussion at that time on the usage of the Greek alphabet. The committee agreed that the usage of the Greek alphabet had a "major important political, economic and social impact globally, which might not have happened if a secondary or circular list of names had been used", and that the Greek alphabet would be used again if the traditional naming list was exhausted. It was also decided that it was not practical to retire a Greek letter. Storms named with Greek letters that would otherwise be eligible for retirement would appear in the retired name list, but have a notation affixed with the circumstances. However, when faced with retiring Eta and Iota following the 2020 season, when the Greek alphabet was next utilized, the WMO decided to discontinue its further use altogether. A new auxiliary list of given names was implemented, making any retirements less problematic.https://www.usnews.com/news/news/articles/2021-03-17/assumptions-about-hurricane-season-face-winds-of-change Associated Press Bye Alpha, Eta: Greek alphabet ditched for hurricane names Seth Borenstein U.S. News & World Report March 17, 2021 September 30, 2021 June 24, 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20210624203319/https://www.usnews.com/news/news/articles/2021-03-17/assumptions-about-hurricane-season-face-winds-of-change live Season effects This is a table of all of the storms that formed in the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season. It includes their name, duration, peak classification and intensities, areas affected, damage, and death totals. Deaths in parentheses are additional and indirect (an example of an indirect death would be a traffic accident), but were still related to that storm. Damage and deaths include totals while the storm was extratropical, a wave, or a low, and all of the damage figures are in 2005 USD. center 2005 North Atlantic tropical cyclone yes storm Arlene June 8–13 70 (110) 989 Yucatan Peninsula, Greater Antilles, Eastern United States, Eastern Canada $11.8 million 2 storm Bret June 28–30 40 (65) 1002 Central Mexico $9.2 million 3 cat1 Cindy July 3–7 75 (120) 991 Yucatan Peninsula, Southeastern United States, East Coast of the United States $320 million 6 cat4 Dennis July 4–13 150 (240) 930 Windward Islands, Greater Antilles, Southeastern United States, Great Lakes Region $3.98 billion 76 (14) cat5 Emily July 11–21 160 (260) 929 Lesser Antilles, Greater Antilles, South America, Yucatan Peninsula, Northern Mexico, Southwestern United States >$435.97 million 22 storm Franklin July 21–29 70 (110) 997 Bahamas, Bermuda, Newfoundland None None storm Gert July 23–25 45 (75) 1005 Central Mexico $6 million 1 storm Harvey August 2–8 65 (100) 994 Bermuda None None cat2 Irene August 4–18 105 (165) 970 East Coast of the United States None 1 depression Ten August 13–14 35 (55) 1008 None None None storm Jose August 22–23 60 (95) 998 Eastern Mexico $45 million 16 cat5 Katrina August 23–30 175 (280) 902 Lucayan Archipelago, Greater Antilles, Gulf Coast of the United States, Eastern Canada $125 billion 1,392Eric S. Blake David A. Zelinsky National Hurricane Center May 9, 2018 Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Harvey February 9, 2020 http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL092017_Harvey.pdf February 8, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200208023911/https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL092017_Harvey.pdf live storm Lee August 28 – September 2 40 (65) 1006 None None None cat3 Maria September 1–10 115 (185) 962 Iceland, Scotland $3.1 million 3 cat1 Nate September 5–10 90 (150) 979 Bermuda, East Coast of the United States, Azores None 1 cat1 Ophelia September 6–17 85 (140) 976 Bahamas, Eastern United States, Atlantic Canada $70 million 3 cat1 Philippe September 17–23 80 (130) 985 None Minimal None cat5 Rita September 18–26 180 (285) 895 Lucayan Archipelago, Greater Antilles, Gulf Coast of the United States, Midwestern United States $18.5 billion 120 depression Nineteen September 30 – October 2 35 (55) 1006 None None None cat1 Stan October 1–5 80 (130) 977 Central America, Yucatan Peninsula, Eastern and Southern Mexico $3.97 billionThe damage total in El Salvador included impacts from a simultaneous volcano eruption. "nb" 1,673 sstorm Unnamed October 4–5 50 (85) 997 Azores None None storm Tammy October 5–6 50 (85) 1001 Bahamas, Southeastern United States $30 million 1 (9) sdepression Twenty-Two October 8–10 35 (55) 1008 Bermuda, New England Minimal The remnants of Tropical Storm Tammy and Subtropical Depression Twenty-Two contributed to flooding over the northeastern United States that killed 10 people. "nb" cat1 Vince October 8–11 75 (120) 988 Iberian Peninsula Minimal None cat5 Wilma October 15–26 185 (295) 882 Greater Antilles, Central America, Yucatan Peninsula, East Coast of the United States, Bahamas, Atlantic Canada $26.5 billion 52 storm Alpha October 22–24 50 (85) 998 Greater Antilles Unknown 26 cat3 Beta October 26–31 115 (185) 962 South and Central America $15.5 million 9Carlos Salinas El Nuevo Diario November 1, 2005 October 18, 2009 Reconstrucción costará 300 millones http://impreso.elnuevodiario.com.ni/2005/11/01/nacionales/4736 es dead https://web.archive.org/web/20090706072218/http://impreso.elnuevodiario.com.ni/2005/11/01/nacionales/4736 July 6, 2009Giorgio Trucchi UITA November 16, 2005 March 8, 2010 Nicaragua: Abandono y desesperación en la Costa Caribe después del Huracán "Beta" http://www.rel-uita.org/sociedad/la-casa-nuestra.htm es dead https://web.archive.org/web/20110716082544/http://www.rel-uita.org/sociedad/la-casa-nuestra.htm July 16, 2011Sergio León C. La Prensa November 8, 2005 July 5, 2010 Costa necesita 35 millones de córdobas a causa de Beta http://archivo.laprensa.com.ni/archivo/2005/noviembre/08/ultimahora/index.html es dead https://web.archive.org/web/20110724143755/http://archivo.laprensa.com.ni/archivo/2005/noviembre/08/ultimahora/index.html July 24, 2011EFE 7dias November 4, 2005 July 15, 2010 Calculan en unos nueve millones de dólares las pérdidas causadas por lluvias en Honduras http://www.7dias.us/noticia/9254/calculan-en-unos-nueve-millones-de-d-lares-las-p-rdidas-causadas-por-lluvias-en-honduras es dead https://web.archive.org/web/20110903004553/http://www.7dias.us/noticia/9254/calculan-en-unos-nueve-millones-de-d-lares-las-p-rdidas-causadas-por-lluvias-en-honduras September 3, 2011 storm Gamma November 14–21 50 (85) 1002 Lesser Antilles, Central America $18 million 39 storm Delta November 22–28 70 (110) 980 Canary Islands, North Africa $364 million 7 cat1 Epsilon November 29 – December 8 85 (140) 981 None None None storm Zeta December 30 – January 6 65 (100) 994 None None None 31 June 8, 2005 – January 6, 2006 185 (295) 882 $179.253 billion 3,453 (23) See also Tropical cyclones Tropical cyclones in 2005 2005 Pacific hurricane season 2005 Pacific typhoon season 2005 North Indian Ocean cyclone season South-West Indian Ocean cyclone seasons: 2004–05, 2005–06 Australian region cyclone seasons: 2004–05, 2005–06 South Pacific cyclone seasons: 2004–05, 2005–06 Mediterranean tropical-like cyclone Notes nb References 30em Further reading Benjamin P. Horton Veronica Rossi Andrea D. Hawkes 2009 The sedimentary record of the 2005 hurricane season from the Mississippi and Alabama coastlines Quaternary International 195 1–2 15–30 10.1016/j.quaint.2008.03.004 2009QuInt.195...15H External links Hurricane season, 2005 NHC preliminary summary of 2005 wind speeds and deaths National Hurricane Center's 2005 Archive Weather Prediction Center's 2005 Advisory Archive U.S. Rainfall from Tropical Cyclones in 2005 U.S. National Climatic Data Center – Atlantic Basin 2005 Accumulated Cyclone Energy (ACE) Index https://web.archive.org/web/20051201033336/https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/research/2005/2005-atlantic-trop-cyclones.html December 1, 2005 27 Storms: Arlene to Zeta (SVS Animation 3354) – animation of all the tropical storms of the season, omitting the unnamed subtropical storm (NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center Scientific Visualization Studio) 2000 Atlantic hurricane 2005 Category:Atlantic hurricane seasons Category:Articles which contain graphical timelines Category:Articles containing video clips 2005 Atl