1879 in science

none 1879 science 1879 The year 1879 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below. Astronomy British children's writer and amateur astronomer Agnes Giberne publishes the popular illustrated book Sun, Moon and Stars: Astronomy for Beginners which sells 24,000 copies on both sides of the Atlantic in twenty years.Allan Chapman The Victorian Amateur Astronomer: Independent Astronomical Research in Britain 1820-1920 Chichester John Wiley 1999 0-471-96257-0 Biology April 26 – The National Park, later renamed the Royal National Park, is declared in New South Wales, Australia, the world's second oldest purposed national park (after Yellowstone in the United States), and the first to use the term "national park". Jean Henri Fabre publishes the first of his Souvenirs entomologiques. Heinrich Anton de Bary coins the term symbiosis in his monograph Die Erscheinung der Symbiose (Strasbourg).Bates Marston The Nature of Natural History https://archive.org/details/natureofnaturalh0000unse registration 125 Charles Scribner's Sons New York 1950 Cartography Peirce quincuncial projection developed by Charles Sanders Peirce. Chemistry January 2 – Publication of first issue of Journal of the American Chemical Society. Per Teodor Cleve discovers the elements holmium and thulium. Lars Fredrik Nilson discovers the element scandium. Constantin Fahlberg working with Ira Remsen at Johns Hopkins University discovers saccharin. Rodolphe Lindt invents the conching machine for use in chocolate manufacture.http://www.history.com/news/hungry-history/the-sweet-history-of-chocolate 2014-02-14 The Sweet History of Chocolate Christopher Klein History 2014-03-03 Otto Schott develops a glass containing lithium. It is the first glass type that has a homogeneity allowing spectrometric measurements.fsu.edu: Otto Schott (CV) Earth sciences Vasily Dokuchaev introduces the concept of pedology, laying the foundations for the modern study of soil science.Dokuchaev, V.V. (1879). Short Historical Description and Critical Analysis of the More Important Soil Classifications. Trav. Soc. Nat. St. Petersburg 10: 64-67 (In Russian); Tchernozeme (terre noire) de la Russie d‘Europe. St. Petersburg: Société Impériale Libre Économique. Ferdinand André Fouqué publishes Santorin et ses éruptions, a significant text in volcanology. History of science Carl Schorlemmer publishes The Rise and Development of Organic Chemistry. Mathematics Charles L. Dodgson publishes Euclid and his Modern Rivals in London.Lewis Carroll in Numberland Robin Wilson Robin Wilson (mathematician) London Allen Lane 2008 978-0-7139-9757-6 91–95 Gottlob Frege publishes Begriffsschrift, eine der arithmetischen nachgebildete Formelsprache des reinen Denkens ("Concept-Script: A Formal Language for Pure Thought Modeled on that of Arithmetic") in Halle, a significant text in the development of mathematical logic. Felix Klein first describes the Grünbaum–Rigby configuration.Klein Felix 10.1007/BF01677143 Mathematische Annalen 428–471 Ueber die Transformation siebenter Ordnung der elliptischen Functionen https://eudml.org/doc/156835 14 1879. Translated into English by Silvio Levy as On the order-seven transformation of elliptic functions 1722419 287–331 Cambridge University Press Mathematical Sciences Research Institute Publications The Eightfold Way 35 1999 Medicine British psychiatrist James Crichton-Browne publishes "On the weight of the brain and its component parts in the insane",Brain https://archive.today/20120712111711/http://brain.oxfordjournals.org/content/1/4/504.full.pdf+html 1: 514-18; 2: 42-67 a key paper in the neuropathology of insanity.Alastair Compston On the weight of the brain and its component parts in the insane. By J. Crichton-Browne, MD, FRSE, Lord Chancellor's Visitor. Brain 1879: 1; 514–518 and 1879: 2; 42–67 Brain 130 2007 599–601 10.1093/brain/awm020 3 free London physician William Murrell reports the successful use of nitroglycerin as medication for angina.Murrell W. Nitro-Glycerine as a Remedy for Angina Pectoris 1879 The Lancet 113 2894 225–27 http://site.hmc.org.qa/heartviews/vol8no3/PDF/HISTORYOFMEDICINE2.pdf 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)42573-1 53436972 5901592 Viennese physician Felix von Winiwarter provides an early description of Thromboangiitis obliterans.von Winiwarter F. Ueber eine eigenthumliche Form von Endarteriitis und Endophlebitis mit Gangran des Fusses Archiv für Klinische Chirurgie 23 202–26 1879 Meteorology George Stokes perfects the Campbell–Stokes recorder (for sunshine). Paleontology Camptosaurus prestwichii found at Cumnor, near Oxford. Pharmacology Vassili von Anrep of the University of Würzburg demonstrate the analgesic properties of cocaine.Yentis, S. M. Vlassakov, K. V. Vassily von Anrep, forgotten pioneer of regional anesthesia Anesthesiology 90 3 890–5 1999 10078692 10.1097/00000542-199903000-00033 Physics Edwin Hall discovers the Hall Effect. Joseph Stefan originates the Stefan–Boltzmann law, stating that the total radiation from a black body is proportional to the fourth power of its thermodynamic temperature."Über die Beziehung zwischen der Wärmestrahlung und der Temperatur" in Bulletin of the Vienna Academy of Sciences. Psychology Wilhelm Wundt creates the first laboratory of experimental psychology at the University of Leipzig. Technology February 3 – Mosley Street in Newcastle upon Tyne (England) becomes the world's first public highway to be lit by the electric incandescent light bulb invented by Joseph Swan.1879 Co-Curate https://co-curate.ncl.ac.uk/1879/history/ 2022-03-21 May 31 – Werner von Siemens demonstrates the first electric locomotive using an external power source at Berlin. June 6 – William Denny and Brothers launch the world's first ocean-going ship to be built of mild steel, the SS Rotomahana, on the River Clyde in Scotland.SS Rotomahana Clydebuilt http://www.clydesite.co.uk/clydebuilt/viewship.asp?id=10503 https://web.archive.org/web/20050312163620/http://www.clydesite.co.uk/clydebuilt/viewship.asp?id=10503 dead 2005-03-12 2014-04-14 October 22 – Thomas Edison successfully tests a carbon filament thread in an incandescent light bulb. December 31 – Carl Benz completes his first petrol two-stroke engine. A heavy oil engine is built by Jacob Morrison of Norton, County Durham, England.Who Built the First Oil Engine? Stationary Engine 190 December 1989 5 Acquired for collection of The Henry Ford. Awards Copley Medal: Rudolf ClausiusCopley Medal British scientific award https://www.britannica.com/science/Copley-Medal Encyclopedia Britannica 23 July 2020 en Wollaston Medal: Bernhard Studer Births January 1 – Ernest Jones (died 1958), Welsh psychoanalyst. February 1 – Henri Chrétien (died 1956), French astronomer and optical inventor. February 22 – J. N. Brønsted (died 1947), Danish physical chemist. March 8 – Otto Hahn (died 1968), German physicist and winner of the 1944 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. March 10 – Wu Lien-teh (died 1960), Malayan Chinese physician. March 14 – Albert Einstein (died 1955), German-born physicist and winner of the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics. May 28 – Milutin Milanković (died 1958), Serbian geophysicist. June 3 – Raymond Pearl (died 1940), American biologist. August 29 – May Smith (died 1968), English experimental psychologist. October 9 – Max von Laue (died 1960), German physicist and winner of the 1914 Nobel Prize in Physics. December 28 – Arthur O. Austin (died 1964), American electrical engineer. Deaths January 24 – Heinrich Geißler (born 1814), German scientific instrument maker. March 3 – William Kingdon Clifford (born 1845), English geometer. April 4 – Heinrich Wilhelm Dove (born 1803), Prussian physicist and climatologist. April 16 – Peter Kosler (born 1824), Carniolan geographer and cartographer. April 23 – Elisabetta Fiorini Mazzanti (born 1799), Italian botanist. May 4 – William Froude (born 1810), English hydrodynamicist. May 29 – Pierre Adolphe Piorry (born 1794), French physician. August 26 – Édouard Chassaignac (born 1804), French surgeon. November 5 – James Clerk Maxwell (born 1831), Scottish-born mathematician and physicist. References Category:19th century in science Category:1870s in science