1604 Arica earthquake

Southern Peru Earthquake and Pacific Ocean Tsunami 1604 Arica earthquake Peru Peru physical map.svg Peru -18.50 -70.4 left 45 Bullseye1.png Peru -12.04 -77.03 Lima left Green pog.svg Peru -18.48 -70.33 Arica right Green pog.svg Peru -16.24 -71.53 Arequipa left Green pog.svg Yes 250 right Yes 1604-11-24 18:30:00 1604 11 24 13:30 w 8.7–9.0 yw 8.7–9.0Dorbath Cisternas Dorbath 1990 571s 8.0–8.5 yt 8.8–9.0 yunk 9.0Wong Dober Pezzopane Thomas 2012 30 km mi 0 on -18.5 -70.4 region:CL_type:event inline,title Peru-Chile Trench Megathrust Arica, (then part of Chile), Arequipa, Peru 11 Yes 100+ The 1604 Arica earthquake is an earthquake that occurred at 1:30 pm on November 24, 1604, offshore Arica, Chile (formerly part of the Spanish Empire). The estimated magnitude range is s 8.0–8.5 y and up to w 8.7–9.0 y and t 8.8–9.0 y. It had a destructive tsunami that destroyed most of Southern Peru, including Arica and Arequipa. 1200–2800 km on of coastline was affected by the tsunami. The recorded effects of this earthquake are very similar to those for the 1868 Arica event, suggesting a similar magnitude and rupture area of the megathrust between the subducting Nazca plate and the overriding South American plate. Tsunami deposits have been identified on the Chatham Islands that are likely to have been caused by a trans-Pacific tsunami caused by the 1604 earthquake. Tectonic setting Off the coasts of Peru and Chile, the Nazca plate subducts underneath the South American plate along the Peru-Chile Trench. At the location of the earthquake, the convergence rate between the two plates is 6.0 cm in 0 on/year. Large events at the plate boundary are relatively common, with similar large earthquakes occurring in 1687, 1784, 1868, and 2001. In the area of the earthquake, the Nazca Ridge functions as a semi-persistent rupture barrier. This inhibits the ability for most earthquakes to continue rupturing through this area. As a result, this earthquake cycle is considered to be bimodal, which means that the recurring earthquake is either a large (up to w 8.5) or a truly giant (w 9.0) earthquake. Only the 1604 and 1868 events are considered to have been the latter truly colossal events.Villegas-Lanza Chlieh Cavalié Tavera 2016Okal Borrero Synolakis 2006 1643Giovanni Beck Wagner 2002 14-4Loveless Pritchard Kukowski 2010 22 Earthquake Little is known about the earthquake, but it is interpreted to be similar in size and faulting to the 1868 Arica earthquake.Lomnitz 2004 The cities of Arequipa, Tacna, and Moquegua experienced shaking of Modified Mercalli Intensity VIII, while Cuzco and Ica experienced VI shaking.Wong Dober Pezzopane Thomas 2012 Shaking was strongly felt in Lima.Dorbath Cisternas Dorbath 1990 571 The rupture length is thought to be between 400-450 km mi 0 on long.Comte Pardo 1991 39Dorbath Cisternas Dorbath 1990 559 It is believed that the 1604 event was unable to rupture north of the Nazca Ridge, which means that only the absolute largest earthquakes (such as 1868) can pass through this semi-persistent rupture barrier.Okal Borrero Synolakis 2006 Tsunami The tsunami was widespread and impacted many countries. The tsunami, along with the 1868 event, is considered one of "the greatest historical tsunami events along the Perú-Chile Trench" and "among the greatest tsunamis ever observed in the Pacific ocean".Spiske Piepenbreier Benavente Kunz 2013 32Dorbath Cisternas Dorbath 1990 563 Tsunami run-ups height were estimated to be around 16 m on high.Kulikov Rabinovich Thomson 2005 It was recorded along at least 1200 km mi 0 on and potentially up to 2800 km mi 0 on of coastline in South America between Lima and Concepción.Okal Borrero Synolakis 2006 1638 Weak waves arrived in Northern Peru.Spiske Piepenbreier Benavente Kunz 2013 40 At Arica, the tsunami indundated up to 10 km on inland.Spiske Piepenbreier Benavente Kunz 2013 40 In Oceania, the Chatham Islands have recorded what is very likely evidence of tsunami from this event as well.Goff Nichol Chagué-Goff Horrocks 2010 Damage Arica was destroyed and rebuilt after the earthquake, while Arequipa was so severely damaged that only the San Francisco monastery remained standing.Lomnitz 2004 Camaná, Moquegua, and Tacna suffered major devastation. In Pausa, a majority of houses were destroyed.Dorbath Cisternas Dorbath 1990 571 In Pisco, only certain parts of the town experienced major damage.Okal Borrero Synolakis 2006 The city of Ica was slightly damaged despite being far from the rupture area. Landslides reportedly occurred between the latitudes of 15.5 and 18.5S. Other ground deformations such as cracks and liquefactions occurred as well.Dorbath Cisternas Dorbath 1990 571 Damage was reported across the Pacific Ocean.Lomnitz 2004 Overall, damages from the earthquake were comparable to the 1868 earthquake.Lomnitz 2004 Notes See also 1868 Arica earthquake List of earthquakes in Peru References National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service: NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information Significant Earthquake Information 1972 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/earthquake/event-more-info/826 2022-03-30 10.7289/V5TD9V7K Bibliography Comte Diana Pardo M. Reappraisal of great historical earthquakes in the Northern Chile and Southern Peru seismic gaps Natural Hazards 1 March 1991 4 1 23–44 10.1007/BF00126557 1991NatHa...4...23C 140190546 https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00126557 27 July 2022 subscription Dorbath L. Cisternas A. Dorbath C. Assessment of the size of large and great historical earthquakes in Peru Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 1 June 1990 80 3 551–576 https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/ssa/bssa/article-abstract/80/3/551/119293/Assessment-of-the-size-of-large-and-great 8 July 2024 Giovanni Melissa K. Beck Susan L. 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Geophys. Res. Solid Earth 24 September 2016 121 10 7371–7394 10.1002/2016JB013080 2016JGRB..121.7371V 132735222 https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/2016JB013080 26 July 2022 20.500.12816/2358 free Wong Ivan Dober Mark Pezzopane Silvio Thomas Patricia Terra Fabia Seismic hazard above the South America subduction zone in Southern Peru 1 January 2012 https://www.iitk.ac.in/nicee/wcee/article/WCEE2012_2974.pdf 26 July 2022 15th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Lisbon, Portugal Category:Earthquakes in Chile Category:Earthquakes in Peru Category:1600s earthquakes Category:1604 Category:History of Arica y Parinacota Region