1865 in animation

none Events in 1865 in animation. Events Specific date unknown: The inventor William Ensign Lincoln invented the definitive version of the zoetrope in 1865, when he was about 18 years old and a sophomore at the Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island. Lincoln's patented version had the viewing slits on a level above the pictures, which allowed the use of easily replaceable strips of images. It also had an illustrated paper disc on the base, which was not always exploited on the commercially produced versions. On the advice of a local bookstore owner, Lincoln had sent a model to the board game manufacturing company Milton Bradley and Co. in an attempt to market the animation device.Herbert, Stephen. (n.d.) From Daedaleum to Zoetrope, Part 1. Retrieved May 31, 2014. Edmund Johann Krüss, representing the optical equipment company Krüss Optronic, received a patent for his version of the magic lantern. The device was a forerunner of movie projectors."Mikroskop, A. Krüss Hamburg". Museum optischer Instrumente. Around 1865, a disc with nine oval photographic images of Jan Evangelista Purkyně (1787–1869) turning around was probably created by the physiologist himself.https://www.erudit.org/en/journals/cine/2014-v24-n2-3-cine01417/1025153ar/ 10.7202/1025153ar La photographie sérielle et séquentielle. Origines et ambiguïtés 2014 Chik Caroline Cinémas 24 2–3 187–215 161777075 free Purkyně reportedly used the disc to entertain his grandchildren and show them how he, an old professor, could turn around at great speed.Ludvík Souček, Jak se světlo naučilo kreslit (How the light learned to draw), SNDK, Prague, 1963, pp. 106–7. Around 1865, the Cycloidotrope was introduced. It was a slide with an adjustable stylus bar for drawing geometric patterns on sooty glass when hand-cranked during the projection. The patterns are similar to that produced with a Spirograph.Luikerwaal - Mechanical special effects slides http://www.luikerwaal.com/newframe_uk.htm?/bijzeffecten1_uk.htm www.luikerwaal.com Births December December 29: Otis Harlan, American actor and comedian (voice of Happy in Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs), (d. 1940).Herbst, Helmut. Drei Bildbeschreibungen und eine Liste. Der Filmpionier Guido Seeber. pp. 15–41 in C. Müller und H. Segeberg (ed.) Die Modellierung des Kinofilms. Munich, 1998. Hischak Thomas S. Disney Voice Actors: A Biographical Dictionary McFarland 95 2011 978-0786462711 https://books.google.com/books?id=e1RTP8thtR0C&pg=PA95 .Kaufman 2012b 63 References Sources Kaufman J. B. 2012b The Fairest One of All: The Making of Walt Disney's Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs Weldon Owen 978-1-61628-438-1 Category:1860s in animation Category:1865 in mass media Category:1865 in the arts