1919 Ontario general election

Canadian provincial election September 2023 1919 Ontario general election Ontario 1868 parliamentary no no no 1914 Ontario general election 1914 14th Legislative Assembly of Ontario 1923 Ontario general election 1923 elected members 111 seats in the 15th Legislative Assembly of Ontario 56 seats were needed for a majority October 20, 1919 150x150px ON United Farmers nohash Ernest C. Drury October 1919named only after election ON United Farmers name - pre-creation 44 44 21.0% 21.0pp 150x150px ON Liberal nohash Hartley Dewart June 26, 1919 ON Liberal name Toronto Southwest 24 27 3 25.5% 12.4pp 150x150px ON Conservative nohash William Hearst 1914 ON Conservative name Sault Ste. Marie (lost re-election) 84 25 59 34.1% 19.8pp 150x150px ON Labour nohash Walter Rollo - ON Labour name Hamilton West 1 11 10 9.1% 7.8pp Premier Premier after election William Hearst ON Conservative name Ernest C. Drury ON United Farmers name The 1919 Ontario general election, held on October 20, 1919, elected 111 Members of the 15th Legislative Assembly of Ontario ("MLAs"). The United Farmers of Ontario captured the most seats but won only a minority of the legislature. They joined with 11 Labour MPPs and three others to form a coalition government, ending the 14-year rule of Ontario's Conservatives.1919 General Election https://results.elections.on.ca/en/data-explorer?fromYear=1867&toYear=2021&electionId=198&levelOfDetail=election Elections Ontario January 3, 2021 This is one of the few examples of coalition government in Canadian history. Premier William Howard Hearst had aimed to win a fifth consecutive term for the Conservatives, but instead the party became the first in Ontario history to fall from first to third place. https://www.tvo.org/article/the-year-the-ufos-came-to-power-in-ontario The year the UFOs came to power in Ontario Bradburn Jamie May 3, 2018 tvo.org As newspaperman John Willison later remarked, "There could not have been a worse time for a general election." Campaign The parties tended to have a targeted approach in fielding their candidates: + Candidates in the contests in the ridingsCandidates nominated Contests PartyConLibUFOLabIndFarm-LabInd-LibInd-ConSocFarm-LibSoldierSold-LabTotalsAcclamation 4 4 42 48 44 15 31 2 2 1 1 963 50 45 44 31 13 8 4 2 1 1 1 1504 8 8 5 3 4 3 1 2 2 2 1 1 325 –6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 6Total 111 102 65 66 20 13 5 5 3 3 2 2 2 288 Toronto was divided into four districts, each with two seats and two separate contests. Toronto Northeast A saw a Conservative elected by acclamation. Toronto Northeast B saw a four-way fight. Toronto Northwest saw two two-candidate fights. Toronto Southeast had two two-candidate fights. The Toronto Southwest A contest was a two-candidate fight. Toronto Southeast B saw a three-way fight. Acclamation victories occurred in the Toronto Northeast A contest, as well as in the Addington, Hasting North and Kingston contests. It was the first election in which women could vote and run for office.Under Acts passed in 1917 and 1919 respectively.The Ontario Franchise Act, 1917 S.O. 1917 5 4 https://archive.org/details/statutesofprovin1917onta/page/20/mode/2upThe Women's Assembly Qualification Act, 1919 S.O. 1919 8 https://archive.org/details/statutesofprovin1919onta/page/36/mode/2up Election day was also held on the same day as the scheduled referendum on prohibition. Conservatives Hearst alienated the business community with his progressive policies; he had a rift with Adam Beck (London) over the direction of the Ontario Hydro-Electric Commission; and his promotion of prohibition alienated the urban "wets". Only the Conservatives attempted to field a full slateand were helped by having four candidates being declared elected by acclamationHopkins 1920 650-651but about two dozen incumbents decided to step aside in favour of the local farmer candidates.Hopkins 1920 651 Seventeen Conservative MLAs either retired from the Legislature, or had failed to be renominated.Hopkins 1920 661 Arthur Pratt (Norfolk South) opted to campaign as an Independent-Conservative, claiming earlier in the year that at least 27 MLAs privately opposed Hearst's prohibition policy.Hopkins 1920 651 Beck also decided to stand as an Independent, saying, "I do not object to the Government having a control of the Hydro enterprise, but I object to its becoming a Government department; only as an Independent can I look after the interests of Hydro-Electric Power for the people of the Province in the most efficient manner."Hopkins 1920 651 Liberals The Liberals split between those still loyal to former leader Newton Rowell and his successor William Proudfoot (Huron Centre), and those who supported the new leader, Hartley Dewart. John Campbell Elliott (Middlesex West) (who had come in 3rd in the 1919 leadership contest), joined by five others, decided to drop out of the race.Hopkins 1920 655 They tried to avoid direct contests with UFO candidates, fielding candidates in only 66 ridings as opposed to the 90 named in the 1914 election. In many respects, however, they underestimated the discontent that was simmering among rural Ontarians, and Dewart focused his attention unnecessarily against the Conservative campaign manager George Howard Ferguson.Strange Carolyn 2005 Dewart, Herbert Hartley 15 http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/dewart_herbert_hartley_15E.html Proudfoot opted to campaign as an Independent.Hopkins 1920 654-655 United Farmers The UFO focused on rural areas. Its leader, R.H. Halbert, did not campaign, as he had been elected to the House of Commons of Canada in an earlier by-election.Hopkins 1920 655 It had only two incumbent MPPs, Beniah Bowman and John Wesley Widdifield, who had entered the legislature by winning by-elections in Manitoulin and Ontario North. Labour The labour political movement was fragmented between the Independent Labour Party, the Ontario section of the Canadian Labour Party, and the Ontario Labour Educational Association and its newspaper The Industrial Banner.Hopkins 1920 657 The ILP was the effective organization on the campaign trail that year, and it promoted joint action with the UFO.Hopkins 1920 658 Media in the campaign Media support in the campaign was mixed. The Globe and The Toronto Star, at that time both Liberal in outlook, were hostile against Dewart because of his stand on temperance issues.Hopkins 1920 652 The Toronto World, generally a Conservative backer, pursued a simmering scandal from 1916 Hopkins J. Castell 1917 The Canadian Annual Review of Public Affairs, 1916 https://archive.org/details/canadianannualre0000unse_e6n0/page/532/mode/2up Toronto The Annual Review Publishing Co. Ltd. 532–540 October 15, 1919 An Old Bone Gnawed Dry https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=jEE8AAAAIBAJ&sjid=cSsMAAAAIBAJ&pg=366%2C23827194 Toronto World 6 concerning International Nickel and alleged provincial support of wartime shipments of the metal to Germany via the cargo submarine Deutschland. Miller Scott 2019 Devil Copper: War and the Canadian Nickel Industry, 1883–1970 http://www.journal.forces.gc.ca/vol20/no1/PDF/CMJ201Ep31.pdf Canadian Military Journal 20 1 31–39 at 34Hopkins 1920 655 The Farmer's Sun, recently acquired by the UFO, was an enthusiastic promoter of farmer policies.Hopkins 1920 657 Electoral system Of the 111 seats, 103 were from single-member constituencies elected through first-past-the-post voting. The remaining eight came from four dual-member ridings in Toronto, each of which had parallel contests voting separately for seat A and seat B, each under FPTP. Synopsis of results Post-election pendulum The robustness of the margins of victory for each party can be summarized in electoral pendulums. These are not necessarily a measure of the volatility of the respective riding results. The following tables show the margins over the various 2nd-place contenders, for which one-half of the value represents the swing needed to overturn the result. Actual seat turnovers to the opposition parties in the 1919 election are noted for reference. #F5F5DC silver = seats that opposition parties gained in the election Post-election pendulum - 1919 Ontario general election no #E6BE8A Coalition (58 seats)Margins 5% or less Northumberland East  Con0.98 Lanark North  Con1.18 Essex South  Lib1.51 Huron Centre  Ind1.97 Renfrew North  Con2.38 Hastings East  Con2.44 Renfrew South  Con3.06 Niagara Falls  Lib3.48 Simcoe East  Con3.89 Wentworth South  Con4.07Margins 5%10% Oxford South  Con5.52 Grey Centre  Con5.74 Peterborough West  Lib6.01 Dufferin  Con7.00 Simcoe South  Con7.36 London  Ind7.88 Bruce North  Lib8.17 Ontario North  Con8.24 Riverdale  Lab8.31 Lambton West  Lab8.64 Wellington West  Con9.20 Halton  Con9.54 Huron South  Con9.84 Grey South  Con9.98 Lanark South  Con9.99Margins 10%20% Kent East  Con10.56 Grey North  Con11.84 Carleton  Con12.48 Wellington East  Con12.48 Brant  Con12.59 Elgin West  Con14.22 St. Catharines  Con14.58 Durham East  Con15.78 Simcoe Centre  Con15.78 Victoria North  Con15.88 Peterborough East  Con16.36 Brant South  Lib17.27 Sault Ste. Marie  Con18.22 Dundas  Con18.90 Elgin East  Con18.94 Haldimand  Con19.66Margins > 20% Manitoulin  Con20.40 Fort William  Lib20.80 Middlesex North  Con22.18 Glengarry  Lib24.20 Norfolk South  I-Con25.34 Kenora  Ind25.79 Norfolk North  Con26.18 Lambton East  Con28.01 Perth South  Con28.40 Middlesex East  Lib28.53 Hamilton East  S-Lab28.55 Waterloo South  Lib29.12 Hamilton West  Con32.07 Victoria South  Con37.94 Essex North  Con42.18 Wentworth North  Con44.42 Middlesex West  Con51.18 Liberal (27 seats)Margins 5% or less Algoma  Con0.61 Bruce West  UFO1.30 Toronto NW - B  Con1.60Margins 5%10% Lincoln  UFO6.16 Parry Sound  Con8.98 Russell  UFO9.59Margins 10%20% Northumberland West  Con10.64 Perth North  UFO11.21 Prince Edward  Con11.56 Bruce South  UFO12.24 Durham West  Con12.40 Nipissing  Lab12.70 Brockville  Con12.94 Stormont  UFO13.43 Prescott  UFO15.67 Welland  Con16.49 Kent West  UFO17.31 Toronto SE - A  Con17.55 Toronto SW - B  Con18.10 Cochrane  Con18.69Margins > 20% Oxford North  Con20.51 Windsor  Con27.18 Toronto SW - A  Con27.72 Ontario South  Con27.94 Toronto SE - B  Con33.84 Ottawa East  Lab38.54 Sturgeon Falls  Con41.46Conservative (25 seats)AcclaimedAddington Hastings North Kingston Toronto NE - A Margins 5% or less Timiskaming  F-Lab0.89 Peel  Lib0.93 Grenville  UFO1.00 Wellington South  Lib1.01 Sudbury  Lib1.62 York North  Lib2.63 Ottawa West  Lab4.21 Hastings West  Lib4.38 Muskoka  Lib4.39 Huron North  Lib4.43Margins 5%10% Lennox  Lib5.39 York East  UFO6.87 York West  F-Lab7.61 Port Arthur  Lib7.74 Toronto NW - A  Lib7.86 Frontenac  UFO7.99 Leeds  Lib9.18 Rainy River  Lib9.92Margins 10%20% Simcoe West  UFO10.92 Toronto NE - B  I-Con17.59Margins > 20% Parkdale  Ind37.90Independent-Liberal (1 seat) Waterloo North  Lab13.85 Impact The result was highly skewed as a result of the way the ridings were drawn up. The Ottawa Journal noted, "The arrangement of electoral districts in Ontario (and throughout Canada) is such that a farmer’s vote has practically twice the effect of the vote of any person resident in cities or large towns. Ottawa, for instance, with 110,000 population elects two members to the Ontario Legislature; Carleton County on one side with 20,000 people elects one member; Russell County on the other side has a population of 40,000 and elects one member."Hopkins 1920 665 The UFO emerged from the vote with the largest bloc of seats, joining the eleven Labour MLAs to form a coalition government. Liberal-UFO MLA David James Taylor of Grey North, "Soldier" MLA Joseph McNamara of Riverdale and Labour-UFO MLA Karl Homuth of Waterloo South were also members of the governing caucus giving Drury's coalition 58 seats in total, a slight majority. The Ontario Liberal Party, led by Hartley Dewart, increased the size of its caucus by a small number, despite turning over more than half the seats held. The Conservative Party lost ground to all other parties, despite receiving the most votes. The election had several sweeping results:Hopkins 1920 661 only about two dozen MPPs from the previous Legislative Assembly were re-elected; notably, Conservative William Hearst was defeated by a Labour candidate; Beck and Proudfoot were also defeated by Labour candidates, despite the decision of the Conservatives and Liberals not to contest the seats; three clergymen were elected; eighteen returned soldiers were elected; and all anti-Prohibition candidates were defeated. Upon hearing the news of the Conservative defeat, Hearst noted: I will not make any prophecy as to what will take place. I thought the Government was going to sweep the country, and I was not alone in that, for a great many Liberals who were supporting me thought so, too. The Temperance Act no doubt had a great deal to do with my defeat, but I did what I felt was right, and if I had it to do over again, I would do the same thing.Hopkins 1920 665-666 Three days after the election, James J. Morrison, Secretary of the UFO, reported on the way he had addressed the need to form a working majority in the chamber. He released the following statement: The members-elect of the United Farmers of Ontario, after due consideration of the matter, have decided that it would be unwise for them to enter into alliance with either of the old Parties as parties. They are prepared to assume the fullest share of responsibility and form a Government in co-operation with such members of other parties as are in sympathy with their platform and principles and are free to give support thereto. In the formation of a Cabinet full consideration will be given to the various interests of the Province.Hopkins 1920 667 Ernest C. Drury agreed to lead the new government as Premier of Ontario,Hopkins 1920 667 October 30, 1919 Simcoe County Farmer is the Unanimous Choice as Ontario's Next Premier https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=mkE8AAAAIBAJ&sjid=cSsMAAAAIBAJ&pg=3409%2C25078936 Toronto World 1 and a UFO-Labour coalition cabinet was formed.Hopkins 1920 668-669 Although he was vice-president of the UFO,Hopkins 1920 655 Drury had not been a candidate in the electionHopkins 1920 655 and had to run in a by-election to enter the legislature following his appointment to the office of Premier. Results overview Elections to the 15th Parliament of Ontario (1919) |- ! colspan=2 rowspan=2 | Political party ! rowspan=2 | Party leader ! colspan=5 | MPPs ! colspan=3 | Votes |- ! Candidates !1914 !Dissol. !1919 !± !# !% ! ± (pp) |- |rowspan="7" XX Coalition background|   |style="text-align:left;" colspan="10"|UFO-Labour Coalition |- |style="text-align:left;" |ON United Farmers colour&name |style="text-align:left;"|– |66 |– |2 |44 |44 |248,274 |20.97% |New |- |style="text-align:left;" |ON Labour colour&name |style="text-align:left;"|Walter Rollo |21 |1 |1 |11 |10 |107,588 |9.09% |7.75 |- |style="text-align:left;" |ON Farmer-Labour colour&name |style="text-align:left;"| |5 |– |– |1 |1 |27,841 |2.35% |New |- |style="text-align:left;" |ON Farmer-Liberal colour&name |style="text-align:left;"| |2 |– |– |1 |1 |7,448 |0.63% |New |- |style="text-align:left;" |ON Soldier colour&name |style="text-align:left;"| |2 |– |– |1 |1 |9,618 |0.81% |New |- |style="text-align:left;" colspan="5"|Coalition Total |58 | |400,679 |33.85% | ON Liberal row-name |style="text-align:left;"|Hartley Dewart |66 |24 |27 |27 |3 |301,995 |25.51% |12.41 ON Conservative row-name |style="text-align:left;"|William Hearst |103 |84 |79 |25 |59 |403,655 |34.09% |19.78 ON Independent Liberal row-name |style="text-align:left;"| |1 |1 |1 |1 | |5,354 |0.45% |0.01 ON Liberal row |style="text-align:left;"|Liberal-Temperance |style="text-align:left;"| |– |1 |1 |– |1 |colspan="3"|Did not campaign ON Independent row-name |style="text-align:left;"| |14 |– |– |– |– |48,244 |4.07% |3.08 ON Independent Conservative row-name |style="text-align:left;"| |3 |– |– |– |– |14,213 |1.20% |0.81 ON Soldier-Labour row-name |style="text-align:left;"| |2 |– |– |– |– |9,088 |0.77% |New ON Socialist row-name |style="text-align:left;"| |3 |– |– |– |– |637 |0.05% |0.87 |-style="background:#E9E9E9;" |colspan="3" style="text-align:left;"|Total |288 |111 |111 |111 | |1,183,955 |100.00% | |- |colspan="8" style="text-align:left;"|Blank and invalid ballots |align="right"|50,810 |style="background:#E9E9E9;" colspan="2"| |-style="background:#E9E9E9;" |colspan="8" style="text-align:left;"|Registered voters / turnout |1,443,746 |85.53% |21.10 |} Vote and seat summaries Ternary plots - shift of electoral support (1914-1919) 350 200 yes center Electoral districts identified by colours of winning parties File:Ternary ON1914.svg 1914 Ternary plot of 1914 results File:Ternary ON1919.svg 1919 Ternary plot of 1919 results + Seats and popular vote by partyParty Seats Votes Change (pp) XX Coalition row-name 58 111 XX Coalition 175 33.85 175 darkgrey 32.51 -5 1em background:green ON Liberal row-name 27 111 ON Liberal 175 25.51 175 darkgrey -12.41 -5 1em background:red ON Conservative row-name 25 111 ON Conservative 175 34.09 175 darkgrey -19.75 -5 1em background:red ON Temperance factions row-name 0 111 ON Independent 175 0.00 175 darkgrey -3.97 -5 1em background:red ON Other row-name 1 111 ON Independent 175 6.55 175 darkgrey 3.62 -5 1em background:green Results by riding Italicized names indicate members returned by acclamation. Two-tone colour boxes indicate ridings that turned over from the 1914 election, e.g., #66CC00 #9999FF (UFO in 1919 and Conservative in 1914) yes Central Ontario #9999FF Addington: William David Black #66CC00 #9999FF Durham East: Samuel Sandford Staples yes #EA6D6A #9999FF Durham West: William John Bragg yes #66CC00 #9999FF Hastings East: Henry Ketcheson Denyes yes #9999FF Hastings North: John Robert Cooke #9999FF Hastings West: William Henry Ireland #9999FF Lennox: Reginald Amherst Fowler #9999FF Muskoka: George Walter Ecclestone #66CC00 #9999FF Northumberland East: Wesley Montgomery yes #EA6D6A Northumberland West: Samuel Clarke #66CC00 #9999FF Peterborough East: Ernest Nicholls McDonald yes #EEBBBB #EA6D6A Peterborough West: Thomas Tooms yes #EA6D6A Prince Edward: Nelson Parliament #66CC00 #9999FF Simcoe Centre: Gilbert Hugh Murdoch yes #66CC00 #9999FF Simcoe East: John Benjamin Johnston yes #66CC00 #9999FF Simcoe South: Edgar James Evans yes #9999FF Simcoe West: William Torrance Allen #66CC00 #9999FF Victoria North: Edgar Watson yes #66CC00 #9999FF Victoria South: Frederick George Sandy yes Eastern Ontario #EA6D6A #9999FF Brockville: Donald McAlpine yes #66CC00 #9999FF Carleton: Robert Henry Grant yes #66CC00 #9999FF Dundas: William H. Casselman yes #9999FF Frontenac: Anthony McGuin Rankin #66CC00 #EA6D6A Glengarry: Duncan Alexander Ross yes #9999FF Grenville: George Howard Ferguson #9999FF Kingston: Arthur Edward Ross #66CC00 #9999FF Lanark North: Hiram McCreary yes #66CC00 #9999FF Lanark South: William J. Johnston yes #9999FF Leeds: Andrew Wellington Gray #EA6D6A Ottawa East: Joseph Albert Pinard #9999FF #EA6D6A Ottawa West: Hammett Pinhey Hill yes #EA6D6A #DCDCDC Prescott: Gustave Évanturel yes #66CC00 #9999FF Renfrew North: Ralph Melville Warren yes #66CC00 #9999FF Renfrew South: John Carty yes #EA6D6A Russell: Damase Racine #EA6D6A #9999FF Stormont: James William McLeod yes Hamilton/Halton/Niagara #66CC00 #9999FF Halton: John Featherstone Ford yes #EEBBBB Hamilton East: George Grant Halcrow #EEBBBB #9999FF Hamilton West: Walter Rollo yes #EA6D6A Lincoln: Thomas A. Marshall #EEBBBB #9999FF Niagara Falls: Charles Fletcher Swayze yes #EEBBBB #9999FF St. Catharines: Frank Howard Greenlaw yes #EA6D6A #9999FF Welland: Robert Cooper yes #66CC00 #9999FF Wentworth North: Frank Campbell Biggs yes #66CC00 #9999FF Wentworth South: Wilson A. Crockett yes Midwestern Ontario #66CC00 #EA6D6A Brant: Harry Corwin Nixon yes #EEBBBB #EA6D6A Brant South: Morrison Mann MacBride yes #66CC00 #EA6D6A Bruce North: William Henry Fenton yes #EA6D6A #9999FF Bruce South: Frank Rennie yes #EA6D6A Bruce West: Alexander Patterson Mewhinney #66CC00 #9999FF Dufferin: Thomas Kerr Slack yes #66CC00 #9999FF Grey Centre: Dougall Carmichael yes #DCDCDC #9999FF Grey North: David James Taylor (F-Lib Farmer-Liberal) yes #66CC00 #9999FF Grey South: George Mansfield Leeson yes #66CC00 #9999FF Haldimand: Warren Stringer yes #66CC00 #EA6D6A Norfolk North: George David Sewell yes #66CC00 #9999FF Norfolk South: Joseph Cridland yes #EA6D6A Oxford North: John Alexander Calder #66CC00 #9999FF Oxford South: Albert Thomas Walker yes #EA6D6A #9999FF Perth North: Francis Wellington Hay yes #66CC00 #9999FF Perth South: Peter Smith yes #DCDCDC #9999FF Waterloo North: Nicholas Asmussen (I-Lib Independent-Liberal) yes #EEBBBB #9999FF Waterloo South: Karl Kenneth Homuth (F-Lab Farmer-Labour) yes #66CC00 #EA6D6A Wellington East: Albert Hellyer yes #9999FF #EA6D6A Wellington South: Caleb Henry Buckland yes #66CC00 #9999FF Wellington West: Robert Neil McArthur yes Northeastern Ontario #EA6D6A #9999FF Algoma: Kenneth Spencer Stover yes #EA6D6A Cochrane: Malcolm Lang #66CC00 #9999FF Manitoulin: Beniah Bowman yes #EA6D6A #9999FF Nipissing: Joseph Marceau yes #EA6D6A #9999FF Parry Sound: Richard Reese Hall yes #EEBBBB #9999FF Sault Ste. Marie: James Bertram Cunningham yes #EA6D6A Sturgeon Falls: Zotique Mageau #9999FF Sudbury: Charles McCrea #9999FF Timiskaming: Thomas Magladery Northwest Ontario #EEBBBB #9999FF Fort William: Henry Mills yes #EEBBBB #9999FF Kenora: Peter Heenan yes #9999FF Port Arthur: Donald McDonald Hogarth #9999FF Rainy River: James Arthur Mathieu Southwestern Ontario #66CC00 #9999FF Elgin East: Malcolm MacVicar yes #66CC00 #9999FF Elgin West: Peter Gow Cameron yes #66CC00 #EA6D6A Essex North: Alphonse George Tisdelle yes #66CC00 #EA6D6A Essex South: Milton C. Fox yes #EEBBBB #EA6D6A Huron Centre: John Govenlock yes #9999FF Huron North: John Joynt #66CC00 #9999FF Huron South: Andrew Hicks yes #66CC00 #EA6D6A Kent East: James B. Clark yes #EA6D6A #9999FF Kent West: Robert Livingstone Brackin yes #66CC00 #9999FF Lambton East: Leslie Warner Oke yes #66CC00 #9999FF Lambton West: Jonah Moorehouse Webster yes #EEBBBB #9999FF London: Hugh Allen Stevenson yes #66CC00 #9999FF Middlesex East: John Willard Freeborn yes #66CC00 #EA6D6A Middlesex North: James C. Brown yes #66CC00 #EA6D6A Middlesex West: John Giles Lethbridge yes #EA6D6A Windsor: James Craig Tolmie Toronto #9999FF Parkdale: William Herbert Price #72B490 #9999FF Riverdale: Joseph McNamara yes #9999FF Toronto Northeast - A: Henry John Cody #9999FF Toronto Northeast - B: Joseph Elijah Thompson #9999FF Toronto Northwest - A: Thomas Crawford #EA6D6A #9999FF Toronto Northwest - B: Henry Sloane Cooper yes #EA6D6A #9999FF Toronto Southeast - A: John O'Neill yes #EA6D6A #9999FF Toronto Southeast - B: James Walter Curry yes #EA6D6A #9999FF Toronto Southwest - A: Herbert Hartley Dewart yes #EA6D6A #9999FF Toronto Southwest - B: John Carman Ramsden yes York/Peel/Ontario #66CC00 #9999FF Ontario North: John Wesley Widdifield yes #EA6D6A #9999FF Ontario South: William Edmund Newton Sinclair yes #9999FF Peel: Thomas Laird Kennedy #9999FF York East: George Stewart Henry #9999FF York North: Thomas Herbert Lennox #9999FF York West: Forbes Godfrey Analysis + Party rankings (1st to 5th place) Party Acc Acclamation 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th   ON United Farmers colour&name 44 11 10 1 ON Labour colour&name 11 6 2 1 ON Farmer-Labour colour&name 1 3 1 ON Farmer-Liberal colour&name 1 1 ON Soldier colour&name 1 1   ON Liberal colour&name 27 21 16 1 ON Conservative colour&name 4 21 59 17 1ON Independent-Liberal colour&name 1 1 3 ON Independent colour&name 4 7 2 ON Independent-Conservative colour&name 1 1 1 ON Soldier-Labour colour&name 1 1 ON Socialist colour&name 2 Totals4 107 107 59 9 1 + Party candidates in 2nd place Party UFO Lab F-Lab Lib Con Ind Ind-Lib Ind-Con S-Lab   ON United Farmers colour&name 1 4 38 1 ON Labour colour&name 4 3 3 1ON Farmer-Labour colour&name 1 ON Farmer-Liberal colour&name 1 ON Soldier colour&name 1   ON Liberal colour&name 7 2 1 17 ON Conservative colour&name 4 1 2 12 1 1 ON Independent-Liberal colour&name 1 Totals11 6 3 21 59 4 1 1 1 + Principal races, according to 1st and 2nd-place results Parties SeatsON United Farmers colour&nameON Conservative colour&name 42ON Liberal colour&nameON Conservative colour&name 29ON Liberal colour&nameON United Farmers colour&name 11ON Labour colour&nameON Liberal colour&name 6ON Labour colour&nameON Conservative colour&name 4ON Labour colour&nameON Independent colour&name 3ON Farmer-Labour colour&nameON Liberal colour&name 2ON Conservative colour&nameON Farmer-Labour colour&name 2ON Conservative colour&nameON Independent colour&name 1ON Conservative colour&nameON Independent-Liberal colour&name 1ON Farmer-Liberal colour&nameON Conservative colour&name 1ON Independent-Liberal colour&nameON Labour colour&name 1ON Labour colour&nameON Soldier-Labour colour&name 1ON Soldier colour&nameON Labour colour&name 1ON United Farmers colour&nameON Independent-Conservative colour&name 1ON United Farmers colour&nameON Labour colour&name 1 Total107 Seats that changed hands + Elections to the 15th Parliament of Ontario – seats won/lost by party, 1914–1919Party1914Gain from (loss to)1919UFOLabF-LabF-LibSolLibConI-LibL-Tmp  ON United Farmers colour&name– 10 34 44ON Labour colour&name1 3 7 11ON Farmer-Labour colour&name– 1 1ON Farmer-Liberal colour&name– 1 1CA Soldier colour&name– 1 1ON Liberal row-name 24 (10) (3) 16 (1) 1 27ON Conservative row-name 84 (34) (7) (1) (1) (1) 1 (16) (1) 1 25ON Independent-Liberal row-name 1 (1) 1 1ON Liberal row Liberal-Temperance1 (1) –Total 111 – (44) – (10) – (1) – (1) – (1) 14 (17) 61 (2) 1 (1) 1 – 111 There were 77 seats that changed allegiance in the election: (* - open seats, # - byelection gains held, ^ - change of affiliation) (Riding names in italics did not have Liberal candidates. Riding names in bold did not have Conservative candidates.) Conservative to UFO Carleton* Dufferin* Dundas Durham East Elgin East* Elgin West Grey Centre Grey South Haldimand Halton Hastings East Huron South* Lambton East Lambton West* Lanark North Lanark South* Manitoulin# Middlesex East* Norfolk South Northumberland East* Ontario North# Oxford South Perth South* Peterborough East Renfrew North Renfrew South Simcoe Centre* Simcoe East Simcoe South Victoria North Victoria South* Wellington West Wentworth North* Wentworth South Conservative to Labour Fort William Hamilton West* Kenora London Niagara Falls Sault Ste. Marie St. Catharines Conservative to Farmer-Labour Waterloo South Conservative to Farmer-Liberal Grey North* Conservative to Soldier Riverdale* Conservative to Liberal Algoma Brockville Bruce South Durham West Kent West* Nipissing Ontario South Parry Sound Perth North# Stormont* Toronto Northwest - B Toronto Southeast - A* Toronto Southeast - B* Toronto Southwest - A# Toronto Southwest - B* Welland Conservative to Independent-Liberal Waterloo North Liberal to UFO Brant* Bruce North Essex North* Essex South Glengarry* Kent East* Middlesex North Middlesex West* Norfolk North* Wellington East Liberal to Labour Brant South* Huron Centre Peterborough West Liberal to Conservative Ottawa West Independent-Liberal to Liberal Prescott^ Liberal-Temperance to Conservative Wellington South + Resulting composition of the 15th Legislative Assembly of Ontario Source PartyUFOLabF-LabF-LibSoldierLibConInd-LibTotalSeats retained Incumbents returned 1 8 14 23Open seats held 1 4 5Byelection loss reversed 1 1Acclamation 4 4Seats changing hands Incumbents defeated 23 9 1 10 2 1 46Open seats gained 19 1 1 1 5 27Byelection gain held 2 2 4Change in affiliation 1 1Total 44 11 1 1 1 27 25 1 111 Notable groups of candidates + Soldier candidates in the 1919 Ontario general electionHopkins 1920 660-661 October 21, 1919 No Party has Majority in the new Legislature https://vitacollections.ca/digital-kingston/3678847/page/2 The Daily British Whig Kingston 1Party Riding Candidate Military rank Votes Placed   ConservativeKingston Arthur Edward Ross* Brigadier-General AcclaimedLeeds Andrew Wellington Gray Major 4,351 1stParkdale William Herbert Price* Colonel 11,091 1stPeel Thomas Laird Kennedy Colonel 4,562 1stPort Arthur Donald McDonald Hogarth* Brigadier-General 2,578 1stTimiskaming Thomas Magladery* Captain 3,092 1stToronto Northeast - B Joseph Thompson Captain 13,495 1stWellington South Caleb Henry Buckland† Captain4,362 1st   LiberalAlgoma Kenneth Spencer Stover Lieutenant 2,272 1stCochrane Malcolm Lang* Major 2,951 1stHastings West Edward O'Flynn Lieutenant-Colonel 4,647 2ndMiddlesex East Bart Robson Lieutenant-Colonel 2,500 2ndSudbury Robert Arthur Lieutenant-Colonel 3,409 2ndToronto Northwest - B Henry Sloane Cooper Lieutenant-Colonel 18,522 1stToronto Southwest - B John Carman Ramsden Captain 12,428 1stWindsor James Craig Tolmie † Major 10,874 1st   SoldierHamilton East Maurice Fitzgerald Captain 2,146 3rdRiverdale Joseph McNamara Sergeant-Major 7,472 1st   Soldier-LabourHamilton East Samuel Landers Lieutenant 8,424 2ndWentworth South Samuel Wilkinson 664 3rd   United FarmersGrey Centre Dougall Carmichael Lieutenant-Colonel 4,363 1stYork East George Little Captain 7,290 2nd   IndependentKenora Harold Arthur Clement Machin *‡ Lieutenant-Colonel 895 2nd   Independent ConservativeNorfolk South Arthur Clarence Pratt *‡ Colonel 1,954 2ndToronto Northeast - B Kelly Evans ‡ Lieutenant-Colonel8,172 2nd (* - incumbent; † - chaplain; ‡ - Anti-Prohibition) + Women candidates in the 1919 Ontario general electionScollie 2012 2; 9-13 Riding Candidate Votes PlacedOttawa West ON Independent colour&name Justenia Sears 2,723 4thToronto Northeast - B CA Liberal colour&name Henrietta Bundy 5,685 3rd + Candidates returned by acclamation October 14, 1919 Many Factions Going to Polls https://news.ourontario.ca/3678841/page/4408767 The Daily British Whig Kingston 1Party Riding Candidate   ConservativeAddington William David BlackHastings North John Robert CookeKingston Arthur Edward RossToronto Northeast - A Henry John Cody Cooke was the only acclaimed candidate who had not previously been an incumbent. See also Politics of Ontario List of Ontario political parties Premier of Ontario Leader of the Opposition (Ontario) Notes and references Notes References Further reading 1919 Ontario Sessional Papers, 1920, No.51-79 Return from the Records of the General Election to the Legislative Assembly in 1919 https://archive.org/details/p8ontariosession52ontauoft/page/n17/mode/2up Toronto King's Printer Hopkins J. Castell The Canadian Annual Review of Public Affairs, 1919 1920 The Annual Review Toronto https://archive.org/details/canadianannualre0000unse_w1g6 Piva Michael J. 1977 Workers and Tories: The Collapse of the Conservative Party in Urban Ontario, 1908-1919 https://www.erudit.org/en/journals/uhr/1900-v1-n1-uhr0902/1019467ar.pdf Urban History Review 5 3–76 23–39 10.7202/1019467ar Scollie Frederick Brent 2012 The Woman Candidate for the Ontario Legislative Assembly, 1919-1929 https://www.erudit.org/en/journals/onhistory/1900-v1-n1-onhistory04937/1065435ar.pdf Ontario History 104 2 1–27 10.7202/1065435ar Tennyson Brian Douglas 1969 The 1919 General Election in 1919: The Beginnings of Agrarian Unrest Journal of Canadian Studies 4 1 26–36 10.3138/jcs.4.1.26 Ontario general election Category:General elections in Ontario General election Ontario general election