1792–93 United States Senate elections

none March 2026 January 2025 1792–93 United States Senate elections United States 1777 legislative no 1790–91 United States Senate elections 1790 & 1791 1794–95 United States Senate elections 1794 & 1795 Class 2 1798–99 United States Senate elections 1798 & 1799 10 of the 30 seats in the United States Senate(as well as special elections) 16 Dates vary by state x180px Seats up Races won Pro-Administration Party (US) 16 seats 17 18 1 4 5 Anti-Administration Party (US) 9 10 11 1 6 5 Majority Faction Pro-Administration Party Pro-Administration Party File:1792senatemap.svg Results:#bff3bf Pro-Administration hold #008100 Pro-Administration gain#c9f38c Anti-Administration hold #92e811 Anti-Administration gain The 1792–93 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states, coinciding with President George Washington's unanimous re-election. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1792 and 1793, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock.https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/17th-amendment 17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Direct Election of U.S. Senators (1913) National Archives and Records Administration February 8, 2022 In these elections, terms were up for the ten senators in Class 2. Formal organized political parties had yet to form in the United States, but two political factions were present: The coalition of Senators who supported George Washington's administration were known as the Pro-Administration Party, and the Senators against him as the Anti-Administration Party. Results summary Senate party division, 3rd Congress (1793–1795) Majority party: Pro-Administration Party (16) Minority party: Anti-Administration Party (13) Other parties: 0 Total seats: 30 Vacant: 1 (later filled by Pro-Administration) Change in composition Note: There were no political parties in this Congress. Members are informally grouped into factions of similar interest, based on an analysis of their voting record. The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress Martis Kenneth C. Virginia's elections are considered a single race here. Before the elections After the June 1792 admission of Kentucky. A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A6 A7Ga.Ran A8Ky.Ran A9N.H.Ran A10R.I.Unknown A11S.C.Ran A12Va.Resigned/Ran V1Pa. P15N.C.Ran P17N.J.Retired Majority → P6 P7 P8 P9 P10 P11 P12 P16Del.Unknown P13Md. (sp) Maryland (Special)Resigned P14Mass.Ran P5 P4 P3 P2 P1 Results of the election A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A6 A7Ga.Hold A8Ky.Re-elected A9N.C.Gain A10S.C.Re-elected A11Va.Ran/Re-elected V1Pa. P18R.I.Gain P16N.J.Hold P17N.H.Gain Majority → P6 P7 P8 P9 P10 P11 P12 P15Del.Hold P13Md. (sp) Maryland (Special)Hold P14Mass.Re-elected P5 P4 P3 P2 P1 Beginning of the next Congress Two Pro-Administration senators (Benjamin Hawkins of North Carolina and John Langdon of New Hampshire) changed to Anti-Administration. The vacant seat in Pennsylvania was filled February 28, 1793 by an Anti-Administration senator. A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A6 A7 A8 A9 A10 A11 A12N.H. (cl. 1)Changed A13N.C. (cl. 3)Changed A14Pa.Late P16 Majority → P6 P7 P8 P9 P10 P11 P12 P13 P14 P15 P5 P4 P3 P2 P1 Key: A# Anti-Administration P# Pro-Administration V# Vacant Race summaries Elections during the 2nd Congress In these elections, the winner was seated before March 4, 1793; ordered by election date. State Incumbent Results Candidates Senator Party First elected Kentucky(Class 2) None (new state) Kentucky was admitted to the Union June 1, 1792.Winner elected June 18, 1792.Anti-Administration gain. Anti-Administration Party (US) John Brown (Anti-Admin.) 100%A New Nation Votes https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/wd375x66j 2021-03-10 elections.lib.tufts.edu Kentucky(Class 3) None (new state) Kentucky was admitted to the Union June 1, 1792.Winner elected June 18, 1792.Anti-Administration gain. Anti-Administration Party (US) John Edwards (Anti-Admin.) February 2020 Virginia(Class 2) Richard Henry Lee Anti-Administration 1788 Incumbent resigned October 8, 1792.Winner elected October 18, 1792.Anti-Administration hold. Anti-Administration Party (US) John Taylor (Anti-Admin.) 55.56% (90 votes) UnknownArthur Lee (Unknown) 24.07% (39 votes) UnknownFrancis Corbin (Unknown) 20.37% (33 votes)Virginia 1792 U.S. Senate, Special https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:va.ussenate.special.1792 January 24, 2018 A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 Tufts University Digital Collections and Archives August 24, 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20190824004843/https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:va.ussenate.special.1792 dead (referencing Mattern, David B., J. C. A. Stagg, Jeanne K. Cross and Susan Holbrook Perdue, ed. The Papers of James Madison, Congressional Series. Vol. 14. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia Press, 1983. 392.) Maryland(Class 1) Charles Carroll Pro-Administration 1788 Incumbent resigned November 30, 1792.Winner elected January 10, 1793.Pro-Administration hold. Pro-Administration Party (US) Richard Potts (Pro-Admin.) February 2020 Pennsylvania(Class 1) Vacant Legislature failed to elect in 1791–1792, leaving the seat vacant.Winner elected February 28, 1793.Anti-Administration gain. Anti-Administration Party (US) Albert Gallatin (Anti-Admin.) 54.88% (45 votes) Pro-Administration Party (US)Henry Miller (Pro-Admin.) 42.68% (35 votes) Anti-Administration Party (US)Arthur St. Clair (Anti-Admin.) 1.22% (1 vote) Anti-Administration Party (US)William Irvine (Anti-Admin.) 1.22% (1 vote)Pennsylvania 1793 U.S. Senate https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:pa.ussenate.1793 January 24, 2018 A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 Tufts University Digital Collections and Archives March 16, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200316091558/https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:pa.ussenate.1793 dead (referencing The Pennsylvania Journal and the Weekly Advertiser (Philadelphia, PA). March 6, 1793) Races leading to the 3rd Congress In these regular elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1793; ordered by state. All of the elections involved the Class 2 seats. State Incumbent Results Candidates Senator Party First elected Delaware Richard Bassett Pro-Administration 1788 Incumbent retired or lost re-election.Winner elected in 1793.Pro-Administration hold. Pro-Administration Party (US) John Vining (Pro-Admin.) February 2020 Georgia William Few Anti-Administration 1789 Incumbent lost re-election.Winner elected in 1793.Anti-Administration hold. Anti-Administration Party (US) James Jackson (Anti-Admin.) 85.37% (35 votes) UnknownWilliam Few (Unknown) 12.20% (5 votes) UnknownGeorge Mathews (Unknown) 2.44% (1 vote)Georgia 1792 U.S. Senate https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ga.ussenate.1792 January 24, 2018 A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 Tufts University Digital Collections and Archives July 17, 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20190717082236/https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ga.ussenate.1792 dead (referencing The Augusta Chronicle and Gazette of the State (Augusta, GA). December 1, 1792.) Kentucky John Brown Anti-Administration 1792 (new state) Incumbent re-elected December 11, 1792. Anti-Administration Party (US) John Brown (Anti-Admin.) UnopposedKentucky 1792 U.S. Senate https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ky.ussenate.1792 January 24, 2018 A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 Tufts University Digital Collections and Archives July 20, 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20190720222332/https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ky.ussenate.1792 dead (referencing The Mirrour (Concord, NH). January 28, 1793.; Election of United States Senators by the General Assembly (typed manuscript). Kentucky Historical Society, Frankfort.) Massachusetts Caleb Strong Pro-Administration 1788 Incumbent re-elected in 1793. Pro-Administration Party (US) Caleb Strong (Pro-Admin.) February 2020 New Hampshire Paine Wingate Anti-Administration 1788 Incumbent lost re-election in 1792.Pro-Administration gain. Pro-Administration Party (US) Samuel Livermore (Pro-Admin.) 58.43% (52 votes) Federalist PartyPaine Wingate (Federalist) 31.46% (28 votes) UnknownNathaniel Peabody (Unknown) 8.99% (8 votes) Federalist PartyAbiel Foster (Federalist) 1.12% (1 vote)New Hampshire 1792 U.S. Senate https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:nh.ussenate.1792 January 24, 2018 A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 Tufts University Digital Collections and Archives March 12, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200312220714/https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:nh.ussenate.1792 dead (referencing Osborne's Newhampshire Spy (Portsmouth, NH). June 23, 1792.) New Jersey Philemon Dickinson Pro-Administration 1790 (special) Incumbent retired.Winner's election date unknown.Pro-Administration hold. Pro-Administration Party (US) Frederick Frelinghuysen (Pro-Admin.) February 2020 North Carolina Samuel Johnston Pro-Administration 1789 Incumbent lost re-election.Winner elected in 1792.North Carolina 1792 U.S. Senate https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:nc.ussenator1.1792 January 24, 2018 A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 Tufts University Digital Collections and Archives July 1, 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160701062415/http://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:nc.ussenator1.1792 dead (referencing Legislative Papers. State Archives of North Carolina, Raleigh.; Legislative Papers 1792 Box 119. State Archives of North Carolina, Raleigh.)Anti-Administration gain. Anti-Administration Party (US) Alexander Martin (Anti-Admin.) 24.71% (42 votes) UnknownJohn Leigh (Unknown) 20.00% (34 votes) UnknownThomas Blount (Unknown) 18.24% (31 votes) UnknownJohn Steele (Unknown) 18.24% (31 votes) UnknownGaiter (Unknown) 16.47% (28 votes) Pro-Administration Party (US)Samuel Johnston (Pro-Admin.) 0.59% (1 vote) UnknownWilliam Lenoir (Unknown) 0.59% (1 vote) UnknownAlfred Moore (Unknown) 0.59% (1 vote) UnknownRichard Dobbs Spaight (Unknown) 0.59% (1 vote) UnknownWillie Jones (Unknown) 0.00% (0 votes) Rhode Island Joseph Stanton Jr. Anti-Administration 1790 Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election.Winner elected in 1793.Pro-Administration gain. Pro-Administration Party (US) William Bradford (Pro-Admin.) February 2020 South Carolina Pierce Butler Anti-Administration 1789 Incumbent re-elected December 5, 1792. Anti-Administration Party (US) Pierce Butler (Anti-Admin.) 88.06% (118 votes) UnknownCharles Pinckney (Unknown) 5.97% (8 votes) UnknownZachariah Horskins (Unknown) 1.49% (2 votes) UnknownJohn Little Ward (Unknown) 1.49% (2 votes) UnknownJohn Baxter (Unknown) 0.75% (1 vote) UnknownJohn E. Colhoun (Unknown) 0.75% (1 vote) UnknownAdam C. Jones (Unknown) 0.75% (1 vote) Federalist PartyJacob Read (Federalist) 0.75% (1 vote)South Carolina 1792 U.S. Senate https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:sc.ussenate.1792 January 24, 2018 A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 Tufts University Digital Collections and Archives July 16, 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20190716063200/https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:sc.ussenate.1792 dead (referencing "Rough House Journals.") Virginia John Taylor Anti-Administration 1792 (special) Incumbent re-elected in 1793. Anti-Administration Party (US) John Taylor (Anti-Admin.) February 2020 Election in 1793 during the 3rd Congress In this special election, the winner was seated after March 4, 1793, the beginning of the next Congress. State Incumbent Results Candidates Senator Party First elected Connecticut(Class 3) Roger Sherman Pro-Administration 1791 (special) Incumbent died July 23, 1793.Winner elected December 2, 1793.Pro-Administration hold. Pro-Administration Party (US) Stephen Mitchell (Pro-Admin.) February 2020 Connecticut (special) List of United States senators from Connecticut August 2019 Delaware List of United States senators from Delaware August 2019 Georgia List of United States senators from Georgia 1792/1793 United States Senate election in Georgia James Jackson 1796 (special) 1788–89 United States Senate elections 1789 D0F0C0 D0F0C0 Anti-Federalist Anti-Federalist Elected U.S. senator U.S. senator Anti-Administration Anti-Administration William Few legislative 12.2% 85.4% 5 35 Legislative x200px William Few MET DP169110.jpg JamesJackson.jpg William Few James Jackson Georgia (U.S. state) 1792/1793 no 1796–97 United States Senate elections One-term Anti-Federalist William Few was defeated by fellow Anti-Federalist, James Jackson. Jackson won 24 votes in the Georgia House of Representatives and 11 in the State Senate for a combined total of 35. Few won 3 in the House and 2 in the Senate for a combined total of 5. Jackson took office as a member of the 3rd United States Congress on March 4, 1793. He would later resign in 1795 to run for his state's legislature. +United States Senate election in Georgia, 1792/93A New Nation Votes https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/ww72bc66s 2021-03-10 elections.lib.tufts.eduPartyCandidateVotes in the HouseVotes in the SenateTotal%Anti-FederalistJames Jackson24113585.4%Anti-FederalistWilliam Few (incumbent)32512.2%Anti-FederalistGeorge Mathews1 -12.4% August 2019 Kentucky List of United States senators from Kentucky 1792 United States Senate election in Kentucky Anti-Administration U.S. senator 1798 1798–99 United States Senate elections 1792–93 United States Senate elections 1792 (special) Legislative Anti-Administration John Brown John Brown legislative 100% Unanimous (exact total unknown) D0F0C0 Anti-Federalist John Brown KY Sen John-Brown.jpg Kentucky December 11, 1792 no Elected U.S. Senator Incumbent John Brown, who had previously been elected in a special election was easily reelected with no opposition and 100% of votes from the legislators.August 2019 Maryland (special) List of United States senators from Maryland November 2022 1793 United States Senate special election in Maryland 53 F6D6C9 60.92% Federalist Party Richard Potts Richard Potts, mem. Con. Congress (NYPL b12349185-420087) (cropped).jpg 34 F6D6C9 39.08% Federalist Party Josh Hoskins Stone 1796 1796 United States Senate special election in Maryland 1790 1790 United States Senate election in Maryland 80 members of the Maryland General Assembly Legislative December 6, 1792 no presidential Richard Potts won election to fill the seat vacated by Charles Carroll over Josh Hoskins Stone by a margin of 21.84%, or 19 votes, for the Class 1 seat.https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=122399 Our Campaigns - MD US Senate Race - Dec 06, 1792 2022-11-04 www.ourcampaigns.com Massachusetts List of United States senators from Massachusetts August 2019 New Hampshire List of United States senators from New Hampshire 1792 United States Senate election in New Hampshire Independent (politician) Elected U.S. Senator Federalist Party Samuel Livermore U.S. senator Anti-Administration Paine Wingate 9% 31.5% 58.4% 8 28 Legislative 52 Anti-Federalist legislative Federalist Nathaniel Peabody Paine Wingate Samuel Livermore x160px Nathaniel Peabody.jpg Paine wingate.jpg Samuel Livermore (cropped).jpg 1798–99 United States Senate elections 1798 1788–89 United States Senate elections 1788 New Hampshire 1792 no D0F0C0 Incumbent U.S. Senator Paine Wingate was not reelected. The New Hampshire General Court instead elected Federalist Samuel Livermore, a U.S. Representative, to the seat. Livermore, like his fellow senator, John Langdon, would go on to serve as President Pro-Tempore during this term.August 2019 New Jersey List of United States senators from New Jersey August 2019 North Carolina List of United States senators from North Carolina August 2019 Pro-Administration Samuel Johnston lost re-election to Anti-Administration Alexander Martin for the class 2 seat. The other senator, Benjamin Hawkins, switched his support from Pro- to Anti-Administration. Pennsylvania (special) 1793 United States Senate special election in Pennsylvania List of United States senators from Pennsylvania There was a special election on February 28, 1793, for the Class 1 seat from Pennsylvania. Incumbent William Maclay's term had ended on March 3, 1791, but the legislature failed to elect a successor due to a disagreement on the procedure to be followed in the election. The seat remained vacant until Albert Gallatin was elected by the Pennsylvania General Assembly to the seat during this election.U.S. Senate Election - 28 February 1793 https://staffweb.wilkes.edu/harold.cox/sen/PaSen1793.pdf Wilkes University December 21, 2012 Upon agreement between the two houses of the Pennsylvania General Assembly, the House of Representatives and the Senate, regarding the procedure to elect a new Senator, an election was finally held on February 28, 1793. The results of the vote of both houses combined are as follows: State Legislature Results Anti-Administration Party (US) Albert Gallatin 45 51.72% Pro-Administration Party (US) Henry Miller 35 40.23% Pro-Administration Party (US) Arthur St. Clair 1 1.15% Pro-Administration Party (US) William Irvine 1 1.15% N/A Not voting 5 5.75% 87 100% On February 28, 1794, the Senate determined that Gallatin did not satisfy the citizenship requirement for service and he was removed from office. He later went on to serve in the U.S. House of Representatives. Gallatin was replaced in the Senate by a special election in 1794.GALLATIN, Albert, (1761 - 1849) http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=G000020 Biographical Directory of the United States Congress December 21, 2012 Rhode Island List of United States senators from Rhode Island August 2019 South Carolina List of United States senators from South Carolina August 2019 Virginia List of United States senators from Virginia 1793 United States House of Representatives elections in Virginia Anti-Administration senator Richard Henry Lee resigned October 8, 1792, just before the March 3, 1793 end of term. Anti-administration John Taylor of Caroline was elected October 18, 1792 to finish Lee's term and then re-elected in 1793 to the next term. Special Virginia special electionVirginia 1792 U.S. Senate, Special https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:va.ussenate.special.1792 January 24, 2018 A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 Tufts University Digital Collections and Archives August 24, 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20190824004843/https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:va.ussenate.special.1792 dead (referencing Mattern, David B., J. C. A. Stagg, Jeanne K. Cross and Susan Holbrook Perdue, ed. The Papers of James Madison, Congressional Series. Vol. 14. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia Press, 1983. 392.) John Taylor of Caroline 90 55.6 Arthur Lee 39 24.1 Francis Corbin 33 20.4 Regular August 2019 See also 1792 United States elections 1792 United States presidential election 1792–93 United States House of Representatives elections 2nd United States Congress 3rd United States Congress References External links Party Division in the Senate, 1789–present via Senate.gov