1st Armoured Regiment (Australia)

Armoured regiment of the Australian Army the Second World War unit 1st Royal New South Wales Lancers November 2019 1st Armoured Regiment 1st Armoured Regiment cap badge.png Cap badge of the 1st Armoured Regiment Australia Royal Tank Regiment Armoured Experimentation Australian Army 7 July 1949 – present Forces Command One regiment RAAF Base Edinburgh, South AustraliaMurdoch 2015 21 King Charles III(Colonel-in-Chief, RAAC) Colonel-in-Chief Major General Roger Powell AM1st Armoured Regiment Association Patron Major General R.A. Powell AM http://paratus.org.au/patron.pdf https://web.archive.org/web/20150303233301/http://paratus.org.au/patron.pdf 1st Armoured Regiment Association 18 April 2015 2015-03-03 la Paratus("Prepared") Quick—Radetski22 July 2010 australian-armour.com 1st Armoured Regiment http://www.australian-armour.com/1ARNEW.html https://web.archive.org/web/20110721181650/http://www.australian-armour.com/1ARNEW.html 21 July 2011Slow—Grand March from Aida 75px Unit colour patch 1AR Abbreviation Vietnam War Theatre Honours: Vietnam 1968-1972 Battle Honours: Coral‐Balmoral, Hat Dich, Binh Ba. Unit Birthday-7 July 1949 (Per Army Headquarters Directive 20/7/1949) Cambrai Day-20 November 1917 Unit Citation for Gallantry (C SQN) 1st Armoured Regiment (1AR) is an armoured regiment of the Australian Army and is the senior regiment of the Royal Australian Armoured Corps (RAAC). Formed as an armoured unit in the Australian Regular Army on 7 July 1949, the regiment squadrons served during the Vietnam War operating Centurion tanks. More recently the regiment has contributed small groups and individuals to operations in East Timor, Iraq, Afghanistan, the Solomon Islands and elsewhere. Currently the unit is based in Edinburgh, South Australia and was re-roled in 2024 as an experimentation unit. History Formation The 1st Armoured Regiment was raised as a regular unit on 7 July 1949 at Puckapunyal in Victoria. It was raised from the 1st Armoured Car Squadron, which had returned from occupation duties in Japan a few months earlier.http://www.awm.gov.au/units/unit_13757vietnam.asp https://web.archive.org/web/20141026230900/http://www.awm.gov.au/units/unit_13757vietnam.asp 1st Armoured Regiment Vietnam, 1962–1972 units Australian War Memorial 19 April 2009 26 October 2014 Consequently, the reserve Citizens Military Forces (CMF) unit also named the 1st Armoured Regiment, was retitled as the 1st Royal New South Wales Lancers to perpetuate its unit history and battle honours.http://www.awm.gov.au/units/unit_13757second_world_war.asp https://web.archive.org/web/20140107045807/http://www.awm.gov.au/units/unit_13757second_world_war.asp 1st Armoured Regiment Second World War, 1939–1945 units Australian War Memorial 31 October 2009 7 January 2014http://www.lancers.org.au/site/1st_Light_Horse.asp 1st RNSWL 2010 New South Wales Lancers Memorial Museum 15 June 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20100606042509/http://www.lancers.org.au/site/1st_Light_Horse.asp 6 June 2010The 1st Armoured Regiment (Royal New South Wales Lancers) had been reconstituted on 1 April 1948 following the re-raising of the post-war CMF in 1948. The unit had previously served during the Second World War as a tank formation, while its lineage included units that had served during the First World War and Second Boer War. Later, in 1956 the 1st Royal New South Wales Lancers merged with the 15th Northern River Lancers to form the 1st/15th Royal New South Wales Lancers.http://www.lancers.org.au/site/1st_Light_Horse.asp 1st RNSWL 2010 New South Wales Lancers Memorial Museum 15 June 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20100606042509/http://www.lancers.org.au/site/1st_Light_Horse.asp 6 June 2010 Note Upon establishment, the regiment constituted only one squadron, A Squadron, under the command of Major Cecil Ives.Hopkins 1978 187 & 198 Formal affiliation with the Royal Tank Regiment (RTR) was recognised in 1959Festberg Alfred The Lineage of the Australian Army 1972 Allara Publishing PTY. LTD 085887024X Melbourne 12 and the regiment adopted their regimental colours of Brown, Red and Green, which date back to the Battle of Cambrai during the First World War in 1917. These same colours had also been used by the Australian Tank Corps prior to the Second World War.http://www.army.gov.au/1ARMD/History.htm https://web.archive.org/web/20080728025229/http://www.army.gov.au/1ARMD/History.htm History—1st Armoured Regiment 28 July 2008 19 December 2006 Department of Defence 13 June 2010 Initially the new regiment was equipped with Second World War era Churchill tanks, although this was only a temporary measure until Centurion tanks could be acquired. Due to the perceived unsuitability of the Churchill and the late arrival of the new platform, the regiment was not deployed as part of Australia's commitment to the Korean War, although a number of officers served on exchange with British and US formations and the unit provided machine-gunners and signalers to Australian infantry battalions as reinforcements. The first Centurions finally began arriving in June 1952, with the regiment receiving 39 tanks.Hopkins 1978 197–200 With the numbers of regular personnel steadily growing, it was possible to raise Regimental Headquarters, Headquarters Squadron and B Squadron, and the regiment was fully raised by 8 September 1952 under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Stuart Graham.Hopkins 1978 201 & 321 Meanwhile, in September 1952 another tank squadron was raised. This was known as Nucleus Squadron and was based in Holsworthy, New South Wales, with the purpose of forming the basis of a second tank unit which was to be named the 2nd Armoured Regiment. In 1954 the regiment received it first Ferret MK 1 Scout Car, enabling the raising of Reconnaissance Troop. The following year 1st Armoured Regiment received the Saracen Armoured Personnel Carrier, and it was at this time that the intention to form another tank unit was abandoned, and Nucleus Squadron subsequently returned to the regiment as its third squadron, designated C Squadron. On 6 February 1956, the then Governor General, Field Marshal Sir William Slim, presented the regiment with its Guidon at a Regimental Parade held in Puckapunyal. Also in 1956 the regiment was equipped with the Centurion armoured recovery vehicle, allowing the retirement of the Churchill recovery vehicle. Under the Pentropic restructure, the regular elements of the RAAC were required to grow to support the new divisions to be formed under this concept. Consequently, in 1960 A Squadron was disbanded, reducing the regiment to two squadrons. The majority of the squadron's personnel formed the basis of regular 'A' Squadrons in the 4th/19th Prince of Wales' Light Horse and the 2nd/14th Light Horse (Queensland Mounted Infantry), which were predominantly CMF formations.Hopkins 1978 298–299 These squadrons subsequently formed the nucleus of the 1st Cavalry Regiment, later redesignated the 2nd Cavalry Regiment, and the 4th Cavalry Regiment. Vietnam War 220px|thumb|right|Soldiers of the 1st Armoured Regiment are briefed while sitting in front of their Centurion tanks at Vung Tau in South Vietnam during 1968 The regiments line squadrons each served in the Vietnam War, generally completing 12-month tours of duty. During the early stages of the war, the regiment had provided personnel to 1 Troop, A Squadron, 4th/19th Prince of Wales Light Horse, which was deployed on active service to South Vietnam in May. This troop was hurriedly equipped with the then new M113A1 Armoured Personnel Carrier (APC). In October 1967 the Australian government announced it would increase the size of the 1st Australian Task Force (1 ATF) at Nui Dat in Phuoc Tuy Province from two to three infantry battalions, while additional supporting arms, including a tank squadron would also be added to the force. In February 1968, C Squadron was sent to Vietnam, however, two of its four tank troops were initially held back until the Centurions had proved themselves capable of operating in the conditions. The tank squadron reached full strength of 20 Centurion tanks on 5 September 1968.Cameron 2012 164 & 247 Over the course of the war the regiments squadrons worked closely with A and B Squadrons of 3rd Cavalry Regiment, equipped with APCs. These provided armoured mobility to the infantry as well as the conduct of cavalry tasks. Meanwhile, in Australia, the regiment had again reached full strength in May, with A Squadron re-raised in order to meet the ongoing operational commitment.Hopkins 1978 252 Over the next four years the regiment's squadrons provided invaluable close support to the infantry, particularly during the clearance of Viet Cong bunker systems. Although their value in Vietnam was originally questioned by some, they proved a powerful weapon in both offence and defence, and were responsible for limiting infantry casualties. The Centurions were able to move through the countryside more easily than expected and although they were vulnerable to anti-tank weapons and mines, their firepower and shock action had a decisive effect on the battlefield. In late-May 1968 the tanks played a significant role in the Battle of Coral–Balmoral. Occupying blocking positions in an attempt to thwart an impending communist offensive aimed at influencing the peace-talks, 1ATF deployed two battalions away from its base in Phuoc Tuy, subsequently developing Fire Support Base Coral north-east of Saigon, just east of Lai Khe on 12 May.Coulthard-Clark 1998 287 Following several regimental-sized assaults on Coral which were successfully repelled by the Australians with heavy casualties on both sides, 1ATF moved to establish Fire Support Base Balmoral on 24–25 May, 6 km mi north of Coral.Coulthard-Clark 1998 288 The infantry were this time supported by Centurion tanks which had been called forward by road from Nui Dat and had arrived just hours before Balmoral was subjected to a two battalion attack. Following a very accurate rocket and mortar barrage at 03:45 hours on 26 May, the base was assaulted by North Vietnamese infantry. The attack was repelled with heavy casualties by the combined firepower of the tanks and infantry.Coulthard-Clark 1998 288 The next day the Australians at Coral assaulted a number of bunkers located just outside the base, with a troop of Centurions supported by infantry destroying the bunkers and their occupants without loss.Coulthard-Clark 1998 288 A second attack, again of regimental strength, was made against Balmoral at 02:30 hours on 28 May but was called off after only 30 minutes. The North Vietnamese were soundly defeated—again by the supporting fires of tanks, artillery and mortars—leaving 55 dead and resulted in six prisoners. Australian losses were one killed and six wounded.Coulthard-Clark 1998 288 This performance demonstrated the advantage of using armour in Vietnam, and whereas before the battle some infantry had doubted the usefulness or necessity of the Centurions, after the battle the infantry did not like working without them. For its involvement in the fighting at Coral–Balmoral, 'C' Squadron was awarded a Unit Citation for Gallantry in 2018.Chester, Darren Gallantry award for service during the Battles of Coral and Balmoral https://www.minister.defence.gov.au/minister/dchester/media-releases/gallantry-award-service-during-battles-coral-and-balmoral Canberra, Australian Capital Territory Department of Defence 13 May 2018 30 June 2019 In February 1969, C Squadron was relieved by B Squadron. On 6–7 June, B Squadron was involved in a fierce action during the Battle of Binh Ba, a village 5 km mi north of Nui Dat. The attack began on the morning of 6 June when Australian tanks and APCs advanced with infantry from D Company, 5th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment (5 RAR) towards the village which was being occupied by the Viet Cong and North Vietnamese.McKay Nicholas 2001 212 As the battle continued, B Company, 5 RAR took up a blocking position to prevent them from escaping. During fierce urban fighting the infantry were forced to clear each house, while the Communist troops occupying the houses fired on them from the windows and doorways before retreating into tunnels as the Australians passed. Each time the infantry were fired on, the tanks would blast a hole in the wall of the building, through which small teams could then enter and clear the structure of any opposition.McKay Nicholas 2001 212 The fighting continued throughout the afternoon, and resumed the next day before the Australians successfully cleared the village, the bulk of which was destroyed. One Australian was killed and 10 wounded, while communist losses included at least 107 killed, six wounded and eight captured.McKay Nicholas 2001 212 In December 1969, owing to the rotation system B Squadron was re-designated A Squadron, while in December 1970 A Squadron was in turn re-designated C Squadron. By late-1970 Australia was beginning to reduce its commitment to the war and the size of 1ATF was again reduced from three infantry battalions to two. The tanks, however, continued operations and were involved in heavy fighting at Long Khanh on 6–7 June 1971, as well as numerous smaller actions. The last elements of the regiment were subsequently withdrawn from Vietnam in September 1971. A total of 58 Centurions had served in Vietnam; 42 had suffered battle damage, of which six were beyond repair, while two crewmen had been killed in action.Dunstan 1982 176 1970s The years immediately following the Vietnam War were traumatic for the Australian Army and the regiment. The abolition of National Service after the end of Australian involvement in Vietnam depleted the regiments strength to the point where training was severely restricted until it was finally reinforced during 1974. Although various restructures occurred in this period, such as the RAAC Regiment and the Standard Infantry Division,Handel Paul Fifty Years of the Royal Australian Armoured Corps 1998 Royal Australian Armoured Corps Memorial and Army Tank Museum Puckapunyal 48 Hopkins 1978 299–302 the regiment was retained serving as Army's sole armoured regiment following the conversion of the CMF 1st/15th Royal New South Wales Lancers and the 8th/13th Victorian Mounted Rifles to cavalry regiments in 1971.Royal New South Wales Lancers Association 7 January 2025 Regimental Lineage https://www.lancers.org.au/site/Regimental_Lineage.php Royal New South Wales LancersHopkins 1978 299–302 From this time until the early 2010s the regiment was the only combat unit in Army which operated tanks, serving as the centre of excellence for armoured conventional warfare for the service.Toal 2008The last CMF armoured regiment gave up its tanks in 1971, leaving the regular 1st Armoured Regiment as the only tank unit in the Australian Army.Hopkins 1978 302 Note With the value of heavy armour proven again during the Vietnam War, government endorsed the plan to replace the aged Centurion tank. Branagan Peter John Brooker Peter Still Steve Ager Contact Tank: Wait Out. Unit History of the 1st Armoured Regiment 2013 Royal Australian Armoured Corps Puckapunyal 79–84 Subsequently, B Squadron was re-designated as the Medium Tank Trials Unit in 1972 and carried out extensive user and technical trials to evaluate the replacement for the ageing Centurions. In 1977 the Centurion was replaced in service by the Leopard 1, which had been selected over the American built M60 Patton. 1980s–1990s The 1980s and 1990s were a period of both change and continuity. The regiment was pivotal in maintaining Army's armoured/mechanised warfare capability and did so through supporting the mechanisation of 1 Brigade units in the 1980s. Consequently, it participated in many exercises at Puckapunyal in this period practicing and honing its skills in mounted combat. On 21 April 1981, the Colonel-in-Chief of the RAAC, the Prince of Wales (now King Charles III), presented the unit with its first Regimental Standard. However, changes in government policy in the late 1980s placed less emphasis on Army mechanisation and fewer resources were dedicated to the regiment. Consequently, C Squadron became a General Reserve squadron, and B Squadron would later transition to a Ready Reserve squadron in the 1990s. Likewise plans to modernise the Leopard, and or replace it, were not supported. In 1995 as part of the broader Army Presence in the North Plan, the regiment moved from Puckapunyal to Darwin and was based at Robertson Barracks alongside the 2nd Cavalry Regiment which had moved several years earlier. The other elements of 1st Brigade would relocate to Darwin by the end of the decade resulting in all the units consolidating in a single location for the first time. In this period the regiment conducted a cycle of squadron, regiment and brigade training exercises and activities, such as the Predator series and Exercise Croc West. This were conducted across the north of Australia in testing conditions but demonstrated the ability of armoured/mechanised forces to operate in this challenging environment. The regiment also supported Exercise Phoenix 98, which tested the doctrine and organisational structures of the Restructuring the Army trial, a product of the Army 21 concept. During the 1999 East Timor crisis A Squadron was placed on standby to deploy in the event the conflict escalated.David E. Johnson, Adam Grissom & Olga Oliker In the Middle of the Fight: An Assessment of Medium-Armored Forces in Past Military Operations 2008 RAND Corporation 978-0-8330-4413-6 142–145, 258–260 While this did not occur, members of the regiment subsequently deployed to supplement other organisations within INTERFET and later as part of UNTAET. 2000s 220px|thumb|left|A Leopard AS1 MBT of the 1st Armoured Regiment during an exercise in Queensland in 2005.In the early 2000s the regiment underwent a period of rebuilding. Gradually it regrew to a three-line squadron regiment with C Squadron transitioning from a GRES sub-unit to a regular one and return of a Headquarters Squadron incorporating Command Troop, Reconnaissance Troop and Special Equipment Troop. In this period small groups and individuals of the regiment served on Operation Relex on border protection tasks, in East Timor, Bougainville, Sinai and the Solomon Islands.A Chronological History of the 1st Armoured Regiment http://paratus.org.au/history.pdf https://web.archive.org/web/20150303233420/http://paratus.org.au/history.pdf 1st Armoured Regiment Association 18 April 2015 2015-03-03 The regiment's current standard was presented by the then Governor General, Dr. Peter Hollingworth on 13 July 2002, at a mounted parade held in Darwin. While some efforts had been made to improve crew conditions on the Leopard in the late 1990s and enhance its night fighting capability, the lack of upgrades to it had rendered it obsolete by the early 2000s. With a change in government policy articulated in the 2000 Defence White Paper, the September 11 attacks and the subsequent invasion of Iraq in 2003, momentum built to replace the Leopard tank. Following government direction and a rapid acquisition, after 30 years of service the Leopard was replaced by 59 M1A1 Abrams Integrated Management Situational Awareness (M1A1 AIM SA) main battle tanks, with the occasion marked by a mounted parade on 26 July 2007.Toal 2008Boer 2007 The regiment was equipped with 41 M1 Tanks and 3 M88A2 Hercules Armoured Recovery Vehicles with the remaining vehicles issued to the School of Armour for individual training.Boer 2007Department of Defence http://www.defence.gov.au/minister/13tpl.cfm?CurrentId=4021 M1A1 Abrams Tank Agreement Signed 9 July 2004 21 June 2014 The M1A1 provided a contemporary credible, deployable and sustainable tank capability for Army which provided the basis of its mechanised combat power. However, concurrent personnel pressures once again resulted in the disbandment of C Squadron in 2008. Iraq War 2003–2020 Although the regiment did not contribute collective capabilities, individual members deployed to the Iraq War in various roles.Toal 2008Greenlees Garran 2002 276 These included as Bushmaster PMV crews within the various rotations of the Al Muthanna Task Group and Overwatch Battle Group-West, trainers as part of the Australian Army Training Team-Iraq and as embedded staff and advisors within various headquarters under the auspices of Operation Catalyst. Under the later Operation Okra members would again serve as trainers and advisors within Task Group Taji to help build the capacity of the Iraqi Security Forces. Importantly, the regiment led and formed the basis of the Taji Training Unit within Task Group Taji IV deploying from December 2016 to June 2017. ((1st Armoured Regiment Association)) 7 January 2025 Regiment History March 1986 - present page 2 https://www.paratus.org.au/history-c2 1st Armoured Regiment Association Afghanistan War 2001–2021 From 2008 troop size rotations were deployed in support of the Special Operations Task Group during the Afghanistan War. These troops commanded and drove Bushmaster PMVs which provided protected mobility to special operations elements. Given the nature and composition of the larger deployments of Australian forces on the Reconstruction Task Force, Mentoring and Reconstruction Task Force and Mentoring Task Forces, which arguably did not warrant the deployment of heavy armour, the SOTG rotations provided an opportunity for junior members of the regiment to gain operational experience. During the 2010-2011 period a large number of unit personnel deployed either as part of Headquarters Combined Team Uruzghan or as part of Mentoring Task Force 2. 2010s Until 2013 the regiment provided the basis for one of three battlegroups within Army's mechanised 1st Brigade, which also included a cavalry regiment, two mechanised infantry battalions, a mechanised combat engineer regiment and a medium artillery regiment.18 April 2015 Department of Defence 1st Brigade http://www.army.gov.au/Who-we-are/Divisions-and-Brigades/Forces-Command/1st-Brigade https://web.archive.org/web/20120227104032/http://www.army.gov.au/Who-we-are/Divisions-and-Brigades/Forces-Command/1st-Brigade 2012-02-27 However, under the Plan Beersheba reorganisation announced in 2011 and confirmed in the 2013 Defence White Paper, the three Regular Army brigades were restructured between 2014 and 2017 into three Combat Brigades with a similar structure and capabilities, each consisting of: a Brigade Headquarters, an Armoured Cavalry Regiment (ACR), two Standard Infantry Battalions, an Artillery Regiment, a Combat Engineer Regiment, a Combat Service Support Battalion and a Combat Signals Regiment.http://www.army.gov.au/Our-future/Projects/Plan-BEERSHEBA/Multi-role-Combat-Brigades https://web.archive.org/web/20140408081650/http://army.gov.au/Our-future/Projects/Plan-BEERSHEBA/Multi-role-Combat-Brigades 8 April 2014 Multi-role Combat Brigades Australian Army 1 May 2014 The regiment was directed to serve as the trial unit for this concept and adopted the ACR structure for Exercise Hamel 2013, grouping elements from 2d Cavalry Regiment for this task. Branagan Peter John Brooker Peter Still Steve Ager Contact Tank: Wait Out. Unit History of the 1st Armoured Regiment. 2013 Royal Australian Armoured Corps 118–120 Consequently, the unit was reorganised as one of three ACRs assigned to the Army's combat brigades in Brisbane, Darwin and Townsville.Murdoch 2015 21 As an ACR, the unit was structured as: a Regimental Headquarters (with a reduced Headquarters Squadron capability), an Armoured Squadron equipped with M1 tanks, a Cavalry Squadron with ASLAV reconnaissance vehicles, and an Armoured Personnel Carrier Squadron with M113AS4 armoured personnel carriers and a reduced support squadron. This organisation reflected the proposed RAAC Regiment from the 1970s.Bickell 2013 39 In late 2015, the disaggregation of the tank capability began with the transfer of one of the 1st Armoured Regiment's two tank squadrons to the Townsville-based 2nd Cavalry Regiment.Kellner 2015 In late 2017, C Squadron 2/14 Light Horse Regiment converted to an armoured role and was equipped with the M1 tank. In July 2017, the ACR structure was changed under modifications to the Plan Beersheba model. Under workforce alignment the Standard Infantry Battalion structure was abandoned in favour of a return to Motorised and Mechanised Infantry Battalions, resulting in a transfer of the APCs back to the infantry and the conversion of the APC squadron back to cavalry role.Holloway 2017 11 However, the paucity of APCs resulted in the pooling and rationing of vehicles across the brigades under Plan Keogh. In October 2017, the regiment moved from Robertson Barracks in Darwin to RAAF Base Edinburgh in South Australia. It joined 7 RAR and other elements, and these would continue to travel north to train with 1st Combat Brigade.Hamblin 2017 13http://www.contactairlandandsea.com/2017/10/31/1st-armoured-regiment-moves-adelaide/ Hartigan Brian 1st Armoured Regiment leaves Darwin Contact 31 October 2017 5 December 2017 2020s With the reduction in operational commitments to what were primarily stability operations, Army refocused on conventional warfighting in the 2020s. This resulted in the reallocation of the regiment and the other Adelaide-based elements of 1st Brigade to the 9th Brigade, a Reserve formation, in 2022.Defence Media 27 October 2022 9th Brigade becomes the Australian Army's first integrated combat brigade https://www.defence.gov.au/news-events/releases/2022-10-27/9th-brigade-becomes-australian-armys-first-integrated-combat-brigade Australian Government-Defence Under the Army Objective Force plan the 9th Combat Brigade would become an integrated formation incorporating the 1st Armoured Regiment, the 7th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment, 144th Signal Squadron and elements of the 1st Combat Service Support Battalion alongside its reserve elements. Under this plan 9th Brigade would be Army's heavy formation equipped with a suite of modern equipment. Most relevant to the regiment was the upgrade of the 59 M1A1 AIM SA tanks with 75 M1A2 Systems Enhancement Package Version 3 main battle tanks. Approval for this was granted by government on 14 January 2022 with the first tanks planned to arrive in mid-late 2024.Defence Media 12 January 2022 Enhancing ADF's armoured combat capability https://www.defence.gov.au/news-events/news/2022-01-12/enhancing-adfs-armoured-combat-capability Australian Government-Defence On 27 October 2022, the Army Reserve A Squadron 3rd/9th Light Horse (South Australian Mounted Rifles) was allocated as a direct command sub-unit to 1st Armoured Regiment.Chief of Army 27 October 2022 9th Brigade Transfer of Authority Parade address https://www.army.gov.au/news-and-events/speeches-and-transcripts/2022-10-27/9th-brigade-transfer-authority-parade-address Australian Army However, following the change of government and publication of the Defence Strategic ReviewAustralian Government Department of Defence National Defence: Defence Strategic Review 2023 https://www.defence.gov.au/about/reviews-inquiries/defence-strategic-review 24 April 2023 Australian Government-Defence in April 2023 the Army Objective Force structure was no longer considered viable. Consequently, in September 2023 Army announced a new force structure. Under this the Townsville-based 3rd Combat Brigade would now become an armoured brigade, 7th Combat Brigade a motorised brigade and 1st Brigade a light combat brigade.Defence Media 28 September 2023 Major changes to Army announced https://www.defence.gov.au/news-events/news/2023-09-28/major-changes-army-announced Australian Government-Defence The 9th Combat Brigade would revert to a reserve formation and focus on a security role. Consequently, 1st Armoured Regiment would be converted to an experimental unit, with the role of trialing new technologies.Dougherty Robert Major 'specialist combat brigades' restructure unveiled for Australian Army https://www.defenceconnect.com.au/land/12876-major-specialist-combat-brigades-restructure-unveiled-for-australian-army 1 October 2023 Defence Connect 28 September 2023 en As a result, Army's armoured capability would be concentrated in two squadrons within the 2nd Cavalry Regiment in Townsville.Defence Media 29 July 2024 Last tank out of brigade https://www.defence.gov.au/news-events/news/2024-07-29/last-tank-out-brigade Australian Government-Defence 1st Armoured Regiment will now focus on test and evaluation activities to introduce capability into service. While, many members of A and B Squadrons will be posted to other RAAC units, C Squadron of the 1st Armoured Regiment was allocated the experimentation role. In this role it has conducted trials with new technologies such as unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs), small unmanned aerial systems (SUAS) and remote weapons systems (RWS) at Puckapunyal.Pittaway Nigel 1st Armoured Regiment adopts experimentation role https://www.australiandefence.com.au/news/news/1st-armoured-regiment-adopts-experimentation-role Australian Defence Magazine Organisation thumb|A 1st Armoured Regiment Abrams tank in 2011 From December 2017 the regiment was organised as follows:Gardiner 2017 20 Headquarters Squadron A Squadron – Cavalry (equipped with ASLAV)Between 2015 and 2017, A Squadron was equipped with M113AS4 Armoured Personnel Carriers under the initial Plan Beersheba force structure.Murdoch 2015 21Gardiner 2017 20Hetherington 2014 5 Note B Squadron – Tank (equipped with M1A1 Abrams) C Squadron – Cavalry (equipped with ASLAV) A Squadron – 3rd/9th Light Horse (South Australian Mounted Rifles) (Reserve, equipped with Hawkei) Support Squadron Battle honours Vietnam War: Coral–Balmoral, Hat Dich, Binh Ba, Vietnam 1965–72. Alliances United Kingdom – Royal Tank RegimentHopkins 1978 187 Notes Footnotes Note Citations 30em References Australian National Audit Office Audit Report into the Acquisition of the Abrams Main Battle Tank Commonwealth of Australia 2007 Canberra http://www.anao.gov.au/uploads/documents/2007-08_Audit_Report_1.pdf 978-0-642-80974-2 2 August 2007 https://web.archive.org/web/20070926231619/http://www.anao.gov.au/uploads/documents/2007-08_Audit_Report_1.pdf 2007-09-26 Bickell Craig Plan Beersheba: The Combined Arms Imperative Behind the Reorganisation of the Army Australian Army Journal 2013 X 4 36–52 https://www.army.gov.au/sites/g/files/net1846/f/aaj_2013_4.pdf Land Warfare Studies Centre Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 1448-2843 1 July 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20171205194737/https://www.army.gov.au/sites/g/files/net1846/f/aaj_2013_4.pdf 5 December 2017 http://www.defence.gov.au/news/armynews/editions/1171/topstories/story1.htm https://web.archive.org/web/20131119092748/http://www.defence.gov.au/news/armynews/editions/1171/topstories/story1.htm Parade marks change of eras Boer Corrine 26 July 2007 1171 Army: The Soldiers' Newspaper Department of Defence Canberra 19 April 2009 19 November 2013 0729-5685 Cameron Bruce Canister! On! Fire!: Australian Tank Operations in Vietnam 1 2012 Big Sky Publishing Newport, New South Wales 978-1-921941-99-3 Coulthard-Clark Chris 1998 Where Australians Fought: The Encyclopaedia of Australia's Battles Allen & Unwin St Leonards, New South Wales 1-86448-611-2 Dunstan Simon Vietnam Tracks: Armor in Battle 1945–75 1982 Presidio Press Novato, California 0-89141-171-2 https://archive.org/details/vietnamtracksarm00duns Gardiner C.D. 1st Armoured Regiment Ironsides: The Journal of the Royal Australian Armoured Corps 2017 20 808384287 Greenlees Don Garran Robert Deliverance: The Inside Story of East Timor's Fight for Freedom 2002 Allen & Unwin Crows Nest, New South Wales 1-86508-367-4 https://archive.org/details/deliveranceinsid00gree Hamblin Maj Felicity 100 years of tank warfare https://www.defence.gov.au/Publications/NewsPapers/Army/editions/1410/1410.pdf Army: The Soldiers' Newspaper 1410 Department of Defence Canberra 0729-5685 30 November 2017 14 January 2020 Hetherington ((WO2 Andrew)) D Sqn move to APCs https://www.defence.gov.au/Publications/NewsPapers/Army/editions/1335/1335.pdf Army: The Soldiers' Newspaper 1335 Department of Defence Canberra 0729-5685 28 August 2014 12 January 2020 Holloway Lt Col John Combat brigades embrace changes https://www.defence.gov.au/Publications/NewsPapers/Army/editions/1398/1398.pdf 14 January 2019 Army: The Soldiers' Newspaper 1398 Department of Defence Canberra 0729-5685 15 June 2017 Hopkins Ronald Ronald Hopkins Australian Armour: A History of the Royal Australian Armoured Corps 1927–1972 1978 Australian Government Publishing Service Canberra 0-642-99407-2 Kellner Lydia Tanks grow firepower http://www.townsvillebulletin.com.au/news/townsville/tanks-grow-firepower/news-story/2f799c8455375336d59e438732c5709a 19 June 2017 Townsville Bulletin 24 November 2015 321046904 McKay Gary Gary McKay Nicholas Graeme Jungle Tracks: Australian Armour in Vietnam Allen & Unwin Crows Nest, New South Wales 2001 1-86508-449-2 Murdoch Michael 1st Armoured Regiment Ironsides: The Journal of the Royal Australian Armoured Corps 2015 21 808384287 Toal Mick http://www.australiandefence.com.au/D4B755E0-F806-11DD-8DFE0050568C22C9?&showresult=D9DDBFAE-070A-11DF-A28B005056B05D57 Enter the Abrams Australian Defence Magazine Yaffa Publishing Group Sydney, New South Wales 10 January 2008 13 June 2010 1324-6550 External links 1st Armoured Regiment Association 1st Armoured Regiment Category:Military units and formations established in 1949 Category:Military units and formations of Australia in the Vietnam War Category:Military units in South Australia