1934 Thrace pogroms

Pogroms against Jews in Turkey 1934 Thrace pogroms Eastern Thrace, Turkey; including Tekirdağ, Edirne, Kırklareli, and Çanakkale Property of the Jewish population of the city June–July 1934 1 Turkish mobs The 1934 Thrace pogroms (tr Trakya Olayları, "Thrace incidents" or "Thrace events", Ladino: Furtuna/La Furtuna, "Storm")Pekesen Birna Krawietz Birgit Riedler Florian The Heritage of Edirne in Ottoman and Turkish Times: Continuities, Disruptions and Reconnections 2019 Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG 978-3-11-063908-7 430 The AntiJewish Pogrom in 1934 Problems of Historiography Terms and MethodologyBulut Eduard Alan Minorities in constitution making in Turkey 2017 Newcastle upon Tyne, UK Cambridge Scholars Publishing 9781527507500 29 https://books.google.com/books?id=Yn9IDwAAQBAJ&dq=furtuna++pogrom+turkiye&pg=PA29 8 July 2021 were a series of violent attacks against Jewish citizens of Turkey in June and July 1934 in the Thrace region of Turkey. One of the main crucial factors behind the events was the Resettlement Law passed by the Turkish Assembly on 14 June 1934.http://yektauzunoglu.com/en/2018/01/11/pogroms-to-the-jews-for-the-secular-democratic-of-turkey-part-i/ Pogroms to the Jews for the 'Secular Democratic' of Turkey – Part I Yekta Uzunoglu 2018-07-05February 2025 medicmedicTurkey, the Jews, and the Holocaust Guttstadt Corry 2013 Cambridge University Press 9780521769914 65–66 870196866Lamprou Alexandrous 2013 Nationalist Mobilization and State—Society Relations: The People's Houses' Campaign for Turkish in Izmir, June–July 1934 https://www.jstor.org/stable/24585944 Middle Eastern Studies 49 5 824–839 10.1080/00263206.2013.811653 24585944 143520978 0026-3206 subscription Background Some have argued that the acts were initiated by the articles written by Pan-Turkist ideologists like Cevat Rıfat Atilhan and Faik Kurdoğlu in Millî İnkılâp September 2011Rifat Bali, 1934 Trakya Olayları, 2008 (National Revolution) magazine and Nihal Atsızhttp://www.nihalatsiz.org/ Nihal Atsız profile (in Turkish) 2020-05-16 https://web.archive.org/web/20151002070510/http://www.nihalatsiz.org/ 2015-10-02 dead in Orhun magazine. One researcher accepted Atilhan's role, but he argued that Atsız did not participate in such an act, because Orhun only contained two articles about Jews, and both of them were published after Atsız resettled in İstanbul.Karabulak Ozan Atsız ve Türkçülüğün Yarım Asrı – Süreli Yayınlarda Türk Milliyetçiliğinin Seyri (1931–1975) 2018 Ötüken Neşriyat 9786051556307 144–147 tr Then the Resettlement Law was meant to enable demographic engineering in favor of a potentially Turkish speaking majority and the campaign Citizens speak Turkish!, which meant to force the people to speak Turkish, was supported by the Turkish Halkevleri.Lamprou, Alexandrous (2013).pp. 829–830 On the 5 July after having become aware of the potential repercussions, the chairman of the Halkevleri in Izmir denied the campaign was directed at Jews and claimed it was only against foreign languages, including Greek, Spanish and Albanian. Pogrom Constantinople pogroms The incidents that preceded the pogrom started in Çanakkale in the second half of June 1934.Benbassa Esther Türkiye ve Balkan Yahudileri tarihi : (14.-20. yüzyıllar) = Juifs des Balkans espaces Judéo-Ibériques, XIVe-XXe-siècles 2001 İletişim İstanbul 9789754709230 242–244 1stŞimŞek Halil Çanakkale Bağlamında 1934 Trakya Yahudi Olayları Cumhuriyet Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi 5 9 144 https://arastirmax.com/tr/system/files/dergiler/69633/makaleler/9/arastirmax-canakkale-baglaminda-1934-trakya-yahudi-olaylari.pdf 11 July 2021 11 July 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20210711084942/https://arastirmax.com/tr/system/files/dergiler/69633/makaleler/9/arastirmax-canakkale-baglaminda-1934-trakya-yahudi-olaylari.pdf dead The pogroms occurred in Tekirdağ, Edirne, Kırklareli, and Çanakkale, and they were motivated by antisemitism.http://yektauzunoglu.com/en/2018/02/16/pogroms-to-the-jews-at-the-time-of-secular-and-democratic-turkey-part-iii/ Pogroms to the Jews at the time of 'Secular and Democratic'Turkey – Part III Yekta Uzunoglu 2018-07-05February 2025 medicmedichttp://yektauzunoglu.com/en/2018/02/11/pogroms-to-the-jews-for-the-secular-democratic-of-turkey-part-ii/ https://web.archive.org/web/20180831215141/http://yektauzunoglu.com/en/2018/02/11/pogroms-to-the-jews-for-the-secular-democratic-of-turkey-part-ii/ usurped August 31, 2018 Pogroms to the Jews for the "Secular Democratic" of Turkey – Part II Yekta Uzunoglu 2018-07-05Tormented by history: nationalism in Greece and Turkey Özkimirli Umut Sofos Spyros A Columbia University Press 2008 9780231700528 167 608489245 The government of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk acted strongly against rioters and officials who failed to prevent the pogrom.https://www.nytimes.com/1986/09/10/world/age-of-terror-undermining-turkish-jews.html Age of Terror Undermining Turkish Jews Henry Kamm The New York Times Sep 10, 1986 After the foreign press reported about the pogroms, Prime Minister İsmet İnönü acknowledged their existence, condemned them and blamed them on antisemitism.Lamprou Alexandrous 2013 Nationalist Mobilization and State—Society Relations: The People's Houses' Campaign for Turkish in Izmir, June–July 1934 https://www.jstor.org/stable/24585944 Middle Eastern Studies 49 5 824–839 10.1080/00263206.2013.811653 24585944 143520978 0026-3206 subscription In the context of the 1934 Turkish Resettlement Law, foreign diplomatsNovember 2023 who were then based in Turkey believed that the Turkish government implicitly supported the Thrace pogrom to facilitate the relocation of Turkey's Jewish population.Bayraktar Hatiice May 2006 The anti-Jewish pogrom in Eastern Thrace in 1934: new evidence for the responsibility of the Turkish government Patterns of Prejudice 40 2 95–111 10.1080/00313220600634238 144078355 0031-322XTurkey, the Jews, and the Holocaust Guttstadt Corry 2013 Cambridge University Press 9780521769914 65–66 870196866 Haaretz reports that according to the historian Corry Guttstadt, "the Turkish authorities had apparently opted for the strategy of putting the Jews under such pressure with boycott activities and anonymous threats 'from the population' that they would leave the area 'voluntarily.'"Green David B. 2014 1934: A rare kind of pogrom begins, in Turkey https://www.haaretz.com/jewish/2014-06-05/ty-article/.premium/1934-a-rare-kind-of-pogrom-begins-in-turkey/0000017f-e60b-dea7-adff-f7fbbe590000 https://web.archive.org/web/20260528035920/https://www.haaretz.com/jewish/2014-06-05/ty-article/.premium/1934-a-rare-kind-of-pogrom-begins-in-turkey/0000017f-e60b-dea7-adff-f7fbbe590000 2026-05-28 2026-06-14 Haaretz en live However, others disagree. Although the Law on Settlement may well have actually provoked the outbreak of the incidents, the national authorities did not side with the attackers but immediately intervened in the incidents. After order was restored, the governors and mayors of the provinces involved were removed from office.Toprak, Zafer. 1996 ‘1934 Trakya olaylarında hukumetin ve CHP’in sorumlulugu (Government responsibility and the CHP in the 1934 Thracian incidents), Toplumsal Tarih, vol. 34, pp. 19-25. Further, according to historian Rifat Bali, incitement of violence against Jews was then common in the press and contributed to the violence.Green David 1934: A Rare Kind of Pogrom Begins, in Turkey https://www.haaretz.com/jewish/2014-06-05/ty-article/.premium/1934-a-rare-kind-of-pogrom-begins-in-turkey/0000017f-e60b-dea7-adff-f7fbbe590000 29 September 2019 Haaretz 5 June 2014 Aftermath The government of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk acted strongly against rioters and officials who failed to prevent the pogrom. After the foreign press reported about the pogroms, Prime Minister İsmet İnönü acknowledged their existence, condemned them and blamed them on antisemitism. Up to 15,000 Jewish citizens of Turkey fled from the region and settled in Istanbul. See also Razgrad Incident Antisemitism in Turkey Racism in Turkey References Further reading Baer Marc D. Marc David Baer Sultanic Saviors and Tolerant Turks: Writing Ottoman Jewish History, Denying the Armenian Genocide 2020 Indiana University Press 978-0-253-04542-3 Rıfat Bali The 1934 Thrace events: continuity and change within Turkish state policies regarding non-Muslim minorities. An interview with Rıfat Bali European Journal of Turkish Studies 2008 7 10.4000/ejts.2903 free Bali Rıfat N. 1934 Trakya olayları 2008 Kitabevi 978-975-9173-64-7 tr 10.1080/00313220600634238 The anti-Jewish pogrom in Eastern Thrace in 1934: New evidence for the responsibility of the Turkish government 2006 Bayraktar Hatiice Patterns of Prejudice 40 2 95–111 144078355 Daniels Jacob Prelude to a Turkish Anomaly: Eastern Thrace Before the 1934 Attacks on Jews Antisemitism Studies 2017 1 2 364 10.2979/antistud.1.2.06 134187035 Eligür Banu The 1934 anti-Jewish Thrace riots: the Jewish exodus of Thrace through the lens of nationalism and collective violence British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies 2017 44 1 88–109 10.1080/13530194.2016.1182422 147807971 ((Green, D. B.)) 5 June 2014 1934: A Rare Kind of Pogrom Begins, in Turkey Haaretz https://www.haaretz.com/jewish/2014-06-05/ty-article/.premium/1934-a-rare-kind-of-pogrom-begins-in-turkey/0000017f-e60b-dea7-adff-f7fbbe590000 17 January 2023 Güven Erdem Yılmazata Mehmet Milli and the Trace Incidents of 1934 Journal of Modern Jewish Studies 2014 13 2 190–211 10.1080/14725886.2014.918738 144955905 Koldas Umut Playing in the Discursive Backyard of the State: Turkish National Press Discourse towards the Anti-Jewish Incidents of 1934 Kwartalnik Historii Żydów 2014 250 2 297–320 1899-3044 ((Pekesen, B.)) The Heritage of Edirne in Ottoman and Turkish Times 2019 The Anti-Jewish Pogrom in 1934. Problems of Historiography, Terms and Methodology De Gruyter 412–432 https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783110639087-013/pdf 10.1515/9783110639087-013 978-3-11-063908-7 212934694 Category:1934 in Europe Category:Riots and civil disorder in Turkey Category:1934 riots Category:June 1934 in Europe Category:July 1934 in Europe Category:Anti-Jewish pogroms in Europe Category:Antisemitism in Turkey Category:History of Çanakkale Category:History of Edirne Category:History of Kırklareli Category:History of Tekirdağ Category:Modern history of Thrace Category:1934 in Judaism Category:Eastern Thrace Category:1934 crimes in Turkey Category:Republican People's Party (Turkey)