2012 Myanmar by-elections

none November 2015 November 2015 2012 Myanmar by-election Myanmar parliamentary no 2010 Myanmar general election 2010 2015 Myanmar general election 2015 40 (of the 440) seats to the Pyithu Hluttaw (House of Representatives) 6 (of the 224) seats to the Amyotha Hluttaw (House of Nationalities) 2 seats to Regional Parliaments 1 April 2012 150x150px Thein Sein yes 2010 6 2 Union Solidarity and Development Party Did not contest 260 R / 128 N 220 R / 123 N 40 R / 5 N 150x150px Aung San Suu Kyi yes 1988 9 27 National League for Democracy Kawhmu (Pyithu) 0 R / 1 N 37 R / 5 N 37 R / 4 N 150x100px Sai Ai Pao yes 2010 4 8 Shan Nationalities Democratic Party Did not contest 18 R / 3 N 18 R / 4 N R / 1 N 100px100px Results of the election in the Pyithu Hluttaw and Amyotha Hluttaw in the 2010 General Election and by-elections up to December 2014. thumb|A woman places her ballot into the Pyithu Hluttaw representative election box in the April by-elections. The 2012 Myanmar by-elections were held on 1 April 2012.http://www.mherrera.org/elections.htm Electoral Calendar – international elections world elections 12 May 2011 26 May 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110526192300/http://www.mherrera.org/elections.htm live The elections were held to fill 48 vacant parliamentary seats.http://www.aljazeera.com/video/asia-pacific/2012/03/2012329184512429532.html Aela Callan High stakes in Myanmar election 29 March 2012 Al Jazeera 2 April 2012 16 June 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20190616105404/https://www.aljazeera.com/video/asia-pacific/2012/03/2012329184512429532.html livehttps://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5hgbHIX2zt3sT0p0HfJA2YoIgPxYw?docId=CNG.30b3d6dd8339de2bcb1a783e5b922d18.751 Myanmar sets by-election date Hla Hla Htay 30 December 2011 AFP 15 March 2012 https://archive.today/20120604051124/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5hgbHIX2zt3sT0p0HfJA2YoIgPxYw?docId=CNG.30b3d6dd8339de2bcb1a783e5b922d18.751 2012-06-04 Alt URL Three of those remained vacant as polling in three Kachin constituencies was postponed. There was no plan to fill the additional five seats cancelled in the 2010 election and one seat vacated after the death of a RNDP member. http://www.altsean.org/Research/Parliament%20Watch/Legislative/Peoples%20Assembly/Overview.php People's Assembly – Overview – Parliament Watch ALTSEAN Burma 2015-11-24 https://web.archive.org/web/20151205095943/http://www.altsean.org/Research/Parliament%20Watch/Legislative/Peoples%20Assembly/Overview.php 5 December 2015 dead dmy-all The main opposition party National League for Democracy was re-registered for the by-elections on 13 December 2011 as part of the reforms in Burma since 2010. It won in 43 of the 44 seats they contested (out of 45 available).https://edition.cnn.com/2012/04/04/world/asia/myanmar-elections/ Myanmar confirms sweeping election victory for Suu Kyi's party Kocha Olarn CNN 2012-04-04 2015-11-23 26 November 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151126024144/http://edition.cnn.com/2012/04/04/world/asia/myanmar-elections/ live Its leader Aung San Suu Kyi ran for the seat of Kawhmu,https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-16606608 Aung San Suu Kyi registers for Burma election run 18 January 2012 BBC News 15 March 2012 18 January 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20120118174259/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-16606608 live and won. Changes during the term of office House of Representatives 9 September 2011: Tun Aung Khaing (USDP) replaced Aung Kyaw Zan (RNDP) who had been removed from office. http://www.altsean.org/Research/Parliament%20Watch/Legislative/Peoples%20Assembly/MPs.php People's Assembly – MPs – Parliament Watch ALTSEAN Burma 2015-11-24 https://web.archive.org/web/20151204052308/http://www.altsean.org/Research/Parliament%20Watch/Legislative/Peoples%20Assembly/MPs.php 4 December 2015 dead dmy-all 1 March 2012: Aung Sein Tha (RNDP, Arakan State's Minbya constituency) died in office and was not replaced. House of Nationalities 28 January 2012: Bogyi a.k.a. Aung Ngwe (USDP, Sagaing Division constituency 2) died in office and was not replaced. http://www.altsean.org/Research/Parliament%20Watch/Legislative/National%20Assembly/Overview.php National Assembly – Overview – Parliament Watch ALTSEAN Burma 2015-11-24 https://web.archive.org/web/20120719183759/http://www.altsean.org/Research/Parliament%20Watch/Legislative/National%20Assembly/Overview.php 19 July 2012 dead dmy-all 2012: Phone Myint Aung (Rangoon Division constituency 3) left the NDF to join the NNDP. 5 February 2013: Tin Shwe (NDF, Rangoon Division constituency 6) resigned from his seat to become a Hotels and Tourism Deputy Minister and was not replaced. 2013: Maung Sa Pru (RNDP, Arakan State constituency 4) died in office and was not replaced. Election observers In February 2012, President Thein Sein remarked that the government would "seriously consider" allowing Southeast Asian observers from the Association of South East Asian Nations to observe the election.https://www.reuters.com/article/us-myanmar-election-idUSTRE81K0GK20120221 Myanmar says will consider ASEAN poll observers Petty Martin 21 February 2012 Reuters 15 March 2012 3 February 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160203015439/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-myanmar-election-idUSTRE81K0GK20120221 live The Burmese government confirmed that it had requested for ASEAN election observers to arrive on 28 March, five days before the election.http://www.dvb.no/news/burma-gets-asean-poll-monitor-boost/20949 Burma gets ASEAN poll monitor boost 20 March 2012 Democratic Voice of Burma 20 March 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20120325100147/http://www.dvb.no/news/burma-gets-asean-poll-monitor-boost/20949 25 March 2012 dead dmy-all Canada, United States, European Union, China, and North Korea, as well as ASEAN dialogue partners (India, Japan, New Zealand, South Korea, Russia and Australia), were also invited to observe the election, although it remained unclear the degree of access these international observers were to have.https://news.yahoo.com/myanmar-allow-us-eu-monitors-april-vote-144855008.html Myanmar will allow US, EU monitors for April vote Sopheng Cheang 21 March 2012 Associated Press 7 November 2015 14 November 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151114034617/http://news.yahoo.com/myanmar-allow-us-eu-monitors-april-vote-144855008.html livehttps://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-17455883 Burma invites US and EU observers to April by-elections 21 March 2012 BBC News 22 March 2012 21 March 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20120321205528/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-17455883 live The United States sent two election observers and three journalists.https://www.voanews.com/a/us-accepts-burmas-invitation-to-observe-april-vote-143686666/179907.html US Accepts Burma's Invitation to Observe April 1 Vote 21 March 2012 Voice of America 22 March 2012 30 March 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20120330023001/http://www.voanews.com/english/news/asia/US-Accepts-Burmas-Invitation-to-Observe-April-Vote-143686666.html live On 13 March 2012, the Union Election Commission approved political party monitors to monitor polling stations during the election.http://www.dvb.no/news/uec-okays-poll-monitors/20768 UEC okays poll monitors Shwe Aung 14 March 2012 Democratic Voice of Burma 15 March 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20120318043525/http://www.dvb.no/news/uec-okays-poll-monitors/20768 18 March 2012 dead dmy-all In the previous election, only Union Solidarity and Development Party monitors had been allowed to observe the elections and ballot counts. A civilian-led monitoring group, including members of the 88 Generation Students Group, also scrutinised election irregularities.http://www.rfa.org/english/news/burma/monitor-03232012154753.html Citizens to Monitor Elections 23 March 2012 Radio Free Asia 24 March 2012 11 September 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20190911194845/https://www.rfa.org/english/news/myanmar/monitor-03232012154753.html live On 28 March 2012, Canada's Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade sent a delegation consisting of Senator Consiglio Di Nino and Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Foreign Affairs Deepak Obhrai.http://www.international.gc.ca/media/aff/news-communiques/2012/03/28a.aspx?lang=eng&view=d Canada Sends Witnesses to Burmese By-Elections Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade 7 April 2012 28 March 2012 13 October 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20121013064439/http://www.international.gc.ca/media/aff/news-communiques/2012/03/28a.aspx?lang=eng&view=d live Pre-election controversies Aung Din of the US Campaign for Burma said that the Burmese government was exploiting the elections to have international economic sanctions lifted as quickly as possible, since a free and transparent election had been one of the conditions set by the European Union and American governments. Moreover, the National League for Democracy has pointed out irregularities in voter lists and rule violations by local election committees.http://www.rfa.org/english/news/burma/election-03212012170629.html Western Election Observers Invited 21 March 2012 Radio Free Asia 22 March 2012 On 21 March 2012, Aung San Suu Kyi was quoted as saying "Fraud and rule violations are continuing and we can even say they are increasing." With regard to the invitations of international election observers, a US State Department spokesperson said that the Burmese government fell short of expectations to accommodate observers during the entirety of the campaign season (as typically done), which is nearing the end, as a select number of observers were allowed only to observe the election:http://www.irrawaddy.org/article.php?art_id=23261 https://web.archive.org/web/20120322143844/http://irrawaddy.org/article.php?art_id=23261 dead 22 March 2012 Good First Step, But Short of Complete Transparency: US Kha Lalit K. 22 March 2012 The Irrawaddy 24 March 2012https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/prs/dpb/2012/03/186587.htm#BURMA Daily Press Briefing Nuland Victoria 21 March 2012 US Department of State 24 March 2012 Washington, DC 27 November 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20201127084205/https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/prs/dpb/2012/03/186587.htm#BURMA live "...it does fall short of international complete transparency on an election, and we hope they’ll continue to keep the system open, and open it further... A full-scale international observation effort would typically include quite a bit of pre-Election Day observation, systematic coverage on Election Day, post-election follow-up, and professional monitors from non-governmental organisations." Asian Network for Free Elections (ANFREL), a Bangkok-based election monitoring organisation, has publicly called the election observations inadequate, failing to meet international standards, being too restrictive (only two observers are allowed per government, or five for ASEAN nations), and coming too late (invitations were sent less than two weeks before the election date), all of which make it logistically impossible to monitor all 48 polling stations.http://anfrel.org/myanmar-election-observation-encouraging-but-inadequate/ Myanmar Election Observation Encouraging But Inadequate 22 March 2012 Asian Network for Free Elections 7 November 2015 Bangkok 6 April 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20120406160424/http://anfrel.org/myanmar-election-observation-encouraging-but-inadequate/ live On 20 March 2012, Somsri Hananuntasuk, executive director of ANFREL, was deported from Yangon, purportedly for entering the country on a tourist visa.http://www.asiantribune.com/news/2012/03/22/burma%E2%80%99s-election-monitoring-window-dressing Is Burma's election monitoring a window-dressing? Zin Linn 23 March 2012 Asia Tribune 24 March 2012 24 March 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20120324170957/http://www.asiantribune.com/news/2012/03/22/burma%E2%80%99s-election-monitoring-window-dressing live On 23 March 2012, the three by-elections in Kachin State, namely in the constituencies of Mogaung, Hpakant and Bhamo Townships, were postponed due to the security situation there.https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-17491613 Burma postpones by-elections in troubled Kachin state 23 March 2012 BBC News 2 April 2012 30 March 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20120330154115/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-17491613 livehttps://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/myanmar-postpones-vote-in-3-of-48-constituencies-because-of-security-concerns/2012/03/23/gIQAJ7cfVS_story.html https://web.archive.org/web/20120324083002/http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/myanmar-postpones-vote-in-3-of-48-constituencies-because-of-security-concerns/2012/03/23/gIQAJ7cfVS_story.html 24 March 2012 Myanmar postpones vote in three of 48 constituencies because of security concerns 23 March 2012 Associated Press 24 March 2012 dead Two days before the by-elections, at press conference, Suu Kyi remarked that the voter irregularities were "beyond what is acceptable for democratic elections," said she did not consider the campaign "genuinely free and fair" and referred to acts of intimidation (such as stone-throwing incidents and vandalism) toward party members.https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-17558542 Aung San Suu Kyi: Burma election not 'free and fair' 30 March 2012 BBC News 6 April 2012 3 April 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20120403064341/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-17558542 livehttps://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/mar/30/aung-san-suu-kyi-burmese-elections?newsfeed=true Aung San Suu Kyi criticises Burmese election irregularities Golluoglu Esmer 30 March 2012 The Guardian 6 April 2012 London 3 February 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160203015438/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/mar/30/aung-san-suu-kyi-burmese-elections?newsfeed=true live On 1 April, the opposition National League for Democracy alleged irregularities, claiming that ballot sheets had been tampered to allow the election commission to cancel the vote for Suu Kyi's party.Myanmar opposition alleges ballot irregularities https://montrealgazette.com/news/world/Myanmar+opposition+alleges+ballot+irregularities/6393115/story.html Montreal Gazette 1 April 2012November 2016 Two Australian MPs (Janelle Saffin and Mathias Cormann), who were selected to observe the by-elections as part of Australia's monitoring team, were denied visas to enter the country.http://www.dvb.no/news/australian-monitors-denied-visa-ahead-of-polls/21144 Australian monitors denied visas ahead of polls Hindstrom Hanna 30 March 2012 Democratic Voice of Burma 6 April 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20121107052825/http://www.dvb.no/news/australian-monitors-denied-visa-ahead-of-polls/21144 7 November 2012 dead dmy-all Aftermath Much of the international reaction on the by-elections revolved around the sanctions imposed by Western countries (including the United States, Australia, and the European Union). President Thein Sein and the Burmese government were eager to work with Aung San Suu Kyi to remove these measures.http://professional.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052702303299604577323484142162846.html?mod=googlenews_wsj&mg=reno-wsj Sanctions Worked in Burma 4 April 2012 Wall Street Journal 5 April 2012 President Thein Sein remarked that the by-elections were conducted "in a very successful manner."https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/myanmar-leader-praises-by-elections-that-put-suu-kyi-in-office-as-successful/2012/04/03/gIQAjsCWsS_story.html Myanmar leader praises by-elections that put Suu Kyi in office as 'successful' 6 April 2012 Associated Press 6 April 2012June 2021 medicmedic The Union Solidarity and Development Party said it would lodge official complaints to the Union Election Commission on poll irregularities, voter intimidation, and purported campaign incidents that involved National League for Democracy members and supporters.http://www.interaksyon.com/article/28768/myanmar-ruling-party-claims-poll-irregularities Myanmar ruling party claims poll irregularities 6 April 2012 Agence France-Presse InterAksyon.com 6 April 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20120407021408/http://www.interaksyon.com/article/28768/myanmar-ruling-party-claims-poll-irregularities 7 April 2012 dead dmy-allhttp://www.philstar.com/Article.aspx?articleId=793942&publicationSubCategoryId=200 https://archive.today/20120907091330/http://www.philstar.com/Article.aspx?articleId=793942&publicationSubCategoryId=200 dead 7 September 2012 Aquino lauds Myanmar by-election 2 April 2012 Xinhua 6 April 2012 The National League for Democracy also sent an official complaint to the commission, regarding ballots that it claimed had been tampered with wax.http://www.mizzima.com/news/by-election-2012/6879-nld-files-official-complaint-against-ballot-tampering.html https://web.archive.org/web/20120401155159/http://mizzima.com/news/by-election-2012/6879-nld-files-official-complaint-against-ballot-tampering.html dead 1 April 2012 NLD files official complaint against ballot tampering Ko Pauk 1 April 2012 Mizzima 6 April 2012 In response to the by-elections, a Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs spokesman said:https://www.reuters.com/article/china-myanmar-idUSL3E8F50CR20120405 China calls for all Myanmar sanctions to go after poll 5 April 2012 Reuters 6 April 2012 Ben Blanchard 8 May 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20130508164006/http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/04/05/china-myanmar-idUSL3E8F50CR20120405 live China has noted that some Western countries have said they will lift sanctions on Myanmar. China has had a consistent stance on this issue. We welcome moves by these countries to lift sanctions on Myanmar and call on all parties to fully lift sanctions on Myanmar as soon as possible. ASEAN leaders, including those from Cambodia, Malaysia, and Indonesia, called for the immediate removal of sanctions.http://www.businessweek.com/ap/2012-04/D9TUFA0O0.htm https://web.archive.org/web/20120407235530/http://www.businessweek.com/ap/2012-04/D9TUFA0O0.htm dead 7 April 2012 Southeast Asian leaders: Lift Myanmar sanctions 4 April 2012 Associated Press Bloomberg 7 November 2015 dmy-all Singapore's Prime Minister said the following: "President Thein Sein has been much bolder than many observers have expected. ASEAN is happy that Myanmar has been able to take these steps forward."http://www.todayonline.com/Singapore/EDC120405-0000070/Singapore-welcomes-Myanmars-progress--PM https://web.archive.org/web/20120407121418/http://www.todayonline.com/Singapore/EDC120405-0000070/Singapore-welcomes-Myanmars-progress--PM dead 7 April 2012 Singapore welcomes Myanmar's progress: PM Ramesh S 5 April 2012 Today 5 April 2012 dmy-all Australia's foreign minister, Bob Carr, said the Australian government was planning to loosen sanctions, but not abolish them altogether.http://www.theage.com.au/world/asean-leaders-call-for-sanctions-on-burma-to-be-lifted-20120404-1wd6p.html ASEAN leaders call for sanctions on Burma to be lifted Murdoch Lindsay 5 April 2012 The Age 5 April 2012 Melbourne 27 March 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20140327015954/http://www.theage.com.au/world/asean-leaders-call-for-sanctions-on-burma-to-be-lifted-20120404-1wd6p.html live US Senator John McCain, who had met with Aung San Suu Kyi in January 2012, said:http://www.irrawaddy.org/archives/1953 https://web.archive.org/web/20120406140110/http://www.irrawaddy.org/archives/1953 dead 6 April 2012 McCain Calls for Lifting of Sanctions Lalit K Jha 4 April 2012 The Irrawaddy 5 April 2012http://mccain.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?ContentRecord_id=7948a44d-af80-89dd-2292-175c349884e9&FuseAction=PressOffice.PressReleases Statement By Senator John McCain On Election In Burma McCain John 3 April 2012 United States Senate 5 April 2012 Washington, D.C. 7 April 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20120407212712/http://mccain.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=PressOffice.PressReleases&ContentRecord_id=7948a44d-af80-89dd-2292-175c349884e9 live We should now work with our many international partners to begin the process of easing sanctions on Burma. This will be a gradual and incremental process, and the U.S. Congress will have a critical role to play. On 4 April 2012, the Obama administration announced that it would nominate an ambassador to the country and ease some travel and finance restrictions, without specifying a time table.http://www.heraldtribune.com/article/20120404/APW/1204040928 US eases some Myanmar restrictions Lee Matthew 4 April 2012 Associated Press Herald Tribune 5 April 2012August 2026 InternetArchiveBot Secretary of State Hillary Clinton said of the elections:http://www.humanrights.gov/2012/04/04/secretary-hillary-clinton-on-recognizing-and-supporting-burma%E2%80%99s-democratic-reforms/ Secretary Hillary Clinton On Recognizing And Supporting Burma's Democratic Reforms Clinton Hillary Rodham 4 April 2012 U.S. Department of State 5 April 2012 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20120409192701/http://www.humanrights.gov/2012/04/04/secretary-hillary-clinton-on-recognizing-and-supporting-burma%E2%80%99s-democratic-reforms/ 9 April 2012 dmy-all The results of the April 1st parliamentary by-elections represents a dramatic demonstration of popular will that brings a new generation of reformers into government. This is an important step in the country’s transformation, which in recent months has seen the unprecedented release of political prisoners, new legislation broadening the rights of political and civic association, and fledgling process in internal dialogue between the government and ethnic minority groups. To normalise diplomatic relations between the countries, she also said that following the nomination of an ambassador, the US would establish USAID mission in Burma, ease restrictions on export of finance services and developmental assistance and facilitate travel for some government officials, although targeted sanctions toward "individuals and institutions that remain on the wrong side of these historic reform efforts" would remain in place. A few sanctions (in the financial, agriculture, tourism and telecommunications sectors), are directly controlled by the executive branch, but most of the imposed sanctions were legislated by Congress, and were to take a lengthy process to remove.https://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/05/world/asia/myanmar-sanctions.html U.S. Moves Toward Normalizing Relations With Myanmar Myers Steven Lee Thomas Fuller 4 April 2012 New York Times 5 April 2012 5 April 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20120405183332/http://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/05/world/asia/myanmar-sanctions.html live On 6 April 2012, the Obama administration nominated Derek Mitchell, who was then serving as the American special envoy to Burma, as United States Ambassador to Burma.US nominates first ambassador to Myanmar in years Robinson Gwen 6 April 2012 Financial Times The European Union, which had already eased some sanctions and travel restrictions (including on Thein Sein), agreed to review travel bans and asset freezes on individuals tied to the previous ruling junta, the State Peace and Development Council on 23 April 2012.http://www.nationmultimedia.com/national/EU-likely-to-further-eased-sanctions-on-Myanmar-sp-30179263.html EU likely to further eased sanctions on Myanmar : spokeswoman 3 April 2012 Deutsche Presse Agentur 5 April 2012 3 January 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20140103222301/http://www.nationmultimedia.com/national/EU-likely-to-further-eased-sanctions-on-Myanmar-sp-30179263.html dead UK Foreign Secretary William Hague suggested that easing of restrictions would be contingent on the release of political prisoners and further progress.http://mizzima.com/news/regional/6905-hague-calls-for-gradual-removal-of-sanctions.html http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20120407131957/http://www.mizzima.com/news/regional/6905-hague-calls-for-gradual-removal-of-sanctions.html dead 7 April 2012 Hague calls for gradual removal of sanctions 5 April 2012 Mizzima 5 April 2012 Other scholars noted that the by-elections, which were a relatively minor event, given the number of seats at stake, were not as defining and important as other steps toward national reconciliation.http://www.internationalpolicydigest.org/2012/04/04/do-elections-in-myanmar-signal-real-change/ https://web.archive.org/web/20121020043534/http://www.internationalpolicydigest.org/2012/04/04/do-elections-in-myanmar-signal-real-change/ usurped 20 October 2012 Do Elections in Myanmar Signal Real Change? 4 April 2012 International Policy Digest 5 April 2012 Some called removal of sanctions premature, while others considered sanctions ineffective in the reform process. Results House of Nationalities Six of the 224 seats in the Amyotha Hluttaw (House of Nationalities) were up for election. A by-election was not held in one remaining vacant seat, with this seat instead continuing to remain vacant until the 2015 General Election.November 2015 Party Votes Votes % Seats Won Seats % Change Seats Before Seats After http://www.altsean.org/Research/Parliament%20Watch/Legislative/National%20Assembly/Overview.php National Assembly – Overview – Parliament Watch ALTSEAN Burma https://web.archive.org/web/20120719183759/http://www.altsean.org/Research/Parliament%20Watch/Legislative/National%20Assembly/Overview.php 2012-07-19 National League for Democracy 4 66.6 4 1note In December 2011, Myat Nyana Soe (Rangoon Region constituency No. 4) left NDF and joined NLD. http://archive-2.mizzima.com/news/by-election-2012/6922-ndf-mps-rejoin-nld.html NDF MPs rejoin NLD Mizzima 2012-04-09 2015-11-24 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20151125082754/http://archive-2.mizzima.com/news/by-election-2012/6922-ndf-mps-rejoin-nld.html 25 November 2015 dmy-all 5Union Solidarity and Development Party 1 16.7 5 128note Bogyi On 28 January 2012, Bogyi a.k.a. Aung Ngwe (USDP, Sagaing Division constituency 2) deceased and was not replaced. 123National Unity Party (Burma) 0 0 Kokang Democracy and Unity Party 0 0 Lahu National Development Party 0 0 Shan Nationalities Democratic Party 1 16.7 1 3 4Unity and Peace Party 0 0 Vacant 0 0 1 1Total 100 6 100 224 224Source: ALTSEAN Burma House of Representatives 37 of the 440 seats in the Pyithu Hluttaw (House of Representatives) were up for election. By-elections were not held in seven remaining vacant seats, with these seats instead continuing to remain vacant until the 2015 General Election.November 2015 House of Representatives by-elections, 2012 National League for Democracy 37 37 37 92.5 Union Solidarity and Development Party 0 40 40 0 National Unity Party (Burma) 0 0 National Democratic Force 0 0 New National Democracy Party 0 0 Myanmar National Congress 0 0 All Mon Region Democracy Party 0 0 Democratic Party (Burma) 0 0 Pa-O National Organisation 0 0 Union of Myanmar Federation of National Politics 0 0 Modern People's Party 0 0 Independent (politician) 0 0 Vacant due to postponement 3 3 3 7.5 |- | style="text-align:left;" colspan="2"|Total||40|| || || ||100||100|| || |- | style="text-align:left;" colspan="10"|Source: ALTSEAN Burma |- State and Regional Hluttaws 2 of the 860 seats in the State and Regional Hluttaws were up for election. Regional Parliaments by-elections, 2012 National League for Democracy 2 2 2 100 Union Solidarity and Development Party 0 2 2 0 |- | colspan=2|Total||2|| || || ||100|| || || |- | style="text-align:left;" colspan="10"|Source:https://welections.wordpress.com/2012/04/06/burma-by-elections-2012/ Burma (Myanmar) by-elections 2012 glhermine World Elections 2012-04-06 2015-11-23 25 November 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151125012746/https://welections.wordpress.com/2012/04/06/burma-by-elections-2012/ live |- By Constituency House of Nationalities (Amyotha Hluttaw) Sagaing № 3 Myint Naing National League for Democracy 169727 Tin Maung Win Union Solidarity and Development Party 55771 Bo Myint Aung National Unity Party 13898 U Hla San Shan Nationalities Democratic Party 4053 22106 424206 UEC Sagaing № 7 Tin Mya Union Solidarity and Development Party 70481 Chit Han National Unity Party 39285 Mar Kyin Shan Nationalities Democratic Party 28167 13787 146502 UEC Bago № 7 Min Oo National League for Democracy 81867 Than Than Nwe Union Solidarity and Development Party 27124 7986 177378 UEC Magway № 4 Aung Kyi Nyunt National League for Democracy 76767 Maung Maung Win Union Solidarity and Development Party 33389 Maung Win (Aung Win) National Unity Party 5404 Aung Than Tin Unity and Peace Party 1508 10208 174679 UEC Shan № 3 Sai Sam Min Shan Nationalities Democratic Party 47420 Sai Myint Maung National League for Democracy 45722 Nang Keng Phawng Tip Union Solidarity and Development Party 45711 Luo Xingguang (Law Shin Kwan) Kokang Democracy and Unity Party 17889 Yaw Thup Lahu National Development Party 6350 15532 299755 UEC Ayeyarwady № 10 Thein Swe National League for Democracy 136413 Aye Kyaing Union Solidarity and Development Party 49650 Mahn Thein Hla National Unity Party 8728 U Kyaw Lin Modern People's Party 4024 15644 339632 UEC House of Representatives (Pyithu Hluttaw) Sagaing Khin Maung Thein National League for Democracy 95369 Soe Naing Union Solidarity and Development Party 29266 9176 201502 UEC Pale Khin San Hlaing National League for Democracy 43946 Htay Naing Union Solidarity and Development Party 20133 Hein Htet Aung People's Democracy Party 831 5298 93360 UEC Mingin Khin Hmway Lwin National League for Democracy 27982 San Win Union Solidarity and Development Party 19779 Htay Aung National Unity Party 1828 3199 67106 UEC Kyunsu Tin Tin Yi National League for Democracy 35965 Chit Than Union Solidarity and Development Party 15448 5647 75798 UEC Launglon Aung Soe National League for Democracy 36865 Sein Maung Union Solidarity and Development Party 7961 3393 57034 UEC Taungoo Aung Soe Myint National League for Democracy 78956 Wai Wai Tha Union Solidarity and Development Party 26908 Win Tun National Democratic Force 3218 7171 164477 UEC Htantabin, Bago Sein Htun National League for Democracy 30387 Kyaw Kyaw Oo Union Solidarity and Development Party 10964 Tin Win National Unity Party 2516 Thet Oo Unity and Peace Party 744 3563 71827 UEC Letpadan Kyaw Min National League for Democracy 54527 Aung Thein Union Solidarity and Development Party 9425 Win Hlaing National Unity Party 2627 Nan Kyu Than Win National Democratic Force 1388 5833 118812 UEC Thanatpin Myint Oo National League for Democracy 36416 Sein Htoo Union Solidarity and Development Party 9114 Than Hlaing National Unity Party 1991 4280 94554 UEC Pakokku Paik Ko National League for Democracy 108681 Kyaw Tint Union Solidarity and Development Party 30612 11564 193375 UEC Pwintbyu Aung Myo Nyo National League for Democracy 55336 Tint Lwin Union Solidarity and Development Party 20869 Kyaw Ma Soe League of National Political Alliances 1538 Tint Lwin National Unity Party 1458 5926 113053 UEC Magway Myint Thein National League for Democracy 95885 Aung Thein Kyaw Union Solidarity and Development Party 29815 Hla Myint National Unity Party 3827 Kyaw Sein Han National Democratic Force 2570 7775 179358 UEC Myaing Myint Aung National League for Democracy 75065 Kyaw Myint Than Union Solidarity and Development Party 25428 8212 158080 UEC Yesagyo Tin Htay Aung National League for Democracy 71352 Bo Win Union Solidarity and Development Party 29833 Han Shin Win Independent 3162 9070 143551 UEC Zabuthiri Sanda Min National League for Democracy 23285 Win Htay Union Solidarity and Development Party 17796 1641 53261 UEC Dekkhinathiri Naing Ngan Lin National League for Democracy 7491 Maung Shein Union Solidarity and Development Party 4245 969 16931 UEC Pobbathiri Phyo Zeya Thaw National League for Democracy 23651 Tha Htay Union Solidarity and Development Party 19170 Lwin Myint Than Independent 557 3293 56941 UEC Ottarathiri Min Thu National League for Democracy 15178 Hla Thein Swe Union Solidarity and Development Party 9092 Kyi Myint National Unity Party 1242 2171 37935 UEC Tada-U Khin Thanda National League for Democracy 37337 Aung Mon Union Solidarity and Development Party 20487 Nan Htaik Zaw National Democratic Force 1105 San Htun Unity and Peace Party 569 6633 93634 UEC Kyaukpadaung Zaw Myint Maung National League for Democracy 85910 Aung Win Kyi Union Solidarity and Development Party 34053 10631 206007 UEC Natogyi Paw Khin National League for Democracy 44703 Soe Naing Win Union Solidarity and Development Party 23452 Aung Than National Unity Party 1695 7954 141010 UEC Maha Aungmye Ohn Kyaing National League for Democracy 78436 Than Htun Union Solidarity and Development Party 6785 Tun Kyi National Unity Party 1171 Than Thing Oo People's Democracy Party 428 Hla Ko National Democratic Force 405 Sein Hla Independent 191 Nyunt Oo Independent 106 Kyaw Kyaw Independent 76 4294 131567 UEC Meiktila Win Htein National League for Democracy 62098 Hla Myint Union Solidarity and Development Party 48067 Myint Myint Aye Independent 6378 Win Zan Union of Myanmar Federation of National Politics 2650 13814 207400 UEC Pyinoolwin Kyaw Thiha National League for Democracy 54327 Khin Maung Win Union Solidarity and Development Party 34151 5870 133805 UEC Mawlamyine Khin Htay Kywe National League for Democracy 71480 Tin Soe Moe Naing Union Solidarity and Development Party 19648 Myint Myint Wai All Mon Region Democracy Party 4824 Aung Than Oo National Unity Party 2082 5964 101735 UEC Kawhmu Aung San Suu Kyi National League for Democracy 55902 Soe Min Union Solidarity and Development Party 9172 Tin Yi Unity and Peace Party 397 2599 87716 UEC Dagon Seikkan Myo Aung National League for Democracy 36126 Aung Win Union Solidarity and Development Party 10365 Win Myint National Unity Party 497 Kyi Myint National Democratic Force 490 Win Shwe New National Democracy Party 225 Tin Aung Myanmar National Congress 185 Myo Nyunt People's New Democratic Party 166 2554 81584 UEC Mayangon May Win Myint National League for Democracy 60216 Ye Htut Union Solidarity and Development Party 14475 Khin Hlaing (Zawtika) Independent 1243 Khin Phyu Phyu Nyein National Democratic Force 1162 Ye Min Thein (Yatha) New National Democracy Party 414 Hayma Htay Myanmar National Congress 149 2811 137150 UEC Mingala Taungnyunt Phyu Phyu Thin National League for Democracy 55819 Lei Lei Aye Union Solidarity and Development Party 5977 Thu Wai Democratic Party 798 Phone Myint New National Democracy Party 765 Kaung Myint Htut Myanmar National Congress 140 2913 102908 UEC Hlegu Phyo Min Thein National League for Democracy 63600 Aung Myat Thu Union Solidarity and Development Party 32252 Zin Aung People's New Democracy Party 1147 6842 151401 UEC Thongwa Su Su Lwin National League for Democracy 44889 Aung Kyaw Min Union Solidarity and Development Party 18005 Kyi Than National Democratic Force 1612 Aung Gyi People's New Democracy Party 914 5925 112790 UEC Kalaw Daw Than Ngwe National League for Democracy 43940 Mya Win Union Solidarity and Development Party 17905 Khun Than Maung Pa-O National Organisation 10258 Khin Maung Hla National Unity Party 1711 Sao Tha Oo Shan Nationalities Democratic Party 607 6167 98393 UEC Pathein Win Myint National League for Democracy 109326 Aung Tin Myint Union Solidarity and Development Party 34645 Tin Win National Democratic Force 3388 10127 217996 UEC Maubin Sein Win Han (Sein Win) National League for Democracy 69015 Myo Thant Tin Union Solidarity and Development Party 55558 Maung Maung Thin National Unity Party 4206 Khin Su Su Aung National Democratic Force 3858 Thein Shwe Modern People's Party 1183 12957 202953 UEC Myaungmya Mahn Johnny National League for Democracy 80573 Phyo Ko Ko Tint San Union Solidarity and Development Party 40973 Aung Myo Hlaing National Democratic Force 2148 8129 184856 UEC Myanaung Kyaw Myint National League for Democracy 75231 Than Htut Union Solidarity and Development Party 21605 Win Hlaing National Unity Party 3461 11853 151922 UEC Wakema Myint Myint San National League for Democracy 79733 Htun Aung Kyaw Union Solidarity and Development Party 32374 Than Aung National Unity Party 8707 Ri Ri San Modern People's Party 3221 11190 184965 UEC Regional Parliaments Bago Region Hluttaw's Kawa Township № 2 by-election, 2012 National League for Democracy Myo Khaing Union Solidarity and Development Party Aye Win National Unity Party (Burma) Kyi Lwin Ayeyarwady Region Hluttaw's Yekyi Township № 2 by-election, 2012 National League for Democracy Hla Myat Thway Union Solidarity and Development Party Tin Soe National Unity Party (Burma) Win Kyi See also 2011–2012 Burmese political reforms Notes note References 30em 2012 Category:2012 elections in Asia Elections Category:April 2012 in Asia Category:Burmese democracy movements Category:Politics of Myanmar