1993 Bataan gubernatorial recall election

September 2022 September 2022 1993 Bataan gubernatorial recall election presidential Governor of Bataan no 1992 Bataan local elections 1992 1995 1995 Bataan local elections December 20, 1993 3x4.svg Ding Roman Lakas–NUCD 77,892 51.30 Rep. Enrique T. Garcia (16th Congress).jpg Tet Garcia Nationalist People's Coalition 73,958 48.70 1993 Bataan recall gubernatorial election results per municipality.png 95 Governor Tet Garcia Ding Roman Nationalist People's Coalition Lakas–NUCD The 1993 Bataan gubernatorial recall election was held on December 20, 1993 in the province of Bataan, Philippines. Former governor Ding Roman defeated incumbent Tet Garcia in the recall election to become governor of Bataan. Electoral system Recall elections are allowed by Republic Act No. 7160 or the 1991 Local Government Code of the Philippines. A recall can be initiated by a petition of at least 25% of the registered voters in the local government unit (LGU) concerned. A resolution from a preparatory recall assembly composed of all of the elected local officials in the LGU concerned is another method of initiating a recall election. An official could be subjected to a recall only once during one's term of office, and from one year after the official took office, up to one year before the next regularly scheduled election.May 2, 2012 Title Two – Chapter 5 http://www.comelec.gov.ph/?r=References/RelatedLaws/RA7160/LGCB1/LGCB1T2/LGCB1T2Ch5 May 10, 2015 comelec.gov.ph Provincial governors are elected via first-past-the-post voting. Background Then congressman Tet Garcia defeated governor Ding Roman in the 1992 gubernatorial election.Atadero Arnold December 20, 1993 Bataan votes today https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=T5UVAAAAIBAJ&sjid=3woEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6551%2C3072039 August 26, 2022 news.google.com On July 7, 1993, a preparatory recall assembly (PRA) voted to recall Garcia, with 74 affirmative votes out of possible 144 votes, or just two votes more than a majority, citing "loss of confidence." The PRA included mostly of people who opposed Garcia, citing as Garcia proponents won't vote to recall anyway, so they were not invited. The Commission on Elections (COMELEC) scheduled the recall election on October 11, 1993. The COMELEC earmarked at least 7 million pesos for the election, where a total of 266,542 voters were registered for the 1992 election, with Garcia, running under the Nationalist People's Coalition (NPC) getting 95,536 votes, about 15,000 votes more than Roman, who ran under the Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino (LDP). Among the 74 who recalled Garcia, most were either from the LDP or the Liberal Party of congressman Felicito Payumo, while only 7 were from the NPC.Esconde Ernie B. September 5, 1993 Comelec to spend P7-M in Bataan special polls https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=r2YVAAAAIBAJ&sjid=FwsEAAAAIBAJ&pg=4812,522491 September 3, 2022 news.google.com The Manila Standard thumb|Balanga city plaza as it appeared in 2023 Garcia sued for relief in the Supreme Court, which granted his petition on September 21 for lack of due process. Two days later, Mariveles mayor Oscar de los Reyes moved to recall Garcia again. The PRA reconvened in the Balanga town plaza, was attended by pro-Garcia politicians, who walked out of the proceedings. The assembly voted to recall Garcia once again, this time with 87 votes in favor, well above the 72 required.Esconde Ernie September 27, 1993 Bataan execs move to recall Garcia again https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=s2YVAAAAIBAJ&sjid=FwsEAAAAIBAJ&pg=4987,3868865 August 26, 2022 news.google.com The Manila Standard By November, the COMELEC asked the government 6.4 million pesos for the conduct of the recall election, and it was expecting one or two candidates to challenge Garcia.Atadero Arnold November 29, 1993 Comelec seeks P6.4-M for Bataan special polls https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=72FhAAAAIBAJ&sjid=4AoEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6368,4022997 August 27, 2022 news.google.com A week later, it ordered all of the candidates to a meeting. It was reported that only Roman submitted his candidacy, under the ruling Lakas–NUCD; the commission explained that Garcia is not required to submit his candidacy.Atadero Arnold December 6, 1993 Comelec calls Bataan candidates to meeting https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=R5UVAAAAIBAJ&sjid=3woEAAAAIBAJ&pg=4227,797836 August 26, 2022 news.google.com The Manila Standard Campaign Garcia then sought to disqualify Roman from running, citing he had an election billboard larger than the allowable size in Balanga; meanwhile, the COMELEC investigated Garcia for having advertisements favoring him in Manila newspapers.Atadero Arnold December 14, 1993 Bataan candidates trade raps https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=S5UVAAAAIBAJ&sjid=3woEAAAAIBAJ&pg=4944,2170787 August 26, 2022 news.google.com The COMELEC then dismissed an attempt by Garcia to stop the election via a technicality, saying that it assumes all expenses for recall elections under the national budget via its contingency fund.December 16, 1993 Tet's offensive to halt recall poll foiled anew https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=72FhAAAAIBAJ&sjid=4AoEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6368%2C4022997 August 26, 2022 news.google.com The Manila Standard Both candidates were then accused of buying votes.December 18, 1993 Both Garcia, Roman faces charges of vote-buying https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=TZUVAAAAIBAJ&sjid=3woEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6560,2734891 August 26, 2022 news.google.com The Manila Standard On the eve of the election, the COMELEC deputized the Philippine National Police (PNP) to keep the peace, of which 538 came from Bataan PNP, and 300 came from the Central Luzon PNP in San Fernando, Pampanga. Both candidates have claimed to have the support of the ruling Lakas–NUCD of president Fidel V. Ramos.Esconde Ernie December 19, 1993 All is set for Bataan recall polls tomorrow https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=r2YVAAAAIBAJ&sjid=FwsEAAAAIBAJ&pg=4812%2C522491 August 26, 2022 news.google.com The Manila Standard Results There were about 266,500 registered voters for the recall election. The police estimated support to be at 52:48 in favor of Roman. The COMELEC, on criticism that it scheduled the election during the Christmas season, countered that it will be more expensive to hold it on the following year. They also expressed optimism that either candidate will be proclaimed on election night. The Iglesia ni Cristo (INC) reportedly boycotted the election, instructing its 15,000 adherents in Bataan to abstain from voting, with expulsion from the church being the penalty if one voted. The INC's support has been credited with Garcia's victory in 1992. Garcia had been trailing in the INC's surveys prior to the election, but he countered by saying that "things are different now" as he is now the incumbent. The COMELEC reported no acts of violence during election day.Robles Jojo Atadero Arnold December 21, 1993 INC boycotts Bataan polls https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=UJUVAAAAIBAJ&sjid=3woEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6426,3198902 August 26, 2022 news.google.com The Manila Standard During the canvassing of votes, Garcia's camp had petitioned to prevent votes from certain places from being counted.Robles Jojo December 22, 1993 Garcia lawyers stall count https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=UZUVAAAAIBAJ&sjid=3woEAAAAIBAJ&pg=3878,3325832 August 26, 2022 news.google.com The Manila Standard By December 23, only ballots from Dinalupihan, considered a stronghold of Roman, were remaining to be counted, with Roman leading by 574 votes.Atadero Arnold Esconde Ernie Villanueva Marichu December 23, 1993 Roman win seen https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=UpUVAAAAIBAJ&sjid=3woEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6480,3465689 August 26, 2022 news.google.com The Manila Standard The next day, canvassing of votes was finished, but the COMELEC could not declare a winner because disqualification cases were still pending. Roman emerged with a lead of almost 4,000 votes.December 24, 1993 Bataan winner: Waiting game https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=UpUVAAAAIBAJ&sjid=3woEAAAAIBAJ&pg=5026,3598231 August 26, 2022 news.google.com The Manila Standard 1993 Bataan gubernatorial recall election Ding Roman Lakas–NUCD 77892 Tet Garcia Nationalist People's Coalition 73958 3934 2.59 266542 56.97 Lakas–NUCD gain from Nationalist People's Coalition +Results per municipalityMunicipality GarciaRomanPercent of valid votes Nationalist People's Coalition Lakas-NUCDAbucay6,2195,7197.86%Bagac3,9333,0434.59%Balanga10,50310,11113.58%Dinalupihan5,1129,8489.85%Hermosa4,4346,9717.51%Limay5,8835,4347.45%Mariveles9,7708,63612.12%Morong3,2593,1964.25%Orani8,3779,11311.52%Orion9,0595,1539.36%Pilar5,1725,0826.75%Samal2,2375,5865.15%Bataan73,95877,892100% The commission gave Garcia five working days to submit his pre-proclamation protests. They gave February 10, 1994 the earliest date that they can resolve the issue.Atadero Arnold December 25, 1993 Comelec gives Garcia protest deadline https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=UpUVAAAAIBAJ&sjid=3woEAAAAIBAJ&pg=5026,3598231 August 26, 2022 news.google.com People from Bataan expressed disappointment with the delay of the proclamation, as Garcia protested the inclusion of 99 election returns from Dinalupihan.December 26, 1993 Proclamation delay alarms Bataan folk https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=VJUVAAAAIBAJ&sjid=3woEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6554,3851152 August 26, 2022 news.google.com The Manila Standard The COMELEC heard Garcia's petitions to disqualify Roman.Atadero Arnold 1993-12-29 Now it's Roman's turn at Comelec griddle https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=V5UVAAAAIBAJ&sjid=3woEAAAAIBAJ&pg=5867,4322786 2023-10-08 Google Newspaper archive Manila Standard They then dismissed all petitions, but ordered recanvassing of votes from the questioned municipalities.1994-01-18 Tet loses 5 cases, but wins reprieve https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=SpcVAAAAIBAJ&sjid=CwsEAAAAIBAJ&pg=4027,2540280 2023-10-08 Google Newspaper archive Manila Standard In March 1994, the Supreme Court stopped the COMELEC and the Bataan provincial board of canvassers in proclaiming Roman as the winner until the COMELEC has decided on the disqualification case against him. The COMELEC would have proclaimed Roman as the winner on the following week if not for the court preventing them from doing so.Lanuza Angelo 1994-03-03 SC stops Roman's proclamation https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=YJMVAAAAIBAJ&sjid=4woEAAAAIBAJ&pg=2928,401321 2023-07-15 news.google.com The Manila Standard By April, the COMELEC's first division dismissed another petition from Garcia, this time saying that it was Roman who was behind the "boycott the (recall) polls" leaflets from helicopters on polling day, supposedly dissuading his voters from turning out.Comelec junks Tet Garcia's bid to disqualify Ding Roman https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=amYVAAAAIBAJ&sjid=5goEAAAAIBAJ&pg=4702,2552238 2023-10-08 news.google.com A day later, the Supreme Court dismissed Roman's petition to lift the restraining order on the proclamation of the winner.1994-04-22 SC rejects Roman's bid to allow proclamation https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=a2YVAAAAIBAJ&sjid=5goEAAAAIBAJ&pg=2655,2668855 2023-10-08 Google Newspaper archive Manila Standard On June 17, 1994. the COMELEC en banc reaffirmed its dismissal of Garcia's petition regarding the leaflets dropped on polling day; notably, chairman Christian Monsod was the sole dissenting vote.Atadero Arnold 1994-06-18 Comelec throws away suit against Roman https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=amYVAAAAIBAJ&sjid=5goEAAAAIBAJ&pg=4702,2552238 2023-10-08 Google Newspaper archive Manila Standard On the next day, the Supreme Court dismissed the petition of Garcia suspending Roman's proclamation as the winner.Lanuza Angelo E. 1994-06-22 Roman gets go-signal to assume gubernatorial post in Bataan https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=3WUVAAAAIBAJ&sjid=5AoEAAAAIBAJ&pg=3241,3107109 2023-10-08 Google Newspaper archive Manila Standard On June 28, 1994, the COMELEC proclaimed Roman as the winner of the election. The governor-elect offered to make Garcia, his cousin, a consultant to the government.Atadero Arnold June 29, 1993 Roman offers job to Tet https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=3WUVAAAAIBAJ&sjid=5AoEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6677,4188451 August 26, 2022 news.google.com The Manila Standard Aftermath Roman successfully defended the governorship in 1995, 1998 and 2001, with him getting 97% of the vote in the last election. There were petitions to disqualify Roman in 2001 as he had supposedly served three consecutive terms, but the Supreme Court ruled that terms won on recall elections do not count as it is an interruption of a full term.January 7, 2003 SC upholds Roman win as Bataan governor https://www.philstar.com/nation/2003/01/07/190625/sc-upholds-roman-win-bataan-governor August 26, 2022 Philstar.com Garcia pursued a congressional career, serving from 1995 to 2004.Macatuno Allan June 20, 2016 In Bataan, 'Pitbull of Congress' buried https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/791409/in-bataan-pitbull-of-congress-buried August 27, 2022 INQUIRER.net en In 2004, Garcia won the governorship, as his son Albert defeated Roman for congressman from Bataan's 2nd district.May 17, 2004 Garcias trounce rivals in Bataan https://www.philstar.com/nation/2004/05/17/250336/garcias-trounce-rivals-bataan August 27, 2022 Philstar.com Garcia was reelected in 2007 and 2010, returned to Congress in 2013, and was elected as vice governor in 2016 when he died prior to taking office. The method of using the preparatory recall assembly to initiate recall petitions was repealed under Republic Act No. 9244 in 2004.Bueza Michael Fast Facts: The recall process https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/iq/70044-fast-facts-process-recall/ November 4, 2021 Rappler October 4, 2014 en References Further reading Dalisay Jose Jr. Y. Jose Dalisay Jr. A Man Called Tet: The Biography of Congressman Enrique "Tet" Garcia, Jr Anvil Publishing 2015 9789712730795 en Garcia et al. vs. COMELEC and Payumo et al., Supreme Court decision nullifying the first recall attempt against Garcia Category:1993 elections in the Philippines Category:Elections in Bataan Category:Recall elections in the Philippines