1984 in science

none 1984 science 1984 The year 1984 in science and technology involved some significant events. Astronomy and space exploration February 7 – Astronauts Bruce McCandless II and Robert L. Stewart make the first untethered space walk. The National Radio Astronomy Observatory in the United States converts the 36-foot radio telescope on Kitt Peak (originally built in 1967) to the ARO 12m Radio Telescope. Biology First known case of Bovine spongiform encephalopathy, in England.David Brown The 'recipe for disaster' that killed 80 and left a £5bn bill https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1371964/The-recipe-for-disaster-that-killed-80-and-left-a-5bn-bill.html 2014-12-02 2001-06-19 The Daily Telegraph London The enzyme telomerase is discovered by Carol W. Greider and Elizabeth Blackburn in the ciliate Tetrahymena.Greider Carol W. Blackburn Elizabeth H. Identification of a Specific Telomere Terminal Transferase Activity in Tetrahymena Extracts Cell 43 2:1 405–13 December 1985 3907856 10.1016/0092-8674(85)90170-9 free Danish physiologist Steen Willadsen first successfully uses cells from early embryos to clone a mammal (sheep) by nuclear transfer at the British Agricultural Research Council's Institute of Animal Physiology, Cambridge.Willadsen S. M. 1986 Nuclear transplantation in sheep embryos Nature 320 6057 63–65 10.1038/320063a0 3951549 1986Natur.320...63W 4257911 Willadsen S. M. 1989 Cloning of sheep and cow embryos Genome 31 2 956–62 10.1139/g89-167 2698854 Chemistry and physics Peter Kramer10.1107/S0108767384001203 On periodic and non-periodic space fillings of Em obtained by projection 1984 Kramer P. Neri R. Acta Crystallographica A40 580 5 1984AcCrA..40..580K and Dan Shechtman10.1103/PhysRevLett.53.1951 Metallic Phase with Long-Range Orientational Order and No Translational Symmetry 1984 Shechtman D. Blech I. Gratias D. Cahn J. Physical Review Letters 53 1951–4 1984PhRvL..53.1951S 20 free publish their discoveries of what will soon afterwards be named quasicrystals.10.1103/PhysRevLett.53.2477 Quasicrystals: A New Class of Ordered Structures 1984 Levine Dov Steinhardt Paul Joseph Paul Steinhardt Physical Review Letters 53 2477–80 1984PhRvL..53.2477L 26 free Hiroshi Kobayashi and colleagues announce synthesis of tetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate ("BARF").Nishida H. N. Takada M. Yoshimura T. Sonods H. Kobayshi Tetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate: Highly Lipophilic Stable Anionic Agent for Solvent-Extraction of Cations Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan 1984 57 9 2600–2604 10.1246/bcsj.57.2600 Computer science January 24 – Apple Computer places the Macintosh personal computer on sale in the United States. It will be the first successful PC to use a graphical user interface. The first edition of language documentation Common Lisp the Language (known as CLtL1) is published in the United States. History of science Robert Gwyn Macfarlane publishes Alexander Fleming: The Man and the Myth. Paleontology The fossil skeleton of the hominid "Turkana Boy" is discovered in Kenya. Physiology and medicine January – Seasonal affective disorder is formally described and named by Norman E. Rosenthal MD and colleagues in the United States as a mood disorder.Rosenthal N. E. etal January 1984 Seasonal affective disorder: a description of the syndrome and preliminary findings with light therapy Archives of General Psychiatry 41 1 72–80 10.1001/archpsyc.1984.01790120076010 2686645 6581756 February 3 – Dr John Buster and the research team at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center announce history's first embryo transfer from one woman to another resulting in a live birth. April 22 – Dr Robert Gallo and Margaret Heckler of United States Public Health Service announce the discovery of HTLV-III as the virus that causes AIDS. May 10 – Barbara H. Bowman and Oliver Smithies show that variations in haptoglobins are due to genetic polymorphisms.Nobuyo Maeda Funmei Yang Don R. Barnett Barbara H. Bowman Oliver Smithies Duplication within the haptoglobin Hp 2 gene Nature 309 5964 131–135 1984 10.1038/309131a0 6325933 1984Natur.309..131M 4368535 Technology May 5 – Itaipu Dam in South America begins to generate hydroelectricity. July 21 – In Jackson, Michigan, a factory robot crushes a worker against a safety bar in apparently the first robot-related death in the United States. Awards Nobel Prizes Physics – Carlo Rubbia, Simon van der Meer Chemistry – Robert Bruce Merrifield Medicine – Niels K. Jerne, Georges J. F. Köhler, César Milstein Turing Award – Niklaus Wirth Births May 14 – Mark Zuckerberg, American computer programmer and entrepreneur, co-founder of social media platform Facebook. December 2 – Maryna Viazovska, Ukrainian-born mathematician.https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-society/3522571-ukrainian-viazovska-wins-fields-medal-2022.html Ukrainian Viazovska wins Fields Medal 2022 www.ukrinform.net July 2022 2022-07-09 2022-07-07 https://web.archive.org/web/20220707010822/https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-society/3522571-ukrainian-viazovska-wins-fields-medal-2022.html live Deaths January 8 – Eerik Kumari (b. 1912), Estonian ornithologist and academic. February 21 – Anna Baetjer (b. 1899), American toxicologist. April 8 – Pyotr Kapitsa (b. 1894), Russian physicist, Nobel Prize laureate. April 15 – Grete Hermann (b. 1901), German mathematician and philosopher. May 13 – Stanislaw Ulam (b. 1909), Polish American mathematician. May 24 – Sir Stanley Hooker (b. 1907), English aeronautical engineer. August 6 – Abraham Lilienfeld (b. 1920), American epidemiologist. August 11 – George Streisinger (b. 1927), Hungarian American molecular biologist, the first person to clone a vertebrate. October 20 – Paul Dirac (b. 1902), English-born physicist. November 20 – Charles C. Conley (b. 1933), American mathematician working on dynamical systems. December 20 – Stanley Milgram (b. 1933), American social psychologist. References Category:20th century in science Category:1980s in science