1988 Giro d'Italia

1988 Giro d'Italia 1988 Giro d'Italia route.svg Map of the 1988 Giro d'Italia route, from Urbino to Vittorio Veneto(stage courses in red, and connections between host towns in green) 350px 23 May – 12 June 1988 21, including two split stages 3579 km 97h 18' 56" Andrew Hampsten USA pink MOT 1988 Erik Breukink NED Panasonic 1988 Urs Zimmermann SUI CAR 1988 Johan van der Velde NED violet Gisgelati–Ecoflam Andrew Hampsten USA green MOT 1988 Stefano Tomasini ITA white Fanini–Seven Up Andrew Hampsten USA MOT 1988 blue Alessio Di Basco ITA Fanini–Seven Up CAR 1988 1987 1989 The 1988 Giro d'Italia was the 71st running of the Giro d'Italia, one of cycling's Grand Tour races. The race started in Urbino, on 23 May, with a 9 km 1 on individual time trial and concluded in Vittorio Veneto, on 12 June, with a 43 km 1 on individual time trial. A total of 180 riders from 20 teams entered the 21-stage race, which was won by American Andrew Hampsten of the MOT 1988 team. The second and third places were taken by Dutchman Erik Breukink and Swiss Urs Zimmermann, respectively. It was the third time – and second successive year – in the history of the Giro that the podium was occupied solely by non-Italian riders. In the first half of the race, the overall classification had been headed for several days by Massimo Podenzana. He had participated in a breakaway during stage 4a, which won him sufficient time to hold the race leader's maglia rosa (en pink jersey) for more than a week. Franco Chioccioli then wore the pink jersey for two stages before Hampsten took the general classification lead after the fourteenth stage. The fourteenth stage of the 1988 Giro, conducted in adverse weather including a snowstorm, has been recognized as an iconic event in the history of the Giro. After this stage, Hampsten began to build up a solid two-minute barrier against the second-placed rider, Breukink. This gap was sufficient to win Hampsten the race, despite losing around twenty seconds in the final two stages. Hampsten became the first American, and non-European, to win the Giro. He also won the secondary mountains and combination classifications, as well as the special sprints classification. In the other classifications, Fanini–Seven Up rider Stefano Tomasini of Italy placed ninth overall to finish as the best neo-professional in the general classification, Johan van der Velde of the Gisgelati–Ecoflam team was the winner of the points classification, and CAR 1988 finished as the winners of the team classification. Teams right|thumb|The courtyard of the Ducal Palace in Urbino hosted the team presentation ceremony on 22 May.|alt=The courtyard of a stone building. List of teams and cyclists in the 1988 Giro d'Italia Twenty teams were invited by the race organizers to participate in the 1988 edition of the Giro d'Italia,Dzierzak 2007 121 twelve of which were based outside of Italy.http://bikeraceinfo.com/giro/giro1988.html 1988 Giro d'Italia Bike Race Info Dog Ear Publishing McGann Bill McGann Carol 13 July 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20140530141934/http://bikeraceinfo.com/giro/giro1988.html 30 May 2014 live Gian Paolo Ormezzano http://www.archiviolastampa.it/component/option,com_lastampa/task,search/mod,libera/action,viewer/Itemid,3/page,27/articleid,0957_01_1988_0052_0031_12954346/ Un Giro di montagne e di campagne it 6 March 1988 27 La Stampa Editrice La Stampa 27 May 2012 A Tour of mountains and countryside Each team sent a squad of nine riders, which meant that the race started with a peloton of 180 cyclists.Dzierzak 2007 121http://hemeroteca-paginas.mundodeportivo.com/EMD01/HEM/1988/05/23/MD19880523-062.pdf El la Nave Va ... es 23 May 1988 62 El Mundo Deportivo El Mundo Deportivo S.A. 27 May 2012 The Ship Will ... https://web.archive.org/web/20140112040144/http://hemeroteca.mundodeportivo.com/preview/1988/05/23/pagina-62/1178805/pdf.html 12 January 2014 live In total, 82 of the starters were foreign, while the remaining 98 were Italian.http://doc.rero.ch/record/197635/files/1988-05-21.pdf Deux Suisses parmi les favoris Two Swiss Favorites fr Nouvelliste et Feuille d'Avis du Valais 21 May 1988 19 https://web.archive.org/web/20191025041411/http://doc.rero.ch/record/197635/files/1988-05-21.pdf 25 October 2019 live RERO Aside from Italy, Switzerland (17), Spain (12), and the Netherlands (11) all had more than 10 riders.Giro d'Italia – 1988 Riders per nation https://www.procyclingstats.com/race/giro-d-italia/1988/gc/startlist/riders-per-nation ProCyclingStats https://web.archive.org/web/20200501152433/https://www.procyclingstats.com/race/giro-d-italia/1988/gc/startlist/riders-per-nation 1 May 2020 13 October 2016 Of those starting, 54 were riding the Giro d'Italia for the first time.Giro d'Italia – 1988 Debutants https://www.procyclingstats.com/race/giro-d-italia/1988/gc/startlist/debutants ProCyclingStats https://web.archive.org/web/20200501152324/https://www.procyclingstats.com/race/giro-d-italia/1988/gc/startlist/debutants 1 May 2020 13 October 2016 The average age of riders was 26.94 years,Giro d'Italia – 1988 Peloton averages https://www.procyclingstats.com/race/giro-d-italia/1988/gc/startlist/general-peloton-averages ProCyclingStats https://web.archive.org/web/20200501152021/https://www.procyclingstats.com/race/giro-d-italia/1988/gc/startlist/general-peloton-averages 1 May 2020 13 October 2016 ranging from 21–year–old Angelo Lecchi from Del Tongo–Colnago to 37–year–old Pierino Gavazzi of Fanini–Seven Up.Giro d'Italia – 1988 Oldest competitors https://www.procyclingstats.com/race/giro-d-italia/1988/gc/startlist/oldest-competitors ProCyclingStats https://web.archive.org/web/20200501152157/https://www.procyclingstats.com/race/giro-d-italia/1988/gc/startlist/oldest-competitors 1 May 2020 13 October 2016 The team with the youngest average rider age was Selca–Ciclolinea (25), while the oldest was Panasonic 1988 (29).Giro d'Italia – 1988 Average team age https://www.procyclingstats.com/race/giro-d-italia/1988/gc/startlist/average-team-age ProCyclingStats https://web.archive.org/web/20200501152801/https://www.procyclingstats.com/race/giro-d-italia/1988/gc/startlist/average-team-age 1 May 2020 13 October 2016 The presentation of the teams – where each team's roster and manager were introduced in front of the media and local dignitaries – took place on 22 May, in the courtyard of the Ducal Palace in Urbino. From the riders that began the race, 125 made it to the finish in Vittorio Veneto. The teams entering the race were:https://archivio.unita.news/assets/main/1988/05/16/page_028.pdf I leader delle venti squadre it 16 May 1988 28 l'Unità PCI 27 May 2012 The leaders of the twenty teams https://web.archive.org/web/20190502052900/https://archivio.unita.news/assets/main/1988/05/16/page_028.pdf 2 May 2019 22em Alba Cucine–Benotto Alfa Lum–Legnano Atala–Ofmega CAR 1988 Ceramiche Ariostea Chateau d'Ax 1988 Cyndarella–Isotonic Del Tongo–Colnago Fanini–Seven Up Gewiss–Bianchi Gisgelati–Ecoflam Isoglass–Galli Malvor–Bottecchia Panasonic 1988 PDM 1988 Reynolds Selca–Ciclolinea MOT 1988 LVC 1988 Tokke Zahor Pre-race favorites left|thumb|alt=A man riding a bike in a cycling jersey.|Spanish rider Pedro Delgado (pictured here on the Tour de France in 1993) was seen as a contender for the overall race. The starting peloton did not include the 1987 winner, Stephen Roche, who was sidelined for the majority of the 1988 season with a knee injury.Gino Sala https://archivio.unita.news/assets/main/1988/05/23/page_025.pdf Ma al Giro mancheranno gli italiani it 23 May 1988 25 l'Unità PCI 27 May 2012 However Italians will miss the Giro https://web.archive.org/web/20190502053156/https://archivio.unita.news/assets/main/1988/05/23/page_025.pdf 2 May 2019 live l'Unità writer Gino Sala, author Bill McGann and an El Mundo Deportivo writer named several riders as contenders for the overall classification, including Andrew Hampsten, Urs Zimmermann, Erik Breukink, Franco Chioccioli, and Pedro Delgado. Sala believed Jean-François Bernard came into the Giro in great shape and that the French rider could win the race if he could do well in the time trials and the mountains. In addition, Bernard Hinault told Sala that if Jean Francois could do well in this edition of the Giro, he could one day lead a team in the Tour de France. Former Giro champion Gianni Motta thought Hampsten would win because of the effort he was expected to make on the Gavia Pass stage.Hildenbrand 2008 80 Motta believed that Hampsten would excel there, while the Italian riders – the majority of the peloton – would not because they did not realize its difficulty and thought the Gavia was "just another climb".Hildenbrand 2008 80Phinney Murphy 2011 171 The 1986 Tour de France winner Greg LeMond entered the race with his PDM 1988 squad, after a break from cycling due to injuries sustained in a hunting accident. Due to this, Sala did not see him as a front-runner for the overall victory. Swiss rider Tony Rominger also partook in the race and was considered by McGann and Sala as a dark-horse candidate for the victory after experiencing success at the beginning of his season. Guido Bontempi was seen by Sala as a favorite to win a couple of stages. Before he injured his right knee earlier in the season during the Tour de Romandie, many newspapers also believed Moreno Argentin to be a favorite to take several stages.Curzio Maltese http://www.archiviolastampa.it/component/option,com_lastampa/task,search/mod,libera/action,viewer/Itemid,3/page,28/articleid,0959_02_1988_0126_0028_25013186/anews,true/ Visentini contro gli stranieri it 23 May 1988 28 Stampa Sera Editrice La Stampa 27 May 2012 Visentini against foreigners Stampa Sera (newspaper) Stampa Sera yes it Stampa Sera writer Curzio Maltese believed that Flavio Giupponi could take one of the stages containing many categorized climbs which award mountains classification points, if properly supported by his team Del Tongo–Colnago. During the presentation of the teams, the riders were asked to choose their top picks for the overall victory. Roberto Visentini garnered the most votes from his fellow riders, but Delgado, Hampsten and LeMond also received many votes. Many media outlets felt that the overall victory would likely go to a non-Italian rider due to the lack of Italian general classification competitors, but that Visentini had the best chance of winning out of competing Italians. Route and stages right|thumb|Campitello Matese hosted the end of the 137 km 0 on on sixth stage and the start of the 178 km 0 on on seventh stage.|alt=A mountain in the distance. The route for the 1988 edition of the Giro d'Italia was revealed to the public on television by head organizer Vincenzo Torriani, on 5 March 1988.https://archivio.unita.news/assets/main/1988/03/06/page_028.pdf Il Giro più alto con 30 montagne it 6 March 1988 28 l'Unità PCI 27 May 2012 Corsa da «un uomo solo al comando» Gino Sala https://web.archive.org/web/20191023204748/https://archivio.unita.news/assets/main/1988/03/06/page_028.pdf 23 October 2019 live http://hemeroteca-paginas.mundodeportivo.com/EMD01/HEM/1988/03/06/MD19880306-044.pdf Run from "a man alone in command" es 6 March 1988 44 El Mundo Deportivo El Mundo Deportivo S.A. 27 May 2012 Lemond, Hampsten Alcala, Face Italians https://web.archive.org/web/20140518190611/http://hemeroteca-paginas.mundodeportivo.com/EMD01/HEM/1988/03/06/MD19880306-044.pdf 18 May 2014 live It contained four time trial events, three of which were individual and one a team event. The race organizers hoped that the number of time trials, including one on the last day, would keep the race hotly contested to the end. There were fifteen stages containing thirty categorized climbs, of which four had summit finishes: stage 6, to Campitello Matese;http://hemeroteca-paginas.mundodeportivo.com/EMD01/HEM/1988/05/28/MD19880528-037.pdf Visentini: "Los Problemas de Roche No me Interesan" es 28 May 1988 37 El Mundo Deportivo El Mundo Deportivo S.A. 27 May 2012 Visentini: "I'm not interested in Roche problems" https://web.archive.org/web/20140518185913/http://hemeroteca-paginas.mundodeportivo.com/EMD01/HEM/1988/05/28/MD19880528-037.pdf 18 May 2014 live stage 12, to Selvino;Dzierzak 2007 121http://hemeroteca-paginas.mundodeportivo.com/EMD01/HEM/1988/06/03/MD19880603-040.pdf Una Semana Para No Dormir es 3 June 1988 40 El Mundo Deportivo El Mundo Deportivo S.A. 27 May 2012 A Week To Keep You Awake https://web.archive.org/web/20140518135527/http://hemeroteca-paginas.mundodeportivo.com/EMD01/HEM/1988/06/03/MD19880603-040.pdf 18 May 2014 live stage 13, to Chiesa in Valmalenco;http://hemeroteca-paginas.mundodeportivo.com/EMD01/HEM/1988/06/04/MD19880604-039.pdf Don Vicenzo, A Su Aire es 4 June 1988 39 El Mundo Deportivo El Mundo Deportivo S.A. 27 May 2012 Don Vincenzo, Your Air https://web.archive.org/web/20140518134401/http://hemeroteca-paginas.mundodeportivo.com/EMD01/HEM/1988/06/04/MD19880604-039.pdf 18 May 2014 live and stage 15, to the Merano 2000 mountain.http://hemeroteca-paginas.mundodeportivo.com/EMD01/HEM/1988/06/06/MD19880606-047.pdf El Gavia Escribe La Historia es 6 June 1988 47 El Mundo Deportivo El Mundo Deportivo S.A. 27 May 2012 The Gavia Writes History https://web.archive.org/web/20140518134623/http://hemeroteca-paginas.mundodeportivo.com/EMD01/HEM/1988/06/06/MD19880606-047.pdf 18 May 2014 live Gian Paolo Ormezzano http://www.archiviolastampa.it/component/option,com_lastampa/task,search/mod,libera/action,viewer/Itemid,3/page,21/articleid,0959_02_1988_0126_0021_25012922/anews,true/ Il divino Moser: <<Giro terrible per il ciclismo italiano in crisi>> it 23 May 1988 21 La Stampa Editrice La Stampa 27 May 2012 The divine Moser: << Giro terrible for cycling in Italian crisis >>https://archivio.unita.news/assets/main/1988/05/16/page_024.pdf Il Giro più alto con 30 montagne it 16 May 1988 24 l'Unità PCI 27 May 2012 The Giro highest with 30 mountains https://web.archive.org/web/20190502053309/https://archivio.unita.news/assets/main/1988/05/16/page_024.pdf 2 May 2019 Another stage with a mountain-top finish was stage 18, which consisted of a climbing time trial to Valico del Vetriolo.Dzierzak 2007 123http://hemeroteca-paginas.mundodeportivo.com/EMD01/HEM/1988/06/09/MD19880609-042.pdf Volvio La Ley Del "Sprinter" es 9 June 1988 42 El Mundo Deportivo El Mundo Deportivo S.A. 27 May 2012 Law of returned Sprinter https://web.archive.org/web/20140518121003/http://hemeroteca-paginas.mundodeportivo.com/EMD01/HEM/1988/06/09/MD19880609-042.pdf 18 May 2014 live The organizers chose to not include any rest days. When compared to the previous year's race, the race was 336 km 0 on shorter, contained one fewer rest day and individual time trial, and lacked a prologue.http://bikeraceinfo.com/giro/giro1987.html 1987 Giro d'Italia Bike Race Info Dog Ear Publishing Bill and Carol McGann 6 August 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20140715050134/http://bikeraceinfo.com/giro/giro1987.html 15 July 2014 live In addition, this race contained one fewer stage, but one more set of half stages. The race was televised in parts of Europe by Italy's national public broadcasting service, RAI.Luis Gómez http://elpais.com/diario/1988/06/12/deportes/582069616_850215.html Hampsten se apresta a ser el primer norteamericano ganador del Giro es 12 June 1988 El País Ediciones El País 27 May 2012 Hampsten is poised to become the first American winner of the Giro https://web.archive.org/web/20150402155756/http://elpais.com/diario/1988/06/12/deportes/582069616_850215.html 2 April 2015 live The eleventh stage between Parma and Colle Don Bosco was cancelled due to protests near the finish line.http://hemeroteca-paginas.mundodeportivo.com/EMD01/HEM/1988/06/03/MD19880603-039.pdf Una Etapa Para Nada es 3 June 1988 39 El Mundo Deportivo El Mundo Deportivo S.A. 27 May 2012 A Stage For Nothing https://web.archive.org/web/20140518135237/http://hemeroteca-paginas.mundodeportivo.com/EMD01/HEM/1988/06/03/MD19880603-039.pdf 18 May 2014 live The fifteenth stage was originally intended to be 132 km 1 on and to start in Bormio. However, due to very poor weather conditions, the start was moved to Spondigna and the stage was shortened to 83 km 1 on.Dzierzak 2007 123John Wilcockson http://velonews.competitor.com/2008/05/road/andy-hampsten-and-the-1988-pink-jersey-part-2_76646 Andy Hampsten and the 1988 Pink Jersey: Part 2 26 May 2008 1 VeloNews Competitor Group, Inc 14 August 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20140518134902/http://velonews.competitor.com/2008/05/news/road/andy-hampsten-and-the-1988-pink-jersey-part-2_76646 18 May 2014 live The route originally had the riders crossing the Stelvio Pass, but it was skipped due to snowdrifts that had developed on the roads. Excluding the finish on the Merano 2000, the stage was relatively flat after the adjustments. In previous years, the organizers had made the race easier for the Italian favorites by including fewer hard climbs. With the absence of Italian Francesco Moser from this edition, the race organizers included many famous and difficult climbs, such as the Gavia Pass.https://www.si.com/more-sports/2013/05/10/andy-hampsten-1988-giro-ditalia During a snowy stage of the '88 Giro, Andy Hampsten rode into history Austin Murphy 13 May 2013 Sports Illustrated Time Inc. 15 July 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20140112043438/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/more/news/20130510/andy-hampsten-1988-giro-ditalia/ 12 January 2014 live Moser himself stated that the route contained many difficult climbs and was not helping Italian cycling to prosper at a time when he believed it to be ailing. When asked about the route for the 1988 edition, MOT 1988 rider Bob Roll said "Those sons of bitches put every mountain they could find in the race that year." Three-time winner Gino Bartali also believed the route to be very difficult and in favor of non-Italian competitors. Gino Sala also felt the route was harsher than in years past and that the team time trial could influence the overall classification greatly.Gino Sala https://archivio.unita.news/assets/main/1988/03/06/page_028.pdf Corsa da (un uomo solo al comando) it 6 March 1988 28 l'Unità PCI 27 May 2012 Route of (a man in command) https://web.archive.org/web/20190502053437/https://archivio.unita.news/assets/main/1988/03/06/page_028.pdf 2 May 2019 La Stampa writer Gian Paolo Ormezzano praised the route saying it was beautiful and well crafted but contained one flaw, in that the race did not finish in any major Italian city. He also expressed his delight with the uphill time trial to Valico del Vetriolo as well as the inclusion of the Stelvio, Rombo and Gavia mountain passes. + Stage characteristics and winners Stage Date Course Distance Type Winner123 MayUrbino 9 km 0 on22px|link=|alt=Individual time trialJean-François Bernard FRA224 MayUrbino to Ascoli Piceno 230 km 0 on 22px|link=|alt=Stage with mountain(s)Guido Bontempi ITA325 MayAscoli Piceno to Vasto 184 km 0 on 22px|link=|alt=Stage with mountain(s)Stephan Joho SUI4a26 MayVasto to Rodi Garganico 123 km 0 on 22px|link=|alt=Plain stageMassimo Podenzana ITA4bRodi Garganico to Vieste 40 km 0 on22px|link=|alt=Team time trialDel Tongo–Colnago527 MayVieste to Santa Maria Capua Vetere 260 km 0 on 22px|link=|alt=Stage with mountain(s)Guido Bontempi ITA628 MaySanta Maria Capua Vetere to Campitello Matese 137 km 0 on 22px|link=|alt=Stage with mountain(s)Franco Chioccioli ITA729 MayCampitello Matese to Avezzano 178 km 0 on 22px|link=|alt=Stage with mountain(s)Andreas Kappes FRG830 MayAvezzano to Chianciano Terme 251 km 0 on 22px|link=|alt=Stage with mountain(s)Jean-François Bernard FRA931 MayPienza to Marina di Massa 235 km 0 on 22px|link=|alt=Plain stageAlessio Di Basco ITA101 JuneCarrara to Salsomaggiore Terme 190 km 0 on 22px|link=|alt=Stage with mountain(s)Paolo Rosola ITA112 JuneParma to Colle Don Bosco 229 km 0 on 22px|link=|alt=Plain stage Stage Cancelled123 JuneNovara to Selvino 205 km 0 on 22px|link=|alt=Stage with mountain(s)Andrew Hampsten USA134 JuneBergamo to Chiesa in Valmalenco 129 km 0 on 22px|link=|alt=Stage with mountain(s)Tony Rominger SUI145 JuneChiesa in Valmalenco to Bormio 120 km 0 on 22px|link=|alt=Stage with mountain(s)Erik Breukink NED156 JuneSpondigna to Merano 2000 83 km 0 on 22px|link=|alt=Stage with mountain(s)Jean-François Bernard FRA167 JuneMerano to Innsbruck (Austria) 176 km 0 on 22px|link=|alt=Stage with mountain(s)Franco Vona ITA178 JuneInnsbruck (Austria) to Borgo Valsugana 221 km 0 on 22px|link=|alt=Stage with mountain(s)Patrizio Gambirasio ITA189 JuneLevico Terme to Valico del Vetriolo 18 km 0 on22px|link=|alt=Individual time trialAndrew Hampsten USA1910 JuneBorgo Valsugana to Arta Terme 223 km 0 on 22px|link=|alt=Stage with mountain(s)Stefano Giuliani ITA2011 JuneArta Terme to Lido di Jesolo 212 km 0 on 22px|link=|alt=Plain stageAlessio Di Basco ITARosola N Paolo Rosola was the original winner of stage 20 but was later disqualified.http://hemeroteca-paginas.mundodeportivo.com/EMD01/HEM/1988/06/12/MD19880612-035.pdf Rosola Subio Al Podio, Pero Di Basco Se Anoto La Etapa es 12 June 1988 35 El Mundo Deportivo El Mundo Deportivo S.A. 27 May 2012 Rosola took the podium, but stage to Di Basco https://web.archive.org/web/20160304205038/http://hemeroteca-paginas.mundodeportivo.com/EMD01/HEM/1988/06/12/MD19880612-035.pdf 4 March 2016 live 21a12 JuneLido di Jesolo to Vittorio Veneto 73 km 0 on 22px|link=|alt=Plain stageUrs Freuler SUI21bVittorio Veneto to Vittorio Veneto 43 km 0 on22px|link=|alt=Individual time trialLech Piasecki POL Total 3579 km 0 on Race overview left|thumb|upright|alt=A man wearing a red, white, and blue cycling uniform while crossing his arms.|LVC 1988's Jean-François Bernard shown wearing his team jersey, the design of which drew on the artwork of Piet Mondrian.Moore Benson 2012 184–185 The Giro began with a 9 km 1 on time trial in the city of Urbino, which was won by Jean-François Bernard with a three-second margin over Tony Rominger.http://hemeroteca-paginas.mundodeportivo.com/EMD01/HEM/1988/05/24/MD19880524-041.pdf Bernard: Quien Da Primero ... es 24 May 1988 41 El Mundo Deportivo El Mundo Deportivo S.A. 27 May 2012 Bernard: Who Gives First ... https://web.archive.org/web/20140505124956/http://hemeroteca-paginas.mundodeportivo.com/EMD01/HEM/1988/05/24/MD19880524-041.pdf 5 May 2014 live Guido Bontempi won the second stage and moved to third overall, while Bernard gained a five-second buffer over the second-placed rider, Rominger.http://hemeroteca-paginas.mundodeportivo.com/EMD01/HEM/1988/05/25/MD19880525-038.pdf Bontempi: Tipicamente Italiano es 25 May 1988 38 El Mundo Deportivo El Mundo Deportivo S.A. 27 May 2012 Bontempi: Typically Italian https://web.archive.org/web/20140505073251/http://hemeroteca-paginas.mundodeportivo.com/EMD01/HEM/1988/05/25/MD19880525-038.pdf 5 May 2014 live In stage 4a, Massimo Podenzana soloed to victory in Rodi Garganico, five minutes ahead of the second-place finisher.http://hemeroteca-paginas.mundodeportivo.com/EMD01/HEM/1988/05/27/MD19880527-036.pdf Pondenza: Un Hombre de Paja Vestido de Rosa es 27 May 1988 36 El Mundo Deportivo El Mundo Deportivo S.A. 27 May 2012 Pondenza: A Man of Straw Pink Dress https://web.archive.org/web/20150402180949/http://hemeroteca-paginas.mundodeportivo.com/EMD01/HEM/1988/05/27/MD19880527-036.pdf 2 April 2015 live This victory and the respective time bonus allowed Podenzana to gain the maglia rosa, which he held until stage 12. Stage 4b was a 40 km 1 on team time trial won by Del Tongo–Colnago, eleven seconds ahead of CAR 1988. Podenzana's lead shrunk to a little over two minutes after his team, Atala–Ofmega, finished two minutes and thirty-six seconds behind Del Tongo–Colnago. The eleventh stage was run without problems until the final mile, when environmentalist protestors occupied the finish line and forced the annulment of the stage. The protestors were upset with a nearby factory, owned by chemical manufacturer Montedison, which the protestors claimed had been polluting the Bormida river.Fulvio Lavina http://www.archiviolastampa.it/component/option,com_lastampa/task,search/mod,libera/action,viewer/Itemid,3/page,1/articleid,0960_01_1988_0116_0038_13014775/ Bormio, proteste al Giro it 3 June 1988 38 La Stampa Editrice La Stampa 27 May 2012 Bormio, protests the Tour The next stage was marked by the appearance of the major mountains and by Pondenzana conceding the maglia rosa to Franco Chioccioli. The ensuing stages saw the general classification shift more frequently due to the intensity of the mountains and fatigue.http://hemeroteca-paginas.mundodeportivo.com/EMD01/HEM/1988/06/04/MD19880604-038.pdf Delgado Se Dejo Ver es 4 June 1988 38 El Mundo Deportivo El Mundo Deportivo S.A. 27 May 2012 Delgado showed himself https://web.archive.org/web/20150402122901/http://hemeroteca-paginas.mundodeportivo.com/EMD01/HEM/1988/06/04/MD19880604-038.pdf 2 April 2015 live The fourteenth stage was memorable for its extreme weather, most notably on the final climb of the Gavia Pass.John Wilcockson http://velonews.competitor.com/2008/05/road/andy-hampsten-and-the-1988-pink-jersey-part-1_76639 Andy Hampsten and the 1988 Pink Jersey: Part 1 26 May 2008 1 VeloNews Competitor Group, Inc 11 August 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20140427190031/http://velonews.competitor.com/2008/05/news/road/andy-hampsten-and-the-1988-pink-jersey-part-1_76639 27 April 2014 live http://www.cyclingnews.com/features/giro-ditalia-anglophone-invasion Giro d'Italia: Anglophone Invasion Peter Hymas 4 May 2011 Cycling News Future Publishing Limited 13 July 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20140516102639/http://www.cyclingnews.com/features/giro-ditalia-anglophone-invasion 16 May 2014 live Overnight, a large amount of snow had accumulated on the Gavia, but the roads were cleared in time for the riders.Dzierzak 2007 122Phinney Murphy 2011 172 Despite the cold and adverse weather forecast, the patron, Vincenzo Torriani, decided to go ahead with the stage.Dzierzak 2007 122Phinney Murphy 2011 172 As snow fell on the riders climbing the muddy roads of the Gavia, Hampsten attacked at the base of the mountain but was chased by Erik Breukink, who eventually caught up and passed the American with 7 km mi in to go. Although Breukink won the stage, Hampsten made the bigger story by becoming the first American to don the maglia rosa in the history of the Giro d'Italia.http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/road/2008/giro08/?id=/riders/2008/interviews/giro_hampsten08 Cold comfort: Hampsten's day on the Gavia Jason Sumner 29 May 2008 Cycling News Future Publishing Limited 13 July 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20140726191559/http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/road/2008/giro08/?id=/riders/2008/interviews/giro_hampsten08 26 July 2014 live Phinney Murphy 2011 176 Conditions were so bad that one rider, Toshiba–Look's Dominique Gaigne, had to be carried on his bike into a shelter as his hands were frozen gripping the handlebars and former winner Giuseppe Saronni even stopped at a spectator's house and returned with a glass of the Italian liqueur Grappa.https://www.newspapers.com/clip/37407287/ St. Joseph News-Press 1B June 13, 1988 Hampsten climbs to top in Tour of Italy Phil Hersh October 18, 2019 Newspapers.com The start of the fifteenth stage was moved ahead from Bormio to Spondigna, because of snow covering the Stelvio Pass, but the summit finish in Merano was maintained.John Wilcockson http://velonews.competitor.com/2012/05/news/from-the-pages-of-velo-hampstens-giro-i-was-so-happy-to-survive_221346 From the pages of Velo: Hampsten's Giro: 'I was so happy to survive' 27 May 2012 1 VeloNews Competitor Group, Inc 23 June 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20140527062620/http://velonews.competitor.com/2012/05/news/from-the-pages-of-velo-hampstens-giro-i-was-so-happy-to-survive_221346 27 May 2014 live As soon as the climb started, Bernard, Urs Zimmermann and Chioccioli attacked. Bernard eventually shook off the two riders and won the stage, but with minimal time gain.http://hemeroteca-paginas.mundodeportivo.com/EMD01/HEM/1988/06/07/MD19880607-039.pdf Una Raza Especial es 7 June 1988 39 El Mundo Deportivo El Mundo Deportivo S.A. 27 May 2012 A Special Breed https://web.archive.org/web/20140519024437/http://hemeroteca-paginas.mundodeportivo.com/EMD01/HEM/1988/06/07/MD19880607-039.pdf 19 May 2014 live The sixteenth stage was marked by rain – which turned into snow as the peloton rose higher – and by two protests while climbing the Rombo Pass. Near the summit of the last climb, Hampsten and a few others formed an escape group that was eventually caught in the final kilometers. The group raced into Innsbruck, where Franco Vona made a last minute attack that won him the stage. Bernard – who was in sixth place overall at the start of the seventeenth stage – crashed in a tunnel but managed to finish the stage;http://hemeroteca-paginas.mundodeportivo.com/EMD01/HEM/1988/06/09/MD19880609-043.pdf Delgado: "Hoy Ganara Bernard" es 9 June 1988 43 El Mundo Deportivo El Mundo Deportivo S.A. 27 May 2012 Delgado: "Today Bernard Wins" https://web.archive.org/web/20160304123430/http://hemeroteca-paginas.mundodeportivo.com/EMD01/HEM/1988/06/09/MD19880609-043.pdf 4 March 2016 live Mario Fossati http://ricerca.repubblica.it/repubblica/archivio/repubblica/1988/06/09/la-montagna-della-verita.html?ref=search La Montagna Della Verita' it 9 June 1988 22 La Repubblica Gruppo Editoriale L'Espresso 27 May 2012 The Mountain of Truth https://web.archive.org/web/20140712225326/http://ricerca.repubblica.it/repubblica/archivio/repubblica/1988/06/09/la-montagna-della-verita.html?ref=search 12 July 2014 live however, the following day he did not start the leg and withdrew from the race.http://hemeroteca-paginas.mundodeportivo.com/EMD01/HEM/1988/06/10/MD19880610-037.pdf Perico:No Hay Quinto Malo es 10 June 1988 37 El Mundo Deportivo El Mundo Deportivo S.A. 27 May 2012 Perico: None Poor Quinto https://web.archive.org/web/20181031052643/http://hemeroteca-paginas.mundodeportivo.com/EMD01/HEM/1988/06/10/MD19880610-037.pdf 31 October 2018 live right|thumb|alt=An uphill road with writing on it.|The Gavia Pass was the last climb of the famous fourteenth stage before the participants rode into Bormio for the finish. The eighteenth stage, an 18 km 1 on on individual time trial, would prove critical in deciding the overall winner of the Giro.Dzierzak 2007 123 The route started off with 5 km 1 on of flat roads, before the climb to the finish at the Vetriolo Terme ski station in Valico del Vetriolo.John Wilcockson http://velonews.competitor.com/2008/05/road/inside-cycling-andy-hampsten-and-the-1988-pink-jersey-part-3_76769 Inside Cycling: Andy Hampsten and the 1988 pink jersey, part 3 30 May 2008 1 VeloNews Competitor Group, Inc 14 August 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20140519165121/http://velonews.competitor.com/2008/05/news/road/inside-cycling-andy-hampsten-and-the-1988-pink-jersey-part-3_76769 19 May 2014 live Going into the stage, Hampsten led the race by 42 seconds over Breukink, a margin that was increased by a further 32 seconds after the time trial.http://www.cyclingnews.com/features/american-giro-ditalia-stage-winners American Giro d'Italia stage winners Peter Hymas 5 May 2009 Cycling News Future Publishing Limited 13 July 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20140519063953/http://www.cyclingnews.com/features/american-giro-ditalia-stage-winners 19 May 2014 live http://hemeroteca-paginas.mundodeportivo.com/EMD01/HEM/1988/06/10/MD19880610-036.pdf Hampsten Se Aseguro El Triunfo En Un Dia "Loco" es 10 June 1988 36 El Mundo Deportivo El Mundo Deportivo S.A. 27 May 2012 Hampsten Clinched Victory In A "Crazy" Day https://web.archive.org/web/20140519155841/http://hemeroteca-paginas.mundodeportivo.com/EMD01/HEM/1988/06/10/MD19880610-036.pdf 19 May 2014 live The nineteenth stage featured three categorized climbs. Zimmermann attacked on the first, the Duran Pass, but was caught later by Stefano Giuliani who bridged the gap on the descent of the Duran. The two riders rode to the finish together in Arta Terme. Although Giuliani won the stage, Zimmermann moved into second place overall, after gaining over three minutes on the general classification contenders. The twentieth stage came down to a sprint finish, won by Paolo Rosola, who was later disqualified as his teammate, Roberto Pagnin, was found to have pushed him during the sprint. As a result, the second-place finisher, Alessio Di Basco, was awarded the stage victory. The penultimate stage was completely flat and culminated in a bunch sprint, won by Urs Freuler. Hours later, the final stage – a hilly 43 km 1 on individual time trial – took place. The weather conditions were fine for the majority of the riders, but as the general classification contenders were on the course, it began to lightning and rain heavily.Dzierzak 2007 123 There was a tricky descent about 18 km 1 on into the stage, which became more dangerous with the rain and ultimately resulted in the crashes of Giupponi and Zimmerman. The time lost by Zimmermann cost him his second place overall. Lech Piasecki, who rode the course when dry, won the stage by a wide margin.John Wilcockson http://velonews.competitor.com/2008/05/road/hampsten-and-the-1988-pink-jersey-part-4_76790 Hampsten and the 1988 Pink Jersey: Part 4 30 May 2008 1 VeloNews Competitor Group, Inc 14 August 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20140427181558/http://velonews.competitor.com/2008/05/news/road/hampsten-and-the-1988-pink-jersey-part-4_76790 27 April 2014 live Hampsten lost twenty seconds to Breukink, but it did not prevent him from becoming the first American to win the Giro d'Italia.Samuel Abt https://www.nytimes.com/1988/06/13/sports/us-cyclist-captures-tour-of-italy.html U.S. Cyclist Captures Tour of Italy 13 June 1988 The New York Times Associated Press 22 June 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20140310213902/http://www.nytimes.com/1988/06/13/sports/us-cyclist-captures-tour-of-italy.html 10 March 2014 live Renzo Fegatelli http://ricerca.repubblica.it/repubblica/archivio/repubblica/1988/06/14/il-cinema-usa-ama-le-bici.html?ref=search Il Cinema USA Ama Le Bici it 14 June 1988 27 La Repubblica Gruppo Editoriale L'Espresso 27 May 2012 The USA Cinema Loves Bikes https://web.archive.org/web/20140712232228/http://ricerca.repubblica.it/repubblica/archivio/repubblica/1988/06/14/il-cinema-usa-ama-le-bici.html?ref=search 12 July 2014 live Andrew Hood http://velonews.competitor.com/2012/05/news/giro-notebook-stage-1-no-time-bonuses-in-key-mountain-stages-phinney-joins-history-books_216734 Giro Notebook stage 1: No time bonuses in key mountain stages; Phinney joins history books 5 May 2012 VeloNews Competitor Group, Inc 11 August 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20140427114136/http://velonews.competitor.com/2012/05/news/giro-notebook-stage-1-no-time-bonuses-in-key-mountain-stages-phinney-joins-history-books_216734 27 April 2014 live The other podium positions were filled by non-Italian riders for the second year in a row and the third time in the history of the race.Andrea Tabacco http://it.eurosport.yahoo.com/28052012/45/giro-d-italia-hesjedal-vince-giro-scarponi.html Giro d'Italia – Hesjedal vince il Giro: Scarponi è quarto it Yahoo! Eurosport Yahoo! e Eurosport 27 May 2012 24 June 2013 Tour of Italy – Hesjedal wins the Tour: Scarponi is fourth https://web.archive.org/web/20150626202425/https://it.eurosport.yahoo.com/28052012/45/giro-d-italia-hesjedal-vince-giro-scarponi.html 26 June 2015 live http://www.cyclingweekly.co.uk/news/latest/346949/from-the-cw-archives-the-1987-giro-d-italia-part-4.html From the CW archives: the 1987 Giro d'Italia, Part 4 Cycling Weekly IPC Media Limited 28 May 2008 26 June 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20141224060712/http://www.cyclingweekly.co.uk/news/latest-news/from-the-cw-archives-the-1987-giro-ditalia-part-4-95775 24 December 2014 live Breukink had been part of the non-Italian podium in 1987, behind Ireland's Stephen Roche and Great Britain's Robert Millar. left|thumb|alt=A cyclist riding a bike while preparing to round a corner.|Andrew Hampsten (pictured during the Tour de France in 1993) won two stages and four classifications at the 1988 Giro d'Italia. Stage success was limited to eleven of the competing teams, seven of which achieved multiple victories. Four individual riders won multiple stages: Bernard (stages 1, 8 and 15),http://hemeroteca-paginas.mundodeportivo.com/EMD01/HEM/1988/05/31/MD19880531-036.pdf Segundo "Toque" De Bernard es 31 May 1988 36 El Mundo Deportivo El Mundo Deportivo S.A. 27 May 2012 Second stage for Bernard https://web.archive.org/web/20140520061835/http://hemeroteca-paginas.mundodeportivo.com/EMD01/HEM/1988/05/31/MD19880531-036.pdf 20 May 2014 live Bontempi (stages 2 and 5),http://hemeroteca-paginas.mundodeportivo.com/EMD01/HEM/1988/05/28/MD19880528-036.pdf Bis Para Bontempi En "La Maraton" es 28 May 1988 36 El Mundo Deportivo El Mundo Deportivo S.A. 27 May 2012 Encore For Bontempi In "Marathon" https://web.archive.org/web/20140714223753/http://hemeroteca-paginas.mundodeportivo.com/EMD01/HEM/1988/05/28/MD19880528-036.pdf 14 July 2014 live Hampsten (stages 12 and 18), and Di Basco (stages 9 and 20).http://hemeroteca-paginas.mundodeportivo.com/EMD01/HEM/1988/06/01/MD19880601-038.pdf "David" Di Basso Pudo Con "Goliat" Bontempi es 1 June 1988 38 El Mundo Deportivo El Mundo Deportivo S.A. 27 May 2012 "David" Di Basso beats "Goliath" Bontempi https://web.archive.org/web/20140520092816/http://hemeroteca-paginas.mundodeportivo.com/EMD01/HEM/1988/06/01/MD19880601-038.pdf 20 May 2014 live LVC 1988 won three stages with Bernard and stage 7 with Andreas Kappes.http://hemeroteca-paginas.mundodeportivo.com/EMD01/HEM/1988/05/30/MD19880530-048.pdf Kappes Aprovecho El Mal Dia De Bontempi es 30 May 1988 48 El Mundo Deportivo El Mundo Deportivo S.A. 27 May 2012 Kappes takes Evil Day of Bontempi https://web.archive.org/web/20140520093917/http://hemeroteca-paginas.mundodeportivo.com/EMD01/HEM/1988/05/30/MD19880530-048.pdf 20 May 2014 live Panasonic 1988 won two stages, with Breukink in stage 14, and Freuler in stage 21a.http://hemeroteca-paginas.mundodeportivo.com/EMD01/HEM/1988/06/13/MD19880613-046.pdf Hampsten: Coronacion Bajo La Lluvia es 13 June 1988 46 El Mundo Deportivo El Mundo Deportivo S.A. 27 May 2012 Hampsten: Coronation In The Rain https://web.archive.org/web/20160304084437/http://hemeroteca-paginas.mundodeportivo.com/EMD01/HEM/1988/06/13/MD19880613-046.pdf 4 March 2016 live http://hemeroteca-paginas.mundodeportivo.com/EMD01/HEM/1988/06/13/MD19880613-047.pdf Delgado termino septimo en la General es 13 June 1988 47 El Mundo Deportivo El Mundo Deportivo S.A. 11 August 2011 Delgado finished seventh in the General https://web.archive.org/web/20160304114440/http://hemeroteca-paginas.mundodeportivo.com/EMD01/HEM/1988/06/13/MD19880613-047.pdf 4 March 2016 live Chateau d'Ax 1988 won three stages, with a solo breakaway by Rominger in stage 13;http://hemeroteca-paginas.mundodeportivo.com/EMD01/HEM/1988/06/05/MD19880605-036.pdf Rominger: Revancha A Lo Campeon es 5 June 1988 36 El Mundo Deportivo El Mundo Deportivo S.A. 27 May 2012 Rominger: Revenge To The Champion https://web.archive.org/web/20140305153924/http://hemeroteca-paginas.mundodeportivo.com/EMD01/HEM/1988/06/05/MD19880605-036.pdf 5 March 2014 live Vona in stage 16,http://hemeroteca-paginas.mundodeportivo.com/EMD01/HEM/1988/06/08/MD19880608-040.pdf "Panasonic", En Pie De Guerra es 8 June 1988 40 El Mundo Deportivo El Mundo Deportivo S.A. 27 May 2012 "Panasonic", on the warpath https://web.archive.org/web/20140520094144/http://hemeroteca-paginas.mundodeportivo.com/EMD01/HEM/1988/06/08/MD19880608-040.pdf 20 May 2014 live and Giuliani in stage 19.http://hemeroteca-paginas.mundodeportivo.com/EMD01/HEM/1988/06/11/MD19880611-040.pdf Zimmermann Hizo Temblar La Carrera es 11 June 1988 40 El Mundo Deportivo El Mundo Deportivo S.A. 27 May 2012 Zimmermann Tremble Race https://web.archive.org/web/20140520051006/http://hemeroteca-paginas.mundodeportivo.com/EMD01/HEM/1988/06/11/MD19880611-040.pdf 20 May 2014 live http://hemeroteca-paginas.mundodeportivo.com/EMD01/HEM/1988/06/11/MD19880611-041.pdf Giuliani "Chupo Rueda" Y Gano En Arta Terme es 11 June 1988 41 El Mundo Deportivo El Mundo Deportivo S.A. 27 May 2012 Giuliani "Wheel Sucker" and won in Arta Terme https://web.archive.org/web/20140520051511/http://hemeroteca-paginas.mundodeportivo.com/EMD01/HEM/1988/06/11/MD19880611-041.pdf 20 May 2014 live Del Tongo–Colnago also won multiple stages, with Chioccioli in stage 6,http://hemeroteca-paginas.mundodeportivo.com/EMD01/HEM/1988/05/29/MD19880529-036.pdf Primer "Palo" Para Delgado es 29 May 1988 36 El Mundo Deportivo El Mundo Deportivo S.A. 27 May 2012 First "Bat" For Delgado https://web.archive.org/web/20140520074516/http://hemeroteca-paginas.mundodeportivo.com/EMD01/HEM/1988/05/29/MD19880529-036.pdf 20 May 2014 live Piasecki in stage 21b, and the team time trial in stage 4b. Selca–Ciclolinea, Ceramiche Ariostea, Gewiss-Bianchi and Atala–Ofmega won one stage apiece. Ceramiche Ariostea rider Stephan Joho took stage 3 in a sprint finish,http://hemeroteca-paginas.mundodeportivo.com/EMD01/HEM/1988/05/26/MD19880526-046.pdf Joho: Una Victoria De Fuerza es 26 May 1988 46 El Mundo Deportivo El Mundo Deportivo S.A. 27 May 2012 Joho: A Victory Of Force https://web.archive.org/web/20140520112009/http://hemeroteca-paginas.mundodeportivo.com/EMD01/HEM/1988/05/26/MD19880526-046.pdf 20 May 2014 live as did Gewiss-Bianchi rider Rosola in stage 10,http://hemeroteca-paginas.mundodeportivo.com/EMD01/HEM/1988/06/02/MD19880602-036.pdf Rosola Aprovecho La Baja Forma De Bontempi es 2 June 1988 36 El Mundo Deportivo El Mundo Deportivo S.A. 27 May 2012 Rosola takes Bontempi with Late Form https://web.archive.org/web/20140520112101/http://hemeroteca-paginas.mundodeportivo.com/EMD01/HEM/1988/06/02/MD19880602-036.pdf 20 May 2014 live and Selca–Ciclolinea 's Patrizio Gambirasio in stage 17. Atala–Ofmega's Podenzana won stage 4a after a solo breakaway. Doping The race organizers performed anti-doping controls throughout the race. Riders would be selected after a stage and have thirty minutes to get tested.Curzio Maltese http://www.archiviolastampa.it/component/option,com_lastampa/task,search/mod,libera/action,viewer/Itemid,3/page,29/articleid,0960_02_1988_0143_0030_25019349/ Un'odissea fra archi, neve, sit-in e doping it 13 June 1988 30 :it:Stampa Sera Editrice La Stampa 27 May 2012 An odyssey between arches, snow, sit-ins and doping The results generally would be returned between thirty and sixty minutes later. No rider tested positive in this edition of the Giro, but had this happened, the following penalties would have been applied: the rider would be demoted to last place of the stage, given a ten-minute penalty in the general classification, a lengthy suspension,Suspension N According to Stampa Sera, the length of the suspension was one month, while El Mundo Deportivo claimed the suspension lasted six weeks. In addition, the rider was allowed to choose when the suspension would take place, so that it would not interfere with any major races. and a fine of one thousand francs. Although no riders tested positive, Roberto Visentini, Flavio Giupponi and Urs Zimmermann – who placed second, third and fourth, respectively, in the eighteenth stage – showed up too late for their control tests and were given the penalties corresponding to riders testing positive; after complaints and threats to leave the race from their team leaders, the jury later reverted their decision, and no penalty was given.http://resources3.kb.nl/011000000/pdf/DDD_011001184.pdf Jury herroept tijdstraf voor Visentini c.s. Nieuwsblad van het Noorden 10 June 1988 29 May 2014 nl https://www.webcitation.org/6QP4bFWue?url=http://resources3.kb.nl/011000000/pdf/DDD_011001184.pdf 17 June 2014 dead http://www.archiviolastampa.it/component/option,com_lastampa/task,search/mod,libera/action,viewer/Itemid,3/page,29/articleid,0960_02_1988_0143_0030_25019347/ Un'odissea fra archi, neve, sit-in e doping it 13 June 1988 30 La Stampa Editrice La Stampa 27 May 2012 An odyssey between arches, snow, sit-ins and doping Classification leadership thumb|alt=A winding road on the slopes of a mountain.|A sample of the 48 hairpin turns near the top of the eastern ramp of the Stelvio Pass, the Cima Coppi (highest elevation point) of the 1988 Giro. Five different jerseys were worn during the 1988 Giro d'Italia. The leader of the general classification – calculated by adding the stage finish times of each rider, and allowing time bonuses for the first three finishers on mass-start stages – wore a pink jersey. The time bonuses for the 1988 Giro were fifteen seconds for first, ten seconds for second, and five seconds for third place on the stage.http://streaming.ajgirona.org/pandora/cgi-bin/Pandora.exe?xslt=show_pdf;publication=Avui;sort_publication=avui;day=23;month=05;year=1988;page=034;id=0002870044;filename=19880523;collection=pages;url_high=pages/Avui/1988/198805/19880523/19880523034.pdf;lang=ca;pdf_parameters=search=%22giro%22&view=FitH;encoding=utf-8 Torna la muntanya a un Giro favorable a Delgado ca 23 May 1988 34 Avui Hermes Comunicacions S.A. 27 May 2012 PDF Back to the mountain Giro favor Delgado https://web.archive.org/web/20140629180101/http://streaming.ajgirona.org/pandora/cgi-bin/Pandora.exe?xslt=show_pdf%3Bpublication%3DAvui%3Bsort_publication%3Davui%3Bday%3D23%3Bmonth%3D05%3Byear%3D1988%3Bpage%3D034%3Bid%3D0002870044%3Bfilename%3D19880523%3Bcollection%3Dpages%3Burl_high%3Dpages%2FAvui%2F1988%2F198805%2F19880523%2F19880523034.pdf%3Blang%3Dca%3Bpdf_parameters%3Dsearch%3D%22giro%22&view=FitH%3Bencoding%3Dutf-8 2014-06-29 dead This classification is the most important of the race, and its winner is considered as the winner of the Giro.Laura Weislo http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/road/2008/giro08/?id=/features/2008/giro_classifications08 Giro d'Italia classifications demystified 13 May 2008 Cycling News Future Publishing Limited 13 July 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20130508234448/http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/road/2008/giro08/?id=/features/2008/giro_classifications08 8 May 2013 live For the points classification, which awarded a purple (or cyclamen) jersey to its leader, cyclists were given points for finishing a stage in the top 15; additional points could also be won in intermediate sprints. The green jersey was awarded to the mountains classification leader. In this ranking, points were won by reaching the summit of a climb ahead of other cyclists. Each climb was ranked as either first, second or third category, with more points available for higher category climbs. The Cima Coppi, the race's highest point of elevation, carried more points than the other first category climbs. The Cima Coppi for this edition of the Giro was supposed to be the Stelvio Pass, however the day the peloton was supposed to climb it, heavy snow cover forced the organization to omit it from the stage. The white jersey was worn by the leader of young rider classification, a ranking decided the same way as the general classification, but considering only neo-professional cyclists (in their first three years of professional racing). The combination classification, represented by a blue jersey, was calculated by summing up the points obtained by each rider in the other classifications; the leader was the rider with the lowest total of points.Richard Pestes http://www.pezcyclingnews.com/page/latestnews?id=84271#.U3w5jSiZj9s Giro 1988: Andy's Epic Day 1 December 2007 PezCycling News Pez 27 May 2012 https://archive.today/20240527014448/https://www.webcitation.org/6QP4hFDTH?url=http://www.pezcyclingnews.com/page/features/%3Fid=84271#.U3w5jSiZj9s 27 May 2024 live Although no jersey was awarded, there was also one classification for the teams, in which the stage finish times of the best three cyclists per team were added; the leading team was the one with the lowest total time. +Classification leadership by stage Stage Winner General classification25px|link=|alt=A pink jersey Points classification25px|link=|alt=A purple jersey Mountains classification25px|link=|alt=A green jersey Young rider classification25px|link=|alt=A white jersey Combination classification25px|link=|alt=A blue jersey Team classification1 Jean-François Bernard Jean-François Bernard Jean-François Bernard not awarded Bruno Hürlimann not awarded CAR 19882 Guido Bontempi Guido Bontempi Stefano Giuliani3 Stephan Joho Renato Piccolo Stephan Joho4a Massimo Podenzana Massimo Podenzana Rolf Sørensen Massimo Podenzana4b Del Tongo–Colnago Del Tongo–Colnago5 Guido Bontempi Guido Bontempi CAR 19886 Franco Chioccioli Franco Chioccioli7 Andreas Kappes Johan van der Velde8 Jean-François Bernard9 Alessio Di Basco10 Paolo Rosola11 Stage Cancelled12 Andrew Hampsten Franco Chioccioli Franco Vona Andrew Hampsten Del Tongo–Colnago13 Tony Rominger14 Erik Breukink Andrew Hampsten Stefano Tomasini CAR 198815 Jean-François Bernard Del Tongo–Colnago16 Franco Vona Panasonic 198817 Patrizio Gambirasio18 Andrew Hampsten Andrew Hampsten CAR 198819 Stefano Giuliani20 Alessio Di BascoRosola N21a Urs Freuler21b Lech Piasecki Final Andrew Hampsten Johan van der Velde Andrew Hampsten Stefano Tomasini Andrew Hampsten CAR 1988 Final standings Legend   20px|alt=A pink jersey   Denotes the winner of the General classificationhttps://archivio.unita.news/assets/main/1988/06/13/page_022.pdf Uno Yankee sulle strade d'Italia it 13 June 1988 22 l'Unità PCI 22 June 2012 A Yankee on the roads of Italy https://web.archive.org/web/20190502053608/https://archivio.unita.news/assets/main/1988/06/13/page_022.pdf 2 May 2019   20px|alt=A green jersey   Denotes the winner of the Mountains classification   20px|alt=A purple jersey   Denotes the winner of the Points classification   20px|alt=A white jersey   Denotes the winner of the Young rider classification   20px|alt=A blue jersey   Denotes the winner of the Combination classification General classification + Final general classification (1–10)http://www.museociclismo.it/content/corse/classifica.php?cod=5137 71a edizione Giro d'Italia (1988) it Paul Mannini Il Museo del Ciclismo 22 June 2012 71st edition Giro d'Italia (1988) https://web.archive.org/web/20150623222354/http://www.museociclismo.it/content/corse/classifica.php?cod=5137 23 June 2015 live Rank Rider Team Time 1 Andrew Hampsten USA 20px|alt=A pink jersey 20px|alt=A green jersey 20px|alt=A blue jersey MOT 1988 97h 18' 56" 2 Erik Breukink NED Panasonic 1988 + 1' 43" 3 Urs Zimmermann SUI CAR 1988 + 2' 45" 4 Flavio Giupponi ITA Del Tongo–Colnago + 6' 56" 5 Franco Chioccioli ITA Del Tongo–Colnago + 13' 20" 6 Marco Giovannetti ITA Gisgelati–Ecoflam + 15' 20" 7 Pedro Delgado ESP Reynolds + 17' 02" 8 Peter Winnen NED Panasonic 1988 + 18' 14" 9 Stefano Tomasini ITA 20px|alt=A white jersey Fanini–Seven Up + 27' 01" 10 Maurizio Vandelli ITA Atala–Ofmega + 27' 02" Final general classification (11–125) Rank Rider Team Time 11 Beat Breu SUI Cyndarella–Isotonic + 28' 17" 12 Marc Madiot FRA LVC 1988 + 28' 17" 13 Roberto Visentini ITA CAR 1988 + 40' 07" 14 Raúl Alcalá MEX MOT 1988 + 40' 09" 15 Franco Vona ITA Chateau d'Ax 1988 + 42' 31" 16 Juan Tomas Martínez ESP Tokke Zahor + 49' 12" 17 Guy Nulens BEL Panasonic 1988 + 53' 49" 18 Massimo Ghirotto ITA CAR 1988 + 54' 48" 19 Alberto Volpi ITA Gewiss–Bianchi + 55' 05" 20 Emanuele Bombini ITA Gewiss–Bianchi + 55' 33" 21 Ennio Vanotti ITA Chateau d'Ax 1988 + 57' 39" 22 Silvano Contini ITA Malvor–Bottecchia + 58' 12" 23 Helmut Wechselberger AUT Malvor–Bottecchia + 59' 17" 24 Claudio Chiappucci ITA CAR 1988 + 1h 01' 11" 25 Marco Franceschini ITA Alba Cucine–Benotto + 1h 01' 22" 26 Marino Amadori ITA Alfa Lum–Legnano + 1h 02' 42" 27 Giuseppe Saronni ITA Del Tongo–Colnago + 1h 03' 28" 28 Claudio Savini ITA Alba Cucine–Benotto + 1h 04' 10" 29 Angelo Lecchi ITA Del Tongo–Colnago + 1h 04' 30" 30 José Luis Laguía ESP Reynolds + 1h 06' 55" 31 Alfio Vandi ITA Isoglass–Galli + 1h 08' 58" 32 Luis Javier Lukin ESP Reynolds + 1h 10' 21" 33 Roberto Conti ITA Selca–Ciclolinea + 1h 11' 30" 34 Mauro-Antonio Santaromita ITA Alba Cucine–Benotto + 1h 11' 35" 35 Marco Vitali ITA Atala–Ofmega + 1h 12' 07" 36 Luciano Loro ITA Del Tongo–Colnago + 1h 14' 58" 37 Fabrice Philipot FRA LVC 1988 + 1h 15' 40" 38 Dominique Arnaud FRA Reynolds + 1h 17' 24" 39 Marcello Siboni ITA Ceramiche Ariostea + 1h 18' 07" 40 Santiago Portillo ESP Tokke Zahor + 1h 18' 43" 41 Massimo Podenzana ITA Atala–Ofmega + 1h 18' 57" 42 Rolf Sørensen DEN Ceramiche Ariostea + 1h 20' 51" 43 Werner Stutz SUI Cyndarella–Isotonic + 1h 25' 51" 44 Tony Rominger SUI Chateau d'Ax 1988 + 1h 27' 44" 45 Jésus Rodriguez Magro ESP Reynolds + 1h 28' 15" 46 Jeff Pierce USA MOT 1988 + 1h 28' 46" 47 Omar Hernández COL Reynolds + 1h 29' 13" 48 Rolf Järmann SUI Cyndarella–Isotonic + 1h 35' 20" 49 Roberto Pagnin ITA Gewiss–Bianchi + 1h 35' 26" 50 Gianni Faresin ITA Malvor–Bottecchia + 1h 36' 02" 51 Enrico Galleschi ITA Alba Cucine–Benotto + 1h 38' 24" 52 Luca Rota ITA Del Tongo–Colnago + 1h 39' 51" 53 Luciano Rabottini ITA Ceramiche Ariostea + 1h 43' 42" 54 Claudio Corti ITA Chateau d'Ax 1988 + 1h 44' 22" 55 Jörg Müller SUI PDM 1988 yes + 1h 46' 21" 56 Stefano Giuliani ITA Chateau d'Ax 1988 + 1h 47' 10" 57 Teun van Vliet NED Panasonic 1988 + 1h 48' 15" 58 Daniël Wyder SUI Isoglass–Galli + 1h 49' 10" 59 Michele Moro ITA Selca–Ciclolinea + 1h 50' 43" 60 Jiri Skoda CZE Alfa Lum–Legnano + 1h 51' 01" 61 Bob Roll USA MOT 1988 + 1h 52' 07" 62 Ron Kiefel USA MOT 1988 + 1h 52' 21" 63 Renato Piccolo ITA Gewiss–Bianchi + 1h 54' 48" 64 Gian-Paolo Fregonese ITA Malvor–Bottecchia + 1h 55' 10" 65 Johan van der Velde NED 20px|alt=A purple jersey Gisgelati–Ecoflam + 1h 56' 27" 66 Marc van Orsouw NED PDM 1988 yes + 1h 57' 15" 67 Pierino Gavazzi ITA Fanini–Seven Up + 2h 00' 43" 68 Jesper Worre DEN Gewiss–Bianchi + 2h 05' 18" 69 Henk Lubberding NED Panasonic 1988 + 2h 05' 19" 70 Maurizio Piovani ITA Del Tongo–Colnago + 2h 06' 11" 71 Kurt Steinmann SUI Cyndarella–Isotonic + 2h 07' 12" 72 Bruno Hürlimann SUI Cyndarella–Isotonic + 2h 09' 36" 73 Ennio Salvador ITA Gewiss–Bianchi + 2h 09' 45" 74 Lech Piasecki POL Del Tongo–Colnago + 2h 09' 56" 75 Eric Vanderaerden BEL Panasonic 1988 + 2h 10' 16" 76 Alessandro Pozzi ITA Chateau d'Ax 1988 + 2h 13' 08" 77 Luigi Botteon ITA Fanini–Seven Up + 2h 13' 19" 78 Marco Votolo ITA CAR 1988 + 2h 13' 45" 79 Theo de Rooij NED Panasonic 1988 + 2h 15' 33" 80 Czesław Lang POL Del Tongo–Colnago + 2h 16' 48" 81 Daniele Pizzol ITA Malvor–Bottecchia + 2h 18' 42" 82 Urs Freuler SUI Panasonic 1988 + 2h 18' 50" 83 Marco Zen ITA Alfa Lum–Legnano + 2h 18' 56" 84 Fabio Bordonali ITA CAR 1988 + 2h 19' 32" 85 Silvano Lorenzon ITA Malvor–Bottecchia + 2h 19' 36" 86 Alberto Elli ITA Fanini–Seven Up + 2h 20' 44" 87 Tullio Cortinovis ITA Atala–Ofmega + 2h 20' 44" 88 Francesco Cesarini ITA Ceramiche Ariostea + 2h 24' 30" 89 Claudio Vandelli ITA Atala–Ofmega + 2h 26' 55" 90 Federico Ghiotto ITA Gisgelati–Ecoflam + 2h 31' 27" 91 Guido Bontempi ITA CAR 1988 + 2h 31' 47" 92 Daniel Gisiger SUI Cyndarella–Isotonic + 2h 32' 38" 93 Marco Saligari ITA Ceramiche Ariostea + 2h 35' 11" 94 Jesus Suarez Cuevas ESP Tokke Zahor + 2h 38' 16" 95 Fabrizio Vannucci ITA Selca–Ciclolinea + 2h 40' 11" 96 Mario Noris ITA Atala–Ofmega + 2h 42' 20" 97 Luigi Furlan ITA Gewiss–Bianchi + 2h 45' 16" 98 Melcior Mauri ESP Reynolds + 2h 45' 59" 99 Arno Wohlfahrter AUT Malvor–Bottecchia + 2h 49' 04" 100 Valerio Piva ITA Ceramiche Ariostea + 2h 49' 37" 101 Pierangelo Bincoletto ITA LVC 1988 + 2h 50' 10" 102 Paolo Rosola ITA Gewiss–Bianchi + 2h 55' 06" 103 Allan Peiper AUS Panasonic 1988 + 2h 56' 48" 104 Flavio Chesini ITA Alba Cucine–Benotto + 2h 57' 52" 105 Johan Lammerts NED LVC 1988 + 2h 58' 24" 106 Giuseppe Petito ITA Gisgelati–Ecoflam + 2h 59' 41" 107 Silvio Martinello ITA Atala–Ofmega + 3h 05' 27" 108 Luciano Boffo ITA Alfa Lum–Legnano + 3h 07' 25" 109 Alessio Di Basco ITA Fanini–Seven Up + 3h 07' 48" 110 Giovanni Strazzer ITA Malvor–Bottecchia + 3h 08' 59" 111 Eduardo Rocchi ITA Selca–Ciclolinea + 3h 10' 13" 112 Antonio Ferretti SUI Isoglass–Galli + 3h 11' 02" 113 Daniele del Ben ITA Gisgelati–Ecoflam + 3h 11' 07" 114 Stefano Allocchio ITA Chateau d'Ax 1988 + 3h 17 '00" 115 Paul Popp AUT Malvor–Bottecchia + 3h 21' 13" 116 Daniele Caroli ITA Alfa Lum–Legnano + 3h 29' 20" 117 Luc Ronsse BEL Isoglass–Galli + 3h 34' 56" 118 Davis Phinney USA MOT 1988 + 3h 40' 27" 119 Jan-Erik Østergaard DEN Isoglass–Galli + 3h 43' 00" 120 Patrizio Gambirasio ITA Selca–Ciclolinea + 3h 46' 49" 121 Giovanni Bottoia ITA Chateau d'Ax 1988 + 3h 48' 51" 122 Enrico Grimani ITA Alba Cucine–Benotto + 3h 52' 01" 123 Geert Vandewalle BEL Isoglass–Galli + 4h 06' 47" 124 Hendrik Redant BEL Isoglass–Galli + 4h 19' 36" 125 Dante Morandi ITA Selca–Ciclolinea + 4h 48' 15" Points classification +Final points classification (1–5)https://archivio.unita.news/assets/main/1989/05/15/page_025.pdf 1988: Van der Velde ai punti it 15 May 1989 25 l'Unità PCI 22 June 2012 1988: Van der Velde in points https://web.archive.org/web/20190502053739/https://archivio.unita.news/assets/main/1989/05/15/page_025.pdf 2 May 2019 Rank Rider Team Points 1 Johan van der Velde NED 20px|alt=A purple jersey Gisgelati–Ecoflam 154 2 Rolf Sørensen DEN Ceramiche Ariostea 131 3 Andrew Hampsten USA 20px|alt=A pink jersey 20px|alt=A green jersey 20px|alt=A blue jersey MOT 1988 129 4 Alessio Di Basco ITA Fanini–Seven Up 117 5 Erik Breukink NED Panasonic 1988 115 Mountains classification +Final mountains classification (1–5) Rank Rider Team Points 1 Andrew Hampsten USA 20px|alt=A green jersey 20px|alt=A pink jersey 20px|alt=A blue jersey MOT 1988 59 2 Stefano Giuliani ITA Panasonic 1988 55 3 Renato Piccolo ITA Gewiss–Bianchi 49 4 Urs Zimmermann SUI CAR 1988 40 5 Tony Rominger SUI Chateau d'Ax 1988 23 Young rider classification +Final young rider classification (1–5) Rank Rider Team Time 1 Stefano Tomasini ITA 20px|alt=A white jersey Fanini–Seven Up 97h 45' 57" 2 Franco Vona ITA Chateau d'Ax 1988 + 15' 30" 3 Helmut Wechselberger AUT Malvor–Bottecchia + 32' 16" 4 Angelo Lecchi ITA Del Tongo–Colnago + 37' 37" 5 Luis Javier Lukin ESP Reynolds + 43' 20" Team classification +Final team classification (1–5) Rank Team Time 1 CAR 1988 291h 10' 15" 2 Panasonic 1988 + 4' 34" 3 Del Tongo–Colnago + 9' 55" 4 MOT 1988 + 34' 44" 5 Reynolds + 35' 05" Combination classification +Final combination classification (1–3) Rank Rider Team Points 1 Andrew Hampsten USA 20px|alt=A blue jersey 20px|alt=A pink jersey 20px|alt=A green jersey MOT 1988 8 2 Urs Zimmermann SUI CAR 1988 12 3 Erik Breukink NED Panasonic 1988 20 Special sprints classification +Final special sprints classification (1–3) Rank Rider Team Points 1 Andrew Hampsten USA 20px|alt=A pink jersey 20px|alt=A green jersey 20px|alt=A blue jersey MOT 1988 21 2 Urs Zimmermann SUI CAR 1988 17 3 Rolf Sørensen DEN Ceramiche Ariostea 17 Intermediate sprints classification + Final intermediate sprints classification (1–4) Rank Rider Team Points 1 Alessio Di Basco ITA Fanini–Seven Up 41 2 Flavio Chesini ITA Alba Cucine–Benotto 22 3 Enrico Grimani ITA Alba Cucine–Benotto 9 4 Paul Popp AUT Malvor–Bottecchia 8 Roberto Pagnin ITA Gewiss–Bianchi Combativity classification +Final combativity classification (1–5) Rank Rider Team Points 1 Rolf Sørensen DEN Ceramiche Ariostea 73 2 Emanuele Bombini ITA Gewiss–Bianchi 66 3 Franco Chioccioli ITA Del Tongo–Colnago 50 4 Massimo Podenzana ITA Atala–Ofmega 46 5 Urs Zimmermann SUI CAR 1988 43 Aftermath After the race, Andrew Hampsten told El Mundo Deportivo that he believed this was the biggest win of his career so far and thought he could win the upcoming Tour de France.http://hemeroteca-paginas.mundodeportivo.com/EMD01/HEM/1988/06/13/MD19880613-048.pdf Hampsten: "Ahora, a por el Tour" es 13 June 1988 48 El Mundo Deportivo El Mundo Deportivo S.A. 27 May 2012 Hampsten : " Now, for the Tour" https://web.archive.org/web/20140531144248/http://hemeroteca-paginas.mundodeportivo.com/EMD01/HEM/1988/06/13/MD19880613-048.pdf 31 May 2014 live Associated Press Hampsten sets sights on Tour de France The Telegraph https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2209&dat=19880613&id=2A4mAAAAIBAJ&pg=3098,4087521&hl=en 13 June 1988 8 May 2015 12 Hampsten stated that Jean-François Bernard and Pedro Delgado both lacked awareness when attacking in the mountains and did not make the most of the time trials, but believed they would be more active in the Tour de France. In addition, Hampsten thought Bernard and Roberto Visentini did not perform to their expectations. He did not go on to win the Tour de France, but placed fifteenth overall.http://hemeroteca-paginas.mundodeportivo.com/EMD01/HEM/1988/07/25/MD19880725-010.pdf Clasificaciones oficiales 25 July 1988 1 April 2012 10 es El Mundo Deportivo El Mundo Deportivo S.A. Official Classifications https://web.archive.org/web/20131220005124/http://hemeroteca-paginas.mundodeportivo.com/EMD01/HEM/1988/07/25/MD19880725-010.pdf 20 December 2013 live Runner-up Erik Breukink commented that he was satisfied with his second-place finish, but "Hampsten was simply better at the decisive moments".http://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010472400:mpeg21:p008 Hampsten terechte winnaar van Giro 8 De waarheid 13 June 1988 29 May 2014 nl Hampsten is a true winner of Giro https://web.archive.org/web/20170702141909/http://www.delpher.nl/nl/kranten/view?coll=ddd&identifier=ddd:010472400:mpeg21:p008 2 July 2017 live In addition, Breukink stated he came to the race in order to prepare for the Tour de France in July.http://www.archiviolastampa.it/component/option,com_lastampa/task,search/mod,libera/action,viewer/Itemid,3/page,29/articleid,0960_02_1988_0143_0030_25019351/ Gimondi: <<Corsa troppo dura? Basta con i mezzi campioni>> it 13 June 1988 30 La Stampa Editrice La Stampa 27 May 2012 Gimondi: <<Course too hard? Enough with the media samples>> At the Tour, he finished in twelfth overall and won the young rider classification for being the highest ranked rider in the general classification under the age of 25. Third place finisher Urs Zimmermann reflected on the race and stated that his chance of winning the overall race were gone after the Gavia stage. l'Unita writer Gino Sala looked back on the race and believed Delgado did not perform well and was not a serious threat to win the race.https://archivio.unita.news/assets/main/1988/06/13/page_022.pdf Il Giro degli altri it 13 June 1988 22 l'Unità PCI 22 June 2012 Gino Sala The Tour of others https://web.archive.org/web/20190502053608/https://archivio.unita.news/assets/main/1988/06/13/page_022.pdf 2 May 2019 Luis Gómez, a writer for El País, thought Delgado did not prepare properly for the Giro. In 2012, the organizer of the Giro d'Italia, RCS Sport, did a survey on the greatest moments in the history of the Giro by interviewing over 100 journalists.VeloNews.com http://velonews.competitor.com/2012/12/giro-ditalia/cycling-press-votes-magni-hampsten-among-top-giro-memories_268777 Cycling press votes Magni, Hampsten among top Giro memories 12 December 2012 VeloNews Competitor Group, Inc 14 August 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20140531123835/http://velonews.competitor.com/2012/12/giro-ditalia/cycling-press-votes-magni-hampsten-among-top-giro-memories_268777 31 May 2014 live The 1988 race was mentioned several times as one of the most memorable, with the journalists citing the fourteenth stage that traversed the Gavia Pass as the highlight. Several writers have referred to the fourteenth stage as being "epic" or "iconic" due to the weather conditions the riders battled over difficult climbs and unpaved roads to finish the stage.Charles Pelkey http://velonews.competitor.com/2009/06/explainer/the-explainer-who-decides-whats-safe_92810 The Explainer – Who decides what's "safe?" 3 June 2009 VeloNews Competitor Group, Inc 14 August 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20140531090419/http://velonews.competitor.com/2009/06/explainer/the-explainer-who-decides-whats-safe_92810 31 May 2014 live Matthew Beaudin http://velonews.competitor.com/2013/02/news/hard-as-nails-the-precarious-marriage-of-weather-and-bike-racing_275344 Cobbled Classics: The precarious marriage of weather and bike racing 21 February 2013 VeloNews Competitor Group, Inc 14 August 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20140531123837/http://velonews.competitor.com/2013/02/news/hard-as-nails-the-precarious-marriage-of-weather-and-bike-racing_275344 31 May 2014 live According to CyclingNews writer Jason Sumner, a photo from the fourteenth stage depicting the future winner Andrew Hampsten climbing the Gavia while a snowstorm blows in the foreground has become a widely known image that even casual cycling fans would recognize. After the stage, La Gazzetta dello Sport called the stage "The Day the Big Men Cried", with the stage still being commonly referred to as such.Cried N The stage has also been called "The Day the Strong Men Cried".Hildenbrand 2008 80 References Footnotes N Citations 30em Bibliography Dzierzak Louis The Evolution of American Bicycle Racing Andy Hampsten and 7-Eleven 1st The Globe Pequot Press 2007 Guilford, Connecticut https://books.google.com/books?id=8bCzA5HPl_UC 978-0-7627-3901-1 August 2024 InternetArchiveBot yes Hildenbrand Bruce The Day Strong Men Cried https://books.google.com/books?id=i8UDAAAAMBAJ&q=andrew+hampsten&pg=PA80 Bicycling Rodale, Inc 49 4 2008 24 April 2014 0006-2073 Moore Richard Benson Daniel Bike!: A Tribute to the World's Greatest Racing Bicycles Melbourne University Publishing 2012 Carlton, Victoria https://books.google.com/books?id=3Iy0nKSCC-8C&q=piet+mondrian+la+vie+claire&pg=PT56 978-0-522-86183-9 Phinney Davis Murphy Austin The Happiness of Pursuit: A Father's Courage, a Son's Love and Life's Steepest Climb The Gavia Houghton Mifflin Harcourt 2011 Boston, Massachusetts https://archive.org/details/happinessofpursu0000phin registration 171 giro d'italia 1988. 978-0-547-52364-4 1988 Giro d'Italia 1 11 12 21b Giro d'Italia Giro d'Italia Category:Giro d'Italia by year Giro d'Italia Giro d'Italia