1903 Spanish general election

none 1903 Spanish general election Spain 1785 parliamentary no 1901 Spanish general election 1901 1905 Spanish general election 1905 All 403 seats in the Congress of Deputies and 180 (of 360) seats in the Senate202 seats needed for a majority in the Congress of Deputies 26 April 1903 (Congress)10 May 1903 (Senate) 170x170px Francisco Silvela Conservative Party (Spain) 1899 Piedrahita 91 D Congress of Deputies41 S SenateResults for PC (76 deputies and 38 senators) and G (15 deputies and 3 senators) in the 1901 election. 228 D Congress of Deputies101 S Senate 10px 137 D Congress of Deputies10px 60 S Senate 170x170px Eugenio Montero Ríos Liberal Party (Spain, 1880) 1902 Senator (for life) 252 D Congress of Deputies117 S SenateResults for PL (246 deputies and 116 senators) and UN (6 deputies and 1 senator) in the 1901 election. 95 D Congress of Deputies50 S Senate 10px 157 D Congress of Deputies10px 67 S Senate 170x170px Nicolás Salmerón Republican 1903 Barcelona 15 D Congress of Deputies3 S SenateResults for PRN (12 deputies and 2 senators), RI (2 deputies and 0 senators) and PRC (1 deputy and 1 senator) in the 1901 election. 28 D Congress of Deputies1 S Senate 10px 13 D Congress of Deputies10px 2 S Senate 170x170px José Canalejas Monarchist Democratic Party 1902 Alcoy Did not contest 9 D Congress of Deputies4 S Senate 10px 9 D Congress of Deputies10px 4 S Senate 170x170px NoneIts leader, Carlos O'Donnell, had died on 9 February 1903. Tetuanists — — 10 D Congress of Deputies7 S Senate 6 D Congress of Deputies6 S Senate 10px 4 D Congress of Deputies10px 1 S Senate 170x170px José María Vallés Federal 1901 La Bisbal 2 D Congress of Deputies0 S Senate 8 D Congress of Deputies1 S Senate 10px 6 D Congress of Deputies10px 1 S Senate 1903 Spanish general election (Congress of Deputies).svg 420px Election results by Congress of Deputies electoral constituency and district Prime Minister Prime Minister after election Francisco Silvela Conservative Party (Spain) Francisco Silvela Conservative Party (Spain) A general election was held in Spain on 26 April 1903 (for the Congress of Deputies), and on 10 May 1903 (for the Senate), to elect the members of the 11th es Cortes no under the Spanish Constitution of 1876, during the Restoration period. All 403 seats in the Congress of Deputies were up for election, as well as 180 of 360 seats in the Senate. Since the Pact of El Pardo, an informal system known as es turno or es turnismo was operated by the monarchy and the country's two main parties—the Conservatives and the Liberals—to determine in advance the outcome of elections by means of electoral fraud, often achieved through the territorial clientelistic networks of local bosses (the es caciques), ensuring that both parties would have rotating periods in power. As a result, elections were often neither truly free nor fair, though they could be more competitive in the country's urban centres where caciquism was weaker. Prime Minister Práxedes Mateo Sagasta's last period in power was dominated by the rise of Catalan regionalism and a string of worker strikes, as well as a number of issues—such as the religious and the educational questions—in which the government's results were mixed. A deteriorating health condition forced Sagasta's resignation on 6 December 1902, with power being handed over to Francisco Silvela and his Conservative Party; Sagasta would end up dying one month later, on 5 January. As a result, 1903 was the first election in the Restoration period not to be contested either by Sagasta or by Antonio Cánovas del Castillo, both of whom had been the regime's pillars by ensuring its duration and stability for decades. It was also the first election with Alfonso XIII as King regnant, following his coming of age and the end of his mother's regency. Background The last period in power of Práxedes Mateo Sagasta (1901–1902) saw the coming of age of King Alfonso XIII in May 1902, but also the continuation of the social and regionalist conflicts that had afflicted previous governments. A general strike in Barcelona in February 1902 was violently suppressed, while the government proved unable to address the improvement of labour conditions demanded by the working classes.Pons Marc 17 February 2017 https://www.elnacional.cat/es/efemerides/efemeride-huelga-general-jornada-9-horas_138069_102.html Huelga general, por la jornada de 9 horas es El Nacional Tarragona 3 May 2023 Sagasta's cabinet also proved unable to resolve the religious question—regarding a disproportionate growth in the establishment of religious congregations, considered contrary to law—nor to tackle Catalan regionalism through decentralizing formulas, but was able to approve a major reform of the education system underwent by the Count of Romanones, public instruction minister (comprising a new study plan in secondary education, the reestablishment of academic freedom, the attribution to the State of the payment of primary school teachers and an expansion of compulsory schooling).De la Santa Cinta Joaquín 13 September 2017 https://elcorreodepozuelo.com/2017/09/13/presidentes-del-consejo-ministros-la-regencia-maria-cristina-habsburgo-lorena-francisco-silvela-le-vielleuze-marcelo-azcarraga-palmero-praxedes-mateo-sagasta/ Presidentes del Consejo de Ministros durante la Regencia de María Cristina de Habsburgo-Lorena: Francisco Silvela Le Vielleuze, Marcelo Azcárraga Palmero y Práxedes Mateo Sagasta es El Correo de Pozuelo 4 May 2023 Sagasta tendered his resignation as prime minister two times throughout 1902—first to Queen Regent Maria Christina in March, then to the newly-crowned King Alfonso XIII in November—but they were both rejected. However, growing criticism from the opposition, waning support within his party and a deteriorating health condition forced his final resignation on 6 December and the entrustment of power to Francisco Silvela of the Conservative Party. Sagasta would die of bronchopneumonia one month after leaving office, on 5 January 1903, at age 77.https://dbe.rah.es/biografias/5594/praxedes-mateo-sagasta-escolar Práxedes Mateo-Sagasta Escolar es Royal Academy of History 6 September 2022Práxedes Mateo Sagasta y Escolar https://www.congreso.es/es/web/guest/presidentes-del-congreso-de-los-diputados?p_p_id=diputadomodule&p_p_lifecycle=0&p_p_state=normal&p_p_mode=view&codigo=70920&tipoHistorico=1 es Congress of Deputies 3 May 2023 Overview Under the 1876 Constitution, the Spanish es Cortes no were conceived as "co-legislative bodies", forming a nearly perfect bicameral system.Constitution 1876 arts. 18–19 & 41. Both the Congress of Deputies and the Senate exercised legislative, oversight and budgetary functions, sharing almost equal powers, except in budget laws (taxation and public credit)—whose first reading corresponded to Congress—and in impeachment processes against government ministers, where Congress handled indictment and the Senate the trial.Constitution 1876 arts. 38, 42 & 45.https://www.senado.es/web/conocersenado/temasclave/historiaconstitucional/index.html Conocer el Senado. Temas clave. El Senado en la historia constitucional española es Senate of Spain 11 October 2025 Date The term of each chamber of the es Cortes no—the Congress and one-half of the elective part of the Senate—expired five years from the date of their previous election, unless they were dissolved earlier.Constitution 1876 arts. 24 & 30. The previous elections were held on 19 May 1901 for the Congress and on 2 June 1901 for the Senate, which meant that the chambers' terms would have expired on 19 May and 2 June 1906, respectively. The monarch had the prerogative to dissolve both chambers at any given time—either jointly or separately—and call a snap election.Constitution 1876 art. 32; Law of 8 February 1877 art. 11. There was no constitutional requirement for concurrent elections to the Congress and the Senate, nor for the elective part of the Senate to be renewed in its entirety except in the case that a full dissolution was agreed by the monarch. Still, there was only one case of a separate election (for the Senate in 1877) and no half-Senate elections taking place under the 1876 Constitution. The es Cortes no were officially dissolved on 26 March 1903, with the corresponding decree setting election day for 26 April (Congress) and 10 May 1903 (Senate) and scheduling for both chambers to reconvene on 18 May.Royal Decree of 26 March 1903 arts. 1–3. Electoral system Voting for the Congress of Deputies was based on universal manhood suffrage, comprising all Spanish national males over 25 years of age with full civil rights, provided they had two years of residence in a Spanish municipality and were not enlisted ranks in active duty.Law of 26 June 1890 art. 1.Ortega Álvarez Santaolaya Machetti 1996 88García Muñoz 2002 106–107Carreras de Odriozola Tafunell Sambola 2005 1077 Additional restrictions excluded those deprived of political rights or barred from public office by a final sentence, criminally imprisoned or convicted, legally incapacitated, bankrupt, public debtors, and homeless.Law of 26 June 1890 art. 2. The Congress of Deputies had one seat per 50,000 inhabitants. Of these, those corresponding to larger urban areas were elected in multi-member constituencies using partial block voting: voters in constituencies electing eight seats or more could choose up to three candidates less than the number of seats at stake; in those with between four and eight seats, up to two less; and in those with between one and four seats, up to one less. The remaining seats were elected in single-member districts by plurality voting and distributed among the provinces of Spain according to population.Constitution 1876 arts. 27–28; Law of 26 June 1890 arts. 21–22Ortega Álvarez Santaolaya Machetti 1996 89 Additionally, universities, economic societies of Friends of the Country and officially organized chambers of commerce, industry and agriculture, had one seat per 5,000 registered voters.Law of 26 June 1890 art. 24. As a result of the aforementioned allocation, 308 single-member districts were established, and each Congress multi-member constituency (a total of 27, electing 95 seats) was entitled the following seats:Law of 26 June 1890 trans. prov. 1 (suppl. supplemented by Law of 1 January 1871 art. 1 & attached table, and Law of 28 December 1878 arts. 2–3; am. amended by Law of 23 June 1885, Law of 18 January 1887, Law of 10 July 1888, Law of 18 June 1895, Law of 2 August 1895, Law of 5 July 1898, Law of 7 August 1899, and Law of 24 March 1902). Seats Constituencies 8 Madrid 7 Barcelona 5 Palma, Seville 4 Cartagena 3 Alicante, Almería, Badajoz, Burgos, Cádiz, Córdoba, Granada, Huelvagreen (+2), Jaén, Jerez de la Frontera, La Coruña, Lugo, Málaga, Murcia, Oviedo, Pamplona, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Santander, Tarragona, Valencia, Valladolid, Zaragoza Voting for the elective part of the Senate was based on censitary suffrage, comprising Spanish male householders of voting age, residing in a Spanish municipality, with full political and civil rights, who met either of the following:Law of 8 February 1877 arts. 1–3, 12–13, 23 & 25. Being qualified electors (such as archbishops, bishops and cathedral chapter members, in the archdioceses; full academics, in the royal academies; university authorities and professors, in the universities; or provincial deputies); Being elected as delegates (either by members with three years of seniority (in the economic societies of Friends of the Country; or by major taxpayers for direct taxes and local authorities, in the local councils). 180 Senate seats were elected using indirect, two-round majority voting. Delegates chosen by local councils—each of which was assigned an initial minimum of one delegate, with one additional delegate for every six councillors—voted for senators together with provincial deputies. The provinces of Barcelona, Madrid and Valencia were allocated four seats each, and the rest three each, for a total of 150. The remaining 30 seats were allocated to special institutional districts (one each), including major archdioceses, royal academies, universities, and economic societies,The following were considered as the major districts in each category:Archdioceses: Burgos, Granada, Santiago de Compostela, Seville, Tarragona, Toledo, Valencia, Valladolid, and Zaragoza. Royal academies: Spanish; History; Fine Arts of San Fernando; Exact, Physical and Natural Sciences; Moral and Political Sciences; and Medicine. Universities: Madrid, Barcelona, Granada, Oviedo, Salamanca, Santiago, Seville, Valencia, Valladolid, and Zaragoza. Economic societies of Friends of the Country: Madrid, Barcelona, León, Seville, and Valencia. each elected by their own qualified electors or delegates.Constitution 1876 arts. 20–21; Law of 8 February 1877 arts. 1–2, 21–22, 30–31 & 53; Royal Decree of 16 March 1899 arts. 1–2.Carreras de Odriozola Tafunell Sambola 2005 1083 Another 180 seats consisted of senators in their own right (such as the monarch's offspring and the heir apparent once coming of age (16), grandees of Spain with an income of Pts 60,000, certain general officers—captain generals and admirals—the Patriarch of the Indies and archbishops, and the heads of higher courts and state institutions"State" These comprised the Council of State, the Supreme Court, the Court of Auditors and the Supreme Council of War and Navy. after two years of service), as well as senators for life directly appointed by the monarch.Constitution 1876 arts. 20–21, 66 & 71. The law provided for by-elections to fill vacant seats during the legislative term. At least two vacancies were required to trigger a by-election in Congress multi-member constituencies.Law of 8 February 1877 arts. 56–59; Law of 26 June 1890 arts. 73–76. Candidates Nomination rules For the Congress, secular Spanish males of voting age, with full civil rights, could run for election. Causes of ineligibility applied to those excluded from voting or meeting any of the incompatibility rules for deputies, as well as to:Constitution 1876 art. 29; Law of 26 June 1890 arts. 2–5. Public contractors, within their relevant territories; Holders of a number of territorial posts (such as government-appointed positions, not including government ministers and Central Administration employees; local and provincial employees; and provincial deputation members), within their areas of jurisdiction, during their term of office and up to one year afterwards. For the Senate, eligibility was limited to Spanish males over 35 years of age not under criminal prosecution, disfranchisement nor asset seizure, and who either qualified as senators in their own right or belonged (or had belonged) to certain categories:Constitution 1876 arts. 22 & 26; Law of 8 February 1877 art. 4. Provided an income of Pts 7,500: the presidents of the Senate and the Congress; deputies serving in three different congresses or eight terms; government ministers; bishops; grandees of Spain not eligible as senators in their own right; and various senior officials after two years of service (such as certain general officers—lieutenant generals and vice admirals—and members of higher courts and state institutions);"State" heads of diplomatic missions abroad (ambassadors after two years, and plenipotentiaries after four); heads and full academics in the royal academies; chief engineers; and full professors with four years of service; Provided an income of Pts 20,000 or being taxpayers with a minimum quota of Pts 4,000 in direct taxes (paid two years in advance): Spanish nobility; and former deputies, provincial deputies or mayors in provincial capitals or towns over 20,000; Having served as senators before the promulgation of the 1876 Constitution. Other ineligibility provisions for the Senate also applied to a number of territorial officials within their areas of jurisdiction, during their term of office and up to three months afterwards; public contractors; tax collectors; and public debtors.Law of 8 February 1877 arts. 5–6. Incompatibility rules barred representing multiple constituencies simultaneously, as well as combining:Constitution 1876 arts. 25 & 31; Law of 8 February 1877 arts. 5–10; Law of 7 March 1880 arts. 1–4 (am. amended by Law of 31 July 1887 single art.); Law of 26 June 1890 art. 81. The role of senator with other legislative roles (deputy, senator and local councillor, except those in Madrid; and provincial deputies within their respective provinces); or with any public post not explicitly permitted under Senate eligibility requirements; The role of deputy with any other civil, military or judicial post, with exceptions—and as many as 40 deputies allowed to simultaneously benefit from these—including a number of specific posts based in Madrid, such as any of the aforementioned ones (provided a public salary of Pts 12,500); senior court officials; university authorities and professors; chief engineers; and general officers. Results Congress of Deputies + ← Summary of the 26 April 1903 Congress of Deputies election results → center|400px Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats Votes % Conservative Party (PC) 228 Liberal Party (PL) 95 Republican Union (UR) 28 Democratic Party (PD) 9 Federal Republican Party (PRF) 8 Liberal Reformist Party (PLR) 7 Traditionalist Communion (Carlist) (CT) 7 Tetuanist Conservatives (T) 6 Regionalist League (LR) 4 Integrist Party (PI) 3 Independents (INDEP) 8 Total 403 Votes cast / turnout Abstentions Registered voters SourcesArmengol i Segú Varela Ortega 2001 655–77627 April 1903 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=e3ecb73a-2974-437c-a8c7-282d12dbc0d9 Elecciones es National Library of Spain El Siglo Futuro 13 October 202227 April 1903 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=45a49c0f-e642-4154-9447-4d177896624b&page=3 Las elecciones es National Library of Spain La Época 13 October 202227 April 1903 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=46c9f3d6-111d-4c91-a8ed-08535e0e6616&page=2 Elecciones en provincias es National Library of Spain El Liberal 13 October 202228 April 1903 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=809ee805-5971-40f1-99e1-d410fb9c4194&page=2 El resultado de las elecciones es National Library of Spain El País 13 October 202228 April 1903 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=39dcb802-d3d5-4bc0-a19d-d4d9a7ce6ba1&page=2 Las elecciones es National Library of Spain El Globo 13 October 202228 April 1903 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=bfb5f856-33ff-4e4a-94f4-5e89fdaacf21&page=2 El futuro Congreso es National Library of Spain La Época 13 October 20221 January 1904 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=d6250297-d522-4fd3-b6a5-07f0a5dc57c9&page=144 Abril de 1903. Día 26. Elección general. Diputados proclamados es National Library of Spain El Año Político 13 October 2022 Seats #ddd 550px 500px PC Conservative Party (Spain) 56.58 PL Liberal Party (Spain, 1880) 23.57 UR Republican Union (Spain, 1903) 6.95 PD Democratic Party (Spain, 1902) 2.23 PRF Federal Democratic Republican Party 1.99 CT Traditionalist Communion 1.74 PLR Liberal Reformist Party (Spain) 1.74 T Tetuanists 1.49 LR Regionalist League 0.99 PI Integrist Party 0.74 INDEP Independent politician 1.99 Senate + ← Summary of the 10 May 1903 Senate of Spain election results → center|375px Parties and alliances Seats Conservative Party (PC) 101 Liberal Party (PL) 50 Tetuanist Conservatives (T) 6 Democratic Party (PD) 4 Regionalist League (LR) 2 Republican Union (UR) 1 Traditionalist Communion (Carlist) (CT) 1 Federal Republicans Party (PRF) 1 Liberal Reformist Party (PLR) 1 Independents (INDEP) 4 Archbishops (ARCH) 9 Total elective seats 180 Sources10 May 1903 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=4ec85796-e092-4a45-8f40-68201728b58f&page=2 Las elecciones de senadores en provincias es National Library of Spain La Época 31 October 202211 May 1903 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=fb130a0d-7d0e-4686-8e90-bb57ca6650d2&page=2 Las elecciones de senadores es National Library of Spain El Imparcial 30 October 202211 May 1903 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=ad6eca39-f287-4f08-9604-7b2c1cb30c18 Elecciones de senadores es National Library of Spain El Liberal 30 October 202211 May 1903 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=d93fe8ba-04b8-43e8-a218-6fcf7e318483 Senadores electos es National Library of Spain El Globo 30 October 202211 May 1903 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=40498a31-fa89-4335-b933-874600328050&page=2 Las elecciones de senadores es National Library of Spain El Siglo Futuro 31 October 20221 January 1904 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=d6250297-d522-4fd3-b6a5-07f0a5dc57c9&page=168 Mayo de 1903. Día 10. Elección de Senadores es National Library of Spain El Año Político 30 October 2022 Seats #ddd 550px 500px PC Conservative Party (Spain) 56.11 PL Liberal Party (Spain, 1880) 27.78 T Tetuanists 3.33 PD Democratic Party (Spain, 1902) 2.22 LR Regionalist League 1.11 UR Republican Union (Spain, 1903) 0.56 PRF Federal Democratic Republican Party 0.56 CT Traditionalist Communion 0.56 PLR Liberal Reformist Party (Spain) 0.56 INDEP Independent politician 2.22 ARCH Nonpartisan 5.00 Maps Distribution by group + Summary of political group distribution in the 11th Restoration Cortes (1903–1905) Group Parties and alliances C Congress of Deputies S Senate Total PC Conservative Party (PC) 227 99 329 Basque Dynastics (Urquijist) (DV) 1 2 PL Liberal Party (PL) 93 49 145 Liberal Coalition (CL) 2 1 UR Republican Union (UR) 28 1 29 PD Democratic Party (PD) 9 4 13 T Tetuanist Conservatives (T) 6 6 12 PRF Federal Republican Party (PRF) 8 1 9 CT Traditionalist Communion (Carlist) (CT) 7 1 8 PLR Liberal Reformist Party (PLR) 7 1 8 LR Regionalist League (LR) 4 2 6 PI Integrist Party (PI) 3 0 3 INDEP Independents (INDEP) 6 4 12 Independent Catholics (CAT) 2 0 ARCH Archbishops (ARCH) 0 9 9 Total 403 180 583 Notes References Bibliography Legislation 30em y Ley mandando que los distritos para las elecciones de Diputados a Cortes sean los que se expresan en la división adjunta Law 1 January 1871 Madrid Gazette es https://boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1871/027/A00217-00232.pdf 21 August 2022 Law of 1 January 1871 y Constitución de la Monarquía Española Constitution 30 June 1876 Madrid Gazette es https://boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1876/184/A00009-00012.pdf 19 August 2022 Constitution 1876 y Ley electoral de Senadores Law 8 February 1877 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1877/041/A00373-00375.pdf 19 August 2022 Law of 8 February 1877 y Ley electoral de los Diputados a Cortes Law 28 December 1878 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1878/364/A00885-00890.pdf 19 August 2022 Law of 28 December 1878 y Ley enumerando los empleos con los cuales es compatible el cargo de Diputado a Cortes Law 7 March 1880 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1880/069/A00623-00623.pdf 15 August 2025 Law of 7 March 1880 y Ley dividiendo la provincia de Guipúzcoa en distritos para la elección de Diputados a Cortes Law 23 June 1885 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1885/175/A00877-00878.pdf 6 May 2023 Law of 23 June 1885 y Ley dividiendo el distrito electoral de Tarrasa en dos, que se denominarán de Tarrasa y de Sabadell Law 18 January 1887 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1887/022/A00211-00211.pdf 6 May 2023 Law of 18 January 1887 y Ley reformando el art. 4º. de la ley de Incompatibilidades Law 31 July 1887 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1887/216/A00347-00347.pdf 15 August 2025 Law of 31 July 1887 y Ley fijando la división de la provincia de Álava en distritos electorales para Diputados a Cortes Law 10 July 1888 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1888/193/A00117-00117.pdf 6 May 2023 Law of 10 July 1888 y Ley electoral para Diputados a Cortes Law 26 June 1890 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1890/180/A00901-00908.pdf 19 August 2022 Law of 26 June 1890 y Ley disponiendo que las primeras y sucesivas elecciones que se verifiquen en la provincia de Zamora se dividirá en siete distritos en la forma que se expresa Law 18 June 1895 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1895/170/A01001-01001.pdf 14 August 2025 Law of 18 June 1895 y Leyes aprobando la división electoral de las provincias de León y Vizcaya Law 2 August 1895 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1895/216/A00457-00458.pdf 6 May 2023 Law of 2 August 1895 y Leyes aprobando la división electoral en las provincias de Sevilla y de Barcelona Law 5 July 1898 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1898/190/A00140-00140.pdf 22 September 2022 Law of 5 July 1898 y Real decreto disponiendo el número de Senadores que han de elegir las provincias que se citan Royal Decree 16 March 1899 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1899/076/A01021-01021.pdf 11 October 2025 Royal Decree of 16 March 1899 y Ley mandando que en lo sucesivo sean cuatro los Diputados a Cortes que elegirá la circunscripción electoral de Cartagena Law 7 August 1899 Madrid Gazette es https://boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1899/222/A00517-00517.pdf 10 October 2022 Law of 7 August 1899 y Ley estableciendo una circunscripción para elegir tres Diputados a Cortes, que la constituirán los cuatro partidos judiciales de Ayamonte, Hueva, Moguer y la Palma, con todas las poblaciones que de ellos forman parte Law 24 March 1902 Madrid Gazette es https://boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1902/086/A01315-01315.pdf 30 October 2022 Law of 24 March 1902 y Real decreto declarando disueltos al Congreso de los Diputados y parte electiva del Senado, y disponiendo que las Cortes se reúnan en Madrid el 18 de Mayo próximo Royal Decree 26 March 1903 Madrid Gazette es https://boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1903/086/A01313-01313.pdf 18 August 2025 Royal Decree of 26 March 1903 Other 30em Fernández Almagro Melchor 1943 Las Cortes del siglo XIX y la práctica electoral https://www.cepc.gob.es/sites/default/files/2022-01/6973rep009-010430.pdf Madrid Centre for Political and Constitutional Studies es Revista de Estudios Políticos 9–10 383–419 0048-7694 16 December 2020 Calero Antonio María 1987 La prerrogativa regia en la Restauración: teoría y práctica (1875-1902) https://www.cepc.gob.es/sites/default/files/2021-12/16390repne055275.pdf Madrid Centre for Political and Constitutional Studies es Revista de Estudios Políticos 55 273–315 0048-7694 Ortega Álvarez Luis Santaolaya Machetti Pablo 1996 Evolución histórica del sistema electoral español https://revista.cortesgenerales.es/rcg/article/view/784 es Cortes Generales Revista de las Cortes Generales 37 0213-0130 10.33426/rcg/1996/37/784 65–107 free Martorell Linares Miguel Ángel 1997 La crisis parlamentaria de 1913-1917. La quiebra del sistema de relaciones parlamentarias de la Restauración https://www.cepc.gob.es/sites/default/files/2021-12/17089repne096139.pdf Madrid Centre for Political and Constitutional Studies es Revista de Estudios Políticos 96 137–161 0048-7694 Martínez Ruiz Enrique Maqueda Abreu Consuelo De Diego Emilio 1999 Atlas histórico de España. El Reinado de Alfonso XIII (1902-1931) https://books.google.com/books?id=U_RL9S5uSF8C&pg=PA121 es 2 Bilbao Ediciones KAL 121–132 9788470903502 Armengol i Segú Josep Varela Ortega José 2001 El poder de la influencia: geografía del caciquismo en España (1875-1923) https://books.google.com/books?id=QY99T3Mg5ykC es Madrid Marcial Pons 655–776 9788425911521 García Muñoz Montserrat 2002 La documentación electoral y el fichero histórico de diputados https://revistas.ucm.es/index.php/RGID/article/view/RGID0202120093A es Revista General de Información y Documentación 12 1 93–137 1132-1873 13 September 2020 Carreras de Odriozola Albert Tafunell Sambola Xavier 2005 1989 Estadísticas históricas de España, siglos XIX-XX http://www.fbbva.es/TLFU/dat/autores.pdf es 1 Bilbao Fundación BBVA 1072–1097 II 84-96515-00-1 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20150924010950/http://www.fbbva.es/TLFU/dat/autores.pdf 24 September 2015 dmy-all De Miguel Salanova Santiago La Unión Republicana en el corazón de la Monarquía. El triunfo electoral de 1903 https://addi.ehu.eus/handle/10810/38306 Madrid University of the Basque Country es Historia Contemporánea 2016 53 553–591 10.1387/hc.16732 1130-2402 free 10810/38306 free Martínez Relanzón Alejandro Political Modernization in Spain Between 1876 and 1923 https://journals.umcs.pl/k/article/view/4152/5068 Madrid Maria Curie-Skłodowska University Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, Sectio K 24 1 2017 10.17951/k.2017.24.1.145 145–154 159328027 free Category:1903 elections in Spain 1903 Category:April 1903 in Europe Category:May 1903 in Europe