1949 Menarsha synagogue bombing

yes Bombing in Syria 1949 Menarsha synagogue attack טבח בית הכנסת אלמנשה בדמשק heb the Arab–Israeli conflict Menarsha Synagogue, Damascus Jewish quarter, Damascus, Syria 33.5138 N 36.2913 E inline,title 1949 8 5 yes Evening of 5 August 1949 (Shabbat eve) UTC+2 Grenade attack, Mass murder, Anti-Jewish violence Hand grenades 12 civilians (including 8 children) ≈30 civilians Anti-Jewish sentiment, political destabilization during armistice talks Unknown (suspects later arrested and acquitted) None Occurred during the Lausanne Conference of 1949; simultaneous attack at Aleppo's Great Synagogue The Menarsha synagogue attack took place on 5 August 1949 in the Jewish quarter of Damascus, Syria. The grenade attack claimed the lives of 12 civilians and injured about 30. Most of the victims were children. Background The security situation of the Syrian Jewish community deteriorated in the late 1930s, during a period of increased Arab nationalism, pressure for independence from the French Empire leading to Syrian independence in 1946, following World War II. Anti-Western and Arab nationalist fervour took on an increasingly anti-Jewish tone.Walter P. Zenner. A global community: the Jews from Aleppo, Syria, Wayne State University Press, 2000. pg. 82. 0-8143-2791-5.Michael R. Fischbach. Jewish property claims against Arab countries, Columbia University Press, 2008. pg. 30. 0-231-13538-6. Before and after the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, the Jews in Syria faced greater discrimination as the government adopted anti-Jewish measures.James A. Paul. Human rights in Syria, Middle East Watch. pg. 92. During this period, Jews and their property became the target of numerous attacks, including the Aleppo pogrom in 1947. Military officer Husni al-Za'im seized power in Syria in a military coup on March 30, 1949. Syria subsequently signed an armistice with Israel, ending its participation in the 1948 Arab–Israeli War.6 Syrian Jews Killed, 27 Hurt in Bombing of Damascus Synagogue https://www.newspaperarchive.com/us/washington-dc/washington/washington-evening-star/1949/08-07/page-3 14 August 2024 Washington Evening Star Associated Press 1949-08-07 3 Attack On Friday 5 August 1949, Shabbat eve, several attackers threw hand grenades into the Menarsha Synagogue in Damascus that killed 12 Jews, 8 of them children, and injured about 30. The attack occurred at the time of the Lausanne Conference, when Syria and other frontline Arab states were conducting armistice talks with Israel at Lausanne, Switzerland. The armistice agreement between Israel and Syria had been signed on 20 July 1949.Yazīd Ṣāyigh. Armed struggle and the search for state: the Palestinian national movement, 1949-1993, Oxford University Press US, 1997. pg. 72. 0-19-829265-1. A simultaneous attack was also carried out at the Great Synagogue in Aleppo.Itamar Leṿin. Locked Doors: The Seizure of Jewish Property in Arab Countries, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2001. pg. 175. 0-275-97134-1."synagogue in the Jewish quarter of Damascus. The explosion occurred at the time when Syria was" - Google Search https://www.google.com/search?q=%22synagogue+in+the+Jewish+quarter+of+Damascus.+The+explosion+occurred+at+the+time+when+Syria+was%22&btnG=Search+Books 2023-04-18 www.google.com Reactions Al-Za'im sent his personal representative to visit the carnage area and ordered a legal probe.Joseph B. Schechtman. On wings of eagles: the plight, exodus, and homecoming of oriental Jewry, T. Yoseloff, 1961. pg. 163. Syrian Premier Muhsen Barazi visited the scene of the blast and called the bombing an attack on the government. Israel formally protested to the United Nations Conciliation Commission for Palestine and notified the Syrian government that the attack could impede the ongoing Lausanne Conference talks.Israel Protests to U.N. Body on Bombing of Damascus Synagogue Which Killed 12 Jews https://www.jta.org/archive/israel-protests-to-u-n-body-on-bombing-of-damascus-synagogue-which-killed-12-jews 14 August 2024 Jewish Telegraphic Agency 1949-08-10 Aftermath The bombing was one of the worst violent acts against Jews in the Middle East since the end of the war. Syrian authorities attributed the attack to an underground movement called the Arab Redemption Suicide Phalange,Sami M. Moubayed. Damascus between democracy and dictatorship, University Press of America, 2007. pg. 70-71. 0-7618-1744-1 or to Communists. According to the Associated Press, the bombing was thought to be the work of a small group of non-Communist, anti-Jewish Arabs opposed to the Syrian government. The bombing occurring during the Lausanne Conference, when Israel and its four opponents during the 1948 war -- Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, and Egypt -- reached a crucial stage during final peace talks. The bombing's goal may have been to foment opposition to al-Za'im and sabotage the peace talks. Since taking office, al-Za'im had restored full legal rights to Syrian Jews and placed a number of them in positions of public office. On 9 August, a seventeen-year-old Syrian veteran of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War confessed that he and two friends were behind the attack. By 11 August, Syrian authorities had arrested 11 youths, including several high school students.Syrian Police Arrest 11 Youths in Bombing of Damascaus Synagogue in Which 12 Jews Died https://www.jta.org/archive/syrian-police-arrest-11-youths-in-bombing-of-damascaus-synagogue-in-which-12-jews-died 14 August 2024 Jewish Telegraphic Agency 1949-08-11 President al-Za'im ordered the execution of the accused, but a few days later the coup of Colonel Sami al-Hinnawi took place and al-Za'im was executed.G. N. Giladi. Discord in Zion: conflict between Ashkenazi & Sephardi Jews in Israel Scorpion Publishing, 1990. pg. 89. 0-905906-87-X. On 18 August, more than 200 prisoners in Syrian jails, including three accused of the bombing, were released. Before his execution, Zaim had announced that the three had confessed to the bombing and would be sentenced to death.200 Prisoners of Late Syrian Premier Freed https://www.newspaperarchive.com/us/pennsylvania/bradford/bradford-era/1949/08-18/page-1 The Bradford Era Associated Press 1949-08-18 1 In 1950, the suspects of the attack were acquitted due to a lack of evidence.The Jewish Agency's digest of press and events, Volume 3, Jewish Agency for Israel, 1950. pg. 1,080. [University of California, February 1, 2010.] References Category:1948 Arab–Israeli War Category:1949 in Judaism Category:1949 murders in Syria Category:1949 riots Category:20th century in Damascus Category:20th-century attacks on Jewish institutions Category:20th-century mass murders in Syria Category:Anti-Jewish pogroms in the Middle East Category:Antisemitism in Syria Category:Attacks on religious buildings and structures in Asia Category:Building bombings in Damascus Category:Child murder in Syria Category:Grenade attacks in Syria Category:Jews and Judaism in Damascus Category:Syria in the Arab–Israeli conflict Category:Mass murders in Damascus Category:Massacres in 1949 Category:Massacres in the Arab–Israeli conflict Category:Terrorist incidents in Syria in the 1940s Category:Terrorist incidents in 1949 Category:Terrorist incidents in Damascus Category:Terrorist incidents by unknown perpetrators Category:Unsolved mass murders Category:Synagogue bombings Category:Attacks on buildings and structures in 1949 Category:August 1949 in Asia