1794–95 United States Senate elections

none March 2026 1794–95 United States Senate elections United States 1777 legislative no 1792–93 United States Senate elections 1792 & 1793 1796–97 United States Senate elections 1796 & 1797 Class 3 1800–01 United States Senate elections 1800 & 1801 10 of the 30 seats in the United States Senate (plus special elections) 16 Dates vary by state 100px Seats up Races won Federalist Party 16(as Pro-Administration) 19 3 5(as Pro-Administration) 8 Democratic-Republican Party 13(as Anti-Administration) 10 3 5(as Anti-Administration) 2 Majority Faction Pro-Administration Party Federalist Party File:1794senateelection.svg #f2bfa6 Federalist hold #e27036 Federalist gain#bef3be Democratic-Republican hold The 1794–95 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1794 and 1795, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock.https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/17th-amendment 17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Direct Election of U.S. Senators (1913) National Archives and Records Administration February 8, 2022 In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 3. This was the first election cycle with organized political parties in the United States, with the Federalist Party emerging from the Pro Administration coalition, and the Democratic-Republican Party emerging from the Anti-Administration coalition. Results summary Senate party division, 4th Congress (1795–1797) Majority party: Federalist (20) Minority party: Democratic-Republican (10) Other parties: 0 Total seats: 30 Change in composition Before the elections Note: There were no political parties in the 3rd Congress. Members are informally grouped here into factions of similar interest, based on an analysis of their voting record. The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress Martis Kenneth C. After the March 31, 1794 special election in Pennsylvania. A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A6 A7 A8 A9Ga.Ran A10Ky.Unknown A11N.H.Ran A12N.C.Unknown A13Vt.Ran V1Del. P16S.C.Retired Majority → P6 P7 P8 P9 P10 P11 P12Conn.Retired P13Md.Ran P14N.Y.Ran P15Pa.Retired P5 P4 P3 P2 P1 Results of the elections A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A6 A7 A8 DR1N.H.Gainfrom A DR2N.C.Gainfrom A V1Del. F8Vt.Gainfrom A F7S.C.Gainfrom P F6Pa.Gainfrom P F5N.Y.Gainfrom P   F4Md.Gainfrom P P6 P7 P8 P9 P10 P11 F1Conn.Gainfrom P F2Ga.Gainfrom A F3Ky.Gainfrom A P5 P4 P3 P2 P1 Beginning of the next Congress 4th United States Congress Seven senators who were considered "Anti-Administration" became Democratic-Republicans and eleven "Pro-Administration" became Federalists. DR5Changed DR4Changed DR3Changed DR2Changed DR1Changed DR6Changed DR7Changed DR8Changed DR9 DR10 F20Del.Gain F19 F18 F17 F16 Majority → F6Changed F7Changed F8Changed F9Changed F10Changed F11Changed F12 F13 F14 F15 F5Changed F4Changed F3Changed F2Changed F1Changed Key: A# Anti-Administration DR# Democratic-Republican F# Federalist P# Pro-Administration V# Vacant Race summaries Except if/when noted, the number following candidates is the whole number vote(s), not a percentage. Special elections during the 3rd Congress In these special elections, the winner was seated before March 4, 1795; ordered by election date. State Incumbent Results Candidates Senator Party First elected Pennsylvania(Class 1) Albert Gallatin Anti-Administration1793 (special)]] Incumbent disqualified February 28, 1794.New senator elected March 31, 1794.Pro-Administration gain.Winner became a Federalist in the next Congress. Pro-Administration Party (US) James Ross (Pro-Admin.) 51.72% UnknownRobert Coleman (Unknown) 40.23% Federalist PartySamuel Sitgreaves (Federalist) 1.15% Not voting 6.7% Virginia(Class 1) James Monroe Anti-Administration1790 (special)]] Incumbent resigned May 11, 1794 to become U.S. Minister to France.New senator elected November 18, 1794.Anti-Administration hold.Winner became a Democratic-Republican in the next Congress. Anti-Administration Party (US) Stevens Thomson Mason (Anti-Admin.) February 2020 Virginia(Class 2) John Taylor Anti-Administration1792 (special)]] Incumbent resigned May 11, 1794.New senator elected November 18, 1794.Anti-Administration hold.Winner became a Democratic-Republican in the next Congress. Anti-Administration Party (US) Henry Tazewell (Anti-Admin.) February 2020 Delaware(Class 1) Vacant George Read (P) resigned September 18, 1793 to become Chief Justice of Delaware.New senator elected February 7, 1795.Pro-Administration gain.Winner became a Federalist in the next Congress. Pro-Administration Party (US) Henry Latimer (Pro-Admin.) 15 Anti-Administration Party (US)John Dickinson (Anti-Admin.) 14 Tufts University Tufts Digital Collations and Archives A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 February 4, 2018 Delaware 1795 U.S. Senate, Special https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:de.ussenator.1795 March 11, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200311173359/https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:de.ussenator.1795 dead , citing South-Carolina State Gazette, and Timothy and Mason's Daily Advertiser (Charleston, SC). March 16, 1795. Races leading to the 4th Congress In these regular elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1795; ordered by state. All of the elections involved the Class 3 seats. State Incumbent Results Candidates Senator Party First elected Connecticut Stephen Mitchell Pro-Administration 1793 (appointed) Incumbent appointee retired.New senator's election date unknown.Federalist gain. Federalist Party Jonathan Trumbull, Jr. (Federalist) February 2020 Georgia James Gunn Anti-Administration 1789 Incumbent re-elected November 13, 1794 as a Federalist.Federalist gain. Federalist Party James Gunn (Federalist) 36 UnknownEdward Telfair (Unknown) 12 UnknownWilliam Few (Unknown) 3 Tufts University Tufts Digital Collations and Archives A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 February 4, 2018 Georgia 1794 U.S. Senate https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ga.ussenate.1794 March 18, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200318015238/https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ga.ussenate.1794 dead , citing Aurora. General Advertiser (Philadelphia, PA). December 13, 1794. Kentucky John Edwards Anti-Administration1792 (new state)]] Incumbent retired or lost re-election.New senator elected in 1794 on the second ballot.Federalist gain. Federalist Party Humphrey Marshall (Federalist) 28 Democratic-RepublicanJohn Breckinridge (Democratic-Republican) 22 Tufts University Tufts Digital Collations and Archives A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 February 4, 2018 Kentucky 1794 U.S. Senate, Ballot 2 https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ky.ussenate2.1794 March 15, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200315041908/https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ky.ussenate2.1794 dead , citing Election of United States Senators by the General Assembly (typed manuscript). Kentucky Historical Society, Frankfort. Maryland John Henry Pro-Administration 1788 Incumbent re-elected in 1795 as a Federalist.Federalist gain. Federalist Party John Henry (Federalist) February 2020 New Hampshire John Langdon Anti-Administration 1788 Incumbent re-elected on an unknown date as a Democratic-Republican.Democratic-Republican gain. Democratic-Republican Party John Langdon (Democratic-Republican) February 2020 New York Rufus King Pro-Administration 1789 Incumbent re-elected January 27, 1795 to a new party.Federalist gain. Federalist Party Rufus King (Federalist) 47 Federalist PartyThomas Tillotson (Federalist) 30 Federalist PartyJohn Lawrence (Federalist) 1 Tufts University Tufts Digital Collations and Archives A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 February 5, 2018 New York 1795 U.S. Senate https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ny.ussenate.1795 November 13, 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20191113072626/https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ny.ussenate.1795 dead , citing Journal of the New York Assembly, 1795. 32–33. Journal of the New York State Senate, 1795. 15. North Carolina Benjamin Hawkins Anti-Administration 1789 Incumbent retired or lost re-election.New senator elected in 1795 on the fifth ballot.Democratic-Republican gain. Democratic-Republican Party Timothy Bloodworth (Democratic-Republican) UnknownJohn Leigh (Unknown) FederalistAlfred Moore (Federalist) Democratic-Republican PartyNathaniel Macon (Democratic-Republican) Withdrew UnknownJohn Skinner (Unknown) Withdrew Democratic-RepublicanCharles Johnson (Democratic-Republican) Withdrew UnknownWilliam Lenoir (Unknown) Tufts University Tufts Digital Collations and Archives A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 February 5, 2018 North Carolina 1795 U.S. Senate https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:nc.ussenator.1795 March 6, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200306023719/https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:nc.ussenator.1795 dead , citing Legislative Papers. State Archives of North Carolina, Raleigh. Pennsylvania Robert Morris Pro-Administration 1788 Incumbent retired.New senator elected February 26, 1795.Federalist gain. Federalist Party William Bingham (Federalist) 58 Democratic-RepublicanPeter Muhlenberg (Democratic-Republican) 35 Tufts University Tufts Digital Collations and Archives A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 February 5, 2018 Pennsylvania 1795 U.S. Senate https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:pa.ussenate.1795 March 20, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200320140255/https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:pa.ussenate.1795 dead , citing Gazette of the United States (Philadelphia, PA). February 26, 1795. South Carolina Ralph Izard Pro-Administration 1789 Incumbent retired.New senator elected in 1794 on the second ballot.Federalist gain. Federalist Party Jacob Read (Federalist) Democratic-RepublicanJohn Hunter (Democratic-Republican) Tufts University Tufts Digital Collations and Archives A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 January 30, 2018 South Carolina 1794 U.S. Senate, Ballot 2 https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:sc.ussenate.second.1794 October 22, 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20191022053749/https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:sc.ussenate.second.1794 dead , citing Rogers, George C. Evolution of a Federalist: William Loughton Smith of Charleston (1758-1812). Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 1962. 268. Vermont Stephen R. Bradley Anti-Administration1791 (new state)]] Incumbent lost re-election.New senator elected in 1794.Federalist gain. Federalist Party Elijah Paine (Federalist) February 2020 Elections during the 4th Congress There were no elections in 1795 after March 4. Connecticut List of United States senators from Connecticut August 2019 Delaware (special) Delaware special election Delaware presidential No 1790 United States Senate election in Delaware 1790 Class 1 Senator 1797 United States Senate election in Delaware 1797 February 7, 1795 125x136px Henry Latimer.jpg Henry Latimer Federalist Party 15 51.72% JohnDickinson4.gif John Dickinson Democratic-Republican Party 14 48.28% U.S. Senator George Read Federalist Party Henry Latimer Federalist Party 1795 United States Senate special election in Delaware List of United States senators from Delaware The Delaware special election was held February 7, 1795. Incumbent Senator George Read had resigned to take the position of Chief Justice of the Delaware Supreme Court. Henry Latimer defeated the former Governor of Delaware, Governor of Pennsylvania and Continental Congressmen from Delaware and Pennsylvania by one vote. 1795 United States Senate election in Delaware 1795 United States Senate election in Delaware https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:de.ussenator.1795 February 5, 2018 March 11, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200311173359/https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:de.ussenator.1795 dead Henry Latimer Federalist Party 15 51.72% John Dickinson Democratic-Republican Party #008000 14 48.28% 29 100% Georgia List of United States senators from Georgia August 2019 Kentucky List of United States senators from Kentucky August 2019 Maryland List of United States senators from Maryland November 2022 1795 United States Senate election in Maryland - 008000 -% Federalist Party John Henry AACC99 % Democratic-Republican Party James Lloyd 1797 1797 United States Senate special election in Maryland 1788 1788 United States Senate elections in Maryland 80 members of the Maryland General Assembly Legislative December 16, 1794 no presidential John Henry won election over James Lloyd by an unknown number of votes for the Class 3 seat.https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=122327 Our Campaigns - MD US Senate Race - Dec 16, 1794 2022-11-05 www.ourcampaigns.com New Hampshire List of United States senators from New Hampshire August 2019 New York 1795 United States Senate election in New York List of United States senators from New York August 2019 North Carolina List of United States senators from North Carolina August 2019 August 2020 Pennsylvania List of United States senators from Pennsylvania 1794 United States House of Representatives elections in Pennsylvania Pennsylvania (special) thumb|125px|Senator James Ross 1794 United States Senate special election in Pennsylvania Pennsylvania special election, March 31, 1794PA US Senate - Special Election 1794 http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=345185 December 21, 2012 OurCampaigns Pro-Administration Party (US) James Ross 45 51.72% Unknown Robert Coleman 35 40.23% Federalist Party Samuel Sitgreaves 1 1.15% N/A Not voting 6 6.70% 87 100% Pennsylvania (regular) thumb|125px|Senator William Bingham 1795 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania Incumbent Federalist Robert Morris, who was elected in 1788, was not a candidate for re-election to another term. The Pennsylvania General Assembly convened on February 26, 1795, to elect a senator for the term beginning March 4, 1795. Pennsylvania general election, February 26, 1795U.S. Senate Election - 26 February 1795 http://staffweb.wilkes.edu/harold.cox/sen/PaSen1795.pdf September 28, 2013 Wilkes University Pro-Administration Party (US) William Bingham 58 56.86% Anti-Administration Party (US) Peter Muhlenberg 35 34.31% N/A Not voting 9 8.82% 102 100% South Carolina List of United States senators from South Carolina August 2019 Vermont List of United States senators from Vermont August 2019 Virginia List of United States senators from Virginia Even though neither of Virginia's incumbent's terms were up, both resigned in 1794, leading to two special elections. August 2019 Future-president James Monroe resigned March 27, 1794 to become U.S. Minister to France. Stevens Thomson Mason was elected November 18, 1794 and would become a Democratic-Republican in the next Congress. Virginia (special, class 2) thumb|x136px|Senator Henry Tazewell September 2020 Incumbent John Taylor of Caroline resigned May 11, 1794. Henry Tazewell was elected November 18, 1794 and would become a Democratic-Republican in the next Congress. See also 1794 United States elections 1794–95 United States House of Representatives elections 3rd United States Congress 4th United States Congress References External links https://www.senate.gov/pagelayout/history/one_item_and_teasers/partydiv.htm Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present Senate.gov