1096 Eichō earthquake

Earthquake and tsunami in Japan yes 17 December 1096 Japan w y 8.0–8.5 39.50 140.40 type:event inline,title Japan 7 mTsunami Event Information https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/tsunami/event-more-info/96 National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service: NCEI/WDS Global Historical Tsunami Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information 20 June 2025 10.7289/V5PN93H7 National Geophysical Data Center The 1096 Eicho earthquake affected the coast of Japan on 17 December during the Heian period. It is postulated by geologists to be a large megathrust earthquake along the Nankai subduction zone off southern Honshu with a magnitude between 8.0 and 8.5. The earthquake also generated a destructive tsunami with a maximum height of 7 m. Tectonic setting 250px|thumb|Segments of the Nankai subduction zone with segment Z omitted The Nankai Trough delineates a subduction zone along the southwestern coast of Honshu where the Philippine Sea plate subducts northwestward beneath the Amurian plate. This fault zone has been the source of several large megathrust earthquakes in historic times with moment magnitudes of 8.0 or greater. The Nankai megathrust can be divided into three segments from east to west; Nankai, Tonankai and Tokai. These are further segmented into regions A and B for the Nankai segment; C and D for the Nankai segment; and E for the Tokai segment. Another segment west of the Nankai segment is known as Hyuganada (region Z). Scientists have identified patterns in the historic ruptures on the Nankai Trough; the Nankai segment may rupture with the Tokai or Tonankai segments or these segments may rupture in one earthquake. Another pattern involves the Nankai segment rupture separated by up to three years before the Tokai or Tonankai segments ruptures. The return period for w 8.5 earthquakes on the Nankai Trough is estimated at 400 to 600 years with the last example in 1707. The 1707 earthquake is the only event to have ruptured all segments of the Nankai Trough though there is uncertainty over whether the Tokai segment ruptured.Hirose Fuyuki Maeda Kenji Fujita Kenichi Kobayashi Akio Simulation of great earthquakes along the Nankai Trough: reproduction of event history, slip areas of the Showa Tonankai and Nankai earthquakes, heterogeneous slip-deficit rates, and long-term slow slip events Earth, Planets and Space 2022 74 13 131 10.1186/s40623-022-01689-0 free 2022EP&S...74..131H Earthquake Seismologist Hiroshi Kawasum provided the first estimate of the earthquake's magnitude at 7.0 on the energy class magnitude scale k.Kawazumi Hiroshi Measures of Earthquake Danger and Expectancy of Maximum Intensity Throughout Japan as Inferred from the Seismic Activity in Historical Times Bulletin of the Earthquake Research Institute 1951 29 3 469–482 10.15083/0000034145 Tatsuo Usami placed the moment magnitude at 8.0 to 8.5 while Tokuji Utsu and others placed the magnitude at 8.3.Usami Tatsuo 最新版 日本被害地震総覧 Latest Edition: Comprehensive List of Damaging Earthquakes in Japan 2003 University of Tokyo Press 41-42 ja 978-4-13-060742-1Utsu Tokuji Shima Etsuzo Yoshii Toshiaki Yamashina Kenichiro 地震の事典 ja Encyclopedia of Earthquakes 2001 Asakura Publishing Based on the observation of strong ground motion in the Kinai, Lake Biwa, and Ibi River areas, and a destructive tsunami in Tsu and Suruga, regions C and D of the Nankai subduction zone (in the Enshū and Kumano seas) were likely the location of the rupture. Additionally, the rupture may have extended beneath Suruga Bay involving region E.Ishibashi Katsuhiko 文献史料からみた東海・南海巨大地震 The Tokai and Nankai Great Earthquakes as seen from historical documents Chigaku Zasshi 1999 104 4 10.5026/jgeography.108.4_399石橋克彦, 2002, フィリピン海スラブ沈み込みの境界条件としての東海・南海巨大地震-史料地震学による概要-, 京都大学防災研究所研究集会13K-7 報告書, 1-9. Impact Japanese court noble Munetada Fujiwara documented the earthquake's damage to several temples in his journal titled Chūyūki. Fujiwara wrote of a large bell at the Tōdai-ji which fell while a corridor of the Yakushi-ji collapsed. At the Hōjō-ji, a sōrin toppled, and two pagodas of the Hosshō-ji were damaged.https://doi.org/10.5026/jgeography.108.4_399 10.5026/jgeography.108.4_399 Historical Seismology of Next Generation. Great Tokai and Nankai, Japan, Earthquakes as Revealed by Historical Seismology. 1. Review of the Events until the mid-14th Century 1999 Ishibashi Katsuhiko Journal of Geography (Chigaku Zasshi) 108 4 399–423 The document also recorded serious damage in Kyoto including a collapse of the Seta Bridge. At present-day Tsu in Mie Prefecture, many homes were destroyed by a tsunami.Yada Toshifumi 中世の巨大地震 Great earthquakes in the Middle Ages ja 2009 Yoshikawa Kōbunkan 9784642056649 Fujiwara no Moromichi said that more than 400 shrines, temples, and houses were swept away by the tsunami in Suruga Province. See also List of earthquakes in Japan References Category:1090s in Japan Category:Earthquakes in Japan Category:1096 in Asia Category:Tsunamis in Japan