2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt

Failed military coup attempt in Turkey July 2020 2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt Turkish government–Gülen movement conflict 15 July 2016 coup attempt tanks-Ulus (cropped).jpg 310 Abandoned military vehicle used during the coup in Ankara, near the bombed building of the Directorate of Police, 16 July 15–16 July 2016 Mostly Ankara, Istanbul, Marmarishttp://www.milliyet.com.tr/marmaris-te-helikopterden-ates-gundem-2278703/ Milliyet Marmaris'te Erdoğan'ın oteli vuruldu Erdoğan's hotel was hit in Marmaris 16 July 2016 16 July 2016 Turkish government victory Coup d'état failedTurkey rounds up thousands of suspected participants in coup attempt Erin Cunningham Liz Sly Zeynep Karatas https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/after-bloody-night-turkeys-president-declares-coup-attempt-foiled/2016/07/16/9b84151e-4af7-11e6-8dac-0c6e4accc5b1_story.html The Washington Post 16 July 2016 16 July 2016 Beginning of the democratic backsliding of Turkey Freedom House has lowered Turkey's Freedom Rating every year since the 2016 coup attempt, and since 2018 has classified it as "Not Free".Turkey: Freedom in the World 2024 https://freedomhouse.org/country/turkey Freedom House 4 October 2025 3 million Turkish citizens were tried for terrorism between 2016 and 2024https://aktifhaber.com/genel/her-6-kisiden-sadece-1i-suclu-bulundu-2016-2024-arasinda-3-milyon-kisiye-terorist-suclamasi-yapildi.html Her 6 kişiden sadece 1'i suçlu bulundu: 2016-2024 arasında 3 milyon kişiye 'terörist' suçlaması yapıldı 21 November 2025 511,000 Gülen followers detained for terror charges between 2016 and 2019 only.Die Gülen-Bewegung im Exil: Wiederbelebung in der Diaspora https://www.giga-hamburg.de/de/publikationen/giga-focus/die-guelen-bewegung-im-exil-wiederbelebung-in-der-diaspora German Institute for Global and Area Studies 6 October 2025 8 October 2025 https://web.archive.org/web/20251008004433/https://www.giga-hamburg.de/de/publikationen/giga-focus/die-guelen-bewegung-im-exil-wiederbelebung-in-der-diaspora dead Turkey Peace at Home Council Elements of the Turkish Armed Forces Elements of the First Armyhttp://bigstory.ap.org/article/e9096c0529414e8f959d86f8897e62be/latest-report-turkish-military-says-its-taken-control The Latest: Parliament speaker says lawmakers safe Associated Press 15 July 2016 15 July 2016 10 April 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20170410005916/http://bigstory.ap.org/article/e9096c0529414e8f959d86f8897e62be/latest-report-turkish-military-says-its-taken-control dead Factions of the Second Armyhttps://www.reuters.com/article/us-turkey-security-arrest-commander-idUSKCN0ZW0X3?il=0 Turkey detains Second Army commander after coup attempt: Anadolu 16 July 2016 16 July 2016 Reuters Presidential Guard Elements of the Third Army Elements of the Turkish Air Force Elements of the Turkish Naval Forceshttp://www.aljazeera.com.tr/haber/darbeci-generaller-gozaltinda Darbeci Generaller Gözaltında Al Jazeera 16 July 2016 16 July 2016 27 March 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200327213514/http://www.aljazeera.com.tr/haber/tuggeneraller-cuntasi-kurulacakti dead Elements of the Gendarmerie General Command Gülen movement (per Turkey)https://www.socialeurope.eu/2016/07/fethullah-gulen-behind-turkeys-coup/ Is Fethullah Gülen Behind Turkey's Coup? 25 July 2016 3 August 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160726135053/https://www.socialeurope.eu/2016/07/fethullah-gulen-behind-turkeys-coup/ 26 July 2016 deadhttps://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-36855846 Turkey coup: What is Gülen movement and what does it want? BBC News 21 July 2016 Supported by: EgyptIn Egypt, Many Leaders Quietly Cheered Turkish Coup Plotters https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/19/world/middleeast/egypt-turkey-erdogan-coup.html?mcubz=1 16 July 2016Telci Ismail Numan Middle Eastern supporters of Turkey's failed coup http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2017/07/middle-eastern-supporters-turkey-failed-coup-170714110836313.html Al Jazeera 14 July 2017 United Arab Emirates (alleged, implied in leaked e-mails)Abu Dhabi links with Israel exposed in leaked emails https://www.alaraby.co.uk/english/news/2017/6/3/abu-dhabi-links-with-israel-exposed-in-leaked-emails 13 June 2017UAE allegedly funneled $3B to topple Erdoğan, Turkish government https://www.dailysabah.com/politics/2017/06/13/uae-allegedly-funneled-3b-to-topple-erdogan-turkish-government 13 June 2017UAE ambassador's hacked emails 'show' alleged role in Turkey coup https://news.sol.org.tr/uae-ambassadors-hacked-emails-show-alleged-role-turkey-coup-172356 13 June 2017 7 November 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20171107010409/https://news.sol.org.tr/uae-ambassadors-hacked-emails-show-alleged-role-turkey-coup-172356 dead United States (alleged by some Turkish officials, denied by the U.S.)Turkish minister says U.S. behind 2016 failed coup – Hurriyet Reuters 5 February 2021 https://www.reuters.com/article/turkey-security-usa-int-idUSKBN2A41NF 3 April 2023 Israel(alleged)https://www.aa.com.tr/en/turkiye/failed-2016-coup-attempt-was-launched-over-turkiyes-pro-palestine-stance-president-erdogan/3276270# Failed 2016 Coup attempt was launched over Türkiye's pro-Palestine stance 20 March 2025https://www.timesofisrael.com/israel-was-in-favor-of-turkey-coup-arab-mk-claims/ Turkey Government of Turkey and loyal state institutions Turkish Armed Forces Turkish National Police Police Special Operation Department National Intelligence Organization Municipalities Pro-government protesters Supported by: United KingdomFormer UK minister says backing Turkish democracy after 2016 defeated coup bid 'was very important https://www.aa.com.tr/en/turkiye/former-uk-minister-says-backing-turkish-democracy-after-2016-defeated-coup-bid-was-very-important/3997358 18 July 2026 Anadolu Agency RussiaRussia Warned Turkish Government About Imminent Coup – Reports http://themoscowtimes.com/news/russia-warned-turkey-about-imminent-coup-54674 21 July 2016 The Moscow Times Ukrainehttp://censor.net.ua/ https://web.archive.org/web/20160722091613/http://censor.net.ua/ dead 2016-07-22 Порошенко висловив підтримку Ердогану і уряду Туреччини: "Базові принципи демократії мають поважатися" 26 January 2026 BelarusWasilewski Karol Belarus in Turkey's Foreign Policy http://pism.pl/publications/belarus-in-turkeys-foreign-policy Polish Institute of International Affairs 15 July 2026 Iranچرا ایران در کنار اردوغان ایستاد؟ - AL-MONITOR: The Middle Eastʼs leading independent news source since 2012 https://www.al-monitor.com/fa/contents/articles/originals/2016/07/iran-reactions-turkey-coup-attempt-zarif-erdogan.html 2026-07-20 www.al-monitor.com SomaliaMaruf Harun Somalia Condemns Coup Attempt in Turkey, Closes Projects Linked to Gulen https://www.voanews.com/a/somalia-condemn-turkish-coup-attempt-closes-projects-linked-to-gulen/3421160.html 15 July 2026 Voice of America Qatarhttps://www.middleeasteye.net/news/middle-east-allies-rally-round-turkeys-president-erdogan Middle East allies rally round Turkey's President Erdogan 26 January 2026 Hamashttps://www.middleeasteye.net/news/middle-east-allies-rally-round-turkeys-president-erdogan Middle East allies rally round Turkey's President Erdogan 26 January 2026 Syria Syrian opposition Fethullah Gülen (alleged)Most Turks believe a secretive Muslim sect was behind the failed coup https://www.economist.com/news/europe/21703186-president-erdogan-blames-gulenists-putsch-and-has-launched-massive-purges-most-turks 30 July 2016 The Economist 28 July 2016Adil ÖksüzTheology assistant prof may be number one man of 15 July coup attempt: Columnist http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/theology-assistant-prof-may-be-number-one-man-of-july-15-coup-attempt-columnist.aspx?pageID=238&nID=102468&NewsCatID=338 22 August 2016 Hürriyet Daily News 4 August 2016Akın Öztürk (alleged)http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/iste-darbe-girisiminin-perde-arkasi-40149376 İşte darbe girişiminin perde arkası Hürriyet 16 July 2016 18 July 2016Mehmet Dişli (alleged)Adem Huduti (alleged)Semih Terzi (alleged)Bekir Ercan Van (alleged)İrfan Kızılaslan (alleged)https://www.alaraby.co.uk/english/news/2016/11/5/turkish-colonel-arrested-following-coup-found-dead-in-cell Turkish colonel arrested following coup found dead in cell 5 November 2016 27 January 2017 Recep Tayyip ErdoğanBinali YıldırımHakan FidanHulusi AkarÜmit DündarZekai AksakallıSalih Zeki ÇolakBülent BostanoğluAbidin Ünal 1.5% of the Turkish Armed Forces (8,651 soldiers)1,676 NCOs1,214 military academy students74 tanks172 armored vehicles35 planes (allegedly)37 helicopters (allegedly)3 warships (allegedly) December 2025 The citations were primary source, owned by Turkish government 99% of Turkish Armed Forces ranking officershttp://www.cnn.com/2016/07/20/middleeast/turkey-military-failed-coup/index.html What does arresting 9,000 officers do to Turkey's military readiness? Nic Robertson CNN 1 November 201666% of the military's top leadership 24–104 people killed,http://www.wbng.com/home/The-Latest-Turkish-journalists-condemn-raids-against-media-387316831.html The Latest: Turkish Journalists Condemn Raids Against Media dead https://web.archive.org/web/20161113120811/http://www.wbng.com/home/The-Latest-Turkish-journalists-condemn-raids-against-media-387316831.html 13 November 20162 helicopters shot down (unconfirmed)http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2016/07/19/how-fighter-jets-almost-killed-a-president.html How Fighter Jets Almost Killed a President David Axe 19 July 2016 The Daily Beast22 died in prison 67 pro-state forces killed (62 police officers and 5 loyal soldiers)https://www.timesofisrael.com/turkey-shuts-1000-school-arrests-wanted-clerics-nephew/ Turkey shuts 1,000 schools, arrests wanted cleric's nephew Frank Zeller Stuart Williams Times of Israel 23 July 2016 During 15 July night, 179 civilians killed270–350 killedhttp://guardian.ng/news/erdogan-back-in-ankara-as-thousands-hit-by-turkey-purge/ Lagos, Nigeria Erdogan back in Ankara as thousands hit by Turkey purge 20 July 2016 The Guardian and 2,185 wounded overallhttps://news.stv.tv/archive/1361386-president-erdogan-another-coup-attempt-in-turkey-is-possible President Erdogan: Another coup attempt in Turkey is possible 21 July 2016 STV News After the coup attempt: 3 million Turkish citizens were investigated for terrorism between 2016 and 2024. 511,000 detained by official numbers https://www.giga-hamburg.de/de/publikationen/giga-focus/die-guelen-bewegung-im-exil-wiederbelebung-in-der-diaspora Die Gülen-Bewegung im Exil: Wiederbelebung in der Diaspora 4 October 2025 8 October 2025 https://web.archive.org/web/20251008004433/https://www.giga-hamburg.de/de/publikationen/giga-focus/die-guelen-bewegung-im-exil-wiederbelebung-in-der-diaspora dead (10,012 soldiers, 1,481 judiciary members),http://www.kuna.net.kw/ArticleDetails.aspx?id=2512989&Language=en KUNA : 240 Turkey's regime supporters killed in failed coup attempt  – Security  – 19/07/2016 22 July 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160818181251/http://www.kuna.net.kw/ArticleDetails.aspx?id=2512989&Language=en 18 August 2016 deadhttps://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/military-says-8651-soldiers-participated-in-turkeys-coup-attempt-102137 Military says 8,651 soldiers participated in Turkey's coup attempt Hürriyet Daily News 27 July 2016 of which 127, 000 were arrested https://arrestedlawyers.org/2025/07/17/turkeys-post-coup-crackdown-nine-years-on/ Turkey's Post-Coup Crackdown: Nine Years On 17 July 2025 150,000 government officials and workers suspendedhttps://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/208-people-killed-by-coup-attempters-turkeys-pm--101745 208 people killed by coup attempters: Turkey's PM Hürriyet Daily News 18 July 2016 MEB'te 15 bin kişi açığa alındı, 21 bin öğretmenin lisansı iptal http://www.ntv.com.tr/turkiye/mebte-15-bin-kisiaciga-alindi-21-bin-ogretmenin-lisansi-iptal,M0MP9gAjX0uGmGAe96Y5mA NTV 19 July 2016 tr 19 July 2016https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/turkey-says-103-generals-admirals-detained-after-turkeys-failed-coup-attempt-101757 Turkey says 103 generals, admirals detained after Turkey's failed coup attempt Hürriyet Daily News 19 July 2016 3 news agencies, 16 TV stations, 23 radio stations, 45 newspapers, 15 magazines and 29 publishers were ordered to shut downhttp://guardian.ng/news/turkey-shakes-up-military-closes-media-after-coup-bid/ Lagos, Nigeria Turkey shakes up military, closes media after coup bid 28 July 2016 The Guardian Over 12 billion $ worth property linked to Gulen movement were seized by the Turkish government. 1,043 private schools, 1,229 charities and foundations, 19 trade unions, 15 universities and 35 medical institutions affiliated with the movement shut down by the Erdogan government https://www.reuters.com/article/world/turkey-s-erdogan-signs-first-decree-under-state-of-emergency-idUSKCN1030D1/ Turkey's Erdogan signs first decree under state of emergency Reuters 23 July 2016 19 October 2025 https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/tek-tek-kapatiliyor-40165471/ They are closing one by one (Turkish) bid 23 July 2016 9 May 2021 31 May 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20210531162208/https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/tek-tek-kapatiliyor-40165471 dead On the evening of 15 July 2016,Turkey: How the Coup Failed https://www.journalofdemocracy.org/articles/turkey-how-the-coup-failed/ 2024-12-21 Journal of Democracy en-US2016-07-18 Comparing Turkey's Coups https://www.commentary.org/michael-rubin/turkey-coup-1980-1960-2016/ 2024-12-21 Commentary Magazine en-US an attempted military coup occurred in Turkey, orchestrated by a faction within the Turkish Armed Forces of 8,500 soldiers and military cadets, identifying themselves as the "Peace at Home Council".http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/12/turkey-failed-coup-attempt-161217032345594.html Turkey's failed coup attempt: All you need to know Al Jazeera December 2016 Armed troops attempted to seize control of several key locations in Ankara, Istanbul, and Marmaris but were defeated by a mix of loyalist soldiers and civilian protestors. The Council cited an erosion of secularism, elimination of democratic rule,Kinney Drew Holland 2016 Civilian Actors in the Turkish Military Drama of July 2016 http://www.emgr.unic.ac.cy/wp-content/uploads/EMPN_10.pdf https://web.archive.org/web/20171011081541/http://www.emgr.unic.ac.cy/wp-content/uploads/EMPN_10.pdf dead 2017-10-11 Eastern Mediterranean Policy Note 10 1–12 disregard for human rights, and Turkey's loss of credibility in the international arena as reasons for the coup.http://www.haber3.com/asker-trt-binasinda-iste-darbe-bildirisi-3977124h.htm Asker TRT binasında: İşte 'darbe' bildirisi Haber3.com tr 16 July 2016 18 July 2016Amb. W. Robert Pearson What Caused the Turkish Coup Attempt https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2016/07/what-caused-the-turkish-coup-attempt-214057/ Politico 16 July 2016 22 July 2016 That same evening, Erdoğan stated that they had evidence the coup leaders were linked to the Gülen movement, and alleged that the United States was harboring Gülen.Turkey arrests 60 businessmen for alleged Gulen ties https://www.arabnews.com/node/1037486/amp 2021-03-14 Arab News en2017-07-23 The Evidence against Fetullah Gülen behind Coup Attempt https://www.setav.org/en/the-evidence-against-fetullah-gulen-behind-coup-attempt/ 2023-07-14 SETA en-GB Uzun Cem Duran http://www.nzherald.co.nz/world/news/article.cfm?c_id=2&objectid=11684294 Pentagon says no US military support for Turkey coup The New Zealand Herald 30 July 2016 https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/08/02/erdogan-accuses-west-of-writing-the-script-for-turkey-coup https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/08/02/erdogan-accuses-west-of-writing-the-script-for-turkey-coup 12 January 2022 subscription live Erdogan accuses West of 'writing the script' for Turkey coup 2 August 2016 The Telegraphhttps://www.smh.com.au/world/turkeys-erdogan-edges-closer-to-blaming-the-us-for-coup-attempt-20160729-gqh58p.html Turkey's Erdoğan edges closer to blaming the US for coup attempt Benjamin Harvey 29 July 2016 The Gülen movement had over 2,000 schools, hundreds of charities, and hospitals globally by 2015.2014-01-21 Map of Gülen's 2,000 educational enterprises in 160 countries https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702304757004579332870328602110 2025-11-26 Wall Street Journal en-US 0099-9660 Erdoğan had designated the movement as a terrorist organization in May 2016, citing the police investigation of the 2013 corruption scandal which he described as a "judicial coup attempt" allegedly carried out by police officers linked to the movement.Fetullah Gülen Movement AFPC Almanac https://almanac.afpc.org/almanac/movements/fetullah-gulen-movement 2025-10-03 almanac.afpc.org The Gülen movement was led by Fethullah Gülen, a Turkish businessmanhttps://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2016/07/21/cleric-accused-turkey-coup-attempt/87392366/ Closer look at empire of cleric accused in Turkey coup attempt USA Today 21 July 2016 14 September 2016https://www.latimes.com/world/la-fg-turkey-gulen-20140120-story.html From his Pa. compound, Fethullah Gülen shakes up Turkey Phelps Timothy M. Los Angeles Times 14 September 2016 20 January 2014http://www.city-journal.org/html/who-fethullah-g%C3%BClen-13504.html Who Is Fethullah Gülen? 23 December 2015 14 September 2016 2 August 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160802161113/http://www.city-journal.org/html/who-fethullah-g%C3%BClen-13504.html deadhttps://www.ft.com/content/4ef8cb6a-8cc0-11e3-ad57-00144feab7de Gülen's shadowy network is a formidable enemy Park Bill 17 February 2014 Financial Times 0307-1766 14 September 2016 and a well-known Islamic scholarhttps://time.com/4427190/turkey-coup-fethullah-gulen-purge/ How Erdoğan United Turkey Against Fethullah Gülen Malsin Jared Time 14 September 2016 18 September 2025 https://web.archive.org/web/20250918154553/https://time.com/4427190/turkey-coup-fethullah-gulen-purge/ deadhttp://www.cnn.com/2016/07/18/us/fethullah-gulen-turkey/index.html Fethullah Gülen: A rare look at polarizing Turkish exile Ganim Sara CNN 14 September 2016https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/20/world/europe/fethullah-gulen-erdogan-extradition.html Turkey Pursues Cleric Living in U.S., Blamed as Coup Mastermind Arango Tim 19 July 2016 Hubbard Ben The New York Times 0362-4331 14 September 2016 who lived in exile in Pennsylvania.http://voices.washingtonpost.com/spy-talk/2011/01/islamic_group_is_cia_front_ex-.html SpyTalk – Islamic group is CIA front, ex-Turkish intel chief says The Washington Post 25 August 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20210915202010/http://voices.washingtonpost.com/spy-talk/2011/01/islamic_group_is_cia_front_ex-.html 15 September 2021 dead In response, Gülen called for an international commission to investigate the failed coup and said he would accept the findings if such a body found evidence of his guilt. In contrast, the Erdoğan government did not agree even to a proposal for a national parliamentary committee to investigate the events of 15 July.2016-09-23 Turkish cleric calls for international body to examine coup charges https://www.reuters.com/article/world/turkish-cleric-calls-for-international-body-to-examine-coup-charges-idUSKCN11T2C4/ 2025-10-03 Reuters en-GBAKP'nin Meclis'te reddettiği araştırma önergeleri https://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler-turkiye-45042998 2025-10-07 BBC News Türkçe trSözcü Rabia Azra 2022-07-21 15 Temmuz raporu neden Meclis'e sunulmadı? 'Tek sorumlu AKP'dir ve raporda ifşa ettik' https://www.cumhuriyet.com.tr/turkiye/15-temmuz-raporu-neden-meclise-sunulmadi-tek-sorumlu-akpdir-ve-raporda-ifsa-ettik-1960642 2025-10-07 www.cumhuriyet.com.tr tr Events surrounding the coup attempt and the purges in its aftermath reflect a complex power struggle between Islamist elites in Turkey.https://www.opendemocracy.net/dr-ayla-gol/turkey-s-clash-of-islamists-erdogan-vs-g-len Turkey's clash of Islamists: Erdogan vs Gülen 27 July 2016 27 January 2017 30 June 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20180630190456/https://www.opendemocracy.net/dr-ayla-gol/turkey-s-clash-of-islamists-erdogan-vs-g-len deadhttp://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2016/10/turkey-power-struggle-between-islamists-and-secularits.html Power struggle erupts in Turkey's security structure 12 October 2016 Metin Gurcan Al-Monitor 29 October 2016 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20161030000137/http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2016/10/turkey-power-struggle-between-islamists-and-secularits.html 30 October 2016 During the coup attempt, over 300 people were killed, and more than 2,100 were injured. Turkish government claimed that many government buildings, including the Turkish Parliament and the Presidential Palace, were bombed from the air, however independent journalists like Ahmet Nesin argued that the marks seen in the photos of the parliament building, such as burns, holes or damage to the surrounding structures do not match what would be expected from a missile or airstrike, therefore he finds such claims absurd.Gerçek Artı 2017-07-05 15 Temmuz'da meclise füze atıldı mı!.. https://artigercek.com/makale/15-temmuzda-meclise-fuze-atildi-mi-24928 2025-10-04 Artı Gerçek tr The next morning Erdoğan called the coup attempt "a gift from God" and started his mass arrests and purges, with at least 40,000 detained in the first days,Turkey to Release Tens of Thousands of Prisoners to Make Room for Coup Suspects https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/18/world/europe/turkey-prisoners-erdogan.html The New York Times 17 August 2016 including at least 10,000 soldiers and 2,745 judges (who were arrested the next morning on 16 July), for being affiliated with the coup attempt.https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-36813924 Turkey: Mass arrests after coup bid quashed, says PM 16 July 2016 BBC News 16 July 2016 http://www.cnn.com/2016/07/17/asia/turkey-attempted-coup/index.html Turkey coup attempt: Erdoğan rounds up suspected plotters Sheena McKenzie Ray Sanchez CNN 15,000 education staff were also suspended and the licenses of 21,000 teachers working at private institutions were revoked after the government stated they were loyal to Gülen.https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-36838347 Turkey coup: Purge widens to education sector BBC News 19 July 2016 20 July 2016 More than 77,000 people were arrested and over 160,000 fired from their jobs, on reports of connections to Gülen.Turkey elections: Six arrested for 'insulting Erdogan' on social media ahead of major national polls https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/turkey-elections-arrests-insulting-president-erdogan-opposition-a8414146.html https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220501/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/turkey-elections-arrests-insulting-president-erdogan-opposition-a8414146.html 1 May 2022 subscription live The Independent 24 June 2018https://www.reuters.com/article/us-turkey-security/turkey-orders-detention-of-132-people-in-coup-probe-agency-idUSKBN1JM0T6 Turkey orders detention of 132 people in coup probe: agency Reuters 26 June 2018Turkey arrests German for spreading Kurdish propaganda: Anadolu https://www.reuters.com/article/us-germany-turkey-security/turkey-arrests-german-for-spreading-kurdish-propaganda-anadolu-idUSKBN1KF2ZX Reuters 25 July 2018 Since the 2016 coup attempt, approximately 3 million citizens have been tried and 527,000 detained on terrorism-related charges in Turkey.SCF 2022-12-13 More than 2 million terrorism investigations launched in Turkey following failed coup: official data https://stockholmcf.org/more-than-2-million-terrorism-investigations-launched-in-turkey-following-failed-coup-official-data/ 2025-10-04 Stockholm Center for Freedom en-USDie Gülen-Bewegung im Exil: Wiederbelebung in der Diaspora https://www.giga-hamburg.de/de/publikationen/giga-focus/die-guelen-bewegung-im-exil-wiederbelebung-in-der-diaspora 2025-10-04 www.giga-hamburg.de de-DE 8 October 2025 https://web.archive.org/web/20251008004433/https://www.giga-hamburg.de/de/publikationen/giga-focus/die-guelen-bewegung-im-exil-wiederbelebung-in-der-diaspora dead 2025-11-21 Her 6 kişiden sadece 1'i suçlu bulundu: 2016-2024 arasında 3 milyon kişiye 'terörist' suçlaması yapıldı https://aktifhaber.com/genel/her-6-kisiden-sadece-1i-suclu-bulundu-2016-2024-arasinda-3-milyon-kisiye-terorist-suclamasi-yapildi.html 2025-11-22 Aktifhaber en-US 15 universities and 35 hospitals, 1226 charities, more than 1000 schools were shut down due to alleged links to the movement on 23 July 2016, just 8 days after the coup attempt.2016-07-26 15 Universities shut down in connection with state of emergency https://www.scholarsatrisk.org/2016/07/15-universities-shut-connection-state-emergency/ 2025-10-24 Scholars at Risk en-US2016-07-23 Turkish Schools, Charities Shut in First Decree of Emergency https://www.voanews.com/a/turkish-schools-charities-close-in-erdogan-s-first-state-of-emergency-decree/3431619.html 2025-10-24 Voice of America en There were many reactions against the coup attempt, both domestically and internationally. The main opposition parties in Turkey condemned the attempt, while several international leaders—such as those of the United States, NATO, the European Union, and neighboring countries—called for "respect of the democratic institutions in Turkey and its elected officials." Many international organizations also opposed the coup. The United Nations Security Council, however, did not denounce the coup after disagreements over the phrasing of a statement.https://www.reuters.com/article/us-turkey-security-un-idUSKCN0ZW0ZN Egypt blocks U.N. call to respect 'democratically elected' government in Turkey Michelle Nichols Reuters 16 July 2016 16 July 2016 Iran opposed the coup and advised Erdogan to defeat the coup plotters.Why did Iran stand by Erdogan? 19 July 2016 https://www.al-monitor.com/fa/contents/articles/originals/2016/07/iran-reactions-turkey-coup-attempt-zarif-erdogan.html live https://web.archive.org/web/20210515055840/https://www.al-monitor.com/fa/contents/articles/originals/2016/07/iran-reactions-turkey-coup-attempt-zarif-erdogan.html 15 May 2021 In March 2017, Germany's intelligence chief said Germany was unconvinced by Erdoğan's statement that Fethullah Gülen was behind the failed coup attempt.http://www.politico.EU/article/Erdogan-attacks-merkel-again/ Erdoğan attacks Merkel again Politico EU 23 March 2017 19 March 2017https://www.yahoo.com/news/erdogan-expects-turkish-parliament-restore-capital-punishment-105152434.html Erdogan sees Turkey parliament restoring capital punishment Yahoo News 18 March 2017 Stuart Williams AFP 23 March 2017 24 March 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20170324085739/https://www.yahoo.com/news/erdogan-expects-turkish-parliament-restore-capital-punishment-105152434.html dead The same month, the British Parliament's Foreign Affairs Select Committee said some Gülenists were involved in the coup d'état attempt but found no hard evidence that Fethullah Gülen masterminded the failed coup and found no evidence to justify the United Kingdom designating the Gülen movement as a "terrorist organization".House of Commons – The UK's relations with Turkey – Foreign Affairs Committee https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201617/cmselect/cmfaff/615/61507.htm#_idTextAnchor067 2021-07-15 publications.parliament.uk On 18 July 2016, historian Michael Rubin compared the coup attempt to previous ones, highlighting several key differences and its overall absurdity. He later referred to the coup attempt as "Turkey's Reichstag Fire", suggesting that it had been staged by Erdoğan himself.Turkey's Reichstag Fire https://www.aei.org/op-eds/turkeys-reichstag-fire/ https://web.archive.org/web/20241204171430/https://www.aei.org/op-eds/turkeys-reichstag-fire/ 2024-12-04 2025-10-19 American Enterprise Institute - AEI en-US Unlike previous coups, which typically occurred in the early morning hours between 3 and 4 a.m. while the population was asleep, this attempt took place at 9 p.m. Furthermore, there was no civilian resistance in prior coup attempts. This coup also stands out as no politicians were arrested, a stark contrast to previous events where hundreds were detained. The coup was announced by a female TV anchor, a stark contrast to past coups where military commanders publicly claimed responsibility on national television. A 2019 Nordic Monitor report claimed that early draft coup directives listed Chief of General Staff Hulusi Akar as "President" of the putschist Peace at Home Council, with his signature on orders to impose martial law. Later public versions omitted his name, but some analysts suggest this raises questions about his role during the coup.Ex-military chief Hulusi Akar was leader of the putschists according to secret coup drafts - Nordic Monitor https://nordicmonitor.com/2019/07/army-chief-hulusi-akar-was-the-leader-of-putschists-according-to-draft-coup-directive/ nordicmonitor.com 2019-07-13 2025-11-29 en-US Since 2016, Turkey has become increasingly authoritarian under Erdogan regime. According to Reporters Without Borders, as of 2025 90% of the media is controlled by the government and Turkey ranks 159th out of 180 countries in terms of freedom of press.2025-10-22 Türkiye RSF https://rsf.org/en/country-t%C3%BCrkiye 2025-12-25 rsf.org en Freedom House has lowered Turkey's Freedom Rating every year since the 2016 coup attempt, and since 2018 has classified it as "Not Free".Turkey: Country Profile https://freedomhouse.org/country/turkey 2025-12-31 Freedom House en Turkey's ranking in the World Justice Project Rule of law index declined between 2016 and 2025, falling from 80th place to 118th out of 143 countries.23 December 2025 World Justice Project: 2025 Rule of Law Index – Türkiye https://www.nccadvocacy.org/post/world-justice-project-2025-rule-of-law-index-t%C3%BCrkiye Turkey's incarceration rate has more than doubled since the coup attempt and as of 2026 it is the highest in Europe.Turkey World Prison Brief https://www.prisonstudies.org/country/turkey?language_content_entity=en-gb 2026-09-09 www.prisonstudies.orgsolidaritywithothers.com 2026-09-04 Turkey has Europe's highest imprisonment rate. Its prisons now hold 130,000 more people than they were built for. https://solidaritywithothers.com/turkey-has-europes-highest-imprisonment-rate-its-prisons-now-hold-130000-more-people-than-they-were-built-for/ 2026-09-09 Solidarity with OTHERS en-US Background History of the Republic of Turkey Turkish coup d'état Gülen movement Since the 1970s, followers of the influential cleric Fethullah Gülen had assumed increasingly important positions within the Turkish state apparatus. Gülen several times advised his followers to take key positions in society and government, if necessary with a secret identity to avoid opposition from the laicistic Turkish army and government.Gülen'in 1999'da yayınlanan olay videosu: "Sivrilirsek sonumuz Cezayir gibi olur" https://medyascope.tv/2016/08/18/gulenin-1999da-yayinlanan-olay-videosu-sivrilirsek-sonumuz-cezayir-gibi-olur/ 19 March 2023 Medyascope 18 August 2016 tr Nevertheless, at the start of the 21st century, Gülen's followers achieved crucial positions of power in Turkey (and beyond) with a vast network of newspapers, TV channels, schools, associations, lobby organizations, financial institutions and positions within the state such as the army and the judiciary.History, organizational structure and deeds of a clandestine crime syndicate https://spcommreports.ohchr.org/TMResultsBase/DownLoadFile?gId=33619 19 March 2023 Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights 1 June 2017Şik Ahmet Turkey. Ahmet Şik's Statement in Court on 24 July 2017 - Defending Freedom of Expression https://orientxxi.info/magazine/turkey-ahmet-sik-s-statement-in-court-on-24-july-2017,1998 19 March 2023 Orient XXI 12 September 2017 en Initially, the then Prime Minister Erdoğan seemingly tolerated the power of the Gülen movement because of common interests such as limiting the undemocratic political power of the military, but also because of impotence and fear of Gülen's power within Turkey.Yumitro Gonda The Turkish Government's Policy in Weakening the Gulen Movement Britain International of Humanities and Social Sciences (BIoHS) Journal 2 February 2022 4 1 26–33 10.33258/biohs.v4i1.567 246501375 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/367812641 free A series of events eventually led to a rift between Erdoğan and Gülen.Kardas Tuncay Balci Ali Understanding the July 2016 Military Coup: The Contemporary Security Dilemma in Turkey Digest of Middle East Studies May 2019 28 1 144–163 10.1111/dome.12174 167202836 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330736900 19 March 2023 For example, the so-called ″MİT crisis″ in February 2012 which has been interpreted as a power struggle between the AKP and the pro-Gülen police and judiciary, then the 2013 corruption scandal erupted which caused 4 ministers to resign. During this period (2010–2013), state secrets were leaked,Boulton Ralph Turkish security breach exposes Erdogan in power struggle https://www.reuters.com/article/us-turkey-election-idUSBREA2R12X20140328 25 March 2023 Reuters 28 March 2014 Istanbul en a change of power occurred at the Supreme Council of Judges and Prosecutors (HSYK).Çavdar Ayşe Gülen sect: Reached for the state, got capital instead https://tr.boell.org/en/2016/08/09/guelen-sect-reached-state-got-capital-instead 19 March 2023 Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung 9 August 2016 en Following these events and other incidents, the Turkish government decided to designate the Gülen movement as a parallel state and began referring to it as "FETÖ" (Fethullahist Terror Organization) — a designation the movement and its supporters have rejected. Alleged Gülen supporters were fired or arrested.Turkey detains supporters of Erdogan rival Gulen in raids https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-34709324 19 March 2023 BBC News 3 November 2015 The coup attempt that followed is therefore also described by some analysts as a last desperate attempt by Gülenists to retain power.Ülgen Sinan Whither Turkey? https://carnegieeurope.eu/2016/09/23/whither-turkey-pub-64697 19 March 2023 Carnegie Europe 23 September 2016Winter Chase Turkey's coup attempt: real and imagined threats – DW – 07/27/2016 https://www.dw.com/en/real-and-imagined-threats-the-shared-past-of-akp-and-the-g%C3%BClen-movement/a-19429199 19 March 2023 dw.com 27 July 2016 en Kemalism Kemalism Turkish coup d'état It is widely reported that Kemalist ideology played a huge role in motivating the 15 July 2016 coup attempt, like all previous political interventions in the history of Turkey's military coups. Since the establishment of multiparty democracy in Turkey in 1946, the Turkish Armed Forces (TSK), together with the judiciary, have viewed themselves as guardians of Kemalist ideals and the secular Turkish nationalist state established under Mustafa Kemal Atatürk against political parties that have promoted a larger role for Islam and minorities in public life. The military and judiciary have regularly intervened in politics to block or ban popular parties representing conservative Muslim Turks, attempting to relax the restrictions on traditional religious practices, such as women's wearing of headscarves. The military has toppled four elected governments: by coups in 1960 and 1980, and by military decisions in 1971 and 1997. The military has also banned several major political parties. In 1998, Erdoğan, then-mayor of Istanbul, was banned for life from politics and jailed because he had read a religious poem by Ziya Gökalp several years before, at a public meeting. In 2007, the military expressed its opposition to the election of Abdullah Gül, of the Justice and Development Party (AKP), as president, by issuing an e-memorandum. Still, Gül was eventually elected when the AKP won both a referendum on the matter. After a snap election, the party returned with a larger majority in parliament.Tim Arango Ceylan Yeğinsu Ceylan Yeğinsu 15 July 2016 President of Turkey Urges Resistance as Military Attempts Coup The New York Times https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/16/world/europe/military-attempts-coup-in-turkey-prime-minister-says.html 15 July 2016 Tim Arango In a statement published on the day of the coup, the military cited erosion of secularism as one of the reasons for the coup. AKP–Gülen alliance and "Ergenekon" Ergenekon trials Turkish government–Gülen movement conflict As opposed to previous political interventions by the Turkish military, Turkey's AKP government and pro-state media maintain that the 15 July 2016 coup attempt was not motivated by allegiance to Kemalist ideology, but rather to the vast political, economic, and religious network led by U.S.-based Muslim cleric Fethullah Gülen. Between 2007 and 2012, high-profile Kemalists, including high-ranking officers of the Turkish Armed Forces, faced a series of trials and purges, under reports of involvement in a secret society codenamed "Ergenekon." Supported by Islamist (both pro-Gülen and pro-Erdoğan) prosecutors, security officials, and media, the purges allowed lower-rank Islamist officers to assume high-ranking military positions.http://www.dw.com/en/real-and-imagined-threats-the-shared-past-of-akp-and-the-g%C3%BClen-movement/a-19429199 Real and imagined threats: the shared past of AKP and the Gülen movement Deutsche Welle 27 July 2016 They were seen as a bid by Turkey's civilian leaders under President Erdoğan to establish dominance over the military. In these trials in 2013 – viewed as "sensational" and "one of the biggest in recent Turkish history"Ergenekon: Court quashes 'coup plot' convictions, BBC News (21 April 2016). – 275 people, including senior military officers, journalists, lawyers, and academics, were said to be involved in the so-called "Ergenekon" conspiracy, reportedly plotting a coup in 2003/04 against then–Prime Minister Erdoğan. Additionally, some military officers were said to be involved in a separate reported plot, Sledgehammer. Simultaneously, Erdoğan promoted lower-ranking officers up the chain of command, ensuring that the military chief of staff was loyal to him and thereby demoralizing the army.Chontier Issac How Turkey Came To This http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/interrogation/2016/07/why_turkey_s_latest_attempted_coup_was_different.html 16 July 2016 Slate 15 July 2016 The AKP's alliance with Gülen started to collapse during 2013 as Gülenists targeted the AKP using corruption charges.https://www.wsj.com/articles/turkeys-recep-tayyip-erdogan-turns-on-former-brother-in-arms-fethullah-gulen-1469058504 Turkey's Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Turns on Former Brother-in-Arms Fethullah Gülen Emre Peker 21 July 2016 Wall Street Journal After the split, Erdoğan decided it would be advantageous to rehabilitate the army. The "Ergenekon" convictions were overturned in April 2016 by the Court of Cassation, which ruled that the existence of the network was unproven.https://www.wsj.com/articles/turkish-court-overturns-coup-plot-convictions-of-generals-1461247252 Turkish Court Overturns Coup Plot Convictions of Generals Emre Peker 21 April 2016 The Wall Street Journal Role of corruption In 2013, law enforcement efforts to fight corruption, which had led to the 2013 corruption scandal in Turkey, were faulted by Erdoğan. The anti-corruption efforts were a source of tension between the Gülenists and the AKP.https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jul/16/fethullah-gulen-who-is-the-man-blamed-by-turkeys-president-for-coup-attempt Fethullah Gülen: who is the man Turkey's president blames for coup attempt? Beaumont Peter 16 July 2016 The Guardian 19 July 2016 In political analysis in the months prior to the coup attempt, the incidence of corruption was reported to be "rife" in Turkey.http://www.newsweek.com/will-there-be-coup-against-erdogan-turkey-439181 Will There Be a Coup Against Erdoğan in Turkey? Rubin Michael 24 March 2016 Newsweek 19 July 2016 Following the coup attempt, some coup leaders cited corruption as a reason for their actions.https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2016/07/what-caused-the-turkish-coup-attempt-214057/ What Caused the Turkish Coup Attempt Pearson W. Robert 16 July 2016 Politico 19 July 2016 Immunity bill On 13 July, less than two days before the coup was launched, Erdoğan signed a bill giving Turkish soldiers immunity from prosecution while taking part in domestic operations. The bill requires cases against commanders to be approved by the prime minister, while district governors may sign cases against lower-ranking soldiers. The immunity bill was seen as part of the détente between the government and the armed forces. The latter has increasingly been taking over military operations in Kurdish-inhabited areas from police and paramilitary units.Hannah Lucinda Smith Erdoğan gives Turkish military immunity The Times http://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/turkish-military-given-immunity-as-erdogan-seeks-allies-3fcpwc2jk 15 July 2016 15 July 2016 Events Attempted takeover thumb|Tijen Karaş, a news anchor of public broadcaster TRT, was forced to read a statement from the coup-plotters after the takeover of the studio. The General Directorate of Police, and its surroundings in Ankara bombed during the coup d'état on 15 July. 200 FETO attack EGM Building.jpg Fethullah Army EGM attack.jpg On 15 July 2016, as reported just before 23:00 EEST (UTC+3), military jets were spotted flying over Ankara, and both the Fatih Sultan Mehmet and Bosphorus bridges in Istanbul were closed. Turkish Prime Minister Binali Yıldırım said military action was being "taken outside the chain of command" and it was an "illegal attempt" to seize power by "part of the military".https://www.haaretz.com/middle-east-news/turkey/1.731225 https://web.archive.org/web/20160715222337/http://www.haaretz.com/middle-east-news/turkey/1.731225 dead 15 July 2016 Turkish Military Says It Has Seized Control From Ankara Government Haaretz 15 July 2016 He further said that those involved "will pay the highest price."https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/jimdalrympleii/violence-erupts-in-turkish-capital Turkey Declares Three-Month State Of Emergency After Failed Military Coup BuzzFeed News 20 July 2016 Local media also reported tanks in Istanbul's Atatürk Airport.Turkey army group announces takeover on TV https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-36809083 BBC News 16 July 2016 It was reported that Internet users within Turkey were blocked from accessing Twitter, Facebook, and YouTube.https://qz.com/733762/turkish-military-seizes-state-power-according-to-media-reports-jets-flyover-ankara-istanbuls-bridges-closed/ Turkish military seizes power according to media reports; jets fly over Ankara, Istanbul bridges closed Jake Flanagin Quartz 15 July 2016 https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/world-news/turkey-coup-live-updates-explosion-8431256#rlabs=1%20rt$category%20p$4 Turkey 'coup': Live updates as explosion and gunfire reported in capital Ankara – Mirror Online Daily Mirror 21 July 2016 Twitter later stated that it had "no reason to think we've been fully blocked".Global Government Affairs GlobalAffairs 754072148289789952 15 July 2016 We have no reason to think we've been fully blocked in #Turkey, but we suspect there is an intentional slowing of our traffic in country. Some hostages were taken at military headquarters, including the Turkish Chief of the General Staff Hulusi Akar.https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/07/15/turkey-low-flying-jets-and-gunfire-heard-in-ankara1/ Live: Turkey coup The Daily Telegraph 15 July 2016 15 July 2016 At around 21:00, the coupists had invited Salih Zeki Çolak, the commander of the Turkish Land Forces to the military headquarters. When he arrived, he was immediately apprehended.Kara Kuvvetleri Komutanı nasıl rehin alındı? http://t24.com.tr/haber/aa-kara-kuvvetleri-komutanina-hulusi-akarin-emir-subayi-tuzak-kurdu,350499 T24 19 July 2016 Abidin Ünal, head of the Turkish Air Force, who had been attending a wedding in Istanbul, was abducted from there by soldiers who descended from a helicopter.Kurtarılan kuvvet komutanları nerede?Kaynak: Kurtarılan kuvvet komutanları nerede? http://www.yenicaggazetesi.com.tr/kurtarilan-kuvvet-komutanlari-nerede-142115h.htm Yeniçağ 19 July 2016 17 July 2016 The coupists then tried to force Akar to sign the coup declaration, almost strangling him using a belt in the process. He refused and was then taken to the Akıncı Air Base and other commanders at the headquarters.Genelkurmay Başkanı Orgeneral Hulusi Akar yaşadıklarını ilk kez anlattı http://www.cnnturk.com/video/turkiye/genelkurmay-baskani-orgeneral-hulusi-akar-yasadiklarini-ilk-kez-anlatti CNN Türk 19 July 2016 The military also entered the Justice and Development Party's offices in Istanbul and asked people to leave.Sky News Newsdesk SkyNewsBreak 754060027300904962 15 July 2016 Update – Turkish media reports soldiers have entered #Turkey's ruling party's #Istanbul offices and have asked people to leave Early reports said President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan was safe in Marmaris, south-west Turkey, where he had been on holiday.https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/07/15/turkey-low-flying-jets-and-gunfire-heard-in-ankara1/ Turkey coup: military attempt to seize power from Erdoğan as low-flying jets and gunfire heard in Ankara and bridges across Bosphorus in Istanbul closed The Telegraph 17 July 2016 Bodkin Henry Millward David Ensor Josie Rothwell James From around 23:00 to midnight, helicopters bombed the police special forces headquarters and police air force headquarters in Gölbaşı, just outside of Ankara. The attacks left 42 dead and 43 injured. Türksat headquarters in Gölbaşı was also attacked, killing two security personnel.Gölbaşı'ndaki patlamada 42 şehit, 43 yaralı var http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/yerel-haberler/ankara-haberleri/golbasi-ndaki-patlamada-42-sehit-43-yarali-var_310100/ Hürriyet Daily News 16 July 2016 16 July 2016Turkey coup attempt: President Erdoğan says the government is in control. Meanwhile, Russian Troops trespassed NATO territory to arrive in Syria to fight against ISIS, while Incirlik base electricity was cut. https://www.latimes.com/world/la-fg-turkey-unrest-helicopted-fire-kills-17-police-1468624244-htmlstory.html Los Angeles Times 16 July 2016 16 July 2016 At around 23:50, soldiers occupied Taksim Square in central Istanbul.http://www.diken.com.tr/darbe-girisimi-90-kisi-hayatini-kaybetti-darbeye-tesebbus-eden-104-kisi-olduruldu/ Darbe girişimi Diken 16 July 2016 At 00:02, it was reported by Reuters that soldiers were inside the buildings of the state broadcaster, the Turkish Radio and Television Corporation (TRT), in Ankara. During the coup attempt, soldiers forced anchor Tijen Karaş to read out a statement saying that "the democratic and secular rule of law has been eroded by the current government" and that Turkey was now led by the Peace at Home Council who would "ensure the safety of the population." The statement read in part: "Turkish Armed Forces have completely taken over the administration of the country to reinstate constitutional order, human rights and freedoms, the rule of law and general security that was damaged. [...] All international agreements are still valid. We hope that all of our good relationships with all countries will continue."Levin Sam Rawlinson Kevin 16 July 2016 Turkey military coup: tanks open fire near parliament building – live updates https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2016/jul/15/turkey-coup-attempt-military-gunfire-ankara The Guardian 16 July 2016Turkish military has said in a statement that the military has taken over The Jerusalem Post 15 July 2016 https://www.jpost.com/International/Turkish-Prime-Minister-says-military-coup-attempt-underway-460533 15 July 2016 The plotters said they had "done so to preserve democratic order, and that the rule of law must remain a priority". The statement also ordered temporary martial law (sıkıyönetim), and said a new constitution would be prepared "as soon as possible".Turkey sees army coup attempt https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-europe-36811357 BBC News 16 July 2016https://www.cnbc.com/2016/07/15/gunfire-heard-jets-seen-flying-in-turkish-capital-of-ankara.html Attempted military coup unfolding in Turkey Christine Wang Everett Rosenfeld Ted Kemp 16 July 2016 CNBC 16 July 2016 TRT was then taken off air. Other media outlets were also raided by the putschists, such as Turkish newspaper Hürriyet and private broadcaster CNN Türk.How Turkish media were raided during coup attempt https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-36814084 24 February 2024 BBC News 16 July 2016 Reuters reported on 15 July that an EU source described the coup as "well orchestrated," and predicted that "given the scale of the operation, it is difficult to imagine they will stop short of prevailing." Another EU diplomat said that the Turkish ambassador in his capital was shocked and "taking it very seriously".https://www.thenewsnigeria.com.ng/2016/07/15/turkey-coup-bid-looks-well-planned-say-eu-sources/ Turkey coup bid looks well planned, say EU sources - 15 July 2016 The NEWS The Peace at Home Council was reportedly chaired by Muharrem Köse.Turkey coup attempt: Erdoğan says uprising to be resolved shortly, calls on Turks to take to the streets – Turkey https://www.haaretz.com/middle-east-news/turkey/1.731225 https://web.archive.org/web/20160715222337/http://www.haaretz.com/middle-east-news/turkey/1.731225 dead 15 July 2016 Haaretz 16 July 2016 16 July 2016 The Associated Press Events in other cities Adana: Upon receiving the intelligence that thirty soldiers from the 10th Air Base Command would move to the base where the regional and provincial gendarmerie commands were located, the police prevented the soldiers from leaving the guardhouse with TOMA and armored vehicles and blocked them.Adana'da askerlerin üsten çıkmasına izin verilmedi https://t24.com.tr/haber/adanada-askerlerin-usten-cikmasina-izin-verilmedi,350233 23 April 2022 T24 16 July 2016 Turkish Bitlis: In the Tatvan district of Bitlis, on the orders of Brigade Commander Arif Seddar Afşar, helicopters were circulated in the skies of Tatvan and fired at the city. The brigade command left the municipality's construction equipment in front of the barracks in case there was a tank operation in the district.Saat saat 15 Temmuz'da yaşananlar https://www.haberturk.com/15-temmuz-da-neler-oldu-iste-15-temmuz-darbe-girisiminde-yasananlar-3134336 23 April 2022 www.haberturk.com 15 July 2021 tr Denizli: Approximately five hundred officers and non-commissioned officers who participated in the coup attempt surrendered to the gendarmerie and police forces. They were interrogated at Çardak District Gendarme Command.Denizli'de 500 asker gözaltına alındı https://t24.com.tr/haber/denizlide-500-asker-gozaltina-alindi,350309 23 April 2022 T24 16 July 2016 Turkish Kars: With the order of Kars 14th Mechanized Brigade Commander Brigadier General Ali Avcı, the soldiers who came with tanks and armored personnel carriers surrounded the Police Headquarters building and wanted to detain Faruk Karaduman, the chief of police. At the same hours, the invitation of Deputy Governors, 14th Mechanized Brigade Commander Brigadier General Ali Avcı, went to the command.Kars'ta tanklar emniyetin kapısına dayanınca, çatışmanın eşiğinden dönülmüş https://www.sabah.com.tr/gundem/2016/07/21/karsta-tanklar-emniyetin-kapisina-dayaninca-catismanin-esiginden-donulmus 23 April 2022 Sabah 21 July 2016 tr Kocaeli: Turkcell's data center in Gebze was raided by soldiers who participated in the coup attempt. Soldiers who tried to interrupt the internet service were detained.Darbeciler Turkcell'in Gebze'deki merkezini basmış! https://www.milliyet.com.tr/ekonomi/darbeciler-turkcellin-gebzedeki-merkezini-basmis-2280151 23 April 2022 Milliyet 19 July 2016 tr Malatya: A rebellious soldier opened fire inside a base of the Turkish 2nd Army, damaging six vehicles. The base was besieged by police and loyal soldiers, and the shooter was captured."Malatya'daki askeri üs polis tarafından kuşatıldı; silah sesleri geliyor" https://t24.com.tr/haber/malatyadaki-askeri-us-polis-tarafindan-kusatildi-silah-sesleri-geliyor,350231 23 April 2022 T24 16 July 2016 TurkishMalatya'da darbeye katılmayan askerler kollarına flama taktı https://t24.com.tr/haber/malatyada-darbeye-katilmayan-askerler-kollarina-flama-takti,350291 23 April 2022 T24 16 July 2016 Turkish Marmaris: Three military helicopters carried out a bomb attack on the hotel where Erdoğan was staying. Forty rebellious soldiers of the Special Forces Command clashed with the police in the region.Erdoğan ayrıldıktan sonra Marmaris'te kaldığı otele helikopterden ateş açıldı, 2 polis şehit oldu https://t24.com.tr/haber/aa-erdogan-ayrildiktan-sonra-marmariste-kaldigi-otele-helikopterden-ates-acildi-5-polis-yaralandi,350230 23 April 2022 T24 16 July 2016 Turkish40 bordo bereli ile suikast girişimi https://www.aksam.com.tr/guncel/40-bordo-bereli-ile-suikast-girisimi/haber-533879 23 April 2022 aksam.com.tr 17 July 2016 tr Mersin: Mersin Garrison and Mediterranean Region Commander Admiral Nejat Atilla Demirhan called Mersin Provincial Police Deputy Chief Yakup Usta and Gendarmerie Colonel Mustafa Bakçepınar and stated that the Turkish Armed Forces had taken over the administration. He introduced himself as the martial law garrison commander and ordered Mersin Governor Özdemir Çakacak and district governors to be taken into custody. Demirhan and Dağdelen, who made the same announcement with the police radio obtained from Mersin Police Department, were detained through the operation of the security forces.Akdeniz Bölge Komutanı gözaltına alındı https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/gundem/akdeniz-bolge-komutani-gozaltina-alindi-40148942 23 April 2022 www.hurriyet.com.tr 16 July 2016 trGözaltına alınan Tuğamiral Demirhan'a telsiz veren Eski Emniyet Müdürü böyle görüntülendi https://t24.com.tr/haber/gozaltina-alinan-tugamiral-demirhana-telsiz-veren-eski-emniyet-muduru-boyle-goruntulendi,350275 23 April 2022 T24 16 July 2016 Turkish Sakarya: Sakarya Governorship was captured with armored personnel carriers, military trucks and many military jeeps from the military unit in the Kandıra district of Kocaeli. As a reinforcement, two military vehicles full of soldiers from the Sakarya central division command had to return to their barracks in the face of the resistance of the police and the harsh reaction of the people who took to the streets against the putschists. The vehicles occupying the Sakarya Governorate were seized by the citizens and the soldiers in them were neutralized and handed over to the security forces. Afterwards, citizens and security forces entered the governor's office and neutralized the soldiers there and suppressed the uprising in the province. Eight civilian citizens were injured as a result of the fire opened by the military during the incident.Toplanan grup Sakarya Valiliği'ni basan askerleri dışarı çıkardı: 8 yaralı https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/yerel-haberler/sakarya/toplanan-grup-sakarya-valiligini-basan-askerleri-disari-cikardi-8-yarali-37309689 23 April 2022 Hürriyet 16 July 2016 tr Şırnak: Çakırsöğüt Gendarmerie Commando Brigadier General Ali Osman Gürcan and 309 soldiers, that participated in the coup attempt, were detained by the security forces.Şırnak'ta 309 asker darbe teşebbüsü nedeniyle gözaltına alındı https://t24.com.tr/haber/sirnakta-309-asker-darbe-tesebbusu-nedeniyle-gozaltina-alindi,350295 23 April 2022 T24 16 July 2016 Turkish Government response and conflict thumb|upright|Prime Minister Binali Yıldırım upright|thumb|President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Turkey's Prime Minister Binali Yıldırım responded to the events by stating that an "illegal action is taking place outside of the chain of command". He also said that "the government elected by the people remains in charge and this government will only go when the people say so."Arango Tim Yeginsu Ceylan Turkish President Returns to Istanbul in Sign Military Coup Is Faltering https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/16/world/europe/military-attempts-coup-in-turkey-prime-minister-says.html 24 February 2024 The New York Times 15 July 2016 The Turkish Presidential office said President Erdoğan was on holiday inside Turkey and condemned the coup attempt as an attack on democracy. A presidential source also said Erdoğan and his government were still in power. The first messages from Erdoğan were transmitted at around 00:23Erdoğan Marmaris'ten ayrıldı, kaldığı otel bombalandı http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/yerel-haberler/mugla-haberleri/erdogan-marmaris-ten-ayrildi-kaldigi-otel-bomb_310005/ Hürriyet Daily News 16 July 2016 16 July 2016 At about 01:00, Erdoğan did a FaceTime interview with CNN Türk, in which he called upon his supporters to take to the streets in defiance of the military-imposed curfew, saying "There is no power higher than the power of the people. Let them do what they will at the public squares and airports."https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2016/jul/15/turkey-coup-attempt-military-gunfire-ankara?page=with:block-57895c1ae4b033b610b6e3fc#block-57895c1ae4b033b610b6e3fc Turkey coup attempt: Erdoğan calls military uprising 'treason' – live updates Rawlinson Kevin Phipps Claire 16 July 2016 The Guardian 16 July 2016 Levin Sam Kingsley Patrick Beaumont Peter Lewis Paul Abdul-Ahad Ghaith Wong Julia Carrie Julia Carrie Wong Yuhas Alan Deputy Prime Minister Numan Kurtulmuş appeared on live television, saying Turkey's ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP) is still in charge of the government. The mayor of Ankara, Melih Gökçek of the AKP, encouraged people to go out to the city's streets in defiance, despite a curfew imposed by the military. Erdoğan's plane took off from Dalaman Airport near Marmaris at 23:47, but had to wait in the air south of Atatürk for the airport to be secured. His plane landed at 02:50Erdoğan'ın uçağı Atatürk Havalimanı'na indi 16 July 2016 http://www.sozcu.com.tr/2016/gundem/erdoganin-ucagi-havada-bekliyor-1316379/ Sözcü 16 July 2016 The First Army General Command in Istanbul stated in a news conference that the TSK did not support the coup and the perpetrators represented a tiny faction that were on the verge of being brought under control.http://www.haber7.com/ic-politika/haber/2046645-1-ordu-komutanindan-aciklama 1. Ordu Komutanı'ndan açıklama! haber7.com tr Explanation from the commander of the 1st Army! 16 July 2016 15 July 2016 Istanbul Atatürk Airport was closed; all flights from the airport were cancelled.https://www.reuters.com/article/us-turkey-security-airport-flights-idUSKCN0ZV2K1?mod=related&channelName=worldNews All flights from Istanbul's Ataturk airport canceled: Reuters witness Reuters There was an explosion in the TRT broadcasting headquarters and gunfire was reported in Ankara. Soon after, it was stormed by a crowd of civilians and police, with four soldiers inside reportedly being "neutralized". The channel went back on air and Karaş, who had previously announced the coup, said live that she had been held hostage and forced to read the declaration of the coup at gunpoint.Kalkışma girişimindeki askerler TRT'de korsan bildiri okuttu 16 July 2016 http://www.haberturk.com/gundem/haber/1267349-kalkisma-girisimindeki-askerler-trtde-korsan-bildiri-okuttu Habertürk 16 July 2016 By 01:00, it was reported that the military had pulled its forces from the Atatürk airport and people were coming inside, but by 01:13, it was reported that tanks were inside the airport and gunfire was heard. Tanks opened fire near the Turkish Parliament Building. The parliamentary building was also hit from the air.FOX HABER FOXhaber 754110243068600320 15 July 2016 Ankara'da TBMM yine ateş altında.. TMMM'ne yine hava saldırısı oldu. Gelişmeler canlı yayınla FOX Haber'de.https://news.sky.com/story/live-turkish-army-says-taken-power-over-country-10503062 LIVE: Coup Crumbles Leaving '161 Dead' Sky News Injuries were reported among protesters following gunfire on Bosphorus Bridge.Ömer Çelik omerrcelik 754139536389771264 15 July 2016 Bugün YÜCE MECLİS'e saldıranlar hainlere ders verme günüdür.. A helicopter belonging to the pro-coup forces was shot down by a Turkish military F-16 fighter jet.https://www.cnn.com/2016/07/15/world/live-blog-turkey/index.html Live updates: Turkey military coup attempt Lauren Said-Moorhouse Madison Park Katie Hunt Ralph Ellis 15 July 2016 CNN There were also reports of pro-state jets flying over Ankara to "neutralize" helicopters used by those behind the coup. At 03:08, a military helicopter opened fire on the Turkish parliament. At 03:10, Turkish Armed Forces stated on their website that they had complete control over the country.http://www.tsk.tr/BasinFaaliyetleri/BA_188 Türk Silahlı Kuvvetleri Genelkurmay Başkanlığı tr 16 July 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160716003423/http://www.tsk.tr/BasinFaaliyetleri/BA_188 16 July 2016 dead At 03:12, Yıldırım made a statement saying that the situation was under control and that a no-fly zone was declared over Ankara and that military planes that still flew would be shot down.Başbakan Yıldırım: Ankara semalarında uçuş yapan her türlü uçak füzeyle düşürülecektir! http://haber.star.com.tr/guncel/binali-yildirim--ankara-semalarinda-ucus-yapan-her-turlu-ucak-fuzeyle-dusurulecektir/haber-1125727 Star 16 July 2016 16 July 2016 tr It was reported that the Turkish parliament had been bombed again at 03:23 and 03:33.https://www.nytimes.com/live/turkey-coup-erdogan/bomb-at-parliament-leaves-12-dead/ Bomb at Parliament Kills 12, CNN Turk Reports The New York Times 15 July 2016 15 July 2016 A helicopter belonging to the pro-coup forces was also seen flying by it. Half an hour following the report of 12 deaths and 2 injuries in the parliament, soldiers entered CNN Türk's headquarters and forced the studio to go off air. After an hour of interruption by the pro-coup soldiers, CNN Türk resumed its broadcast.http://www.teletrader.com/cnn-turk-resumes-program/news/details/35222938?ts=1468636800842 CNN Turk resumes program 15 July 2016 Teletrader 15 July 2016 Later, İsmail Kahraman said a bomb exploded at a corner of the public relations building inside the parliament, with no deaths but several injuries among police officers. At around 04:00 two or three helicopters attacked Erdoğan's hotel.Kinney Drew H. 2016 Civilian Actors in the Turkish Military Drama of July 2016 http://www.emgr.unic.ac.cy/wp-content/uploads/EMPN_10.pdf https://web.archive.org/web/20171011081541/http://www.emgr.unic.ac.cy/wp-content/uploads/EMPN_10.pdf dead 2017-10-11 Eastern Mediterranean Policy Note 10 1–10 According to eyewitness accounts, ten to fifteen heavily armed men landed and started firing. In the ensuing conflict, two policemen were killed and 8 were injured.Marmaris'te Erdoğan'ın oteli vuruldu! 16 July 2016 http://www.milliyet.com.tr/marmaris-te-helikopterden-ates-gundem-2278703/ Milliyet 16 July 2016Marmaris'te Cumhurbaşkanı'nın Kaldığı Oteldeki Çatışmalar Sabaha Kadar Sürdü http://www.haberler.com/marmaris-te-cumhurbaskani-nin-kaldigi-oteldeki-8613959-haberi/ Haberler 16 July 2016 16 July 2016 19 July 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160719020847/http://www.haberler.com/marmaris-te-cumhurbaskani-nin-kaldigi-oteldeki-8613959-haberi dead The Doğan News Agency reported that in Istanbul several individuals were injured after soldiers fired on a group of people attempting to cross the Bosphorus Bridge in protest of the attempted coup.Suzan Fraser Dominique Soguel http://bigstory.ap.org/article/c33756424b73481db0655f4c3aed480f/turkish-military-attempted-coup-prime-minister-says Turkish officials say coup attempt appears to have failed Associated Press 15 July 2016 13 September 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20180913120239/http://berkmancenter_webfeeds:@Pwf$97257@bigstory.ap.org/article/c33756424b73481db0655f4c3aed480f/turkish-military-attempted-coup-prime-minister-says dead Shift in control of theatre of operations Soldiers' escape to Greece in helicopter On Saturday 16 July 2016, at 00:42 EEST (UTC+3), a Turkish Black Hawk helicopter sent a distress signal and requested permission from Greek authorities for an emergency landing, and landed eight minutes later (00:50) at the Dimokritos airport in Alexandroupoli, in Greece,http://www.naftemporiki.gr/story/1128802/anakoinosi-tis-ypa-gia-tin-prosgeiosi-tou-tourkikou-elikopterou-stin-aleksandroupoli Ανακοίνωση της ΥΠΑ για την προσγείωση του τουρκικού ελικοπτέρου στην Αλεξανδρούπολη naftemporiki while two Greek F-16s observed the procedure and escorted it to the airport.http://www.skai.gr/news/greece/article/320559/tourkiko-elikoptero-me-8-atoma-prosgeiothike-stin-alexandroupoli-tin-amesi-ekdosi-tus-zitise-o-tsavusoglu-video/ Τουρκικό ελικόπτερο με 8 άτομα προσγειώθηκε στην Αλεξανδρούπολη – Την άμεση έκδοσή τους ζήτησε ο Τσαβούσογλου (Video) skai 16 July 2016 19 July 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160719140754/http://www.skai.gr/news/greece/article/320559/tourkiko-elikoptero-me-8-atoma-prosgeiothike-stin-alexandroupoli-tin-amesi-ekdosi-tus-zitise-o-tsavusoglu-video dead The first reports said that the passengers were seven military personnel and a civilian. Later, it turned out that all were military personnel (two majors, four captains and two non-commissioned officershttp://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/Default.aspx?pageID=238&nID=104860&NewsCatID=351 Greece rejects seven Turkish coup plotter soldiers' asylum application – EUROPE 12 October 2016 1 November 2016). They had removed the badges and insignia from their uniforms, making it impossible to know their rank.http://www.skai.gr/news/politics/article/320567/gerovasili-tha-epistrafei-to-tahutero-to-elikoptero-tha-exetastoun-oi-aitiseis-asulou-/ Γεροβασίλη: Θα επιστραφεί το ταχύτερο το ελικόπτερο – Θα εξεταστούν οι αιτήσεις ασύλου skai 16 July 2016 19 July 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160719141046/http://www.skai.gr/news/politics/article/320567/gerovasili-tha-epistrafei-to-tahutero-to-elikoptero-tha-exetastoun-oi-aitiseis-asulou- dead https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/turkey-coup-turkish-military-helicopter-greece-soldiers-requests-asylum-lands-troops-latest-a7140431.html https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220501/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/turkey-coup-turkish-military-helicopter-greece-soldiers-requests-asylum-lands-troops-latest-a7140431.html 1 May 2022 subscription live Turkey coup: Turkish military helicopter lands in Greece and crew requests asylum Independent All were arrested after landing for illegal entry into the country. They were transferred to the local police station, while the Greek authorities at the airport guarded the helicopter. The eight passengers all requested political asylum in Greece as they believed they would not get a fair trial in Turkey. On 21 September 2016, Greece denied three out of the eight asylum. The men's lawyer Stavroula Tomara said they would be appealing the decision and said they had the "impression that the decision has been predetermined, and that the interview was conducted just as a formality."http://www.euronews.com/2016/09/21/greece-rejects-three-turkish-soldiers-asylum-requests Greece rejects three Turkish soldiers asylum requests 21 September 2016 1 November 2016 On 11 October 2016, four more of the eight were denied asylum. Two of the men who had previously been denied asylum applied for a re-evaluation but their applications were also rejected. After Erdoğan's arrival in Istanbul vertical 260 Anti-Coup Demokrasi Nöbeti Kızılay Square.jpg Citizens protesting the coup attempt in Kızılay Square, Ankara After coup nightly demonstartion of president Erdogan supporters. Istanbul, Turkey, Eastern Europe and Western Asia. 22 July,2016.jpg After coup nightly demonstration of president Erdoğan supporters, Istanbul After Erdoğan flew into Istanbul, he made a televised speech inside the airport at around 04:00, whilst thousands gathered outside. He addressed a crowd of supporters in the airport, at about 06:30 He said, "In Turkey, armed forces are not governing the state or leading the state. They cannot." He blamed "those in Pennsylvania" (a reference to Fethullah Gülen, who lived in Saylorsburg, Pennsylvania, and his Hizmet Movement) for the coup attempt.https://www.theatlantic.com/news/archive/2016/07/turkey-government/491579/ What's Going on in Turkey? Yasmeen Serhan Krishnadev Calamur Matt Vasilogambros J. Weston Phippen David A. Graham The Atlantic 15 July 2016http://qz.com/733802/a-reclusive-religious-scholar-in-pennsylvania-may-be-behind-the-attempted-coup-in-turkey/ A reclusive religious scholar in Pennsylvania may be behind the attempted coup in Turkey LeVine Steve 15 July 2016 qz.com 15 July 2016http://www.haber10.com/guncel/paralel_den_darbe_girisimi-642660 Paralel'den darbe girişimi! Haber10 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20160715223310/http://www.haber10.com/guncel/paralel_den_darbe_girisimi-642660 15 July 2016 Erdoğan also said he had plans to "clean up" the army, saying that "This uprising is a gift from God to us.""Turkish forces try to crush last remnants of coup after Erdoğan returns". Reuters. 16 July 2016. State-run Anadolu Agency named former Colonel Muharrem Köse, who in March 2016 was dishonorably discharged for reported association with Gülen, as the suspected leader of the coup.http://www.wvva.com/story/32457106/the-latest-turkish-news-agency-names-coup-suspects The Latest: Parliament speaker says lawmakers safe Associated Press 15 July 2016 WVVA dead https://archive.today/20160716091450/http://www.wvva.com/story/32457106/the-latest-turkish-news-agency-names-coup-suspects 16 July 2016 However, the Alliance for Shared Values, a non-profit organization associated with Gülen, released a statement reiterating that it condemns any military intervention in domestic politics, and saying Erdoğan's allegations against the movement were "highly irresponsible".http://afsv.org/statement-by-alliance-for-shared-values-on-developments-in-turkey-2/ Statement by Alliance for Shared Values on Developments in Turkey 16 July 2016 Alliance for Shared Values 16 July 2016 6 November 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20161106032930/http://afsv.org/statement-by-alliance-for-shared-values-on-developments-in-turkey-2/ dead Gülen himself said in a brief statement just before midnight: "As someone who suffered under multiple military coups during the past five decades, it is especially insulting to be accused of having any link to such an attempt. I categorically deny such accusations."194 killed in quashed Gülenist coup attempt: Military Hürriyet Daily News http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/204-killed-in-quashed-gulenist-coup-attempt-military.aspx?pageID=238&nid=101669&NewsCatID=341 16 July 2016 16 July 2016 Reuters reported that in early hours of 16 July, the coup appeared to have "crumbled" as crowds defied pro-coup military orders and gathered in major squares of Istanbul and Ankara to oppose it.https://www.reuters.com/article/us-turkey-security-primeminister-idUSKCN0ZV2HK Turkish coup bid crumbles as crowds answer call to streets, Erdoğan returns 16 July 2016 16 July 2016 Reuters Reuters also reported pro-coup soldiers surrendering to the police in Taksim Square, Istanbul. It was reported that by 05:18, Atatürk airport had completely been recaptured by the government whilst the police had surrounded the coupists inside the Turkish army headquarters, calling for them to surrender. Between 06:00–08:00 a skirmish took place there. In Akar's absence, Ümit Dündar, head of the First Army, was appointed Acting Chief of Staff. In the early hours of the morning of 16 July, soldiers blocking the Bosphorus Bridge surrendered to the police.https://edition.cnn.com/videos/world/2016/07/16/turkey-coup-military-soldiers-hands-up-bosphorus-bridge-ctn.cnn Turkish soldiers walk with hands up 16 July 2016 CNN 16 July 2016 According to the government-run Anadolu Agency, this consisted of a group of 50 soldiers. Some of these soldiers were lynched by civilians despite the police's efforts, who fired into the air to protect the surrendering soldiers.http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/07/turkey-coup-attempt-angry-mobs-attack-troops-160716072445461.html Turkey: Crowds attack troops after coup attempt 16 July 2016 Meanwhile, in the headquarters of the Turkish Army, 700 unarmed soldiers surrendered as the police conducted an operation into the building while 150 armed soldiers were kept inside by the police.Köprüdeki askerler teslim oldu http://www.ntv.com.tr/turkiye/koprudeki-askerler-teslim-oldu,TYCKvbwXcU6Tx-giUhoFpQ?_ref=infinite NTV 16 July 2016 The coupists in the TRT building in Istanbul surrendered in the early morning as well.TRT binasını işgal edenler teslim oldu http://www.cnnturk.com/turkiye/trt-binasini-isgal-edenler-teslim-oldu CNN Türk 16 July 2016 Chief of Staff Akar, held hostage at the Akıncı Air Base in Ankara, was also rescued by pro-state forces.16 July 2016 Turkey's Chief of Staff Hulusi Akar rescued from pro-coup soldiers http://www.dailysabah.com/politics/2016/07/16/turkeys-chief-of-staff-hulusi-akar-rescued-from-pro-coup-soldiers Daily Sabah Istanbul 16 July 2016 Reasons for failure One of the primary reasons that the coup failed was chaos among the plotters' ranks. Turkey's National Intelligence Organization (MİT) head Hakan Fidan discovered the coup plot after a report from a major at Army Aviation Command, and the plotters were forced to execute the coup five hours ahead of schedule. One of the main organizers, General Semih Terzi, was shot dead by loyalist Sgt. Maj. Ömer Halisdemir at the onset, demoralizing and disrupting command and control of the rebels. These two incidents resulted in the coup being carried out in an uncoordinated manner.How They Blew The Coup http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2016/07/turkey-coup-attempt-intelligence-agency-thwart.html 25 July 2016 Al-Monitor dead https://web.archive.org/web/20160724195008/http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2016/07/turkey-coup-attempt-intelligence-agency-thwart.html 24 July 2016 The highest ranking staff officers opposed the coup, and publicly ordered all personnel to return to their barracks.Beauchamp Zach Why Turkey's Coup Failed, according to an expert https://www.vox.com/2016/7/16/12205352/turkey-coup-failed-why Vox 17 July 2016 16 July 2016 Acting outside the military chain of command, the rebels lacked the coordination and resources to achieve their goals. The conscripted soldiers that the rebels mobilized were uninformed of their mission's true purpose and became demoralized. Many surrendered rather than shoot demonstrators.Toksabey Ece Taylor Paul Turkey's Bungled Putsch: A Strange 20th Century Coup https://www.reuters.com/article/us-turkey-security-coup-analysis-idUSKCN0ZW0V0 Reuters 18 July 2016 The commander of the First Army in Istanbul, General Ümit Dündar, personally called Erdoğan to warn him of the plot, persuading him to evacuate his hotel ahead of the plotters, and helped to secure Istanbul for Erdoğan to land.Gurcan Mehdi Why Turkey's coup didn't stand a chance http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2016/07/turkey-kamikaze-coup-attempt-fails.html Al-Monitor 19 July 2016 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20160719142125/http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2016/07/turkey-kamikaze-coup-attempt-fails.html 19 July 2016 17 July 2016 The MİT also mobilized its anti-aircraft guns, which the plotters were unaware existed, deterring rebel jets and commando teams. Equally important to the coup's failure, according to military strategist Edward N. Luttwak, was the inability of the rebels to neutralize Erdoğan and other high ranking government officials, either by killing or detaining them.Luttwak Edward Why Turkey's Coup D'Etat Failed: And Why Erdoğan's Craven Excesses Made it Inevitable https://foreignpolicy.com/2016/07/16/why-turkeys-coup-detat-failed-erdogan/ Foreign Policy 16 July 2016 18 July 2016 A unit of special forces was sent via helicopter to kill or capture the president, but missed because he had been evacuated by his security detail just minutes before. Once Erdoğan landed at Atatürk International Airport (which had been recaptured from the rebels by his supporters), it became highly unlikely that the coup attempt would succeed.Nissenbaum Dion Entous Adam Peker Emry Turkish President Foiled Coup With Luck, Tech Savvy https://www.wsj.com/articles/coup-plotters-targeted-turkish-president-with-daring-helicopter-raid-1468786991 The Wall Street Journal 18 July 2016 18 July 2016 According to a military source, several rebel F-16s targeted Erdoğan's presidential jet en route to Istanbul, but they did not fire.https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/turkey-coup-attempt-rebel-jets-had-erdogans-plane-in-their-sights-but-did-not-fire-a7142116.html https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220501/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/turkey-coup-attempt-rebel-jets-had-erdogans-plane-in-their-sights-but-did-not-fire-a7142116.html 1 May 2022 subscription live Turkish rebel jets had Erdoğan's plane in sights during coup but did not fire 18 July 2016 A senior Turkish counter-terrorism official later statedhttps://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jul/18/military-coup-was-well-planned-and-very-nearly-succeeded-say-turkish-officials Military coup was well planned and very nearly succeeded, say Turkish officials 19 July 2016 The Guardian 19 July 2016 that the jets did not fire because the fighter jet pilots were told by President Erdoğan's pilot over the radio that the (flight of the) Gulfstream IVhttps://www.reuters.com/article/us-turkey-security-plot-insight-idUSKCN0ZX0Q9 At height of Turkish coup bid, rebel jets had Erdoğan's plane in their sights 18 July 2016 Reuters 20 July 2016 was a Turkish Airlines flight. According to Naunihal Singh, author of Seizing Power, the coup attempt also failed because the plotters failed to secure control of the media and shape the narrative. Successful coups require that the rebels control the mass media. This allows even small rebel contingents to portray themselves as fully in control, and their victory as inevitable. Consequently, they convince the public, along with neutral and even loyalist soldiers, to defect to them or not resist. The rebels failed to properly broadcast their messages effectively across the media that they controlled. They failed to capture Türksat, Turkey's main cable and satellite communications company, and failed to gain control of the country's television and mobile phone networks. This allowed Erdoğan to make his FaceTime call, and to speak on television. Other scholars of civil-military relations, like Drew H. Kinney, have said reports like Luttwak and Singh's miss the point of their own analysis: civil resistance thwarted the coup. Luttwak argues that wayward elements of the Turkish armed forces could not silence Erdoğan. Singh says that the rebels could not project success because they could not control the message. Kinney states that neither of these reasons on their own matter, but rather it is their effect—civil disobedience—that is important. We might find that "[Gülen's movement] ... [might] have had nothing to do with the attempted takeover in July, but civilians [nevertheless] definitely played a role in thwarting the coup," writes Kinney. "... [A]n unhappy civilian populace mobilized to face down the military." Erdoğan was not censored (Luttwak's point) and was therefore able to use FaceTime to mobilize resistance, which in turn hindered the conspirators' ability to project success (Singh's point). The result is civilian resistance to soldiers, i.e., people power. The reason Singh, Luttwak, and other scholars of civil-military relations miss this is, according to Kinney, because they "usually do not study extra-military reasons for coup failures/successes," but rather put a premium on "the inner-workings of the [military] operation." In short, they blame the military for its failure rather than acknowledge the power of the masses and their successes.Kinney Drew Holland 2016 Civilian Actors in the Turkish Military Drama of July 2016 http://www.emgr.unic.ac.cy/wp-content/uploads/EMPN_10.pdf https://web.archive.org/web/20171011081541/http://www.emgr.unic.ac.cy/wp-content/uploads/EMPN_10.pdf dead 2017-10-11 Eastern Mediterranean Policy Note 10 4 Pro-state forces sent text messages to every Turkish citizen calling for them to protest against the coup attempt. Throughout the night sela prayers were repeatedly called from mosque minarets across the country to encourage people to resist the coup plotters.http://www.news1130.com/2016/07/17/turkey-pray-for-dead-coup/ Turkey's 85,000 mosques pray for dead in coup 17 July 2016 25 August 2016https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/latest-turkey-cracks-alleged-coup-plotters-40644190 The Latest: More Police Arrive in Istanbul After Coup Bid ABC News While the sela is usually called from minarets to inform the public of a funeral, they are also traditionally performed to notify of a significant event, in this case "to rally people".http://www.haberturk.com/yazarlar/murat-bardakci/1269057-sela Selâ 20 July 2016 25 August 2016 The coup plotters initiated their operation hours ahead of the planned time when they understood that their plans had been compromised.Western, Arab Media Confirm FNA's Last Month Report on Russian Alert to Erdogan about Turkish Coup https://www.farsnews.ir/en/news/13950523000658/Wesern-Arab-Media-Cnfirm-FNA39-s-Las-Mnh-Repr-n-Rssian-Aler-Erdgan 12 June 2023 Fars News Agency Had the coup been launched at its original time, the middle of the night, much of the population would have been asleep. The streets would have been mostly empty.Metin Gurcan What went wrong with Turkey's WhatsApp Coup http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2016/07/turkey-coup-attempt-basic-cause-was-premature-birth.html Al-Monitor 25 July 2016 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20160724192352/http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2016/07/turkey-coup-attempt-basic-cause-was-premature-birth.html 24 July 2016 19 July 2016 Reports have emerged, neither confirmed nor denied by Russia or Turkey that the Russian Main Intelligence Directorate intercepted signals on an imminent coup passed on to loyal Turkish operatives. The intercepted plans revealed several helicopters with commandos were on the way to Marmaris's coastal resort, where Erdoğan stayed, capturing or killing him. Pre-warned, Erdoğan left quickly to avoid them.http://themoscowtimes.com/news/russia-warned-turkey-about-imminent-coup-54674 Russia Warned Turkish Government About Imminent Coup – Reports The Moscow Times 21 July 2016https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/erdogan-putin-turkey-russia-meeting-after-failed-coup-isis-syria-what-future-holds-a7180551.html https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220501/https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/erdogan-putin-turkey-russia-meeting-after-failed-coup-isis-syria-what-future-holds-a7180551.html 1 May 2022 subscription live Robert Fisk: How Erdoğan's meeting with Putin will tell us Syria's future 9 August 2016 14 August 2016https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/eleven-turkish-coup-commanders-arrested-hiding-woods/ Eleven Turkish coup commanders arrested after hiding in woods 1 August 2016 2 August 2016 6 August 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160806171916/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/eleven-turkish-coup-commanders-arrested-hiding-woods/ dead https://www.newsweek.com/erdogan-putin-love-485039 Erdogan and Putin: Strongmen in love 28 July 2016 Newsweek Aftermath Arrests and purges Purges in Turkey following the 2016 Turkish coup attempt thumb|190px|General Akın Öztürk, former Commander of the Turkish Air Force, was reported as being the leader of the coup attempt. An extensive purge of the Turkish civil service began in the wake of the coup attempt, with President Erdoğan warning his opponents that "they will pay a heavy price for this." The New York Times along with some other Western media such as The Economist,After the coup, the counter-coup, 23 July 2016, The Economisthttps://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/17/world/europe/turkey-erdogan-gulen-purge.html Turks See Purge as Witch Hunt of 'Medieval' Darkness The New York Times 16 September 2016 described the purges as a "counter-coup", with the Times expecting the president to "become more vengeful and obsessed with control than ever, exploiting the crisis not just to punish mutinous soldiers but to further quash whatever dissent is left in Turkey,". As of 20 July 2016, the purge already had seen over 45,000 military officials, police officers, judges, governors and civil servants arrested or suspended, including 2,700 judges, 15,000 teachers, and every university dean in the country.Morris Loveday Turkey suspends more than 15,000 education workers in widening purge The Washington Post 19 July 2016 https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/turkey-jails-generals-as-post-coup-purge-widens/2016/07/19/db076c84-4d1f-11e6-bf27-405106836f96_story.html 19 July 2016 163 generals and admirals were detained, around 45% of the Turkish military's total.http://www.jerusalemonline.com/news/world-news/around-the-globe/analysis-uncanny-parallels-between-iranian-revolution-and-erdogans-latest-purges-22547 Analysis: Uncanny parallels between Iranian Revolution and Erdoğan's latest purges 24 July 2016 Jerusalem Online 5 October 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20161014213306/http://www.jerusalemonline.com/news/world-news/around-the-globe/analysis-uncanny-parallels-between-iranian-revolution-and-erdogans-latest-purges-22547 14 October 2016 dead On 18 July 2016, United States State Secretary John Kerry urged Turkish authorities to halt the increasing crackdown on its citizens, indicating that the crackdown was meant to "suppress dissent." French Foreign Minister Jean-Marc Ayrault voiced concern, warning against a "political system which turns away from democracy" in response to the purges.Robinson Duncan Srivastava Mehul 18 July 2016 US and EU leaders warn Turkey's Erdoğan over post-coup crackdown https://www.ft.com/content/b82ef35a-4cc3-11e6-88c5-db83e98a590a Financial Times 18 July 2016 thumb|Exodus, an award winning movie focusing on the stories of a group of people forced to flee Turkey to seek asylum in Europe post 2016 coup attempt.SCF 2025-07-09 YouTube blocks trailers of film telling stories of asylum seekers fleeing Turkey after gov't complaint https://stockholmcf.org/youtube-blocks-trailers-of-film-telling-stories-of-asylum-seekers-fleeing-turkey-after-govt-complaint/ 2025-11-16 Stockholm Center for Freedom en-US On 17 August 2016, Turkey started releasing what was expected to eventually amount to about 38,000 prison inmates, to make more space in the penal system for detainees, numbering about 35,000, who were arrested or detained after being involved in or suspected of association, with the 2016 failed coup.https://www.smh.com.au/world/turkey-to-release-38000-prisoners-to-make-room-for-more-postcoup-detainees-20160817-gqv4da.html Turkey to release 38,000 prisoners to make room for more post-coup detainees Erin Cunningham 17 August 2016 25 August 2016http://www.nzherald.co.nz/world/news/article.cfm?c_id=2&objectid=11695903 Turkey to release 38,000 from jail; frees space for plotters 18 August 2016 25 August 2016 New Zealand Herald On 28 September 2016, Turkish justice minister Bekir Bozdağ said 70,000 people had been processed and 32,000 were formally arrested.http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/09/turkey-32000-jailed-links-group-coup-160928090832760.html Turkey: 32,000 jailed for links to group 'behind' coup 28 September 2016 Al Jazeera In July 2024 Turkish government stated over 750,000 citizens were investigated related to "FETO" terrorism,SCF 2025-01-13 Turkey's Crackdown on the Gülen movement: 2024 in Review https://stockholmcf.org/turkeys-crackdown-on-the-gulen-movement-2024-in-review/ 2025-09-07 Stockholm Center for Freedom en-US this number is much higher according to non-government sources, as much as 1,576,000 2021-11-27 Bir milyon 576 bin kişi, "terör örgütü üyeliğinden" soruşturma geçirdi… Muhaliflere "terörist" damgası mı vuruluyor? https://www.indyturk.com/node/440846/haber/bir-milyon-576-bin-ki%C5%9Fi-ter%C3%B6r-%C3%B6rg%C3%BCt%C3%BC-%C3%BCyeli%C4%9Finden-soru%C5%9Fturma-ge%C3%A7irdi%E2%80%A6-muhaliflere 2025-09-07 Independent Türkçe tr Major General Cahit Bakir, who commanded Turkish forces under NATO in Afghanistan, and Brigadier General Sener Topuc, responsible for education and aid in Afghanistan, were detained by authorities in Dubai connected with the failed coup.https://www.reuters.com/article/us-turkey-security-generals-idUSKCN1060PM Two Afghan-based Turkish generals detained in Dubai after failed coup: CNN Turk Reuters 26 July 2016 General Akın Öztürk, former Commander of the Turkish Air Force, was the Turkish military attaché to Israel. He was arrested on charges of having played a leading role in the failed coup.https://www.haaretz.com/middle-east-news/turkey/1.731349 https://web.archive.org/web/20160716172947/http://www.haaretz.com/middle-east-news/turkey/1.731349 dead 16 July 2016 Suspected Turkey Coup Leader Served as Military Attaché to Israel Haaretz 17 July 2016 16 July 2016 Öztürk has denied the charges. On the general assembly of 26–30 August 2024, The UN Human Rights Council's Working Group on Arbitrary Detention found that Öztürk was denied a fair trial, subjected to mistreatment and convicted based on flawed proceedings.2025-02-12 UN panel calls for immediate release of former general, serving life sentence over alleged role in 2016 coup attempt https://www.turkishminute.com/2025/02/12/un-panel-call-for-immediate-release-former-general-serving-life-sentence-over-alleged-role-in-2016-coup-attempt/ 2025-02-27 Turkish Minute en-US The panel has called on the Turkish government to immediately release Öztürk and provide him with compensation and other reparation, in accordance with international law. General Adem Huduti, the commander of the Second Army, positioned along the southern borders with Syria and Iraq, and General Erdal Öztürk, the commander of the 3rd Corps, were also arrested."Suspected Turkey Coup Leader Served as Military Attaché to Israel". Haaretz. 16 July 2016. Rear Admiral Mustafa Zeki Ugurlu, who had been stationed at NATO's Allied Command Transformation in Norfolk, Virginia, sought asylum in the United States after being recalled by the Turkish government."Is Turkey abandoning NATO or vice versa? https://web.archive.org/web/20161006050444/http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2016/08/turkey-nato-membership-shackling.html 6 October 2016 ". Al-Monitor. 18 August 2016. In July 2018, Istanbul's 25th Criminal Court sentenced 72 former soldiers involved in the coup attempt to life in prison.https://www.trtworld.com/turkey/court-sentences-72-former-soldiers-to-life-in-jail-for-2016-turkey-coup-bid-18866 Court sentences 72 former soldiers to life in jail for 2016 Turkey coup bid Court sentences 72 former soldiers to life in jail for 2016 Turkey coup bid tr-TR 13 July 2018https://www.reuters.com/article/us-turkey-security-trial/turkish-court-sentences-72-defendants-to-life-in-coup-bridge-trial-idUSKBN1K20WE Turkish court sentences 72 defendants to life in coup bridge trial Reuters 13 July 2018 On 20 June 2019, a terrorism court in Turkey sentenced 151 people to life in prison, including General Akın Öztürk, former commander of Turkish Air Force and the most senior officer involved in the coup. 128 people received "aggravated life" sentences, which indicates harsh conditions without parole, for their role in the coup, with another 23 receiving standard life sentences.https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/20/world/europe/turkey-coup-2016-trial-life-sentences.html Turkey Jails 151 for Life for Roles in Failed 2016 Coup Gall Carlotta 20 June 2019 The New York Times 15 October 2019 en-US 0362-4331 Remark by Erdogan about "Gift from God" On 16 July 2016, shortly after the coup attempt was suppressed, President Erdoğan described the failed putsch as a "gift from God" (tr Tanrı’dan bir hediye).Pierini Marc 30 January 2017 Turkey's Gift From God https://carnegieendowment.org/europe/strategic-europe/2017/01/turkeys-gift-from-god?lang=en Carnegie Endowment for International Peace 2 January 2026 https://web.archive.org/web/20240520120000/https://carnegieendowment.org/europe/strategic-europe/2017/01/turkeys-gift-from-god?lang=en 20 May 2024 live The remark received extensive international media coverage and was widely interpreted by commentators and scholars as a signal of the government's intention to restructure state institutions. Critics argued the phrase was used to justify the subsequent nationwide state of emergency and mass purges within the military, judiciary, and civil service. Conversely, supporters maintained the expression reflected relief over the coup's failure and the perceived opportunity to remove Gülenist elements from the state apparatus. Academics have cited the remark in analyses of religious rhetoric and executive power consolidation in post-coup Turkey.Turkey: Journalism is not a crime: Goodbye to freedom of expression in Turkey https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/eur44/6055/2017/en/ Amnesty International 3 May 2017 2 January 2026 https://web.archive.org/web/20170503120000/https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/eur44/6055/2017/en/ 3 May 2017 live Turkish government statements about coup attempt Statements against Fethullah Gülen Fethullah Gülen#Extradition request, U.S.–Turkey tensions thumb|Turkish authorities blamed Fethullah Gülen who condemned the coup attempt and denied any role in it Fethullah Gülen, whom President Erdoğan said as one of the principal conspirators, condemned the coup attempt and denied any role in it. "I condemn, in the strongest terms, the attempted military coup in Turkey," he said in an emailed statement reported by The New York Times. "Government should be won through a process of free and fair elections, not force. I pray to God for Turkey, Turkish citizens, and all those currently in Turkey that this situation is resolved peacefully and quickly. As someone who suffered under multiple military coups during the past five decades, it is especially insulting to be accused of having any link to such an attempt. I categorically deny such accusations." President Erdoğan asked the United States to extradite Gülen: "I call on you again, after there was a coup attempt. Extradite this man in Pennsylvania to Turkey! If we are strategic partners or model partners, do what is necessary."La Porte Amy Watson Ivan Tuysuz Gul 16 July 2016 Who is Fethullah Gülen, the man blamed for coup attempt in Turkey? https://edition.cnn.com/2016/07/16/middleeast/fethullah-gulen-profile/ CNN 16 July 2016 Prime Minister Yildirim has threatened war against any country that would support Gülen.East Kristen 16 July 2016 Turkey accuses US of harboring coup mastermind http://www.politico.eu/article/turkey-accuses-us-of-harboring-coup-mastermind-fetullah-gulen-prime-minister-binali-yildirim/ Politico 16 July 2016 Turkish Labor Minister Süleyman Soylu said that "America is behind the coup."https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2016/07/18/turkey-blames-us-coup-attempt/87260612/ Turkey blames U.S. for coup attempt USA Today 18 July 2016 Regarding the AKP's statement against Gülen, Secretary of State Kerry invited the Turkish government "to present us with any legitimate evidence that withstands scrutiny," before they would accept an extradition request.Bradley Klapper US would consider extradition request for exiled cleric Associated Press http://bigstory.ap.org/fd1bd31fed39440cbf95ffd76a7550bf 16 July 2016 16 July 2016 20 September 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160920064841/http://bigstory.ap.org/fd1bd31fed39440cbf95ffd76a7550bf dead On 15 August 2016, former United States diplomat James Jeffrey, who was the United States ambassador to Turkey from 2008 until 2010 made the following remarks: "The Gülen movement has some infiltration at the least in the military that I am aware of. They of course had extreme infiltration into the police and judiciary earlier. I saw that when I was in Turkey previously, particularly in the Sledgehammer case, Hakan Fidan case, and the corruption cases in 2013. Obviously, significant segment of Turkey's bureaucracy was infiltrated and had their allegiance to a movement. That of course is absolutely unacceptable and extremely dangerous. It likely led to the coup attempt."http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/most-indications-point-to-gulenists-in-failed-coup-attempt-former-us-envoy.aspx?pageID=238&nID=102824&NewsCatID=358 AMERICAS – Most indications point to Gülenists in failed coup attempt: Former US envoy 15 August 2016 25 August 2016http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/hear-what-james-jeffrey-says.aspx?PageID=238&NID=102916&NewsCatID=411 MUSTAFA AKYOL – Hear what James Jeffrey says 16 August 2016 25 August 2016 Outside Turkey, in Beringen, Belgium, anti-coup protesters attempted to attack a building owned by the pro-Gülen movement group 'Vuslat'. The police brought in a water cannon to keep the attackers at bay. In news articles it was stated that the police also protected the houses of Gülen supporters. People advocated on social media to go to Beringen once more, and there was unrest in Heusden-Zolder, elsewhere in Belgium.Erdoğan slaat terug, zelfs tot in België. Turkse president begint heksenjacht op tegenstanders http://www.demorgen.be/buitenland/erdogan-slaat-terug-zelfs-tot-in-belgie-b3a3f482/ 18 July 2016 De Morgen [Sources: MR/JVH] 18 July 2016 Staatsgreep Turkije Furthermore, in Somalia the government ordered "the total closure of all activities" of an organization linked to the Gülen movement, and gave its staff seven days to leave the country.Kasli Shelley 20 July 2016 Fight For Turkey – The Gateway To India http://greatgameindia.com/fight-turkey-gateway-india/ GreatGameIndia Magazine On 2 August 2016, President Erdoğan said Western countries were "supporting terrorism" and the military coup, saying "I'm calling on the United States: what kind of strategic partners are we, that you can still host someone whose extradition I have asked for?"Erdoğan says Turkey's coup script was 'written abroad' Reuters https://www.reuters.com/article/us-turkey-security-idUSKCN10D1NN 2 August 2016 On 31 January 2017, British Minister of State for Europe and the Americas, Alan Duncan said he believed the Gülen movement was responsible for the coup attempt. Duncan went on saying "the organization which incorporated itself into the state tried to topple the democratic structure in Turkey".İngiliz Bakan Duncan'dan FETÖ açıklaması https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/dunya/ingiliz-bakan-duncandan-feto-aciklamasi/738830 5 April 2020 Anadolu Ajansı 31 January 2017 Statements against the U.S. and the West, and U.S. response thumb|General Erdal Öztürk (left), shown here with U.S. Army Gen. Martin E. Dempsey, right, the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, was arrested over his reported involvement. thumb|right|Vice President Joe Biden meets with Turkish President Erdoğan on 24 August 2016 In a speech on 29 July 2016, President Erdoğan said U.S. Central Command chief Joseph Votel was "siding with coup plotters";https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-36925723 Turkey's Erdoğan to drop lawsuits against people who insulted him BBC News 29 July 2016 Erdoğan said the United States was protecting Fethullah Gülen, whom the Turkish government blames for the coup attempt. Turkish Prime Minister Binali Yildirim made similar comments. In response, Votel said that the Turkish government's statements were "unfortunate and completely inaccurate" and expressed concern that the mass arrests and firings of military officers would damage military cooperation between the U.S. and Turkey. Similarly, U.S. Director of National Intelligence James R. Clapper said that the Turkish military purges were impairing the fight against ISIS. On 2 August 2016, in an escalation of tensions with the United States, Erdoğan questioned Turkey's relationship with the United States and criticized the West, saying that "script" for the abortive putsch last month was "written abroad". Erdoğan stated that he had personally asked Obama to extradite Gülen to Turkey.Turkey's leader said the U.S. should extradite Gülen over the coup NBC News 18 August 2016 https://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/turkey-military-coup/turkey-s-erdogan-calls-obama-extradite-u-s-based-fethullah-n633596 25 August 2016 When the U.S. government replied it would need evidence of the cleric's guilt before extradition, to which Erdoğan said: "When you asked for the return of a terrorist, we did not ask for documentation. ... Let us put him on trial."http://www.nzherald.co.nz/world/news/article.cfm?c_id=2&objectid=11696704 The Latest: Erdoğan calls on US not to delay cleric's return 19 August 2016 25 August 2016 New Zealand Herald Yeni Şafak, a Turkish pro-state newspaper, stated that the former commander of NATO forces in Afghanistan, now-retired United States Army General John F. Campbell, was the "mastermind" behind the coup attempt in Turkey.US Commander Campbell: The man behind the failed coup in Turkey http://www.yenisafak.com/en/news/us-commander-campbell-the-man-behind-the-failed-coup-in-turkey-2499245/ Yeni Safak 25 July 2016 Campbell called the statement "absolutely ridiculous" and President Obama said "Any reports that we had any previous knowledge of a coup attempt, that there was any U.S. involvement in it, that we were anything other than entirely supportive of Turkish democracy are completely false, unequivocally false."Nissenbaum Dion Retired U.S. General Dismisses Allegations He Masterminded Turkey Coup https://www.wsj.com/articles/retired-u-s-general-dismisses-allegations-he-masterminded-turkey-coup-1469455731 The Wall Street Journal 25 July 2016 On 1 December 2017, Istanbul Chief Public Prosecutor's office issued an arrest warrant for American political analyst, former CIA official and former vice chairman of the US National Intelligence Council Graham Fuller, stating his involvement in the coup.http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2017-12/01/c_136793871.htm https://web.archive.org/web/20171201153809/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2017-12/01/c_136793871.htm dead 1 December 2017 Turkey issues arrest warrant for former CIA official over failed coup 1 December 2017 Xinhua 3 December 2017 A career US State Department official who was once CIA Station Chief in Kabul and later went on to be a political scientist in the RAND Corporation specializing in the Middle East, Turkish authorities said Fuller attended a meeting in Istanbul on 15 July 2016 involving organization and coordination of the botched coup. Another American among the attendance, as stated by the Turkish prosecutors, was academic Henri Barkey who was named a suspect a week after the failed coup.http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/turkey-issues-arrest-warrant-for-former-cia-official-graham-fuller-over-coup-attempt-123392 Turkey issues arrest warrant for former CIA official Graham Fuller over coup attempt Atilla Toygun 1 December 2017 Hurriyet Daily News 3 December 2017 Incirlik Air Base thumb|Commander of air base Brig. Gen Bekir Ercan Van sought asylum to U.S.|alt=|upright=1.1 The U.S. consulate in Turkey issued an advisory to U.S. citizens to avoid the Incirlik Air Base in southern Turkey, which houses about 50 nuclear bombs,https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/jul/17/turkey-coup-attempt-raises-fears-over-safety-of-us-nuclear-stockpile Turkey coup attempt raises fears over safety of U.S. nuclear stockpile The Daily Telegraph 17 July 2016 until "normal operations have been restored".https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/world-europe-36811357 Turkey coup attempt: Live updates BBC News 15 July 2016 16 July 2016http://turkey.usembassy.gov/sm-071616.html Messages for U.S. Citizens | Ankara, Turkey – Embassy of the United States 16 July 2016 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20160716143657/http://turkey.usembassy.gov/sm-071616.html 16 July 2016 They stated that local authorities were denying access to the air base and that power supplying the air base was shut off. The Incirlik base is important to the U.S.-led effort in Syria to combat ISIL and other militants.http://www.ibtimes.com/us-turkey-allows-coalition-military-forces-use-its-bases-1703571 US: Turkey Allows Coalition Military Forces To Use Its Bases 12 October 2014 12 October 2014 International Business Times Banco Erinhttp://bigstory.ap.org/article/fc357175430e48739a47832cd3006048/us-says-turkey-oks-use-bases-against-militants US says Turkey OKs use of bases against militants 12 October 2014 12 October 2014 Associated Press Baldor Lolita C. Klapper Bradley Nearly 1,500 American personnel are housed in the base.http://www.cnn.com/2016/07/15/asia/turkey-military-action/index.html Turkish government says situation under control Ray Sanchez Sheena McKenzie CNN 16 July 2016 Twenty-four hours after initial reports that the air base was shut down, United States defense department officials confirmed that the base and its airspace had re-opened to military aircraft and that operations by American aircraft will resume.https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/18/world/middleeast/turkey-allows-resumption-of-us-missions-from-incirlik-air-base.html Turkey Allows Resumption of U.S. Missions From Incirlik Air Base The New York Times 18 July 2016 The Turkish commander of the air base, brig. Gen. Bekir Ercan Van was arrested.https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/18/world/middleeast/turkey-coup-erdogan.html Erdoğan Triumphs After Coup Attempt, but Turkey's Fate Is Unclear The New York Times 17 July 2016 After the failure of the coup General Bekir Ercan Van sought asylum from the U.S., but his request was denied.https://armenpress.am/eng/news/854514 Turkish commander of air base housing US nukes detained for complicity in coup attempt Armenpress 18 July 2016 Following the failed coup attempt multiple media outlets have published editorials advocating the removal of U.S. nuclear weapons from Incirlik Air base as Turkey is unstable.http://www.newsweek.com/us-nukes-turkey-airbase-risk-falling-hands-terrorists-report-490358 U.S. nukes at Turkey airbase at risk of falling into hands of "terrorists": report Jack Moore 15 August 2016 Newsweek 25 September 2016https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/checkpoint/wp/2016/07/19/an-old-nuclear-weapons-deal-raises-new-questions-about-u-s-bombs-in-turkey/ The U.S. stores nuclear weapons in Turkey. Is that such a good idea? Dan Lamothe 19 July 2016 Washington Posthttps://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/the-h-bombs-in-turkey The H-Bombs in Turkey 17 July 2016 The New Yorker 25 September 2016 Social unrest On 16 July, anti-coup protesters chanted against locals in areas of Istanbul with high concentration of Alevis, including Okmeydanı and Gazi. Such incidents also occurred in a quarter of Antakya with a high Alevi population, where a motorcyclist stating to be a sharia advocate was lynched. September 2022 In a neighbourhood of Ankara, shops belonging to Syrians were attacked by a mob.Hatay ve Ankara karıştı 17 July 2016 http://odatv.com/hatay-ve-ankara-karisti-1707161200.html OdaTV 17 July 2016Darbeyi Protesto Eden Gruplar Alevi Mahallelerinde Gerginliğe Neden Oldu http://www.haberler.com/darbeyi-protesto-eden-gruplar-alevi-8617207-haberi/ Haberler 17 July 2016 16 July 2016 In Malatya, Sunni Islamists harassed residents of an Alevi neighbourhood, particularly the women, and attempted to enter the neighbourhood en masse. Police intervened and blocked all roads leading there.CHP'li Veli Ağbaba: Paşaköşkü'nde durum sakin http://t24.com.tr/haber/malatyada-alevi-mahallesine-saldiri,350540 T24 18 July 2016Malatya'da provokasyon girişimi http://www.birgun.net/haber-detay/malatya-da-provokasyon-girisimi-120357.html BirGün 17 July 2016 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20160718181840/http://www.birgun.net/haber-detay/malatya-da-provokasyon-girisimi-120357.html 18 July 2016 In Kadıköy, people drinking alcohol in public were attacked by a group of religious fundamentalists.Moda'da gericiler çimlerde oturan vatandaşlara saldırdı 17 July 2016 http://www.cumhuriyet.com.tr/video/video_haber/568899/Moda_da_gericiler_cimlerde_oturan_vatandaslara_saldirdi.html Cumhuriyet 18 July 2016 Calls to reintroduce the death penalty Capital punishment in Turkey Following the arrests, thousands of anti-coup protesters demanded instituting the death penalty against detainees connected with the coup, chanting "we want the death penalty". President Erdoğan has been open to reinstituting the death penalty, noting that "in a democracy, whatever the people want they will get." Turkish authorities have not executed anyone since 1984, but legally abolished capital punishment only in 2004 as a pre-condition to join the European Union. European Union officials have been vocal about their opposition to purges by Turkish authorities in connection to the coup. French Foreign Minister Jean-Marc Ayrault said that Turkey must work within the framework of the law to uphold Europe's democratic principles.17 July 2016 Turkey coup: Death penalty fears as President Erdoğan begins 'cleansing' operation of dissidents https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/turkey-coup-erdogan-purges-army-protesters-arrested-france-warning-blank-cheque-a7141361.html https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220501/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/turkey-coup-erdogan-purges-army-protesters-arrested-france-warning-blank-cheque-a7141361.html 1 May 2022 subscription live The Independent 18 July 2016 Furthermore, on 18 July 2016, Federica Mogherini, the High Representative of Foreign Affairs of the European Union, announced that no country will be admitted into the European Union "if it introduces the death penalty".McKirdy Euan Dewan Angela 18 July 2016 Turkey's Erdoğan 'cleanses' security forces with iron fist after failed coup https://edition.cnn.com/2016/07/18/asia/turkey-attempted-coup/index.html?adkey=bn CNN 18 July 201618 July 2016 West voices alarm as Turkey presses post-coup purge https://www.afp.com/en/news/205/west-voices-alarm-turkey-presses-post-coup-purge Agence France-Presse 18 July 2016 September 2025 InternetArchiveBot Moreover, German press secretary, Steffen Seibert, stated that reinstituting the death penalty will end Turkey's accession talks with the European Union.18 July 2016 Turkey reinstating death penalty would end EU talks, Germany warns https://www.afp.com/en/news/23/turkey-reinstating-death-penalty-would-end-eu-talks-germany-warns Agence France-Presse 18 July 2016 September 2025 InternetArchiveBot Turkey is a member of the Council of Europe, and ratified the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) as part of its terms of membership. The ECHR is an international treaty that includes the abolition of the death penalty among its terms. As such, Turkey is legally bound not to reintroduce the death penalty.18 July 2016 EU reminds Turkey it bound by treaty not to use death penalty https://www.reuters.com/article/us-turkey-security-executions-convention-idUSKCN0ZY10F?il=0 Reuters 18 July 2016 State of emergency thumb|Vice President Joe Biden inspects damage to the Grand National Assembly during a visit to Ankara on 24 August 2016. On 20 July 2016, President Erdoğan announced a three-month state of emergency in response to the attempted coup,https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-36852080 Turkey coup sparks state of emergency BBC News 21 July 2016 invoking Article 120 of the Constitution of Turkey ("Declaration of state of emergency because of widespread acts of violence and serious deterioration of public order").https://global.tbmm.gov.tr/docs/constitution_en.pdf Constitution of the Republic of Turkey 21 July 2016 9 February 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200209123304/https://global.tbmm.gov.tr/docs/constitution_en.pdf deadhttps://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jul/20/erdogan-bans-academics-from-travel-holds-first-post-coup-security-meeting-ankara-turkey Turkey coup attempt: Erdoğan declares three-month state of emergency Kareem Shaheen 21 July 2016 The Guardian Under the state of emergency, under Article 121, "the Council of Ministers, meeting under the chairpersonship of the President of the Republic, may issue decrees having the force of law on matters necessitated by the state of emergency", with decrees subject to subsequent parliamentary approval. The state of emergency was endorsed by the Parliament on 21 July by 346 votes to 115.https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jul/21/turkey-parliament-expected-to-pass-erdogan-emergency-measures Turkey MPs approve state of emergency bill allowing rule by decree Shaheen Kareem Bowcott Owen 21 July 2016 The Guardian 22 July 2016 The Justice and Development Party and the Nationalist Movement Party supported the state of emergency, whilst the Republican People's Party and the Peoples' Democratic Party opposed it. Prime Minister Yıldırım said at the Parliament that the state of emergency was necessary to "get rid of this scourge rapidly".OHAL tezkeresi Genel Kurul'da kabul edildi http://www.cnnturk.com/turkiye/tbmm-genel-kurulunda-ohal-oylamasi CNN Türk 24 July 2016 As part of the state of emergency, deputy prime minister Kurtulmuş announced that Turkey was temporarily suspending part of the European Convention on Human Rights following the attempted coup,https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/turkey-coup-attempt-human-rights-president-erdogan-purge-turkish-military-a7148166.html https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220501/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/turkey-coup-attempt-human-rights-president-erdogan-purge-turkish-military-a7148166.html 1 May 2022 subscription live Turkey suspends European Convention on Human Rights in wake of coup The Independent 21 July 2016 invoking Article 15 of the Convention ("war or other public emergency threatening the life of the nation"). The suspensions must be notified to the Council of Europe and may not affect the right to a fair trial or the prohibition on torture. This state of emergency in Turkey as well as the hindrance of the right to protest that occurred within such framework have been layered onto a longer history of emergency rules, oppressive legislation and daily government practice that have reinforced both. This can be seen from this the "autocratisation" process in Turkey has thrived of existing legal framework deeply associated in legacies of past "emergencies".Arslanalp Mert Erkmen T. Deniz 2020-01-02 Repression without Exception: A Study of Protest Bans during Turkey's State of Emergency (2016–2018) https://doi.org/10.1080/13608746.2020.1748353 South European Society and Politics 25 1 99–125 10.1080/13608746.2020.1748353 219421922 1360-8746 subscription State of emergency extension On 3 October 2016 Deputy Prime Minister Numan Kurtulmuş declared the governments intention to extend the state of emergency by a further three months raising objections from both the Republican People's Party (CHP) and Peoples' Democratic Party (HDP) were critical of the governments use of their emergency powers and declared that they would vote against an extension. Following the National Security Council's recommendation for the extension President Erdoğan stated that it was possible that the state of emergency could last for longer than a year prompting outcry from the opposition, Leader of the Main Opposition Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu said that "The president saying that the state of emergency can last longer than 12 months is strengthening the fear of a counter-coup" and that it was "raising the prospect of opportunist measures."https://www.wsj.com/articles/turkey-extends-state-of-emergency-1475507092 Turkey Extends State of Emergency; The Wall Street Journal Wall Street Journal 3 October 2016 23 October 2016 Peker Emre The AKP's governmental majority allowed the three-month extension to take effect on 19 October 2016.https://wcd.coe.int/com.instranet.InstraServlet?command=com.instranet.CmdBlobGet&InstranetImage=2944324&SecMode=1&DocId=2387736&Usage=2 Notification of Declaration; Council of Europe 23 October 2016 The two-year-long state of emergency was ended on 19 July 2018.https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-44881328 Turkey ends state of emergency after two years BBC News 18 July 2018 Turkish military personnel and diplomats asylum bids Applications for asylum in Greece July 2016 Turkish military asylum incident in Greece On 16 July 2016, the media reported that eight Turkish military personnel of various ranks had landed in Greece's northeastern city of Alexandroupolis on board a Black Hawk helicopter and claimed political asylum in Greece. While the Turkish foreign minister Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu demanded extradition of "the eight traitors as soon as possible", the Greek authorities stated: "We will follow the procedures of international law. However, we give severe considerations to the fact that [the Turkish military men] are accused, in their own country, of violating the constitutional order and trying to overthrow democracy."https://news.sky.com/story/turkish-soldiers-fly-to-greece-for-asylum-10503641 Turkish Soldiers Fly To Greece For Asylum Sky News The helicopter was returned to Turkey shortly thereafter.https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-36824862 Turkey coup attempt: Greek dilemma over soldiers who fled BBC 19 July 2016 The eight asylum seekers, their asylum case pending, were later transferred to Athens, mainly for safety reasons. On 26 January, the Supreme Court of Greece eventually ruled against their extradition,https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/greek-top-court-rejects-extradition-of-turkish-coup-plotter-soldiers-issues-arrest-warrant-in-absentia-109028 Greek top court rejects extradition of Turkish coup plotter soldiers, issues arrest warrant in absentia – World News Hürriyet Daily News 26 January 2017 on the grounds that the eight were unlikely to face a fair trial if returned to their home countryhttp://www.ekathimerini.com/215624/article/ekathimerini/news/supreme-court-rejects-extradition-request-for-all-eight-turkish-servicemen Supreme Court rejects extradition request for all eight Turkish servicemen | Kathimerini Ekathimerini.com and due to concerns over their safety.http://www.skai.gr/news/greece/article/337198/ohi-stin-ekdosi-ton-exi-proton-tourkon-stratiotikon1 "Όχι" στην έκδοση των οκτώ τούρκων στρατιωτικών αποφάσισε ο Άρειος Πάγος Skai.gr 14 February 2017 19 February 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20170219120404/http://www.skai.gr/news/greece/article/337198/ohi-stin-ekdosi-ton-exi-proton-tourkon-stratiotikon1/ dead On 15 February 2017, five Turkish commandos illegally entered Greece through the Evros river. However, once they entered the country, the group split. The two of them surrendered to the police and on 20 February 2017, requested political asylum. They were being held in the city of Alexandroupolis. The two men belonged to the Turkish navy. The names given by the two reportedly match the names of two fugitives wanted in relation to the shadowy operation against Erdoğan himself. The Greek government mentioned that the Greek authorities will not allow the country to be dragged into the ongoing feud between the Turkish state and the followers of Gulen.http://www.naftemporiki.gr/story/1208394/another-2-turkish-servicemen-request-asylum-names-reportedly-match-fugitives-sought-for-raid-against-erdogan Another 2 Turkish service members request asylum; names reportedly match fugitives sought for raid against Erdogan 23 February 2017 Naftemporikihttp://www.ekathimerini.com/216469/article/ekathimerini/news/turkish-commandos-ask-for-asylum Turkish commandos ask for asylum 23 February 2017 kathimerini But there were no sign of the other three. According to a lawyer there were indications that the other three have been arrested by Greek authorities who were about to expel them to Turkey. According to new evidence and new information these three "arrested" marines were delivered under fast and informal procedures from Greek to Turkish services.http://www.tovima.gr/en/article/?aid=896255 New evidences for Turkish military officials being sent back to Erdogan 8 August 2017 tovima Turkish attachés sortie from Greece to Italy After the coup attempt, two Turkish military attachés in Athens, Staff Col. İlhan Yaşıtlı and naval attaché Col. Halis Tunç, had reportedly disappeared along with their families. The Greek foreign ministry canceled the two attachés’ accreditations on 7 August 2016, upon the request of the Turkish foreign ministry. Greek media reported that they might have fled to Italy.Two Turkish attaches in Athens 'go missing' 11 August 2016 http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/two-turkish-attaches-in-athens-go-missing.aspx?pageID=238&nID=102693&NewsCatID=509 hurriyet On 11 August 2016, the Turkish foreign minister Mevlut Cavusoglu confirmed the reports saying that they had left Greece for Italy on 6 August and adding that Turkey would officially ask the Italian authorities to extradite the two soldiers.Turkish FM: Military attaches in Athens have fled to Italy http://www.naftemporiki.gr/story/1136774/turkish-fm-military-attaches-in-athens-have-fled-to-italy naftemporiki 8 November 2016Statement about Turkish attaches brings Greek relief http://www.ekathimerini.com/211184/article/ekathimerini/news/statement-about-turkish-attaches-brings-greek-relief kathimerini Rear admiral's U.S. asylum application On 9 August 2016, the media reported that Turkey's Rear Admiral Mustafa Zeki Ugurlu, who had been on a United States-based assignment for NATO and after the coup was subject to a detention order in Turkey, had sought asylum in the United States.https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-turkey-asylum-exclusive-idUSKCN10L03U Exclusive: Turkish military officer seeking asylum in United States — U.S. officials Reuters 9 August 2016 Asylum bids in Germany and Belgium In mid-November 2016, it was officially confirmed that about 40 Turkish military servicemen of various ranks stationed at NATO command structures had applied for asylum in Germany and Belgium.https://www.reuters.com/article/us-turkey-security-nato-idUSKBN13D15D Some Turkish military officers at NATO seeking asylum: alliance chief 18 November 2016 Reuters 18 November 2016http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/Default.aspx?pageID=238&nID=106292&NewsCatID=359 Some Turkish military officers at NATO seeking asylum: Alliance chief Hurriyet Daily News 18 November 2016 In January 2017, Der Spiegel magazine and ARD broadcaster reported that about 40 mostly high-ranking Turkish soldiers who worked at NATO facilities in Germany requested asylum in Germany.https://www.reuters.com/article/us-turkey-security-germany-idUSKBN15C0AJ?il=0 About 40 Turkish NATO soldiers request asylum in Germany-media Reuters 28 January 2017 28 January 2017 At the end of February 2017, Germany said it had received 136 asylum requests from Turks holding diplomatic passports since the July coup attempt. The figure was a total for August 2016 to January 2017; some were presumed to be military officers posted to NATO bases in Germany.Turkey coup: 136 diplomats and relatives seek Germany asylum BBC News, 24 February 2017. Asylum bids in NATO countries In November 2016, NATO's secretary general, Jens Stoltenberg, said that Turkish NATO Officers had requested asylum in the countries where they had been posted. He did not name the nations involved or the number of officers, saying it was a matter for those countries to decide. He said: "Some Turkish officers working in NATO command structure ... have requested asylum in the countries where they are working. ... As always, this is an issue that is going to be assessed and decided by the different NATO allies as a national issue."http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-turkey-security-idUKKBN13D14L https://web.archive.org/web/20161119154130/http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-turkey-security-idUKKBN13D14L dead 19 November 2016 Some Turkish military officers at NATO seeking asylum – alliance chief Robin Emmott Reuters 27 January 2017 18 November 2016https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/nov/18/turkish-officers-seeking-asylum-after-failed-coup-nato-chief-jens-stoltenberg Turkish officers seeking asylum after failed coup, says Nato chief Kareem Shaheen 18 November 2016 27 January 2017 The Guardian As of March 2017, Norway have granted asylum for four Turkish soldiers and a military attache.http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/236-turkish-citizens-sought-asylum-in-greece-since-coup-attempt.aspx?pageID=238&nID=111241&NewsCatID=351 236 Turkish citizens sought asylum in Greece since coup attempt Hurriyet Daily News 25 March 2017 Diplomats asylum bids Several Turkish citizens with diplomatic passports have sought political asylum in Switzerland.http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/turkish-diplomats-seek-asylum-in-switzerland.aspx?pageID=238&nID=110603&NewsCatID=351 Turkish diplomats seek asylum in Switzerland Hurriyet Daily News 9 March 2017 9 March 2017 Torture reports According to Amnesty International, detainees in Turkey have been denied access to legal counsel, have been beaten and tortured. They have not been provided with adequate food, water, or medical care. At least one has attempted suicide. Amnesty International wanted the European Committee for the Prevention of Torture to send people to check on detainees conditions.https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/detainees-beaten-tortured-and-raped-after-failed-turkey-coup-amnesty-says-a7154091.html https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220501/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/detainees-beaten-tortured-and-raped-after-failed-turkey-coup-amnesty-says-a7154091.html 1 May 2022 subscription live Detainees beaten, tortured and raped after failed Turkey coup, Amnesty says Independenthttps://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2016/07/turkey-independent-monitors-must-be-allowed-to-access-detainees-amid-torture-allegations/ Turkey: Independent monitors must be allowed to access detainees amid torture allegations Amnesty International dead https://web.archive.org/web/20160729204637/https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2016/07/turkey-independent-monitors-must-be-allowed-to-access-detainees-amid-torture-allegations/ 29 July 2016https://edition.cnn.com/2016/07/26/europe/turkey-coup-attempt-aftermath/ Turkey detainees tortured, raped after failed coup, rights group says CNN A person who had been on duty at the Ankara police headquarters said that police denied medical treatment to a detainee. "Let him die. We will say he came to us dead," the witness quoted a police doctor as saying. Also, Erdoğan has extended the maximum period of detention for suspects from four days to 30, a move Amnesty said increased the risk of torture or other maltreatment of detainees. Turkish Justice Ministry denied the reports and the Justice Minister Bekir Bozdağ said on his Twitter account: "There has not been any torture or assault of detainees in custody," in response to reports by Amnesty International. "The claims of torture and assault make up a pre-packaged misinformation campaign formed by members of FETÖ, one which is untrue and distorted," Anti-coup rally On 7 August, between three and five million people gathered for an anti-coup rally organized by the Turkish authorities in Istanbul. President Erdoğan and the two leaders of the major opposition parties (the Republican People's Party and the Nationalist Movement Party) were present.https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/aug/07/turkish-authorities-hold-anti-coup-rally-in-istanbul Turkish authorities hold anti-coup rally in Istanbul Associated Press 7 August 2016 The Guardianhttps://www.thestar.com/news/world/2016/08/07/turkeys-president-vows-more-action-at-massive-anti-coup-rally-in-istanbul.html Turkey's president vows more action at massive anti-coup rally in Istanbul Toronto Star 7 August 2016https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20160808-turkish-political-leaders-attend-historic-rally-in-istanbul/ Turkish political leaders attend historic rally in Istanbul Middle East Monitor 8 August 2016 Greece: Change in migration and asylum seeking Increase regarding Greek islands Greek authorities on several Aegean islands have called for emergency measures to curtail a growing flow of refugees from Turkey; the number of migrants and refugees willing to make the journey across the Aegean has increased noticeably after the failed coup. At Athens officials voiced worries because Turkish monitors overseeing the deal in Greece had been abruptly pulled out after the failed coup without being replaced.Aegean islands alarm as refugee numbers rise after Turkey coup attempt https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jul/30/refugee-numbers-rise-greece-aegean-turkey-coup-attempt The Guardian 30 July 2016 Smith Helena Migration arrivals inch up after failed Turkey coup: Greece http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/migration-arrivals-inch-up-after-failed-turkey-coup-greece-.aspx?pageID=238&nID=102251&NewsCatID=351 Hürriyet Daily News 29 July 2016 Also, the mayor of Kos expressed concern in a letter to the Greek Prime Minister citing the growing influx of refugees and migrants after the failed coup.November 2020 The Association of Greek Tourism Enterprises (SETE) warned about the prospect of another flare-up in the refugee/migrant crisis due to the Turkish political instability.Sector group: Coup attempt in Turkey to negatively affect Greek tourism http://www.naftemporiki.gr/story/1133579/sector-group-coup-attempt-in-turkey-to-negatively-affect-greek-tourism naftemporiki 2016 Vincent Cochetel, the director of the Europe Bureau of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, said in August 2016 that parts of the EU-Turkey deal about immigration were already de facto suspended because no Turkish police were present at Greek detention centres to oversee deportations.Greece on edge, as Turkish coup prompts surge in new arrivals 2 September 2016 https://euobserver.com/beyond-brussels/134868 euobserverTurkish police withdrawal from Greece stalls EU migration pact https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/aug/31/turkish-police-withdrawal-greece-stalls-eu-migration-pact-unhcr The Guardian 31 August 2016 Kingsley Patrick Turkish civilians On 25 August 2016, seven Turkish citizens sought asylum in Greece. Two were university professors, and their two children applied for asylum in Alexandroupoli after they illegally entered the country from the northeastern border. Also, three businessmen illegally reached the Greek island of Rhodes, and they also applied for asylum.Seven Turkish citizens seek asylum in Greece after coup bid http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/seven-turkish-citizens-seek-asylum-in-greece-after-coup-bid.aspx?pageID=238&nID=103251&NewsCatID=509 Hurriyet Daily News 26 August 2016 Seven Turkish citizens requesting asylum in Greece http://www.ekathimerini.com/211465/article/ekathimerini/news/seven-turkish-citizens-requesting-asylum-in-greece ekathimerini On 30 August 2016, a Turkish judge arrived at the Greek island of Chios on a migrant boat, with six Syrian nationals, and sought asylum in the country. He told the Greek coastguard and police officers that he is being persecuted in Turkey for his political beliefs by President Tayyip Erdoğan. The Turkish judge had been arrested for illegally entering the country and was transferred to Athens for his asylum proceedings. The Syrian nationals claimed refugee status.Turkish judge escapes to Greece on migrant boat, seeks asylum http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/turkish-judge-escapes-to-greece-on-migrant-boat-seeks-asylum.aspx?pageID=238&nid=103389 Hurriyet Daily News 30 August 2016 Media report: Turkish judicial official requests asylum in Greece http://www.naftemporiki.gr/story/1142166/media-report-turkish-judicial-official-requests-asylum-in-greece naftemporiki 30 August 2016Turkish judicial official requests asylum on Greek island http://www.ekathimerini.com/211592/article/ekathimerini/news/turkish-judicial-official-requests-asylum-on-greek-island ekathimeriniTurkish judge seeks asylum in Greece: news agency https://www.reuters.com/article/us-turkey-security-greece-idUSKCN1151WK Reuters 30 August 2016 On 11 September 2016, four Turkish civilians were arrested by Turkish police. An academic and a teacher attempted to escape to Greece illegally by crossing the Evros river, and the other two because they organized the escape attempt. The academic and the teacher paid a total of 12,500 euros in Istanbul to arrange their escape to Greece. Before their attempt, both the academic and the teacher were suspended from their duties as part of the ongoing probe into the failed coup attempt. Police also seized an air raft, an oar and a pump while detaining the suspects. The court later ordered the two's release while the other two suspects, who organized the escape attempt, were arrested.https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/court-releases-suspended-academic-teacher-bound-for-greece-after-escape-attempt-103794 Court releases suspended academic, teacher bound for Greece after escape attempt Hürriyet Daily News 11 September 2016 On 21 September 2016, ten Turkish civilians, two men, two women and six children landed by boat illegally on the Greek island of Rhodes and sought asylum. They told the Greek authorities they were working in the private sector in Turkey and the Turkish government was persecuting them due to their political beliefs.https://www.aa.com.tr/en/europe/greek-media-say-turkish-boat-group-sought-asylum/650127 Greek media say Turkish boat group sought asylum Aa.com.trhttps://www.wsj.com/articles/greece-rejects-asylum-requests-by-three-turkish-officers-1474477728 Greece Rejects Asylum Requests by Three Turkish Officers Stelios Bouras and Nektaria Stamouli 21 September 2016 Wall Street Journal On 29 September 2016, five Turkish nationals, a couple and their child and two other men, arrived in Greece, at Alexandroupolis by crossing the Evros River by boat illegally and requested political asylum.https://www.wsj.com/articles/more-turks-seek-asylum-in-greece-after-coup-attempt-1475605510 More Turks Seek Asylum in Greece After Coup Attempt Nektaria Stamouli 4 October 2016 Wall Street Journal On 12 December 2016, one female Turkish national, landed by boat, full of refugees and immigrants, illegally on the Greek island of Lesbos. She requested political asylum.Τουρκάλα που έφτασε στη Λέσβο ανάμεσα σε μετανάστες και πρόσφυγες ζητά πολιτικό άσυλο 4 December 2016 http://www.skai.gr/news/greece/article/332730/politiko-asulo-aiteitai-tourkala-pou-eftase-sti-lesvo-me-metanastes-kai-prosfuges/ el Σκαϊ On 24 October 2017, Turkish authorities obtained information that 995 Turks have applied for asylum in Greece after the coup attempt.http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/995-turks-seek-asylum-in-greece-121356 995 Turks seek asylum in Greece Hürriyet Daily News 24 October 2017 More than 1,800 Turkish citizens requested asylum in Greece in 2017.http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/seventeen-turkish-citizens-seek-sanctuary-in-greece-greek-coastguard-127666 Seventeen Turkish citizens seek sanctuary in Greece: Greek coastguard Hürriyet Daily News 21 February 2018 21 February 2018 On 18 February 2018, seventeen Turkish nationals, including six children, requested asylum in Greece at Oinousses island. In August 2018, the former lawmaker for the Peoples' Democratic Party, Leyla Birlik, requested asylum in Greece after illegally crossing the border near Alexandroupolis.http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/former-hpd-mp-seeking-political-asylum-in-greece-136117 Former HPD MP seeking political asylum in Greece Hürriyet Daily News 24 August 2018 Germany—and Turkish factions within Berlin mayor, Michael Müller (SPD), said Turkey was waging war on supporters of the Gülen movement in Germany. He said that Turkish officials had approached him and asked him whether he would be prepared to confront the Gülen movement in Berlin critically and, if necessary, to support measures against it. The mayor rejected the idea and made it very clear that Turkish conflicts could not be waged in the city.Berlin mayor accuses Turkey of waging war on Gülen supporters in Germany http://www.dw.com/en/berlin-mayor-accuses-turkey-of-waging-war-on-gulen-supporters-in-germany/a-19474091 Deutsche Welle 14 August 2016 Brandon Conradis Der Spiegel presented classified documents, which showed that Turkey's secret service (MIT) had asked Germany's foreign intelligence agency (BND) for help in rounding up Gülen supporters in Germany.Turkey asks Germany for help with Gülen crackdown: report https://www.reuters.com/article/us-turkey-security-germany-idUSKCN10V0DY Reuters 20 August 2016 The Turkish secret service wanted the BND to use its influence to spur German lawmakers into taking action against Gülen supporters and extraditing them to Turkey. Also, Turkey's government has sent German authorities requests for searches and extraditions linked to supporters of Fethullah Gülen in Germany. In Germany businesses thought to be in support of the Gülen movement have been harassed by Erdoğan supporters. After the failed coup, there was a massive demonstration in Cologne at Germany, in late July, in support of Turkish President Erdoğan. Erdoğan wanted to address the participants via video but was rejected by the local authorities and the German Constitutional Court due to security concerns. Turkey said that the ban was unacceptable and a violation of freedom of expression.https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/turkey-lashes-out-at-germany-over-ban-on-erdogans-videoconference--102294 Turkey lashes out at Germany over ban on Erdoğan's videoconference Hürriyet Daily News 31 July 2016 German authorities said Turkish mosques in Germany were playing Turkish politics and worried that Turkey's internal politics spilled over into German cities. For years, German authorities had encouraged Turkey's state-run religious institution Turkish-Islamic Union for Religious Affairs usually referred to as DİTİB to provide Islamic preachers and teachers and Gülen Movement Schools for the large Turkish diaspora in Germany. DİTİB manages some 900 mosques in Germany. Gülen movement runs 100 educational facilities in Germany.http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/guelen-movement-accused-of-being-a-sect-a-848763.html Altruistic Society or Sect? The Shadowy World of the Islamic Gülen Movement 25 August 2016 Spiegel Online 8 August 2012 After the failed coup DİTİB published a sermon praising "our noble nation" for rising against "a wretched network" that had sown "seeds of sedition, rebellion and hostility." According to Volker Beck, a member of the center-left Greens in Germany's Bundestag, "That was not a religious text. It was a declaration of obedience to Mr. Erdoğan and his measures since the coup attempt,"German Authorities Accuse Mosques of Playing Turkish Politics http://aina.org/news/20160816184650.htm Wall Street Journal 17 August 2016 18 August 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160818195900/http://www.aina.org/news/20160816184650.htm dead Volker Kauder, parliamentary group leader of the Germany's ruling Christian Democrats, the Christian Democratic Union of Germany (CDU)/Christian Social Union in Bavaria (CSU) faction, said Turkish-Germans should be loyal to Germany first and foremost. Germans of Turkish origin are being pressured in Germany by informers and officers of Turkey's MIT spy agency. According to reports Turkey had 6,000 informants plus MIT officers in Germany who were putting pressure on "German Turks". Hans-Christian Ströbele said that there was an "unbelievable" level of "secret activities" in Germany by Turkey's MIT agency. According to Erich Schmidt-Eenboom, not even the former communist East German Stasi secret police had managed to run such a large "army of agents" in the former West Germany: "Here, it's not just about intelligence gathering, but increasingly about intelligence service repression."https://www.dw.com/en/report-turkeys-mit-agency-menacing-german-turks/a-19490657 Report: Turkey's MIT agency menacing 'German Turks' 21 August 2016 Deutsche Welle German lawmakers have called for an investigation, charging that Turkey is spying on suspected Gulen followers in Germany.http://hizmetnews.com/20806/german-lawmakers-call-probe-imams-suspected-spying-turkey/#.WGD--bmdVpI German Lawmakers Call for Probe on Imams Suspected of Spying for Turkey turkeypurge 10 December 2016 10 December 2016 Turkish civilians asylum bids Germany's Office for Migration and Refugees said on 18 November 2016, it had received 4,437 political asylum requests from Turkish citizens up to October, compared to 1,767 for the whole of last year. "We must expect that the number of Turks who are seeking political asylum in Germany will continue to rise," said Stephan Mayer, the domestic policy speaker of the union coalition in the Bundestag.http://www.dw.com/en/asylum-applications-from-turkey-skyrocket-in-germany/a-36432485 Asylum applications from Turkey skyrocket in Germany 18 November 2016 Deutsche Welle 27 January 2017 On 10 December 2016, eleven Turkish nationals, 10 adults and one child, in a martial arts group have applied for asylum in Germany.http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/Default.aspx?pageID=238&nID=107135&NewsCatID=351 Turkish karate group seeks asylum in Germany – EUROPE 11 December 2016 27 January 2017 As of January 2018, Germany was first place and Greece second as EU destinations of choice for Turkish nationals requesting asylum after the coup attempt. In May 2022, Finland and Sweden, which applied for NATO membership in response to Russia's invasion of Ukraine, formally rejected Turkey's extradition requests for numerous members of the Gülen movement and the PKK.https://www.dailysabah.com/politics/diplomacy/sweden-finland-reject-turkeys-request-to-extradite-terrorists Sweden, Finland reject Turkey's request to extradite terrorists 16 May 2022 www.dailysabah.com Companies raided Turkish police have carried out simultaneous raids in 18 cities against companies associated with United States-based Fethullah Gülen. The state-run Anadolu Agency said police searched 204 premises and detained 187 businessmen for "membership in a terror organization" and "providing financial support to a terror organization". All suspects' assets were seized. WikiLeaks WikiLeaks released Turkish emails and documents to respond to the Turkish government's purges that followed the coup attempt. In turn, the Turkish Telecommunications Communications Board blocked access to the WikiLeaks website. On 17 July 2016 Wikileaks had announced on Twitter, the leak of approximately 300,000 emails and over 500,000 documents, including those to and from AKP. WikiLeaks stated that it was attacked shortly after 17 July announcement of the planned publication and hypothesized that Turkish authorities were responsible. WikiLeaks stated in a tweet, "our infrastructure is under sustained attack."WikiLeaks under 'sustained attack' after announcing release of Turkey docs https://www.cnet.com/news/wikileaks-under-sustained-attack-after-announcing-release-of-turkey-docs/ CNET 18 July 2016WikiLeaks Servers Go Down, Under DDoS Attack After Announcing Turkey Coup Leaks 19 July 2016 http://news.softpedia.com/news/wikileaks-servers-go-down-under-ddos-attack-after-announcing-turkey-coup-leaks-506436.shtml softpedia.com 19 July 2016 Tweets from WikiLeaks include "We are unsure of the true origin of the attack. The timing suggests a Turkish state power faction or its allies. We will prevail & publish." and: "Turks will likely be censored to prevent them reading our pending release of 100k+ docs on politics leading up to the coup.", "We ask that Turks are ready with censorship bypassing systems such as TorBrowser and uTorrent"; "And that everyone else is ready to help them bypass censorship and push our links through the censorship to come." Upon the release of the email dump, it has been reported that the emails contain little to no damning information, and instead are just mails from a public mailing list, but also linked externally to "voter information on all of the women registered to vote in 78 out of Turkey's 81 provinces".http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/wikileaks-criticised-tweeting-link-leaked-database-millions-turkish-women-1572667 WikiLeaks criticized for tweeting link to leaked database of millions of Turkish women 26 July 2016http://boingboing.net/2016/07/29/wikileaks-dump-of-erdogan.html Wikileaks' dump of "Erdoğan emails" turn out to be public mailing list archives 29 July 2016 Renamed places Several places were renamed to commemorate the failed coup: Boğaziçi Köprüsü (Bosphorus Bridge) → 15 Temmuz Şehitler Köprüsü Kızılay Meydanı → 15 Temmuz Kızılay Demokrasi MeydanıBoğaziçi Köprüsü'nden sonra Kızılay Meydanı'nın da adı değişiyor http://www.cnnturk.com/turkiye/bogazici-koprusunden-sonra-kizilay-meydaninin-da-adi-degisiyor CNN Türk 26 July 2016 tr Ahmet Taner Kışlalı Meydanı → 15 Temmuz Milli İrade Meydanı (Reverted to original name a few days later)Bakan Ala devreye girdi, meydanın adı değişmedi http://www.cnnturk.com/turkiye/bakan-ala-devreye-girdi-meydanin-adi-degismedi CNN Türk 27 July 2016 tr Büyük İstanbul Otogarı → İstanbul 15 Temmuz Demokrasi Otogarıİstanbul Otogarı'nın adı değişti http://www.ntv.com.tr/turkiye/istanbul-otogarinin-adi-degisti,goD3Qd23RU69yeTk0gIVSw NTV 28 July 2016 tr 28 July 2016 In TRT, Yeni Haber Stüdyosu → 15 Temmuz Millet StüdyosuTRT stüdyonun adını değiştirdi: 15 Temmuz Millet Stüdyosu http://www.cnnturk.com/turkiye/trt-studyonun-adini-degistirdi-15-temmuz-millet-studyosu CNN Türk 27 July 2016 tr Kazan → Kahramankazan about the province's local people's resistance to the coup plotters. Kahraman means "hero" in Turkish Niğde University → Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University In 2018, the Istanbul Municipal Council decided to change the names of a total of 90 streets that included words which could be associated with FETÖ.Istanbul changes street names with Gülen-linked words 15 October 2018 http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/istanbul-changes-street-names-with-gulen-linked-words-137891 hurriyetdailynews 15 October 2018 Restrictions on funeral services for coupists The Presidency of Religious Affairs stated that it would not be providing religious funeral services to the dead coupists, except for "privates and low-ranking officers compelled by force and threats who found themselves in the midst of the conflict without full knowledge of anything".http://www.milliyet.com.tr/diyanet-darbecilere-cenaze-hizmeti-gundem-2280361/ Diyanet: Darbecilere cenaze hizmeti verilmeyecek Milliyet 19 July 2016 22 July 2016 Reports of spying A document dated 26 September 2016 showed that Turkey's Directorate of Religious Affairs (Diyanet) asked Turkish missions and religious representatives abroad to profile Gülen movement expatriates living in their respective foreign countries.http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/turkish-religious-affairs-attach-in-the-hague-recalled-after-accusations-of-spying.aspx?pageID=238&nID=107643&NewsCatID=359 Turkish religious affairs attaché in The Hague recalled after accusations of spying 22 December 2016 hurriyet 22 December 2016http://turkeypurge.com/leaked-doc-shows-turkeys-religious-official-in-belgium-spied-on-gulen-movement Leaked doc shows Turkey's religious official in Belgium spied on Gülen movement turkeypurge 15 December 2016 15 December 2016 26 December 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20161226221221/http://turkeypurge.com/leaked-doc-shows-turkeys-religious-official-in-belgium-spied-on-gulen-movement deadhttps://www.turkishminute.com/2016/12/22/turkey-recalls-spying-religious-attache-netherlands/ Turkey recalls spying religious attaché from Netherlands 22 December 2016 turkishminute 22 December 2016 Gülen-linked schools, businesses, foundations, associations, media outlets and others were also included in the reports.http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/diyanet-gathers-intelligence-on-suspected-gulenists-via-imams-in-38-countries.aspx?pageID=238&nID=107028&NewsCatID=341 Diyanet gathers intelligence on suspected Gülenists via imams in 38 countries 7 December 2016 hurriyet 7 December 2016 Turkey's Directorate of Religious Affairs has gathered intelligence via imams from 38 countries. Belgium officials said they would withdraw recognition of Diyanet mosques in the country if necessary. German lawmakers have called for an investigation, charging that Turkey is spying on suspected Gulen followers in Germany. On 21 December 2016, the Turkish government has recalled Yusuf Acar, the religious affairs attaché of the Turkish Embassy in the Netherlands, after Dutch authorities said he was spying. Acar collected information of people who sympathize with Fethullah Gülen at Netherlands and passed it on to the Turkish authorities. The Dutch government called spying activities an "unwanted and non-acceptable interference in the lives of Dutch citizens." and the attaché was reportedly declared persona non grata and received a "deportation warning" by Dutch authorities. Requests for help from other countries On 26 January 2017, President Erdoğan, during his visit to Tanzania, asked his Tanzanian counterpart John Magufuli to take action against the network of Fethullah Gülen.http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/tanzania-denied-entrance-of-turkish-citizens-during-erdogans-visit-for-security-reasons.aspx?pageID=238&nID=108993&NewsCatID=357 Tanzania denied entrance of Turkish citizens during Erdoğan's visit 'for security reasons' Hurriyet Daily News 26 January 2017 26 January 2017 Museum thumb|15 July Martyrs' Monument at the Presidential Complex In April 2017 it was announced that President Erdoğan planned to establish a purpose-built museum dedicated to the coup events, called the "Museum of the 15 July: Martyrs and Democracy", to be located in Kahramankazan, a town near Ankara. Paid for by Turkish Ministry of Culture funds, it is planned to open at the end of 2018.President Erdoğan plans new museum dedicated to Turkey's failed coup http://theartnewspaper.com/news/news/new-museum-dedicated-to-turkey-s-failed-coup-to-open-outside-ankara/ President Erdoğan plans new museum dedicated to Turkey's failed coup 19 April 2017 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20170420144214/http://theartnewspaper.com/news/news/new-museum-dedicated-to-turkey-s-failed-coup-to-open-outside-ankara/ 20 April 2017 The museum opened in December 2019.Sofuoglu Murat How a museum keeps the memory of July 15 victims alive https://www.trtworld.com/magazine/how-a-museum-keeps-the-memory-of-july-15-victims-alive-12786994 https://web.archive.org/web/20251019151253/https://www.trtworld.com/article/12786994 2025-10-19 2023-09-28 How a museum keeps the memory of 15 July victims alive en Third-party reactions Domestic Among the Turkish opposition parties, the Republican People's Party (CHP) issued a statement expressing their public opposition to the coup, and the Hürriyet Daily News reported that Nationalist Movement Party (MHP) leader Devlet Bahçeli telephoned Prime Minister Binali Yıldırım to express his opposition to the coup.Opposition parties reject the military coup attempt, Hürriyet Daily News (15 July 2016). The co-chairs of the opposition Peoples' Democratic Party (HDP) issued a statement saying that the party was "under all circumstances and as a matter of principle against all kinds of coup."Mutlu Civiroglu mutludc 754084935456198656 15 July 2016 HDP Cochairs: "...HDP is under all circumstances and as a matter of principle against all kinds of coup..." Amongst the minor parties, left-wing nationalist Patriotic Party's Doğu Perinçek backed democracy, when he held Gülen and the Americans responsible.Doğu Perinçek Dogu_Perincek 754063998253985792 15 July 2016 Bu Amerikancı Fetullahçı bir girişimdir. Türk Ordusu bu girişimi bastıracaktır. Milletimizin içi rahat olsun. Kurdish militant separatist organization Kurdistan Workers' Party, which Turkey and its allies recognise as a terrorist organization, urged their supporters to stay away from the coup and rather defend their people,Jiyan Avesta JiyanAvesta 754092815165120512 15 July 2016 #PKK urges #Kurds to stay away from #TurkeyCoup. #Kurds must mobilise their units to defend #Kurdistan's interests #TwitterKurds @Hevallo while the Communist Party called upon the people to overthrow the AKP government which they called an "enemy of humanity".There is no alternative but people Communist Party http://www.kp.org.tr/en/basin-aciklamalari/there-no-alternative-people 16 July 2016 16 July 2016 International International reactions to the 2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt During the first hours of the coup plotters' moves of blocking Istanbul's bridges and flying fighter jets low over Istanbul and Ankara, Council of Europe Secretary General Thorbjørn Jagland tweeted against the coup attempt and underlined that "any attempt to overthrow the democratically elected leaders is unacceptable".https://twitter.com/TJagland/status/754077794582298624 Council of Europe Secretary General Jagland's rapid tweet against the 2016 Turkish coup attempt 15 July 2016 Twitter Russia's President Vladimir Putin called Erdoğan out of solidarity before all NATO member countries' heads following the coup attempt. Erdoğan thanked the president of Kazakhstan, Nursultan Nazarbayev – who was the first president to show solidarity after the coup attempt – for his support in solving the 7-month crisis over downed Russian Sukhoi Su-24Story of secret diplomacy that ended Russia-Turkey jet crisis, Hürriyet Daily News, 8 September 2016 and the Prime Minister of Greece, Alexis Tsipras, who was among the first NATO country leaders to condemn the coup attempt, already from the early hours of Saturday.http://www.thepressroom.gr/ellada/praxikopima-stin-toyrkia-paylopoylos-kai-tsipras-tha Πραξικόπημα στην Τουρκία: Παυλόπουλος και Τσίπρας θα μιλήσουν σήμερα με τον Ερντογάν bamiatzis 16 July 2016 27 January 2017http://www.huffingtonpost.gr/2016/07/16/politiki-tsipras-erdogan-_n_11024136.html Επικοινωνία Τσίπρα με Ερντογάν και Γιλντιρίμ το Σάββατο 27 January 2017 15 July 2016 Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif, the then Prime Minister of Pakistan, was all praise for the people of Turkey and the AKP government and strongly condemned what he termed as an attempt to undermine democracy in Turkey. "We deeply admire the resolve of the brave and resilient Turkish people, who stood up against the forces of darkness and anarchy to express their support and commitment to democracy," the PM said in a statement issued from his office.What Pakistani politicians said about the coup attempt in Turkey https://www.dawn.com/news/1271409 Hanif Anees 17 July 2016 Dawn en 25 May 2020 The majority of countries either expressed their support for the government or called for restraint. On 16 July 2016, however, a proposed United Nations Security Council statement denouncing the coup was not accepted by Egypt, a non-permanent member of the Council at the time, due to textual disagreements. Egyptian diplomats said that the council is "in no position to qualify, or label [the Turkish] government – or any other government for that matter – as democratically elected or not". Objection by the United States and the UK – permanent members of the Security Council – led to Egypt proposing a new statement calling for all sides to "respect the democratic and constitutional principles and the rule of law", which was rejected, preventing the condemnation of the coup attempt by the Security Council. The leader of the opposition Liberal Democratic Party of Russia, Vladimir Zhirinovsky supported the coup attempt.June 2023 Al-Monitor reported that "Unlike Ankara's Western allies, Iran did not wait for the coup's failure to speak up. Foreign Minister Mohammad Javad Zarif voiced support for democracy in a Twitter message in the early hours of the unrest, writing "Stability, and democracy in Turkey are paramount". In a subsequent phone call after the failure of the coup attempt, President Hassan Rouhani told Erdoğan the coup attempt was "a test to identify your domestic and foreign friends and enemies."Will failed coup push Erdoğan toward Iran, Russia? https://web.archive.org/web/20160808020754/http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2016/07/turkey-coup-attempt-may-push-erdogan-iran-russia.html 8 August 2016. Al-Monitor. 20 July 2016. An Iranian official pointed out parallels between the coup attempt in Turkey and the coup against Iranian Prime Minister Mohammad Mussadiq in 1953: “What we know is that this attempt was triggered by foreign hands. We have experienced the same thing in the past. Since Mr. Erdogan wants to play a more positive path in the region today, they want to overthrow him.” Mustafa Akıncı, President of Northern Cyprus, welcomed the fact that "no community in Turkey ... applauded the coup as they have done in the past."http://aa.com.tr/en/todays-headlines/turkish-cyprus-relieved-at-coup-failure/611378 Turkish Cyprus 'relieved' at coup failure 19 July 2016 Anadolu Agency 19 July 2016 Azerbaijan strongly condemned the attempted military coup in Turkey and considered such actions unacceptable according to a statement from Novruz Mammadov, deputy head of the Azerbaijani Presidential Administration and chief of the foreign relations department.http://news.az/articles/politics/110366 News.Az – Azerbaijan strongly condemns Turkey coup attempt – top official 25 August 2016 27 August 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160827033220/http://news.az/articles/politics/110366 deadhttp://www.kaspi.az/en/azerbaijan-strongly-condemns-turkey-coup-attempt-top-official/ Azerbaijan strongly condemns Turkey coup attempt – top official 25 August 2016 26 August 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160826191101/http://www.kaspi.az/en/azerbaijan-strongly-condemns-turkey-coup-attempt-top-official/ dead European Commissioner dealing with Turkey's EU membership bid, Johannes Hahn, said it appears Turkey's government prepared arrest lists of political opponents before the coup attempt and had been waiting for the right time to act.https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/turkey-coup-attempt-erdogan-government-arrests-military-uprising-eu-commissioner-a7142426.html https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220501/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/turkey-coup-attempt-erdogan-government-arrests-military-uprising-eu-commissioner-a7142426.html 1 May 2022 subscription live Turkey coup attempt: Government had list of arrests prepared before rebellion, EU commissioner says 19 July 2016 The Independent In this sense, EU reported that as a main criticism to put this issue in the category of terrorism become the violation of the fundamental rights and fundamental values of the citizens. Hence, it underlines a total divergence of opinions and mentality between EU and Turkey which reached a deadlock here especially after 15 July 2016.İkbal Yılmaz Müleyke Nurefşan 2020-10-25 The Changing Milestone in Turkey-EU Relations: The July 15 https://www.kureselsiyaset.org/uluslararasi-iliskiler/the-changing-milestone-in-turkey-eu-relations-the-july-15/ 2020-10-30 KÜRESEL SİYASET tr thumb|President Barack Obama talks on the phone in the Oval Office with John Kerry regarding the situation in Turkey, 15 July 2016 On 19 July 2016, White House spokesperson Josh Earnest said during a press briefing that President Barack Obama has held a phone conversation with President Erdoğan: "The President used the phone call to reiterate once again the strong commitment of the United States to the democratically elected civilian government of Turkey. The President pledged any needed assistance to the Turkish government as they conduct an investigation to determine exactly what happened."http://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/2016/07/20/turkish-government-post-coup-purge-widens Turkish government post-coup purge widens 20 July 2016 SBS On 20 July 2016, NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg said: "Turkey has a large armed force, professional armed forces and ... I am certain they will continue as a committed and strong NATO ally.""NATO chief says Turkey's military still strong despite detentions". Reuters. 20 July 2016. On a statement released on 10 August 2016, the Secretary General once more strongly condemned the attempted coup and reiterated full support for Turkey's democratic institutions. He also expressed support for the elected Turkish government and respect for the courage of the Turkish people for resisting the coup plotters.http://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/news_134408.htm NATO Spokesperson's statement on Turkey 25 August 2016 On 29 July 2016, the commander of U.S. Central Command, General Joseph Votel, denied statements by Turkey's president Erdoğan that he has supported the coup attempt in Turkey.U.S. general denies involvement in Turkish coup attempt https://www.reuters.com/article/us-turkey-security-usa-votel-idUSKCN10925Y Reuters 29 July 2016 On 1 August 2016, United States Joint Chiefs of Staff Chairman, General Joseph Dunford, visited Turkey and condemned the coup attempt.Turkey failed coup: US military chief condemns plotters BBC News https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-36947468 1 August 2016 Dunford said: "The consistent theme throughout the day was a reaffirmation of the importance of the U.S.-Turkey relationship – the need for us to cooperate."Dunford Visit to Turkey is First by Senior U.S. Official Since Coup Attempt U.S. Department of Defense https://www.war.gov/News/News-Stories/Article/Article/882691/dunford-visit-to-turkey-is-first-by-senior-us-official-since-coup-attempt/ 1 August 2016 Greek maritime patrols for coup fugitives On 20 July, there were reports that a group of Turkish military commandos coup fugitives would try to cross from Turkey to the island of Symi, in the southeastern Aegean, at Greece. The Hellenic Coast Guard was on alert and increased the patrols in the area, especially after a group of inflatable dinghies and other vessels were seen departing from Datça, on the Turkish coast, in the direction of Symi, they monitored the movements of the Turkish vessels, which remained in Turkish waters. Furthermore, a contingent of the Hellenic Police was dispatched to Symi to conduct checks there. The Greek government had been anticipating a possible attempt by participants in the failed coup to come to Greece and took the reports seriously. Turkish F-16 fighter jets were also scrambled to check reports that missing Turkish coast guard vessels had appeared in Greek waters in the Aegean. Later on the day, the Turkish interior ministry denied reports that rebel soldiers might have "hijacked" a vessel to flee to Greece.http://www.ekathimerini.com/210616/article/ekathimerini/news/reports-of-commandos-in-aegean-put-athens-on-alert Reports of commandos in Aegean put Athens on alert ekathimerinihttp://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/interior-ministry-refutes-hijacked-coastguard-vessels-reports.aspx?pageID=517&nID=101895&NewsCatID=341 Interior Ministry refutes 'hijacked coastguard vessels' reports Hürriyet Daily News The Greek armed forces remained on alert the throughout the day for potential coup fugitives.http://www.naftemporiki.gr/story/1130561/entatikopoiountai-oi-peripolies-sto-aigaio Εντατικοποιούνται οι περιπολίες στο Αιγαίο naftemporiki Causes According to Michael Rubin, from the American Enterprise Institute (AEI), Erdoğan had himself to blame for the coup. Following an increasingly Islamist agenda, Erdoğan had reportedly "dropped any pretense of governing for all Turks." After "fanning the flames" at the 2013 Gezi Park protests, he transformed the predominantly Kurdish-inhabited areas of southeastern Turkey "into a war zone reminiscent of the worst days of the 1980s." The biggest problem, according to Rubin, might have been Erdoğan's foreign policy, which managed to turn the initial "no problems with neighbors" doctrine into a situation where the country has problems with almost every neighbor and has even alienated some of its allies and friends.Michael Rubin Erdoğan Has Nobody to Blame for the Coup But Himself Foreign Policy https://foreignpolicy.com/2016/07/15/erdogan-has-nobody-to-blame-for-the-coup-but-himself/ 15 July 2016 16 July 2016 Michael Rubin (historian) May 2022 Rubin previously worked as an official at the Pentagon https://www.aei.org/profile/michael-rubin/ Michael Rubin 7 May 2023 and less than 4 months before the coup, he wrote an article in Newsweek magazine titled, "Will There Be a Coup Against Erdogan in Turkey?" https://www.newsweek.com/will-there-be-coup-against-erdogan-turkey-439181 Will There Be a Coup Against Erdogan in Turkey? 24 March 2016 Newsweek 7 May 2023 British Middle East correspondent Robert Fisk warned that "too late did Erdoğan realize the cost of the role he had chosen for his country. It's one thing to say sorry to Putin and patch up relations with Netanyahu; but when you can no longer trust your army, there are more serious matters to concentrate upon." Even if this coup may have failed, Fisk expected another to follow in the months or years to come.Robert Fisk Turkey's coup may have failed – but history shows that it won't be long before another one succeeds The Independent https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/turkey-coup-erdogan-ankara-istanbul-military-army-turkeys-coup-may-have-failed-but-history-shows-a7140521.html https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220501/https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/turkey-coup-erdogan-ankara-istanbul-military-army-turkeys-coup-may-have-failed-but-history-shows-a7140521.html 1 May 2022 subscription live 16 July 2016 16 July 2016 Robert Fisk Turkish professor Akın Ünver described the coup d'état attempt as "more of a mutiny".Turkey's failed coup gives its president a chance to seize more power The Economist https://www.economist.com/news/europe/21702321-recep-tayyip-erdogan-calls-his-opponents-traitors-and-now-considers-his-case-proved-turkeys 16 July 2016 17 July 2016 17 July 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160717144005/http://www.economist.com/news/europe/21702321-recep-tayyip-erdogan-calls-his-opponents-traitors-and-now-considers-his-case-proved-turkeys dead Peace at Home Council The name of the "Peace at Home Council" – Yurtta Sulh Konseyi– is derived from Atatürk's famous saying 'Peace at Home, Peace in the World'.https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-36815476 Turkey coup: Who was behind Turkey coup attempt? – BBC News 17 July 2016 BBC News 16 July 2016 Basaran Ezgi Journalist Ezgi Başaran said that "the statement of the junta, that was [...] read on the [...] government TV [channel] as the coup got under way, bore a strong resemblance to Mustafa Kemal Atatürk's famous address to the Turkish Youth. [...] On the other hand, given that these references are too obvious, they may have been intentionally included to insinuate a Kemalist junta rather than a Gülenist one." The citizen journalism site Bellingcat published an analysis of the messages of a WhatsApp group consisting of high-ranking military officials who had taken part in the coup covering their activities including them killing several people. The messages were cross referenced with video footage. The group was named "Yurtta sulh" which refers to a peace at home speech and they seem secular and military with no references to Gülen or anything related during the several hours of messaging."We've shot four people. Everything's fine." The Turkish Coup through the Eyes of its Plotters — bellingcat https://www.bellingcat.com/news/mena/2016/07/24/the-turkey-coup-through-the-eyes-of-its-plotters/ 24 July 2016 News reports have suggested that the coup ringleader was Adil Öksüz. Some believe Öksüz to have been an operative with Turkish intelligence as he was released by the police after his arrest post coup attempt.https://ahvalnews.com/gulen-movement/broken-gulen-movement-faces-existential-crisis Broken Gülen movement faces existential crisis Ahval 15 February 2020 Lepeska David 13 February 2020 13 February 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200213184541/https://ahvalnews.com/gulen-movement/broken-gulen-movement-faces-existential-crisis deadButler John 2017-08-03 The Disappearing Imam: Gulen and Uncovering the Mysteries of Turkey’s Coup Operation https://warontherocks.com/the-disappearing-imam-uncovering-the-mysteries-of-turkeys-coup-operation/ 2026-07-24 War on the Rocks en-US Timing German Islamic studies scholar Rainer Hermann de said the putschists tried to forestall a large-scale purge of judiciary and military, the implementation of which had already started on Saturday, the day after the coup attempt. According to Turkish investigative journalist Ahmet Şık, a list of officials to be purged had been ready compiled by the attorney-general of Izmir, Okan Bato, and was approved by President Erdoğan. According to this version, the putschists had to quickly bring forward their coup attempt before being disposed and arrested.Rainer Hermann Wollten Putschisten Erdoğans Säuberungswelle verhindern? Did the putschists aim at forestalling Erdoğan's purges? Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung https://www.faz.net/aktuell/politik/ausland/europa/verhaftungen-in-der-tuerkei-wollten-putschisten-erdogans-saeuberungswelle-verhindern-14344728.html 17 July 2016 19 July 2016 de Staged coup reports During and after the events, several politicians and commentators suggested that the government knew about the coup in advance and possibly directed it. The facts that the coup attempt began in the evening rather than at a more inconspicuous time and that the events were largely confined to Ankara and Istanbul contributed to doubts about the authenticity of the coup attempt. Journalists and opposition politicians branded it a 'tragic comedy' and 'theatre play'.https://www.ensonhaber.com/bekir-coskun-darbe-girisiminin-tiyatro-olduguna-inaniyor-2016-07-17.html Bekir Coşkun darbe girişiminin tiyatro olduğuna inanıyor 17 July 2016 Ensonhaberhttps://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/17/world/europe/as-the-coup-in-turkey-unfolded-the-whole-night-felt-like-doomsday.html As Turkey Coup Unfolded, 'the Whole Night Felt Like Doomsday' 17 July 2016 The New York Times Advocates of such theories pointed to how Erdoğan stood to gain from the coup attempt in terms of increasing his popularity and support for his calls for an executive presidency, while being able to legitimize further crackdowns on judicial independence and the opposition in general.https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/turkey-coup-conspiracy-theory-erdogan-military-gift-from-god-soldiers-istanbul-a7140516.html Turkey coup: Conspiracy theorists claim power grab attempt was faked by Erdoğan 16 July 2016 Other elements that were reported to support the theory included: no list of demands by the coup plotters, the organization and response of the police, the long lists of arrests that seemed to be ready surprisingly quickly (including arrests of 2,745 judges and 2,839 soldiers the morning of the coup attempt), and the obvious nature of the coup actions.http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2016/07/turkey-military-coup-attempt-more-questions-than-answers.html Was Turkey's coup attempt just an elaborate hoax by Erdoğan? 17 July 2016 18 July 2016 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20160718070201/http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2016/07/turkey-military-coup-attempt-more-questions-than-answers.html 18 July 2016 Fethullah Gülen, whom Erdoğan had said as being one of the principal conspirators, commented, "I don't believe that the world believes the accusations made by President Erdoğan. There is a possibility that it could be a staged coup and it could be meant for further accusations [against the Gülenists]."https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jul/16/fethullah-gulen-turkey-coup-erdogan Fethullah Gülen: Turkey coup may have been 'staged' by Erdoğan regime Amana Fontanella-Khan 16 July 2016 18 July 2016 The Guardian Journalist Cengiz Çandar, a veteran observer of Turkey's coups, said "I have never seen any with this magnitude of such inexplicable sloppiness."http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2016/07/turkey-military-coup-attempt-more-questions-than-answers.html Was Turkey's coup attempt just an elaborate hoax by Erdoğan? 17 July 2016 20 July 2016 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20160720014044/http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2016/07/turkey-military-coup-attempt-more-questions-than-answers.html 20 July 2016 Prominent Hizmet (Gülen movement) spokesman Alp Aslandogan said, referencing that the Turkish Air Force commander met with Erdoğan before 15 July, that certain legal documentation related to the coup seemed written beforehand, arguing that within "the indictment written by a prosecutor on the night of 15 July to 16 July, there were events there that didn't actually happen. Some events did happen, but those events didn't happen by the time the document started. It looks like a bigger plan was there, and part of the plan did not come to pass."https://www.poconorecord.com/news/20190721/doubt-cast-on-gxfclens-role-in-failed-turkish-coup Doubt cast on Gülen's role in failed Turkish coup Brian Myszkowski Pocono Record 21 July 2019 Evidence of pre-planning The organization and spontaneous synchronization by large numbers of mosques was perceived to be unachievable unless there had been prior preparation, with journalists also pointing to how Erdoğan could have strategically used the call to prayer to invoke religious sentiment in a political situation as a veiled attack on state secularism.http://t24.com.tr/haber/yilmaz-ozdil-erdogan-sahte-darbenin-ruzgariyla-cumhurbaskani-oldu-monte-darbenin-ruzgariyla-baskan-oluyor,350423 Yılmaz Özdil: Erdoğan 'sahte darbe'nin rüzgârıyla cumhurbaşkanı oldu, 'monte darbe'nin rüzgârıyla başkan oluyor t24.com.tr Thousands of arrests and purges were conducted by Turkish authorities between 16 and 18 July 2016. The sheer number of these arrests made at such a speed could only be done so if the "Turkish government had all those lists ready", as suggested by Johannes Hahn, European Commissioner for Enlargement and European Neighbourhood Policy, on 18 July 2016. Hahn also said that because these lists were already available immediately after the coup, the "event was prepared" and the lists were to be used "at a certain stage".Kostaki Irene 18 July 2016 2,745 judges, almost 3,000 suspected military plotters, ranging from top commanders to foot soldiers, and prosecutors were sacked and arrested, immediately after the failed Turkey coup attempt New Europe Possible connections of the coup leaders to Erdoğan Mehmet Dişli, who was seen giving orders to the coup plotters and who was the one who put a belt around Hulusi Akar's neck to make him sign, is the brother of Şaban Dişli, a former vice president of the ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP) and confidant of Erdoğan.AK Party vice chair's brother Maj. Gen. Mehmet Dişli detained as plotter behind coup attempt https://www.turkishminute.com/2016/07/18/ak-party-vice-chairs-brother-maj-gen-mehmet-disli-detained-plotter-behind-coup-attempt/ Turkish Minute 30 July 2016 18 July 2016Turkey: The alleged Coup Leader's two-star general close confidant of Erdoğan http://www.gagrule.net/turkey-the-alleged-coup-leaders-two-star-general-close-confidant-of-erdogan Gagrule 30 July 2016 28 July 2016Shaheen Kareem Military coup was well planned and very nearly succeeded, say Turkish officials https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jul/18/military-coup-was-well-planned-and-very-nearly-succeeded-say-turkish-officials The Guardian 30 July 2016 18 July 2016 Possible government motives Several social media users have compared the coup attempt to the Reichstag fire in 1933, which Adolf Hitler used as an excuse to suspend civil liberties and order mass arrests of his opponents. Politico correspondent Ryan Heath said that "the coup was staged to allow Erdoğan to purge the military of opponents and increase his grip on the country".Lusher, Adam https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/turkey-coup-conspiracy-theory-erdogan-military-gift-from-god-soldiers-istanbul-a7140516.html Turkey coup: Conspiracy theorists claim Erdoğan faked attempt The Independent 17 July 2016 Heath used Twitter to share comments from his Turkish source, who called the events of Friday night a "fake coup" which would help a "fake democracy warrior" (referring to Erdoğan). The source said: "Probably we'll see an early election [in] which he'll try to guarantee an unbelievable majority of the votes. And this will probably guarantee another 10–15 years of authoritarian, elected dictatorship." The New York Times reported that some Turkish citizens believed the coup attempt was staged by Erdoğan to improve his public image and popularity, while cracking down on political opponents and expanding his power.Arango, Tim Yeginsujuly, Ceylan https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/17/world/europe/as-the-coup-in-turkey-unfolded-the-whole-night-felt-like-doomsday.html?ref=world&_r=0 As Turkey Coup Unfolded, 'the Whole Night Felt Like Doomsday' The New York Times 16 July 2016 17 July 2016 Critics found it suspect that reportedly no government officials were arrested or harmed during the attempted coup, which—among other factors—raised the suspicion of a false flag event staged by the Turkish government to crack down on opposition parties.Critics Raise False Flag After Failed Military Coup In Turkey Vocativ http://www.vocativ.com/341593/critics-raise-false-flag-after-failed-military-coup-in-turkey/ 16 July 2016 16 July 2016 Fontanella-Khan Amana Fethullah Gülen: Turkey coup may have been 'staged' by Erdoğan regime https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jul/16/fethullah-gulen-turkey-coup-erdogan 16 July 2016 The Guardian 16 July 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160716221649/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jul/16/fethullah-gulen-turkey-coup-erdogan 16 July 2016 Saylorsburg, Pennsylvania liveTurkey coup: Conspiracy theorists claim attempt was faked by Erdoğan https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/turkey-coup-conspiracy-theory-erdogan-military-gift-from-god-soldiers-istanbul-a7140516.html The Independent Social media users claim Erdoğan will use the attempted coup in the same way Hitler used the Reichstag Fire to suppress all opposition. 16 July 2016 Those in Turkey suggesting that the coup was staged are also being questioned by the government.https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/turkey-coup-attempt-turkish-authorities-hoax-claims-president-erdogan-latest-news-a7154411.html Turkey Coup: Authorities investigate those claiming attempted takeover was a hoax Harry Cockburn Independent 25 July 2016 25 July 2016 Politicians and journalists who were skeptical of the authenticity of the coup plot said that in reality, a 'civil coup' had effectively been staged against the Armed Forces and Judiciary, both of which were extensively purged of stated Gülen supporters by the government shortly after the events. Skeptics said that the coup would be used as an excuse for further erosion of judicial independence and a crackdown on the opposition, giving the AKP greater and unstoppable power over all state institutions and paving the way for a more radical Islamist agenda at odds with the founding principles of the Turkish Republic.Şu ana kadar okuduğum en anlaşılabilir, en net darbe yorumu http://biliyomuydun.com/su-ana-kadar-okudugum biliyomuydun.com 17 July 2016 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20160720030900/http://biliyomuydun.com/su-ana-kadar-okudugum/ 20 July 2016 Justice Minister Bekir Bozdağ said in late July 2016 that Turkish social media users who said the government was staging the coup faced investigation: "Just look at the people who are saying on social media that this was theatre. Public prosecutors are already investigating them. Most of them are losers who think it is an honor to die for Fethullah Gülen's command."The Independent, Turkey Coup: Authorities investigate those claiming attempted takeover was a hoax On 12 July 2017, Stockholm Center for Freedom, a monitoring group with reported links to the Gülen movement, published a controversial report stating that President Erdoğan orchestrated the coup bid as a false flag to consolidate his powers, set up his opposition for a mass persecution, and push Turkish Armed Forces into a military incursion into Syria. According to the report, it uncovered new evidence from 11 July 2016, four days before the planned coup bid, that a secret plan was circulated among select group of Armed Forces to give an appearance of a coup attempt. The plan was sanctioned by intelligence and military chiefs with the approval of Erdoğan.http://stockholmcf.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/15_July_Erdogans_Coup_13.07.2017.pdf Erdogan's Coup in Turkey Stockholmcf.org 4 December 2021 Allegations of CIA involvement In early November 2017, Turkish authorities issued an arrest warrant for Henri J. Barkey tr, former Director of the Middle East Program of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, stating that he is an agent of the United States Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), that he was present in Istanbul during the 2016 Turkish coup attempt, and that he was one of the key organizers behind the coup attempt. Around 1 December, the Istanbul prosecutor's office issued an arrest warrant for Graham E. Fuller, an American author and political analyst specializing in Islamic extremism after a long CIA career and holding the role of vice-chair of the United States National Intelligence Council. The prosecutor's office based the warrant on suspicion of Fuller helping to plan the coup attempt. Hürriyet stated that Turkish authorities believed that they had traced Fuller's location before the attempted coup and afterward when he left Turkey. Barkey denied his reported role in the coup, describing the claims as "so ludicrous that they do not even deserve the term 'science fiction'." See also Politics Turkey Politics of Turkey History of Turkish coups Deep state in Turkey The Imam's Army List of coups and coup attempts since 2010 List of modern conflicts in the Middle East List of attacks on legislatures References The Counter-Coup in Turkey The New York Times 16 July 2016 https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/16/opinion/the-counter-coup-in-turkey.html 16 July 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160716175951/http://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/16/opinion/the-counter-coup-in-turkey.html 16 July 2016 live Can Sezer David Dolan Raissa Kasolowsky Turkey blocks access to WikiLeaks after ruling party email dump Reuters 20 July 2016 https://www.reuters.com/article/us-turkey-security-wikileaks-idUSKCN1000H1 21 July 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160721002817/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-turkey-security-wikileaks-idUSKCN1000H1 21 July 2016 live Dexter Filkins Turkey's Thirty-Year Coup The New Yorker 17 October 2016 https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/10/17/turkeys-thirty-year-coup 13 December 2016 Yackley Ayla Jean Turkey demands news as Zarrab drops off radar 16 November 2017 Al-Monitor https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2017/11/turkey-demands-info-reza-zarrab.html 1 December 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20171123005220/https://al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2017/11/turkey-demands-info-reza-zarrab.html 23 November 2017 dead dmy-all Turkey seeks arrest of ex-CIA officer over suspected coup links: Hurriyet 1 December 2017 Thomson Reuters https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-turkey-security/turkey-seeks-arrest-of-ex-cia-officer-over-suspected-coup-links-hurriyet-idUSKBN1DV54W 1 December 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20171201163934/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-turkey-security/turkey-seeks-arrest-of-ex-cia-officer-over-suspected-coup-links-hurriyet-idUSKBN1DV54W 1 December 2017 live dmy-all Borger Julian The Guardian Two more arrests as FBI investigates 'bomb plot' https://www.theguardian.com/world/2000/jan/05/julianborger 5 January 2000 20 May 2009 https://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/middle_east/jan-june99/kurds_2-17.html The Kurdish Question (transcript) PBS NewsHour With Jim Lehrer 17 February 1999 20 May 2009 1 October 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20131001061831/http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/middle_east/jan-june99/kurds_2-17.html dead Betts Richard K. Enemies of Intelligence: Knowledge and Power in American National Security Columbia University Press 2009 90 978-0-231-13889-5 Further reading Solomonovich Nadav "Democracy and National Unity Day" in Turkey: the invention of a new national holiday New Perspectives on Turkey May 2021 64 55–80 10.1017/npt.2020.33 234305231 free https://uofupress.lib.utah.edu/turkeys-july-15th-coup/ M Hakan Yavuz & Bayram Balci 2018 Turkey's July 15th Coup: What Happened and Why Utah Series in Middle East Studies University of Utah Press 978-1-60781-606-5 5 December 2021 25 March 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20211205085605/https://uofupress.lib.utah.edu/turkeys-july-15th-coup/ dead External links Updates at BBC News Updates at The Telegraph Updates at CNN Updates at Al Jazeera Updates at The Wall Street Journal Updates at The New York Times "July 15: A Night of Defiance" https://web.archive.org/web/20170717222803/http://www.trtworld.com/july15/ 17 July 2017 . TRT World. "The changing milestone in Turkey-EU relations: The July 15 Turkish Coup D'etat Attempt" Küresel Siyaset Category:2010s coups d'état Category:2010s crimes in Istanbul Category:2010s in Ankara Category:2016 building bombings Category:2016 crimes in Turkey Category:2016 in Istanbul Category:2016 in Turkey Category:2016 in Turkish politics Category:Atatürk Airport Category:Attacks on air bases Category:Attacks on airports in Turkey Category:Attacks on government buildings and structures in Turkey Category:Attacks on legislatures in Asia Category:Attacks on legislatures in Europe Category:Attacks on military installations in 2016 Category:Attacks on military installations in Turkey Category:Attacks on official residences Category:Attempted coups d'état in Turkey Category:Building bombings in Ankara Category:2016 conflicts Category:Democratic backsliding in Turkey Category:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan controversies Category:Gülen movement Category:Human rights abuses in Turkey Category:July 2016 in Turkey Category:Failed assassination attempts in Turkey