1 Samuel 25

First Book of Samuel chapter 1 Samuel 25 1 Samuel 24 chapter 24 1 Samuel 26 chapter 26 First book of Samuel Old Testament 9 Nevi'im 3 Former Prophets Leningrad-codex-08-samuel.pdf 250px The pages containing the Books of Samuel (1 & 2 Samuel) in Leningrad Codex (1008 CE). 1 Samuel 25 is the twenty-fifth chapter of the First Book of Samuel in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible or the first part of the Books of Samuel in the Hebrew Bible.Halley 1965 182 Jewish tradition attributes the book to the prophet Samuel, with later additions by the prophets Gad and Nathan;Hirsch Emil G. SAMUEL, BOOKS OF http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/13080-samuel-books-of www.jewishencyclopedia.com modern scholarship, however, regards it as a compilation of independent texts dated to 630–540 y.Knight 1995 62Jones 2007 197 This chapter contains the account of David's escape from Saul's repeated attempts to kill him.Jones 2007 209Coogan 2007 433 Hebrew Bible This is within a section comprising 1 Samuel 16 to 2 Samuel 5 which records the rise of David as the king of Israel.Jones 2007 207 Text This chapter was originally written in Biblical Hebrew. It is divided into 22 verses. Textual witnesses Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Textual tradition, which includes the Codex Cairensis (895), Aleppo Codex (10th century), and Codex Leningradensis (1008).Würthwein 1995 35-37 Fragments containing parts of this chapter in Hebrew were found among the Dead Sea Scrolls including 4Q51 (4QSama; 100–50 BCE) with extant verses 3–12, 20–21, 25–27, 38–40Ulrich 2010 285–286Dead sea scrolls - 1 SamuelFitzmyer 2008 354Q51 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library and 4Q53 (4QSamc; 100–75 BCE) with extant verses 30–31.Ulrich 2010 285–286Fitzmyer 2008 354Q53 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library Extant ancient manuscripts of a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint (originally was made in the last few centuries BCE) include Codex Vaticanus (B; B; 4th century) and Codex Alexandrinus (A; A; 5th century).Würthwein 1995 73-74The whole book of 1 Samuel is missing from the extant Codex Sinaiticus.Codex Sinaiticus Places Israel 240 right Ancient Israel Places mentioned in this chapter Israel 31.703056 35.195556 Red_pog.svg 6 Bethlehem 100 right Israel 31.823333 35.231111 Red_pog.svg 6 Gibeah 100 left Israel 31.533333 35.095 Red_pog.svg 6 Hebron 100 left Israel 31.409444 35.133889 Blue_pog.svg 6 Maon 100 right Israel 31.4225 35.131111 Blue_pog.svg 6 Carmel 100 left Israel 31.85 35.23167 Blue_pog.svg 6 Ramah 100 top Israel 31.45 35.383333 Red_pog.svg 6 Engedi 100 right Carmel Maon Paran Ramah Death of Samuel (verse 1) And Samuel died; and all the Israelites were gathered together, and lamented him, and buried him in his house at Ramah. And David arose, and went down to the wilderness of Paran.1 Samuel 25:1 HE Samuel's death was at a time when Saul had acknowledged the issue of succession (24:20) and that David, the one anointed by Samuel, would come to the throne.Jones 2007 212 "The wilderness of Paran" (hbo מִדְבַּר פָּארָן midbar Paʾran yes yes): According to the Masoretic Text; the Septuagint has "the wilderness of Maon".Jones 2007 212 David, Nabal, and Abigail (verses 2–44) thumb|right|250px|David and Abigail, 1860 woodcut by Julius Schnorr von Karolsfeld The accounts in 1 Samuel 24 and 26 report David's refusal to kill Saul as God's anointed one (hbo מָשִׁיחַ māšīaḥ none yes), but in this chapter, he was almost guilty of killing many innocent people in the household of Nabal and Abigail, who lived in Maon.Coogan 2007 437 Hebrew Bible Nabal (hbo נָבָל Nāḇāl fool none yes) was a "surly and mean" man, but his wife, Abigail, was "clever and beautiful", personifying the fool and the virtuous wife in Jewish wisdom literature, respectively.Jones 2007 212 The first part of the narrative (verses 2–12) details how Nabal foolishly refused David's request for provision, which was carefully structured in verses 5–8:Jones 2007 212 The offer of peace and friendship to Nabal and his household. A reminder that Nabal's shepherds were not harmed when they were with David's men (i.e., easily verifiable). A request for supplies as compensation for David's protection of Nabal's shepherds.Jones 2007 212 Nabal acted arrogantly in his two questions in verse 10, dismissing David as insignificant and possibly implying he is aware of David's conflict with Saul ("men who come from I do not know where").Jones 2007 212 The reference to Nabal as a hbo-latn ben blliya'al (hbo בֶּן־בְּלִיַּעַל ben-bəliyyaʿal son of worthlessness none yes) in verse 17 may classify him with those who despised Saul when he was king-elect (1 Samuel 10:27) and suggest that Nabal also was rejecting a king-elect and refusing to pay him tribute.1 Samuel 10:24 heJones 2007 212 Angry from the humiliation, David was in danger of taking matters into his own hand and not relying on YHWH; he was saved, however, from taking foolish action through the interference of Abigail, who was informed of the situation by one of Nabal's servants who liked David and was critical of his master's rash response (verses 14–18). Abigail intercepted David as he was on his way to annihilate the house of Nabal (verse 22) without consulting her husband, whom she also counted as a fool (verse 25).Jones 2007 212 She carried provisions to David and his men, among which were bread, wine, clusters of raisins, and fig-cakes, which assuaged the wrath of David's men. Without Abigail's intervention, David would have become guilty of blood-guilt and taken vengeance with his men instead of restraining himself and trusting God, as detailed in Abigail's words (verses 26–31) and David's response (verses 32–34).Jones 2007 212 When Nabal died of sickness, David remembered Abigail (verse 30) and decided to take her as his wife, which gave David another advantage: the house of Nabal was a prominent member of the Calebite clan and had control over Hebron, so marrying Nabal's widow would give David control of a territory that would later be significant when David was later declared king at Hebron (2 Samuel 2:1–4).The reasoning being similar to why he married Ahinoam of Jezreel as another wife.Jones 2007 212 Verse 5 So David sent ten young men. And David said to the young men, "Go up to Carmel, and go to Nabal and greet him in my name".1 Samuel 25:5 ESV "Carmel" (hbo yes none כַּרְמֶל karmel, orchard vineyard land): the same place where Saul built a monument for himself (1 Samuel 15:12), so Nabal could actually be a supporter of Saul.Evans 2018 257 Verse 39 So when David heard that Nabal was dead, he said, "Blessed be the , who has pleaded the cause of my reproach from the hand of Nabal, and has kept His servant from evil! For the has returned the wickedness of Nabal on his own head." And David sent and proposed to Abigail, to take her as his wife.1 Samuel 25:39 NKJV Abigail became David's third wife, Michal—who had been given in marriage to another man by Saul 1 Samuel 25:44—and Ahinoam of Jezreel having preceded her.1 Samuel 25:43–44 heNot the same as Ahinoam, the wife of Saul.Evans 2018 257Coogan 2007 439 Hebrew Bible See also 22em Anointing Belial Caleb Drunkenness Israelites Jesse Israel Laish Michal Phalti Philistines Sling (weapon) Related Bible parts: 1 Samuel 24, 1 Samuel 26, 1 Chronicles 3 Notes References Sources Commentaries on Samuel Auld Graeme 1 & 2 Samuel https://books.google.com/books?id=2Vo-11umIZQC&pg=PA213 James D. G. Dunn and John William Rogerson Eerdmans Commentary on the Bible Eerdmans 2003 9780802837110 Bergen David T. 1, 2 Samuel https://books.google.com/books?id=eGT6fWsajqcC B&H Publishing Group 1996 9780805401073 Chapman Stephen B. 1 Samuel as Christian Scripture: A Theological Commentary Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company 2016 978-1467445160 https://books.google.com/books?id=kS4XDAAAQBAJ Evans Paul 1-2 Samuel The Story of God Bible Commentary Tremper Longman Zondervan Academic 2018 978-0310490944 https://books.google.com/books?id=Uy8-DwAAQBAJ Gordon Robert I & II Samuel, A Commentary https://books.google.com/books?id=JMJ1ZAnswuUC&dq=I+%26+II+Samuel:+a+commentary+Gordon&pg=PA338 Paternoster Press 1986 9780310230229 Hertzberg Hans Wilhelm I & II Samuel, A Commentary https://books.google.com/books?id=friNN7IdjOIC&q=Saul+appointed+anointed+instituted&pg=PA19 Westminster John Knox Press 1964 trans. from German 2nd edition 1960 978-0664223182 19 Tsumura David Toshio The First Book of Samuel https://books.google.com/books?id=iLKAlhLDkMwC Eerdmans 2007 9780802823595 General Breytenbach Andries Past, Present, Future: the Deuteronomistic History and the Prophets Brill 2000 Who Is Behind The Samuel Narrative? https://books.google.com/books?id=uP22QHpnKq8C&dq=Breytenbach+Who+is+behind+the+Samuel+narrative&pg=PA50 Johannes Cornelis de Moor and H.F. Van Rooy 9789004118713 Coogan Michael David Michael D. Coogan The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books: New Revised Standard Version, Issue 48 Coogan Michael David Marc Zvi Brettler Carol Ann Newsom Pheme Perkins Augmented 3rd Oxford University Press 2007 978-0195288810 https://books.google.com/books?id=HmpMPgAACAAJ Fitzmyer Joseph A. Joseph Fitzmyer A Guide to the Dead Sea Scrolls and Related Literature William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company https://books.google.com/books?id=TILXeWJ2eNAC 2008 9780802862419 Grand Rapids, MI Halley Henry H. Henry Hampton Halley Halley's Bible Handbook: an abbreviated Bible commentary 24th (revised) Zondervan Publishing House 1965 https://archive.org/details/halleysbiblehand00henr registration 0-310-25720-4 Hayes Christine Introduction to the Bible Yale University Press 2015 https://books.google.com/books?id=SKbkXYHxvlAC 978-0300188271 Jones Gwilym H. 12. 1 and 2 Samuel The Oxford Bible Commentary John Barton John Barton (theologian) John Muddiman John Muddiman Oxford University Press first (paperback) 2007 196–232 978-0199277186 https://books.google.com/books?id=ZJdVkgEACAAJ February 6, 2019 Klein R.W. Samuel, books of https://books.google.com/books?id=6OJvO2jMCr8C Bromiley, Geoffrey W The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia Eerdmans 2003 9780802837844 Knight Douglas A https://books.google.com/books?id=SNLN1nEEys0C&q=630+BCE&pg=PA62 James Luther Mays, David L. Petersen and Kent Harold Richards Chapter 4 Deuteronomy and the Deuteronomists Old Testament Interpretation T&T Clark 1995 9780567292896 Ulrich Eugene The Biblical Qumran Scrolls: Transcriptions and Textual Variants 2010 Brill https://archive.org/details/TheBiblicalQumranScrolls Würthwein Ernst Ernst Würthwein The Text of the Old Testament Wm. B. Eerdmans Grand Rapids, MI 1995 Erroll F. Rhodes 0-8028-0788-7 https://books.google.com/books?id=FSNKSBObCYwC January 26, 2019 External links Jewish translations: Shmuel I - I Samuel - Chapter 25 (Judaica Press). Hebrew text and English translation [with Rashi's commentary] at Chabad.org Christian translations: Online Bible at GospelHall.org (ESV, KJV, Darby, American Standard Version, Bible in Basic English) 1 Samuel chapter 25. Bible Gateway 25 Category:Samuel Category:David