1948 Jhalawan rebellion

Rebellion by Agha Abdul Karim in the Kalat region 1948 Jhalawan rebellion Insurgency in Balochistan Map of Baluchistan from The Imperial Gazetteer of India (1907-1909).jpg Map of the Baluchistan Agency 1948 Jhalawan, Kalat, Balochistan Pakistani victory Suppression of rebellion Surrender of Agha Abdul Karim and Muhammad Rahim Pakistan recaptures Jhalawan Pakistan 22px|border Kalat insurgents Pakistan 22px|border Dosht-e Jhalawan Pakistan Khawaja Nazimuddin Pakistan Liaquat Ali Khan QalatFlag.svg Agha Abdul Karim QalatFlag.svg Muhammad Rahim Unknown ~1,000 militants Unknown Unknown In July 1948, Agha Abdul Karim, brother of the Khan of Kalat, Ahmad Yar Khan, instigated a rebellion in the Jhalawan region against the Pakistani government in response to the Khan's signing of Kalat's instrument of accession to Pakistan. It was the first instance of the insurgency in Balochistan. Karim formed the Dosht-i Jhalawan militia of about 1,000 militants and captured Jhalawan for a while. However, Pakistani forces quickly recaptured the fallen territory and Karim fled into neighbouring Afghanistan. He was later arrested by Pakistani authorities. Background Balochistan contained a Chief Commissioner's province and four princely states under the British Raj. The province's Shahi Jirga and the non-official members of the Quetta Municipality opted for Pakistan unanimously on 29 June 1947.Cheema Riemer 1990 60 Three of the princely states, Makran, Lasbela and Kharan, acceded to Pakistan in 1947 after independence.Syed Farooq Hasnat Global Security Watch—Pakistan https://books.google.com/books?id=KiELa2EoA04C 2011 ABC-CLIO 978-0-313-34698-9 78 The ruler of the fourth princely state, the Khan of Kalat, Ahmad Yar Khan, who used to call Jinnah his 'father', declared Kalat's independence as this was one of the options given to all of the 535 princely states by British Prime Minister Clement Attlee.Bennett Jones Owen Pakistan: Eye of the storm https://books.google.com/books?id=t8iYEgPYG_EC&pg=PA132 2003 Yale University Press 978-0-300-10147-8 2nd Revised 132 Conflict Kalat finally acceded to Pakistan on 27 March 1948 after the 'strange help' of All India Radio and a period of negotiations and bureaucratic tactics used by Pakistan.The princely India Yaqoob Khan Bangash http://tns.thenews.com.pk/the-princely-india/ 10 May 2015 The News on Sunday 25 December 2015 25 December 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151225043014/http://tns.thenews.com.pk/the-princely-india/#.WNR5woWcHIV The signing of the Instrument of Accession by Ahmad Yar Khan, led his brother, Agha Abdul Karim, to revolt against his brother's decision in July 1948.https://books.google.com/books?id=nzivCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA82 State and Nation-Building in Pakistan: Beyond Islam and Security Roger D. Gurharpal Yunas Talbot Ian Routledge 2015 978-1-317-44820-4 82 Long Singh Samad Princes Karim Khan and Muhammad Rahim refused to lay down their arms and led the Dosht-e Jhalawan (numbering around 1000 militants)https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA557735252&sid=googleScholar&v=2.1&it=r&linkaccess=abs&issn=18196462&p=AONE&sw=w&userGroupName=anon%7E947a5920&aty=open-web-entry Kalati and Insurgency in Balochistan in unconventional attacks on the army.Qaiser Butt Princely Liaisons: The Khan family controls politics in Kalat http://tribune.com.pk/story/538820/princely-liaisons-the-khan-family-controls-politics-in-kalat/ The Express Tribune 22 April 2013https://books.google.com/books?id=2-3QcOx2hogC&dq=First+Balochistan+conflict+-wikipedia&pg=PA170 The Redefined Dimensions of Baloch Nationalists 978-1-4568-9533-4 Akbar Malik Siraj 30 March 2011 Xlibris Corporation https://books.google.com/books?id=g97mAgAAQBAJ&dq=First+Balochistan+conflict+-wikipedia&pg=SA5-PA25 Fields of Fire 2009 Lulu.com 978-0-9554657-7-2 https://www.academia.edu/104737734 conflicts in western Asiahttps://books.google.com/books?id=jZQ3kwEACAAJ Conflict and Insecurity in Balochistan 2012 Narratives Publication 978-969-9370-10-6 https://books.google.com/books?id=NSwauwAACAAJ The Khanate of Kalat and the Genesis of Baluch Nationalism 978-0-19-906592-9 Axmann Martin 2 August 2012 OUP Pakistan Capture of Jhalawan The Baloch militants captured the area of Jhalawan and used it as a base to stage further operations against Pakistani armed forces; after an offensive Pakistani forces were able to recapture this area. The militants suffered heavy casualties and were demoralised which ultimately contributed to their surrender.https://thekhorasandiary.com/en/2023/04/04/timeline-of-insurgency-in-balochistan timeline of insurgency in Balochistan Foreign involvement Prince Karim Khan and some other Baloch separatist leaders such as Qadir Bakhsh Nizamani, Muhammad Hussain Anqa, Malik Saeed Dehwar, and Moulvi Muhammad Afzal, went to Afghanistan in May 1948, to obtain material and financial support from the Afghan government and the Soviet Union, but they failed to obtain any financial or military assistance although Agha Abdul Karim was granted refuge in Afghanistan.Akbar Malik Siraj Redefined dimensions of Baloch: nationalist movement Xlibris Corporation 2011 978-1-4568-9532-7 Bloomington 275 English 1135418453 The Afghan government wanted to rather annex Balochistan as it was in desperately in need of a sea port. Prince Karim failed to get any support from the Afghan government and the local Balochs, who were not interested in rebelling against the government of Pakistan. Surrender and aftermath On 15 July 1948, officials confirmed his arrest. The arrest took place at Harbol, a location approximately 16 miles from the city of Kalat.https://www.dawn.com/news/1765040 From The Past Pages Of Dawn: 1948: Seventy-five years ago: Rebel prince arrested From the Newspaper July 16, 2023 Dawn Some accounts indicate the surrender was negotiated under assurances of amnesty.1948: Abdul Karim's reign https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/1948-abdul-karim-s-reign/story-YLPxTVupIBEZC1Zb98yCmM.html Hindustan Times 28 August 2006 20 December 2025 Before his arrest, he entered Kalat State territory accompanied by a force of approximately 500 armed personnel which led to an exchange of fire with Pakistani troops, numbering around 800, and resulted in two fatalities and several injuries among Karim's followers. While the majority of the armed force evaded capture, Karim and 126 associates were detained. The prisoners were subsequently transferred to the district jail in Quetta. He was tried by a special jirga and sentenced to ten years of imprisonment and was kept in Mach Jail until his death.Zeb Rizwan Roots of resentment https://thefridaytimes.com/29-Jul-2016/roots-of-resentment The Friday Times 29 July 2016 20 December 2025 In 1950, other Kalat militants returned to Pakistan upon being granted amnesty by some Baloch statesmen and Pakistani government however on their return, they were arrested against the truce and sentenced to ten years in Haripur jail.https://tribune.com.pk/story/554511/balochistan-conundrum-khan-of-kalats-return-is-a-distant-possibility Return of Kalati khans is a distant possibility Jinnah and his successors allowed Yar Khan to retain his title until the province's dissolution in 1955. Eight years later in 1958, Second Kalat Rebellion, which lasted until 1960.https://books.google.com/books?id=iD0-AQAAIAAJ&q=nawab+Nauroz+Khan The All Pakistan Legal Decisions 1972Ahmed Akbar https://books.google.com/books?id=n_YMKlVfFLkC&dq=nawab+Nauroz+Khan&pg=PA139 The Thistle and the Drone 27 February 2013 Rowman & Littlefield 978-0-8157-2379-0Siddiqi Farhan Hanif https://books.google.com/books?id=tDb6i9x1FKgC&dq=Nawab+Nauroz+Khan&pg=PA63 The Politics of Ethnicity in Pakistan 2012 Routledge 978-0-415-68614-3https://www.bartleby.com/essay/Othe-Native-Population-And-Original-Form-Of-PKZY3CVKL847Q Native Population And Original Form Of GovernmentRecalling Baloch history https://tribune.com.pk/story/188798/recalling-baloch-history References Sources https://books.google.com/books?id=CX6xCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA60 Pakistan's Defence Policy 1947-58 22 August 1990 Palgrave Macmillan UK 978-1-349-20942-2 Cheema Riemer Pervaiz I Manuel Category:Insurgency in Balochistan Category:Baloch nationalism Category:Wars involving Pakistan Category:Khanate of Kalat