1875 in science

none thumb | right | Map from Georg Balthasar von Neumayer’s 1875 treatise on scientific observations during naval expeditions, titled “Anleitung zu wissenschaftlichen Beobachtungen auf Reisen.“ 1875 science 1875 The year 1875 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below. Chemistry Gallium is discovered spectroscopically by French chemist Paul Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran. Later in this year he obtains the free metal by electrolysis of its hydroxide and names it. This is the first of Dmitri Mendeleev's predicted elements to be identified.Caractères chimiques et spectroscopiques d'un nouveau métal, le gallium, découvert dans une blende de la mine de Pierrefitte, vallée d'Argelès (Pyrénées) Lecoq de Boisbaudran 493 Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences 81 http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k3038w/f490.table 2008-09-23; 10.1002/andp.18762351216 Ueber die physikalischen Eigenschaften des Galliums 1876 De Boisbaudran Lecoq Annalen der Physik und Chemie 235 12 649–650 1876AnP...235..649D https://zenodo.org/record/1423754/files/article.pdf The discovery of the elements. XIII. Some elements predicted by Mendeleeff 1605–1619 Weeks Mary Elvira Mary Elvira Weeks 10.1021/ed009p1605 Journal of Chemical Education 9 9 1932 1932JChEd...9.1605WThe Ingredients: a Guided Tour of the Elements Ball Philip Oxford University Press 105 2002 0-19-284100-9 Phenylhydrazine is discovered by Hermann Emil Fischer.Fischer, E. (1875). "Ueber aromatische Hydrazinverbindungen" [On aromatic hydrazine compounds.] Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 8:589-594. Swiss chocolatier Daniel Peter working with Henri Nestlé's company perfects a method of manufacturing milk chocolate using condensed milk.Wilson Philip K. Hurst W. Jeffrey Chocolate as Medicine: A Quest Over the Centuries London Royal Society of Chemistry 2012 97-8 978-1-84973-411-0 Earth sciences March 23 – Challenger expedition first records Challenger Deep.Aitken Frédéric Foulc Jean-Numa From deep sea to laboratory. 1: the first explorations of the deep sea by H.M.S. Challenger (1872–1876) 2019 Iste-Wiley London 9781786303745 http://www.iste.co.uk/book.php?id=1474 Genetics Francis Galton publishes The History of Twins, as a criterion of the relative powers of nature and nurture.Fraser's Magazine 12: 566-76. Medicine March 1 – The Hospital for Sick Children (Toronto) is founded in Canada. The weekly medical journal, Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift, is established in Germany by Paul Börner.Staehr C. Dr. Paul Börner, founder of the Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift German Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift 124 38 1119–20 10576968 10.1055/s-0029-1233185 September 1999 Metrology May 20 – International Bureau of Weights and Measures established by signature of the Metre Convention in Paris. Awards Copley Medal: August Wilhelm HofmannCopley Medal British scientific award https://www.britannica.com/science/Copley-Medal Encyclopedia Britannica 23 July 2020 en Wollaston Medal for geology: Laurent-Guillaume de Koninck Births January 10 – Issai Schur (died 1941), Belarusian-born Jewish mathematician January 14 – Albert Schweitzer (died 1965), German-born French medical missionary February 4 – Ludwig Prandtl (died 1953), German physicist March 14 – Fran Jesenko (died 1932), Slovene botanist and plant geneticist June 20 – Reginald Punnett (died 1967), English geneticist June 28 – Henri Lebesgue (died 1941), French mathematician July 26 – Carl Jung (died 1961), Swiss psychiatrist September 11 – Edith Humphrey (died 1978), English chemist October 23 – Gilbert N. Lewis (died 1946), American chemist; first to isolate deuterium November 12 – Stanislaus von Prowazek, born Stanislav Provázek (died 1915), Bohemian parasitologist Deaths February 22 – Charles Lyell (born 1797), Scottish-born geologist February 28 – Robert Willis, English mechanical engineer, phonetician and architectural historian (born 1800) March 7 – John Edward Gray (born 1800), English taxonomist March 31 – Friedrich Julius Richelot (born 1808), German mathematician April 11 – Heinrich Schwabe (born 1789), German astronomer October 2 – Petrache Poenaru (died 1799), Romanian inventor October 19 – Charles Wheatstone (born 1802), English inventor November 27 – Richard Carrington (born 1826), English astronomer References Category:19th century in science Category:1870s in science