1390s in England

none Events from the 1390s in England. Incumbents Monarch – Richard II (to 30 September 1399), then Henry IV Events 1390 September – the future King Henry IV of England supports the Teutonic Knights at the siege of Vilnius in the Lithuanian Civil War.Gudavičius Edvardas Edvardas Gudavičius Lietuvos istorija. Nuo seniausių laikų iki 1569 metų Lietuvos rašytojų sąjungos leidykla 1999 Vilnius 173–174 9986-39-112-1 lt 12 November – the Parliament of England, having been summoned on September 12 by King Richard, opens at Westminster, and the House of Commons elects Sir James Pickering as its Speaker. 3 December – the King gives royal assent to numerous laws passed as the English Parliament adjourns after a 3-week session, including the Pardon of Offences Act (requiring the specification of the offense for which the person is being pardoned by the King) and the Enforcement of the 1351 Statute of Provisors (providing forfeiture of office for certain violations, such as accepting benefices from the Pope).Chronological Table of the Statutes: Covering the Period from 1235 to the End of 1971 Her Majesty's Stationery Office London 1972 lUMIAAAAMAAJ 26 26 978-0-11-840096-1 Google Books Another statute forbids retainers from wearing livery whilst off-duty. John Gower's poem Confessio Amantis is completed. Approximate date – The Forme of Cury, the earliest collection of recipes in the English language, is written. 1391 3 November–3 December – Parliament, summoned by the King on 7 September, meets at Westminster and re-asserts royal prerogatives. The King gives royal assent to Acts including the Forcible Entry Act 1391 (enforcing the Act of 1381) and the Admiralty Jurisdiction Act 1391. 1392 By April – Thomas of Woodstock, 1st Duke of Gloucester, is created Lieutenant of Ireland by his nephew the King but forbidden actually to travel there. 29 May – following the Fleet Street riot in London, King Richard summons Lord Mayor of London, John Hende, along with the London sheriff and deputies and aldermen to appear before him at Nottingham Castle for a hearing on unspecified charges.Rawcliffe Carole The History of Parliament Vanner, Henry (d.1395), of London The House of Commons 1386–1421 1993 Boydell & Brewer https://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1386-1421/member/vanner-henry-1395 2025-12-16 25 June – at a hearing at Nottingham, the King Richard orders that Lord Mayor Hende is to be arrested, removed from office and imprisoned.Caroline Barron Barron Caroline Carlin Martha Rosenthal Joel T. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/250624128.pdf Medieval London: Collected Papers of Caroline M. Barron 2017 Research in Medieval and Early Modern Culture 9 33-36 22 July – after a second hearing at Nottingham, former London Mayor John Hende and other imprisoned city officials are assessed a fine and released from prison after posting bond to secure their return for future charges. Penistone Grammar School, which will in the late 20th century become one of the first community comprehensive schools in England, is founded near Barnsley. 1393 20 January – the English Parliament, summoned on November 23 last by King Richard, assembles at Winchester. 10 February – the English Parliament adjourns after three weeks and the passage of numerous laws. Among the acts given royal assent are the Trade Act 1392 ("No merchant stranger shall buy or sell with another merchant stranger to sell again"), the Statute of Praemunire (which outlaws appealing an English court case to the Pope if the King of England objects, or for anyone to act in a way that recognises papal authority (such as Papal bulls or excommunications) over the authority of the king) and the Weights and Measures Act 1392 ("The clerk of the market shall carry with him all his weights and measures signed.")Chronological Table of the Statutes: Covering the Period from 1235 to the End of 1971 Her Majesty's Stationery Office London 1972 lUMIAAAAMAAJ 27 27 978-0-11-840096-1 Google Books 13 September – Sir Walter Devereux, a prominent knight of Herefordshire, is dispatched by King Richard to suppress the Lollards, activists, led by Walter Brut, seeking a reformation of the Catholic church in the county.William Henry Cooke, Collections Towards the History and Antiquities of the County of Hereford in continuation of Duncumb's History. Hundred of Grimsworth (London: John Murray, publisher, 1892) p.12 3 October – Lollard leader Walter Brut is put on trial for heresy before the Bishop of Hereford, Thomas Trefnant, but is acquitted. https://books.google.com/books?id=fRevCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA337 John Wyclif: A Study of the English Medieval Church, Volume 2 Herbert B. Workman Wipf and Stock Publishers 2012 337 9781620325704 Hundred Years' War: Peace negotiations between England and France at Calais. Rebellion in northern England protesting at these negotiations is quickly suppressed. The hammerbeam roof of Westminster Hall is commissioned from royal carpenter Hugh Herland.http://www.parliament.uk/about/living-heritage/building/palace/westminsterhall/architecture/the-hammer-beam-roof-/ The hammer-beam roof UK Parliament 2012-03-20 Approximate date – Julian of Norwich begins to write Revelations of Divine Love about her sixteen mystical visions. 1394 28 January – the English Parliament, summoned by King Richard, opens its session after having been summoned on November 13, 1393, and elects Sir John Bussy as speaker of the Commons. 28 February – the King grants Geoffrey Chaucer 20 pounds a year for life, for his services as a diplomat and Clerk of The King's Works.Geoffrey Chaucer The Poetical Works of Geoffrey Chaucer https://archive.org/details/poeticalworksge04morrgoog 1866 Bell and Daldy 37 6 March – the English Parliament closes after a 37 day session. Among the acts receiving royal assent are the Money Act (prohibiting the melting of money and the import of foreign money), the Cloths Act ("Every person may make cloth of what length and breadth he will."), and the Exportation of Corn Act (allowing all of the King's subjects to ship grain from the Kingdom). 2 October – King Richard leads an expedition to Ireland to enforce his rule there.Williams Hywel Cassell's Chronology of World History https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will/page/170 registration London Weidenfeld & Nicolson 2005 0-304-35730-8 170–171 However, in the Battle of Ros-Mhic-Thriúin, the Kingdom of Leinster, led by King Art Óg Mac Murchadha Caomhánach (Art MacMurrough-Kavanagh), defeats the English army led by King Richard and Roger Mortimer, 4th Earl of March. 11 December – John/Eleanor Rykener, a transvestite male prostitute (and embroiderer) working mainly in London, but also active in Oxford and elsewhere (and consorting with some who have taken religious vows), is interrogated by the Mayor of London following his arrest near Cheapside,Goldberg Jeremy 2014 John Rykener, Richard II, and the Governance of London Leeds Studies in English 45 54 819172511 https://archive.org/details/lse-2014-whole-issue leaving a rare surviving legal record from this period which mentions same-sex intercourse. 25 December – Richard defines the borders of English rule in Ireland; later to become known as the English Pale. First scholars enter Winchester College. 1395 27 January–15 February – the 22nd English Parliament of King Richard meets after being summoned last November 20, with John Bussy as Speaker of the House of Commons. 15 May – Richard leaves Ireland, having achieved his objectives. 22 November – the embalmed body of Robert de Vere, 9th Earl of Oxford, a friend and advisor of King Richard, is buried in England on the 3rd anniversary of his death in France.Saul Nigel Richard II 1997 Yale University Press New Haven, CT 417, 461 0-3000-7003-9 Lollard manifesto The Twelve Conclusions of the Lollards attached to the doors of St Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. Approximate date – the "Gawain Poet" is active. 1396 9 March – proxy marriage of Richard II of England and Isabella of Valois, leading to a 28-year truce in the Hundred Years' War with France.Kelly Amy Eloise 2022-10-19 Isabella of Valois - The child bride of King Richard II https://www.historyofroyalwomen.com/the-royal-women/isabella-of-valois-the-child-bride-of-king-richard-ii/ 2024-12-20 History of Royal Women 25 September – Thomas Arundel succeeds William Courtenay as Archbishop of Canterbury. 31 October – marriage of the widowed Richard II of England (29) and 6-year-old Isabella of Valois, the daughter of Charles VI of France, in Calais.Williams, Deanne (2016). "Isabelle de France, Child Bride". In Martin, Catherine Gimelli; Melehy, Hassan (eds.). French Connections in the English Renaissance. Routledge, p. 32-33. 29 November – Ralph Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland, marries Joan Beaufort.Weir, Alison (1999). Britain's Royal Family: A Complete Genealogy. London: The Bodley Head, p. 108. 1397 8 January – 7-year-old Isabella of Valois is formally crowned as Queen consort of England at Westminster Abbey. 22 January – the 23rd Parliament of King Richard assembles after having been summoned on 30 November last, and re-elects Sir John Bussy as the Speaker of the House of Commons. 10 February – John Beaufort becomes Earl of Somerset. 12 February – Parliament adjourns, and King Richard II gives royal assent to several acts passed, including the Act against riding with weapons, and barring the carrying of a lancegay (a light spear) except in wartime. Another law places a penalty on "him who taketh another's horse or best for the King's service without sufficient warrant. 28 March – King Richard I of England and King Charles VI of France sign a treaty settling the final issues remaining from the War of the Breton Succession, restoring land confiscated from John IV, Duke of Brittany. 8 June – Richard Whittington is nominated as Lord Mayor of London for the first time by King Richard II following the 6 June death of Adam Bamme. 12 July – Richard II attempts to reassert authority over his kingdom by arresting members of the group of powerful barons known as the Lords Appellant. September – Parliament condemns the Lords Appellant, impeaching Thomas of Woodstock, Duke of Gloucester (the King's uncle, who is murdered while under house arrest in Calais)Gloucester, Thomas of Woodstock, Duke of 12 130, Richard Fitzalan, 4th Earl of Arundel (who is attainted and executed) and Thomas Beauchamp, 12th Earl of Warwick (who is imprisoned). 29 September – John Holland, Earl of Huntingdon is created Duke of Exeter by his half-brother Richard II. Thomas Holland, 3rd Earl of Kent, his brother, is created Duke of Surrey. In addition, Ralph Neville, Baron Neville is created first Earl of Westmorland; these are rewards for supporting the King against the Lords Appellant.Westmorland, Earls of 28 552–553 13 October – Richard Whittington is overwhelmingly approved by London's freemen to serve as Lord Mayor of London after he has negotiated a deal to settle its debt to the King for £10,000.Sutton Anne Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 2004 Oxford, England Whittington, Richard (c.1350–1423) 10.1093/ref:odnb/29330 8 November – Roger Walden enthroned as Archbishop of Canterbury after Thomas Arundel is banished from the realm by King Richard II. 1398 27 January – the 24th Parliament of Richard II of England, meeting since 17 September last at Shrewsbury, annuls the acts of the 1388 Parliament. 31 January – Parliament is dissolved and the King gives royal assent to numerous laws, including the Treason Act 1397, providing for new definitions of treason (compassing the death of the King, making war against the King within the realm, attempting to repeal any judgments made by parliament convicting "certain traitors", or attempting to repeal the Treason Act itself. 20 February – vicar John de Aston of Colston Bassett is released from incarceration at Fleet Prison by order of the King upon the payment of mainprise or bail.H. M. Colvin Howard Colvin Frederick Williamson The External History of Dale Abbey https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-2300-1/dissemination/pdf/062/DAJ_v062_1941_058-087.pdf Journal of the Derbyshire Archaeological and Natural History Society 62 81–82 1941 16 September – King Richard stops a duel between his cousin, Henry of Bolingbroke (the future Henry IV of England), and Thomas de Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk. October – King Richard II exiles both Henry Bolingbroke and the Duke of Norfolk for ten years in order to end their feud. Mount Grace Priory is established in Yorkshire by Thomas Holland, 1st Duke of Surrey. Glendalough monastery in Wicklow, Ireland, is destroyed by English troops. thumb|170px|right| Henry IV of England. 1399 3 February – death of John of Gaunt, uncle of King Richard II and father of Henry Bolingbroke, at Leicester Castle. Richard inherits his title of Duke of Aquitaine.John of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster 1999-03-21 Britannica.com https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-of-Gaunt-duke-of-Lancaster 18 March – Richard II cancels the legal documents allowing the exiled Henry Bolingbroke to inherit his father's land,Palmer Alan Palmer Veronica 1992 The Chronology of British History Century Ltd London 112–115 0-7126-5616-2 leading to Henry's decision to overthrow Richard.Barr Helen Signes and Sothe: Language in the Piers Plowman Tradition D.S. Brewer 1994 146 978-0-85991-419-2 https://books.google.com/books?id=RPNVlYhWBqEC&pg=PA146 23 April – Saint George's Day in England is first officially celebrated as a holiday.Nick Groom The Union Jack: the story of the British flag London Atlantic Books Paperback 2007 978-1-84354-337-4 59 29 May – Richard travels to Ireland to suppress a rebellion, with inconclusive results.The Oxford Illustrated History of Ireland https://archive.org/details/oxfordillustrate00work registration Foster R. F. Oxford University Press 1989 978-0-19-822970-4 4 July – Henry Bolingbroke, with exiled former archbishop of Canterbury Thomas Arundel as an advisor, returns to England and begins a military campaign to reclaim his confiscated land. 19 August – having returned from Ireland, Richard is taken prisoner by Henry's followers in Wales. 1 September – Richard's place of imprisonment is moved to the Tower of London. 29 September – abdication of Richard II, the second time for an English monarch.Penguin Pocket On This Day Penguin Reference Library 0-14-102715-0 2006 30 September – King Richard II of England surrenders his crown to Henry Bolingbroke at an assembly of the House of Lords at Westminster Hall in London, where articles of deposition are read to him by the Archbishop of Canterbury. Richard abdicates, and the Lords proclaim Bolingbroke as King Henry IV,Jones Dan The Plantagenets: The Kings Who Made England 2012 HarperPress 978-0-0072-1392-4 the first ruler since the Norman Conquest whose mother tongue is English rather than French.Janvrin 2016 Rawlinson Isabelle Catherine The French in London: From William the Conqueror to Charles de Gaulle zKvKDAAAQBAJ yes 16 Emily Read Wilmington Square Books 978-1-908524-65-2 13 October – coronation of Henry IV of England at Westminster Abbey.Bevan Bryan Henry IV 1994 New York St. Martin's Press 67 0-3121-1696-9 19 October – Thomas Arundel is restored as Archbishop of Canterbury, replacing Roger Walden.Arundel, Thomas 2Fryde, E. B. Greenway, D. E. Porter, S. Roy, I. Handbook of British Chronology 3rd rev. Cambridge University Press Cambridge 1996 0-521-56350-X December: Henry IV orders implementation of the Absentee Act of 1380 in Ireland, demanding that all who hold lands, benefices or offices there should reside there and defend the land against rebels.Cosgrove Art http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199539703.001.0001/acprof-9780199539703 A New History of Ireland: Volume II, Medieval Ireland 1169–1534 2008 Oxford University Press 978-0-19-953970-3 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199539703.003.0018 First definite record of beer (rather than ale) being brewed in England, at Great Yarmouth by Peter Woutersone, a "Ducheman".Milan Pajic 'Ale for an Englishman is a natural drink': the Dutch and the origins of beer brewing in late medieval England Journal of Medieval History 45 2019 285–300 Births 1390 3 October – Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester (died 1447) 27 December – Anne de Mortimer, claimant to the throne (died 1411) John Dunstaple, composer (died 1453) 1391 6 November – Edmund Mortimer, 5th Earl of March, politician (died 1425) Thomas West, 2nd Baron West (died 1415) 1392 3 February – Henry Percy, 2nd Earl of Northumberland (died 1455) 3 August – John de Mowbray, 2nd Duke of Norfolk (born at Calais; died 1432) 12 or 31 August – William Bonville, 1st Baron Bonville (executed 1461) 1394 Michael de la Pole, 3rd Earl of Suffolk (died 1415) 1395 18 March – John Holland, 2nd Duke of Exeter, military leader (died 1447) 7 September – Reginald West, 6th Baron De La Warr, politician (died 1427) 1396 16 October – William de la Pole, 1st Duke of Suffolk (died 1450) John de Ros, 7th Baron de Ros (died 1421) 1398 Approximate date James Tuchet, 5th Baron Audley (killed 1459) William Waynflete, born William Patten, Lord Chancellor and bishop of Winchester (died 1486) 1399 Approximate date – William Canynge, merchant (died 1474) Deaths 1390 14 August – John FitzAlan, 2nd Baron Arundel, soldier (born 1364) 1392 John Arderne, surgeon (born 1307) 1393 22 February – John Devereux, 1st Baron Devereux (year of birth unknown) 6 August – John de Ros, 5th Baron de Ros (born 1365) 1394 17 March – John Hawkwood, mercenary (born 1320) 4 June – Mary de Bohun, wife of Henry IV (born c. 1369) 7 June – Anne of Bohemia, queen of Richard II (plague) (born 1366) 1396 31 July – William Courtenay, Archbishop of Canterbury (born c. 1342) 29 November – Robert Ferrers, 2nd Baron Ferrers of Wem (born 1373) John Beaumont, 4th Baron Beaumont, Constable of Dover Castle (born 1361) 1397 25 April – Thomas Holland, 2nd Earl of Kent (born c. 1350) 3 June – William de Montacute, 2nd Earl of Salisbury, military leader (born 1328) 15 September – Adam Easton, Catholic Cardinal (year of birth unknown) 21 September – Richard FitzAlan, 11th Earl of Arundel, military leader (executed) (born 1346) 1398 20 July – Roger Mortimer, 4th Earl of March, heir to the throne of England (born 1374) 1399 3 February – John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster (born 1340) 24 March – Margaret Plantagenet, Duchess of Norfolk (born c. 1320) 29 July – William le Scrope, 1st Earl of Wiltshire (executed) (born 1350) 22 September – Thomas de Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk, politician (born 1366) References