1860–61 United States House of Representatives elections

House elections for the 37th U.S. Congress January 2026 January 2021 1860–61 United States House of Representatives elections United States 1859 legislative no 1858–59 United States House of Representatives elections 1858 & 1859 1862–63 United States House of Representatives elections 1862 & 1863 36th United States Congress#House of Representatives_3 37th United States Congress#House of Representatives_3 All 180 seatsAn additional 59 seats were vacant due to the secession of the Confederacy. in the United States House of Representatives 91 August 6, 1860 – October 24, 1861 150x150px Republican Party (United States) File:GlaushaGrow.png Galusha A. Grow PA 14 T 111 seats, 36.59% 108Republicans lost 4 seats in special elections held before the July 4, 1861, beginning of Congress, reducing their caucus to 104 seats. 3 1,836,570 47.52% 10.93 Democratic Party (United States) John S. Phelps - Brady-Handy.jpg 250 56 150 15 60 Clement Vallandigham - Brady-Handy.jpg 150 56 150 10 45 John S. Phelps &Clement VallandighamThe Democratic members split their votes between nine different candidates in the 1861 Speaker of the United States House of Representatives election. Phelps and Vallandigham led the other Democratic candidates with seven votes each before shifts.Cong. Globe, 37th Cong., 1st Sess. 4 (1861) MO 6 TOH 3 T 85 seats, 48.06% 43Democrats gained 2 seats in special elections held before the July 4, 1861, beginning of Congress, increasing their caucus to 45 seats. 52 1,546,953 40.96% 7.10 Unionist politician (American Civil War) File:John J. Crittenden - Brady-Handy (cropped).jpg John J. Crittenden KY 8 T New party 22Including 12 Unionists, 9 Union Democrats, and 1 Union and Peace. Unionists gained 2 seats in special elections held before the July 4, 1861, beginning of Congress, increasing their caucus to 24 seats. 22 324,992 4.80% N/A Constitutional Union Party (United States) New party 4 4 181,109 2.75% N/A Southern Rights Party New party 1 1 42,176 1.12% N/A People's New party 1 1 7,732 0.20% N/A Independent politician 15 seatsIncluding 8 Anti-Lecompton Democrats and 7 independent Democrats. 1ny4 Including 1 independent Democrat, James E. Kerrigan, elected from New York's 4th congressional district. 14 141,125independents Including all votes for Breckinridge Democrats, War Democrats, independents, independent Democrats, Douglas Democrats, Anti-Lecompton Democrats, other and scattering votes. 3.65%independents 3.26 350px Results#0671B0 Democratic gain #92C5DE Democratic hold#CA0120 Republican gain #F48882 Republican hold#e08214 Constitutional Union gain #dd3497 Unionist gain #6ab023 Southern Rights gain#ffd700 People's gain #999999 Independent hold #cccccc Not seated #000000 No election Speaker William Pennington Galusha A. Grow Republican Party (United States) Republican Party (United States) The 1860–61 United States House of Representatives elections took place between August 6, 1860, and October 24, 1861, to elect 180 representatives and seven non-voting delegates to the 37th United States Congress. The Republican Party lost seats but gained a majority in the chamber following the withdrawal of the representatives from the Confederate States of America.Jenkins 2013 243 The Republicans were the largest party in the House following the 1858–59 United States House of Representatives elections.McPherson 1988 200 The Republican victory in the 1860 United States presidential election precipitated the secession of 11 slave states between December 1860 and June 1861.McPherson 1988 235, 282–83 Secession interrupted elections for the 37th Congress, which had already taken place in 15 Union states and three states now part of the Confederacy. The absence of the Southern Democrats severely diminished the number of Democratic representatives, which fell to 43. Unionists in the border states and loyal parts of the Confederacy won 22 seats,Dubin 1998 187–91 while Kentucky's Henry C. Burnett was the only secessionist elected to the United States House of Representatives.Craig Ullrich 2016 11 The Constitutional Union Party won four seats, including two from Rhode Island,McLoughlin 1986 145–46 where Democrats and conservative Republicans formed the governing coalition.Smith 2006 140–41 A coalition of Republicans and Constitutional Unionists carried the single seat representing Delaware's at-large congressional district,Munroe 2006 131 while one independent Democrat was elected in New York.Dubin 1998 188 Republicans lost seats in special elections held in the spring of 1861.Dubin 1998 190 The absence of the representatives from the Confederacy enabled the Republican majority to elect the speaker and other officers without the support of other parties. Galusha A. Grow was elected after shifts on the first ballot over fellow Republican Francis P. Blair, Jr.; the Democratic minority split their votes between 12 minor candidates.Jenkins 2013 243–44 Background Secession Sixty-fiveDubin counts 62 vacancies at the beginning of the 37th Congress, in addition to two representatives from California not yet elected. Fifty-nine seats were vacant for the duration of the Congress, and six Unionists from Tennessee and Virginia were seated after Congress convened.Dubin 1998 189–91 seats were vacant when the 37th Congress met on July 4, 1861, following the secession of the Confederacy. Three states which later seceded (Arkansas, Florida, and South Carolina) held elections in 1860, electing seven Democrats and two independents who subsequently declined to take their seats. Several unionist districts in Tennessee and Virginia elected representatives who were seated along with the rest of the incoming class. These were the only congressional elections held south of the border states before the beginning of Congress. Several districts under Union Army control held special elections after July 4, but only two Louisiana Unionists were seated.Dubin 1998 187–91 Confederate states had sent 46 Democrats, eight Opposition members, six Whigs, five Independent Democrats, and one Know Nothing to the 36th Congress.Dubin 1998 181–85 The loss of these representatives significantly diminished the size of the House to the benefit of the Republicans, who gained a majority in the chamber for the first time in their history.Jenkins 2013 243 Loyal slave states sent 15 Unionists and five Democrats to the 37th Congress. Four parties elected one representative each from the border states: Republican Francis P. Blair Jr. from Missouri's 1st congressional district, Constitutional Unionist James S. Rollins from Missouri's 2nd congressional district, People's representative George P. Fisher from Delaware's at-large district, and Southern Rights representative Henry C. Burnett from Kentucky's 1st congressional district.Dubin 1998 187–90 End of a Congressional era thumb|right|250px|Columbia switches Stephen A. Douglas as Uncle Sam looks on approvingly. Early returns in Maine, Pennsylvania, Ohio and Indiana showed good prospects for Republicans in the upcoming federal electionsSimon Harold Lincoln: President Elect. Abraham Lincoln and the Great Secession Winter 1860-1861 Simon & Schuster 2008 978-0-7432-8947-4 12 In 1860, Lincoln's campaign brought the Republicans the Presidency. Likewise, the congressional elections also marked the transition from one major era of political parties to another. In just six years, over the course of the 35th, 36th–37th Congresses, a complete reversal of party fortunes swamped the Democrats.Martis 1989 31–35 Elections for Congress were held from August 1860 to June 1861. They were held before, during and after the pre-determined Presidential campaign. And they were held before, during and after the secessionist campaigns in various states as they were reported throughout the country. Political conditions varied hugely from time to time during the course of congressional selection, but they had been shifting to a considerable extent in the years running up to the crisis.Martis 1989 36 In the 1856 elections, the Democrats had taken the Presidency for the sixth time in the last 40 years, with James Buchanan's victory over John C. Fremont and Millard Fillmore. They held almost a two-thirds majority in both the US House and Senate. Democrats held onto the Senate during the midterm elections, but the four opposition parties then amounted to two-thirds of the House. The congressional elections in 1860 transformed Democratic fortunes: Republican and Unionist candidates won a two-thirds majority in both House and Senate.Martis 1989 34 After the secessionist withdrawal, resignation and expulsion, the Democrats would have less than 25% of the House for the 37th Congress, and that minority divided further between pro-war (Stephen Douglas), and anti-war (Clement Vallandigham) factions.Martis 1989 114, 115 US Congressional Party Transformation, 1857–1863Martis 1989 111, 113, 115 Congress 35th1857–59 36th1859–61 37th1861–63 United States House of Representatives Seats (change) 237 (+3) 238 (+1) 183 (–55) Republicans 90 (38%) 116 (49%) 108 (59%) Unionists 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 31 (17%) Americans (+) 14 (6%) 39 (16%) 0 (0%) Democrats 133 (56%) 83 (35%) 44 (24%) United States Senate Seats (change) 66 (+4) 68 (+2) 50 (–18) Republicans 20 (30%) 26 (38%) 31 (62%) Unionists 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 3 (6%) Americans 5 (8%) 2 (3%) 0 (0%) Democrats 41 (62%) 38 (58%) 15 (30%) Results Federal + ↓ 43 7 108 22 Democratic 4 Constitutional Unionists, 1 Independent Democrat, 1 People's, and 1 Southern Rights. Republican Unionists + 1860–61 United States House of Representatives electionsDubin 1998 187–190, 192n28, 192n30–31 Parties Seats Popular vote 1860–61 1860–61 ± % Votes % Republican Party (US) Republican Party 111 108 3 60.00 1,836,570 47.52 Democratic Party (US) Democratic Party 85 43 52 23.89 1,546,953 40.03 Unionist politician (American Civil War) Unionists 0 22 22 12.22 181,109 4.69 Constitutional Union Party (US) Constitutional Union Party 0 4 4 2.22 103,892 2.69 Southern Democratic (US) Breckinridge Democrats 0 0 0.00 51,596 1.34 Southern Rights Party Southern Rights Party 0 1 1 0.56 42,176 1.09 War Democrat War Democrats 0 0 0.00 35,449 0.92 Independent politician Independents 0 0 0.00 28,001 0.72 Independent Democrat Independent Democrats 7 1 6 0.56 18,944 0.49 Opposition Party (Southern U.S.) People's Party 0 1 1 0.56 7,732 0.20 Opposition Party (Southern U.S.) Opposition Party 15 0 15 0.00 5,172 0.13 Northern Democratic Party Douglas Democrats 0 0 0.00 761 0.02 Anti-Lecompton Democrat Anti-Lecompton Democrats 8 0 8 0.00 275 0.01 Independent politician Confederate States of America 0 0 0.00 78 0.00 Others 11 0 11 0.00 4,181 0.16 Total 237 180 57 100.00 3,864,807 100.00 Results by state State Type Date Totalseats Democratic Republican Unionists Others Seats Change Seats Change Seats Change Seats Change Kansas At-large December 1, 1859The winner of this election served in both the 36th and 37th Congresses. 1 0 1 1 0 0 Oregon At-large June 4, 1860 1 1 0 0 0 Arkansas District August 6, 1860 2 2seceded Did not take seat(s) due to secession. 0 0 0 Missouri District August 6, 1860 7 5 1 1 1 0 1Outgoing: 1 Know NothingIncoming: 1 Constitutional Unionist Vermont District September 4, 1860 3 0 3 0 0 Maine District September 10, 1860 6 0 6 0 0 Florida At-large October 1, 1860 1 1seceded 0 0 0 South Carolina District October 8–9, 1860 6 6seceded 0 0 0 Indiana District October 9, 1860 11 4 7 0 0 Iowa District October 9, 1860 2 0 2 0 0 Ohio District October 9, 1860 21 8 2 13 2 0 0 Pennsylvania District October 9, 1860 25 6 1 19 1 0 0 Delaware At-largeNovember 6, 1860(Election Day)In 1845, Congress set a uniform date for choosing presidential electors (5 721). Other elections were unaffected by this law, but the date was gradually adopted by the states for congressional elections as well. 1 0 1 0 1Incoming: 1 People's 1 Illinois District 9 5 4 0 0 Massachusetts District 11 0 10 1 0 1Incoming: 1 Constitutional Unionist 1 Michigan District 4 0 1 4 1 0 0 Minnesota At-large 2 0 2 0 0 New Jersey District 5 3 1 2 1 0 0 New York District 33 10ny4 3 23 3 0 0 Wisconsin District 3 0 1 3 1 0 0 Late elections (after the March 4, 1861 beginning of the term) New Hampshire District March 12, 1861 3 0 3 0 0 Connecticut District April 1, 1861 4 2 2 2 2 0 0 Rhode Island District April 3, 1861 2 0 0 2 0 2Incoming: 2 Constitutional Unionists 2 Virginia District May 23, 1861Two districts held elections on October 24, 1861, but the winners of these races were not seated by the House. 13Including 9 vacancies. No elections were held in 8 districts; the representative-elect from Virginia's 1st congressional district was not seated by the House. 0 12 0 4 4 0Outgoing: 1 Opposition 1 Maryland District June 13, 1861 6 0 3 0 6 6 0Outgoing: 3 Know Nothings 3 Kentucky District June 20, 1861 10 0 5 0 9 9 1Including Outgoing: 5 Opposition Incoming: 1 Southern Rights 4 Late elections (after the July 4, 1861 beginning of the first session of the 37th Congress) Tennessee District August 1, 1861 10Including 7 vacancies. No elections were held in 6 districts; the representative-elect from Tennessee's 1st congressional district was captured en route to Washington and did not take their seat. 0 3 0 3 3 0Outgoing: 7 Opposition 7 California At-large September 4, 1861 3California elected three representatives, one more than the number allocated by the 1850 United States census. The third representative was not seated until June 3, 1862, following reapportionment. 0 3 1 0 0 Seceded states not holding full elections Alabama District None 7 0 7 0 0 0 Georgia District None 8 0 6 0 0 0Outgoing: 1 Know Nothing, 1 Opposition 2 Louisiana District None 4 0 3 0 0 0Outgoing: 1 Opposition 1 Mississippi District None 5 0 5 0 0 0 North Carolina District None 8 0 5 0 0 0Outgoing: 3 Opposition 3 Texas District None 2 0 2 0 0 0 TotalExcluding states that seceded during the American Civil War. 18059 vacancies 44ny424.44% 51 10860.00% 8 2212.22% 22 63.33% 18 Results by region Historians of the Civil War era subdivide the Northern United States into upper and lower regions. The Lower North (also called the Border North) is normally defined as the free states sharing a border with one or more slave states; in 1860, this included Kansas, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, New Jersey, Ohio, and Pennsylvania.Freehling 2007 97 The remaining free states—New England (Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Vermont), Michigan, Minnesota, New York, and Wisconsin—constituted the Upper North. During the 1850s, the Upper North was solidly Republican, while the Lower North's population included large numbers of immigrants and the descendants of White Southerners favorable to the Democratic Party.Foner 1995 144, 186 The Southern United States was split between the Upper South, which included the border states (Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, and Missouri) and the Middle South (Arkansas, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia), and the Lower South, comprising the states of Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, South Carolina, and Texas. In 1861, the Lower South states were the first to secede, while the Middle South and the border states remained in limbo.Freehling 2007 2–3 California and Oregon, on the West Coast of the United States, were geographically isolated from the rest of the country. Region Totalseats Democratic Republican Unionists Constitutional Union Independent Democrat Other Vacancies Upper North 71 11 56 0 3 1 0 0 Lower North 74 26 48 0 0 0 0 0 Border South 24 5 1 15 1 0 2 0 Middle South 33 0 0 7 0 0 0 26 Lower South 33 0 0 0 0 0 0 33 West Coast 4 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 Bar charts Popular vote #ddd 600px 650px Republican Republican Party (US) 47.52 Democratic Democratic Party (US) 40.03 Unionists Unionist politician (American Civil War) 4.69 Constitutional Union Constitutional Union Party (US) 2.69 Southern Rights Southern Rights Party (US) 1.09 People's Opposition Party (Southern U.S.) 0.20 Opposition Opposition Party (Southern U.S.) 0.13 Independents and others Others 3.65House seats #ddd 600px 650px Republican Republican Party (US) 60.00 Democratic Democratic Party (US) 23.89 Unionists Unionist politician (American Civil War) 12.22 Constitutional Union Constitutional Union Party (US) 2.22 People's Opposition Party (Southern U.S.) 0.56 Southern Rights Southern Rights Party (US) 0.56 Independent Democrat Independent Democrat 0.56 Maps Special elections List of special elections to the United States House of Representatives There were special elections in 1860–61 during the 36th United States Congress and 37th United States Congress. 36th Congress Dubin 1998 185 |- ! MO 1 X | Francis P. Blair Jr. | | Republican | 1856Blair lost the 1858 election for this seat to Barret, but successfully contested Barret's election and was seated on June 8, 1860. | | Incumbent resigned June 25, 1860.New member elected October 3, 1860.Democratic gain. | nowrap | Democratic Party (US) John R. Barret (Democratic) 50.27% Republican Party (US)Francis P. Blair Jr. (Republican) 49.70% Know NothingAlbert Todd (American) 0.02% |- ! PA 8 X | John Schwartz | | Anti-LecomptonDemocratic | 1858 | | Incumbent died June 20, 1860.New member elected October 9, 1860.Democratic gain. | nowrap | Democratic Party (US) Jacob K. McKenty (Democratic) 56.19% Republican Party (US)James McKnight (Republican) 43.81% |- ! ME 5 X | Israel Washburn Jr. | | Republican | 1850 | | Incumbent resigned January 1, 1861.New member elected November 6, 1860.Republican hold. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) Stephen Coburn (Republican) 65.86% Democratic Party (US)Joseph D. Brown (Democratic) 14.47% Southern Democratic (US)Joseph Chase (Breckinridge Democratic) 14.92% Others UnknownAbner Coburn (Unknown) 0.86% Constitutional Union Party (US)Ebenezer Hutchinson (Constitutional Union) 0.57% UnknownSamuel Blake (Unknown) 0.32% |- ! NY 31 X | Silas M. Burroughs | | Republican | 1856 | | Incumbent died June 3, 1860.New member elected November 6, 1860.Republican hold. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) Edwin R. Reynolds (Republican) 59.02% Democratic Party (US)Linus J. Peck (Democratic) 39.09% Southern Democratic (US)James L. Bowen (Breckinridge Democratic) 1.89% |} 37th Congress Dubin 1998 190 |- ! Ohio 7 X | Thomas Corwin | | Republican | 1858 | | Incumbent resigned March 12, 1861.New member elected May 28, 1861.Union gain. | nowrap | National Union Party (US) Richard A. Harrison (Union) 52.65% Democratic Party (US)Aaron Harlan (Democratic) 47.35% |- ! Ohio 13 X | John Sherman | | Republican | 1854 | | Incumbent resigned March 12, 1861.New member elected May 28, 1861.Republican hold. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) Samuel T. Worcester (Republican) 55.85% Democratic Party (US)William McLaughlin (Democratic) 44.15% |- ! Massachusetts 3 X | Charles F. Adams Sr. | | Republican | 1858 | | Incumbent resigned May 1, 1861.New member elected June 11, 1861.Union gain. | nowrap | National Union Party (US) Benjamin Thomas (Union) 90.80% Democratic Party (US)Eleazar Beal (DemocraticThe democrats of the third congressional district [...] https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn83020847/1861-06-08/ed-1/?sp=8 Springfield Weekly Republican June 8, 1861) 9.2% |- ! Pennsylvania 12 X | George W. Scranton | | Republican | 1858 | | Incumbent died March 24, 1861.New member elected June 21, 1861.Democratic gain. | nowrap | Democratic Party (US) Hendrick B. Wright (D Democratic; P People's) 67.82% Independent politicianDavid R. Randall (IndependentRandall, a Peace Democrat, ran as an independent candidate against Wright,The Election To-Day https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025181/1861-06-22/ed-1/?sp=2 Columbia Democrat and Bloomsburg General Advertiser June 22, 1861 The Late Elections https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85054616/1861-07-10/ed-1/?sp=2 Raftman's Journal July 10, 1861 a War Democrat nominated by both the DemocraticCongressional Election https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025182/1861-07-03/ed-1/?sp=2 Star of the North July 3, 1861 and People'sThe Republican Party [...] https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025182/1861-07-03/ed-1/?sp=2 Star of the North July 3, 1861 district conventions.Dell 1975 130–31) 32.18% |- ! Pennsylvania 2 X | Edward Joy Morris | | Republican | 1856 | | Incumbent resigned June 8, 1861.New member elected July 2, 1861.Democratic gain.Charles J. Biddle [...] https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025181/1861-06-29/ed-1/?sp=2 Columbia Democrat and Bloomsburg General Advertiser June 29, 1861 The Late Elections https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85054616/1861-07-10/ed-1/?sp=2 Raftman's Journal July 10, 1861 | nowrap | Democratic Party (US) Charles J. Biddle (Democratic) 51.59% Republican Party (US)Charles O'Neill (People's) 48.41% |- ! Iowa 1 X | Samuel Curtis | | Republican | 1856 | | Incumbent resigned August 4, 1861.New member elected October 8, 1861.Republican hold. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) James F. Wilson (Republican) 56.66% Democratic Party (US)Jairus Edward Neal (Democratic) 40.94% Scattering 2.40% |- ! Virginia 11 X | John S. Carlile | | Union | 1859 | | Incumbent resigned July 9, 1861.New member elected October 24, 1861.Union hold. | nowrap | Unionist politician (American Civil War) Jacob B. Blair (Union) UnknownFrost (Unknown) UnknownHaywood (Unknown) Incomplete data |- ! Massachusetts 5 X | William Appleton | | ConstitutionalUnion | 18501854 (lost)1860 | | Incumbent resigned September 27, 1861.New member elected November 5, 1861.Republican gain. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) Samuel Hooper (Republican) 56.14% Democratic Party (US)George B. Upton (Democratic) 43.86% |- ! Illinois 6 X | John A. McClernand | | Democratic | 1859 (special) | | Incumbent resigned October 28, 1861.New member elected December 12, 1861.Democratic hold. | nowrap | Democratic Party (US) Anthony L. Knapp (Democratic) 97.92% Scattering 2.08% |- ! Missouri 3 X | John Bullock Clark | | Democratic | 1856 | | Incumbent expelled July 13, 1861.New member elected December 30, 1861.Democratic hold. | nowrap | Democratic Party (US) William A. Hall (Democratic) 96.79% Unknown M. C. Hawkins (Unknown) 2.29% Scattering 0.91% |} Alabama List of United States representatives from Alabama Alabama did not hold elections in 1860 or 1861, due to secession. |- ! Alabama 1 X | James Stallworth | | Democratic | 1857 | | No election.Democratic loss. | None. |- ! Alabama 2 X | James L. Pugh | | Democratic | 1859 | | No election.Democratic loss. | None. |- ! Alabama 3 X | David Clopton | | Democratic | 1859 | | No election.Democratic loss. | None. |- ! Alabama 4 X | Sydenham Moore | | Democratic | 1857 | | No election.Democratic loss. | None. |- ! Alabama 5 X | George S. Houston | | Democratic | 1851 | | No election.Democratic loss. | None. |- ! Alabama 6 X | Williamson Cobb | | Democratic | 1847 | | No election.Democratic loss. | None. |- ! Alabama 7 X | Jabez L. M. Curry | | Democratic | 1857 | | No election.Democratic loss. | None. |} Arkansas List of United States representatives from Arkansas Arkansas held elections on August 6, 1860, but seceded before the winners could tale their seats Dubin 1998 187 |- ! Arkansas 1 X | Thomas C. Hindman | | Democratic | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Democratic Party (US) Thomas C. Hindman (Democratic) 67.40% IndependentJesse N. Cypert (Independent) 32.60% |- ! Arkansas 2 X | Albert Rust | | Democratic | 1858 | | Incumbent retired.Independent gain. | nowrap | Independent Edward W. Gantt (Independent) 54.38% Democratic Party (US)Charles B. Mitchel (Democratic) 42.69% IndependentJames A. Jones (Independent) 2.92% |} California List of United States representatives from California 1860 United States Senate election in California 1860 United States Senate special election in California California held elections on September 4, 1861, after the beginning of Congress. Voters chose three representatives, one more than the state was allocated under the 1850 United States census. Frederick Low, the third-place finisher, was not seated until June 3, 1862, following reapportionment.Dubin 1998 192n23 Dubin 1998 189Each voter voted for three candidates, who were elected at-large on a general ticket. Dubin calculates the percentage for each candidate out of the total number of ballots cast. |- ! rowspan=3 | California AL X | John C. Burch | | LecomptonDemocratic | 1859 | | Incumbent retired.Republican gain. | nowrap rowspan=3 | Republican Party (US) Timothy G. Phelps (Republican) 48.10% Republican Party (US) Aaron A. Sargent (Republican) 47.21% Republican Party (US) Frederick Low (Republican) 36.37% War DemocratHenry Edgerton (War Democratic) 33.01% War DemocratJoseph C. McKibben (War Democratic) 32.97% Southern Democratic (US)Frank Ganahl (Breckinridge Democratic) 29.53% Southern Democratic (US)Henry P. Barber (Breckinridge Democratic) 29.42% Southern Democratic (US)D. O. Shattuck (Breckinridge Democratic) 22.38% War DemocratJohn R. Gitchell (War Democratic) 21.00% |- | Charles L. Scott | | LecomptonDemocratic | 1856 | | Incumbent retired.Republican gain. |- | colspan=3 | None (new seat) | | New seat.Republican gain. |} Colorado Territory See non-voting delegates, below. Connecticut List of United States representatives from Connecticut 1860 United States Senate election in Connecticut Connecticut held elections on April 1, 1861, after the new term began but before Congress convened. Dubin 1998 189 Greeley 1862 56Dubin lists the Republican candidates as Unionists, but the Connecticut Union Party did not organize until the fall of 1861, after these elections.Smith 2006 44 |- ! Connecticut 1 X | Dwight Loomis | | 1859 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) Dwight Loomis (Republican) 50.35% Democratic Party (US)Alvan P. Hyde (Democratic) 49.65% |- ! Connecticut 2 X | John Woodruff | | 1859 | | Incumbent lost re-election.Democratic gain. | nowrap | Democratic Party (US) James E. English (Democratic) 52.29% Republican Party (US)John Woodruff (Republican) 47.71% |- ! Connecticut 3 X | Alfred A. Burnham | | 1859 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) Alfred A. Burnham (Republican) 57.25% Democratic Party (US)Rufus L. Baker (Democratic) 42.75% |- ! Connecticut 4 X | Orris S. Ferry | | 1859 | | Incumbent lost re-election.Democratic gain. | nowrap | Democratic Party (US) George C. Woodruff (Democratic) 50.18% Republican Party (US)Orris S. Ferry (Republican) 49.82% |} Dakota Territory See non-voting delegates, below. Delaware List of United States representatives from Delaware Delaware held elections on November 6, 1860 Election Day. Dubin 1998 187 |- ! Delaware AL X | William G. Whiteley | | Democratic | 1856 | | Incumbent retired.People's gain. | nowrap | Opposition Party (Southern U.S.) George P. Fisher (People's) 48.39% Southern Democratic (US)Benjamin T. Biggs (Breckinridge Democratic) 46.85% Democratic Party (US)Elias Reed (Douglas Democratic) 4.76% |} Florida 1860 United States House of Representatives election in Florida List of United States representatives from Florida Florida held elections on October 1, 1860, but seceded before the winner could take their seat. Dubin 1998 187 |- ! Florida AL X | George S. Hawkins | | Democratic | 1856 | | Incumbent retired.Democratic hold. | nowrap | Democratic Party (US) Robert Benjamin Hilton (Democratic) 59.89% Opposition Party (US)B. F. Allen (Opposition) 40.11% |} Georgia List of United States representatives from Georgia Georgia did not hold elections in 1860 or 1861, following secession. |- ! GA 1 X | Peter E. Love | | Democratic | 1859 | | No election.Democratic loss. | None. |- ! GA 2 X | Martin J. Crawford | | Democratic | 1855 | | No election.Democratic loss. | None. |- ! GA 3 X | Thomas Hardeman Jr. | | Opposition | 1859 | | No election.Opposition loss. | None. |- ! GA 4 X | Lucius J. Gartrell | | Democratic | 1857 | | No election.Democratic loss. | None. |- ! GA 5 X | John W. H. Underwood | | Democratic | 1859 | | No election.Democratic loss. | None. |- ! GA 6 X | James Jackson | | Democratic | 1857 | | No election.Democratic loss. | None. |- ! GA 7 X | Joshua Hill | | Know Nothing | 1857 | | No election.Know Nothing loss. | None. |- ! GA 8 X | John J. Jones | | Democratic | 1857 | | No election.Democratic loss. | None. |} Illinois List of United States representatives from Illinois 1861 Illinois's 6th congressional district special election 1861 United States Senate election in Illinois Illinois held elections on November 6, 1860. Dubin 1998 187 |- ! Illinois 1 X | Elihu B. Washburne | | Republican | 1852 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) Elihu B. Washburne (Republican) 70.59% Democratic Party (US)Theodore A. C. Beard (Democratic) 29.41% |- ! Illinois 2 X | John F. Farnsworth | | Republican | 1856 | | Incumbent retired.Republican hold. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) Isaac N. Arnold (Republican) 64.53% Democratic Party (US)Augustus N. Herrington (Democratic) 35.47% |- ! Illinois 3 X | Owen Lovejoy | | Republican | 1856 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) Owen Lovejoy (Republican) 61.1% Democratic Party (US)Robert N. Murray (Democratic) 38.9% |- ! Illinois 4 X | William Kellogg | | Republican | 1856 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) William Kellogg (Republican) 54.65% Democratic Party (US)Robert G. Ingersoll (Democratic) 45.35% |- ! Illinois 5 X | Isaac N. Morris | | Democratic | 1856 | | Incumbent retired.Democratic hold. | nowrap | Democratic Party (US) William A. Richardson (Democratic) 53.58% Republican Party (US)Benjamin M. Prentiss (Republican) 46.42% |- ! Illinois 6 X | John A. McClernand | | Democratic | 1859 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Democratic Party (US) John A. McClernand (Democratic) 56.62% Republican Party (US)Henry Case (Republican) 43.38% |- ! Illinois 7 X | James C. Robinson | | Democratic | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Democratic Party (US) James C. Robinson (Democratic) 54.07% Republican Party (US)James T. Cunningham (Republican) 45.93% |- ! Illinois 8 X | Philip B. Fouke | | Democratic | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Democratic Party (US) Philip B. Fouke (Democratic) 55.48% Republican Party (US)Joseph Gillespie (Republican) 44.52% |- ! Illinois 9 X | John A. Logan | | Democratic | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Democratic Party (US) John A. Logan (Democratic) 79.54% IndependentDavid T. Linegar (Independent) 19.85% |} Indiana List of United States representatives from Indiana 1860 United States Senate election in Indiana Indiana held elections on October 9, 1860. Dubin 1998 187 |- ! Indiana 1 X | William E. Niblack | | Democratic | 1857 | | Incumbent retired.Democratic hold. | nowrap | Democratic Party (US) John Law (Democratic) 55.67% Republican Party (US)Lemuel Q. Debruler (Republican) 44.33% |- ! Indiana 2 X | William H. English | | Democratic | 1858 | | Incumbent retired.Democratic hold. | nowrap | Democratic Party (US) James A. Cravens (Democratic) 51.28% Republican Party (US)John S. Davis (Republican) 48.72% |- ! Indiana 3 X | William M. Dunn | | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) William M. Dunn (Republican) 54.54% Democratic Party (US)William Mitchel Daily (Democratic) 45.46% |- ! Indiana 4 X | William S. Holman | | Democratic | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Democratic Party (US) William S. Holman (Democratic) 51.22% Republican Party (US)James L. Yater (Republican) 48.78% |- ! Indiana 5 X | David Kilgore | | Republican | 1858 | | Incumbent retired.Republican hold. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) George W. Julian (Republican) 62.00% Democratic Party (US)William A. Bickle (Democratic) 38.00% |- ! Indiana 6 X | Albert G. Porter | | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) Albert G. Porter (Republican) 52.29% Democratic Party (US)Robert L. Walpole (Democratic) 47.71% |- ! Indiana 7 X | John G. Davis | | Anti-LecomptonDemocratic | 1858 | | Incumbent retired.Democratic gain. | nowrap | Democratic Party (US) Daniel W. Voorhees (Democratic) 51.46% Republican Party (US)Thomas H. Nelson (Republican) 47.28% IndependentJames A. Scott (Independent) 1.26% |- ! Indiana 8 X | James Wilson | | Republican | 1858 | | Incumbent retired.Republican hold. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) Albert S. White (Republican) 53.67% Democratic Party (US)Samuel C. Wilson (Democratic) 46.33% |- ! Indiana 9 X | Schuyler Colfax | | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) Schuyler Colfax (Republican) 55.71% Democratic Party (US)Charles W. Cathcart (Democratic) 44.29% |- ! Indiana 10 X | Charles Case | | Republican | 1858 | | Incumbent retired.Republican hold. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) William Mitchell (Republican) 55.62% Democratic Party (US)Philip M. Henkle (Democratic) 44.38% |- ! Indiana 11 X | John U. Pettit | | Republican | 1856 | | Incumbent retired.Republican hold. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) John P. C. Shanks (Republican) 54.08% Democratic Party (US)Asbury Steele (Democratic) 45.92% |} Iowa List of United States representatives from Iowa 1861 Iowa's 1st congressional district special election 1860 United States Senate election in Iowa Iowa held elections on October 9, 1860. Dubin 1998 187 |- ! Iowa 1 X | Samuel R. Curtis | | Republican | 1856 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) Samuel R. Curtis (Republican) 52.88% Democratic Party (US)C. C. Cole (Democratic) 47.12% |- ! Iowa 2 X | William Vandever | | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) William Vandever (Republican) 57.50% Democratic Party (US)Ben M. Samuels (Democratic) 42.50% |} Kansas 1859 United States House of Representatives election in Kansas Kansas previously held elections on December 1, 1859; the winner, Martin F. Conway, was seated on January 29, 1861, following the state's admission, and continued to serve during the 37th Congress. The next election for this seat was held on November 4, 1862.Dubin 1998 187, 191n1, 194 Kentucky List of United States representatives from Kentucky 1861 United States Senate special election in Kentucky Kentucky held elections on June 20, 1861, after the new term began but before Congress convened. Dubin 1998 189 Astor 2012 174 |- ! Kentucky 1 X | Henry C. Burnett | | Democratic | 1855 | | Incumbent re-elected as Southern Rights.Burnett, a Democrat, was nominated for re-election by the Southern Rights convention. He was the only secessionist to win a seat and was soon expelled from Congress.Craig Ullrich 2016 11Southern Rights gain. | nowrap | Southern Rights Party (US) Henry C. Burnett (Southern Rights) 59.08% Unionist politician (American Civil War)Lawrence S. Trimble (Union Democratic) 40.92% |- ! Kentucky 2 X | Samuel Peyton | | Democratic | 1857 | | Incumbent lost renomination.Union Democratic gain. | nowrap | Unionist politician (American Civil War) James S. Jackson (Union Democratic) 73.4% Southern Rights Party (US)John T. Bunch (Southern Rights) 26.6% |- ! Kentucky 3 X | Francis Bristow | | Opposition | 1854 (special)1855 (retired)1859 | | Incumbent retired.Union Democratic gain. | nowrap | Unionist politician (American Civil War) Henry Grider (Union Democratic) 76.95% Southern Rights Party (US)Joseph Horace Lewis (Southern Rights) 23.05% |- ! Kentucky 4 X | William C. Anderson | | Opposition | 1859 | | Incumbent retired.Union Democratic gain. | nowrap | Unionist politician (American Civil War) Aaron Harding (Union Democratic) 80.72% Southern Rights Party (US)Albert G. Talbott (Southern Rights) 19.28% |- ! Kentucky 5 X | John Y. Brown | | Democratic | 1859 | | Incumbent retired.Union Democratic gain. | nowrap | Unionist politician (American Civil War) Charles A. Wickliffe (Union Democratic) 75.14% Southern Rights Party (US)H. E. Read (Southern Rights) 24.86% |- ! Kentucky 6 X | George W. Dunlap | | Opposition | 18471849 (retired)1859 | | Incumbent re-elected as a Union Democrat.Union Democratic gain. | nowrap | Unionist politician (American Civil War) George W. Dunlap (Union Democratic) 97.32% Southern Rights Party (US)Alfred Smith (Southern Rights) 1.83% Scattering 0.85 |- ! Kentucky 7 X | Robert Mallory | | Opposition | 1859 | | Incumbent re-elected as a Union Democrat.Union Democratic gain. | nowrap | Unionist politician (American Civil War) Robert Mallory (Union Democratic) 79.41% Southern Rights Party (US)Horatio Washington Bruce (Southern Rights) 20.59% |- ! Kentucky 8 X | William E. Simms | | Democratic | 1859 | | Incumbent lost re-election.Union Democratic gain. | nowrap | Unionist politician (American Civil War) John J. Crittenden (Union Democratic) 59.18% Southern Rights Party (US)William E. Simms (Southern Rights) 40.82% |- ! Kentucky 9 X | Laban T. Moore | | Opposition | 1859 | | Incumbent retired.Union Democratic gain. | nowrap | Unionist politician (American Civil War) William H. Wadsworth (Union Democratic) 75.91% Southern Rights Party (US)John L. Williams (Southern Rights) 24.09% |- ! Kentucky 10 X | John W. Stevenson | | Democratic | 1857 | | Incumbent lost re-election.Union Democratic gain. | nowrap | Unionist politician (American Civil War) John W. Menzies (Union Democratic) 65.18% Southern Rights Party (US)Overton P. Hogan (Southern Rights) 29.38% IndependentThomas L. Jones (Independent) (withdrew) 5.43% |} Louisiana List of United States representatives from Louisiana Louisiana did not hold elections in 1860 or 1861, following secession. Late elections were held on December 3, 1862, in two congressional districts under Union Army control; the winners were seated on February 17, 1863, 15 days before the end of their term.Dubin 1998 190, 192n41–42 Winters 1963 133–134 Dubin 1998 190 |- ! Louisiana 1 X | John Edward Bouligny | | Know Nothing | 1859 | | No election.Know Nothing loss. | None. |- ! Louisiana 2 X | Miles Taylor | | 1855 | | No election.Democratic loss. | None. |- ! Louisiana 3 X | Thomas G. Davidson | | 1855 | | No election.Democratic loss. | None. |- ! Louisiana 4 X | John M. Landrum | | 1859 | | No election.Democratic loss. | None. |} Maine List of United States representatives from Maine 1860 Maine's 5th congressional district special election 1861 United States Senate special election in Maine Maine held elections on September 10, 1860. Dubin 1998 187 |- ! Maine 1 X | Daniel E. Somes | | Republican | 1858 | | Incumbent retired.Republican hold. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) John N. Goodwin (Republican) 53.00% Democratic Party (US)Thomas M. Hayes (Democratic) 46.55% Constitutional Union Party (US)Nathan Webb (Constitutional Union) 0.45% |- ! Maine 2 X | John J. Perry | | Republican | 1854 | | Incumbent retired.Republican hold. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) Charles W. Walton (Republican) 55.68% Democratic Party (US)Calvin Record (Democratic) 44.32% |- ! Maine 3 X | Ezra B. French | | Republican | 1858 | | Incumbent retired.Republican hold. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) Samuel C. Fessenden (Republican) 52.54% Democratic Party (US)Alfred W. Johnson (Democratic) 47.46% |- ! Maine 4 X | Freeman H. Morse | | Republican | 1856 | | Incumbent retired.Republican hold. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) Anson Morrill (Republican) 61.59% Democratic Party (US)Benjamin A. Fuller (Democratic) 35.24% UnknownGeorge C. Getchell (Unknown) 1.49% UnknownBion Bradbury (Unknown) 0.77% UnknownFreeman H. Morse (Unknown) 0.55% Scattering 0.36 |- ! Maine 5 X | Israel Washburn Jr. | | Republican | 1850 | | Incumbent retired to run for Governor of Maine.Republican hold. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) John H. Rice (Republican) 59.76% Democratic Party (US)Samuel H. Blake (Democratic) 38.74% Constitutional Union Party (US)Ebenezer Hutchinson (Constitutional Union) 1.04% Scattering 0.47% |- ! Maine 6 X | Stephen C. Foster | | Republican | 1856 | | Incumbent retired.Republican hold. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) Frederick A. Pike (Republican) 54.27% Democratic Party (US)Bion Bradbury (Democratic) 44.72% Scattering 1.01% |} Maryland List of United States representatives from Maryland 1861 United States Senate election in Maryland Maryland held elections on June 13, 1861, after the new term began but before Congress convened. Dubin 1998 189 |- ! Maryland 1 X | James A. Stewart | | Democratic | 1855 | | Incumbent retired.Union gain. | nowrap | Unionist politician (American Civil War) John W. Crisfield (Union) 57.39% Southern Rights PartyDaniel McHenry (States' Rights) 42.61% |- ! Maryland 2 X | Edwin H. Webster | | KnowNothing | 1859 | | Incumbent re-elected as a Unionist.Union gain. | nowrap | Unionist politician (American Civil War) Edwin H. Webster (Union) 98.63% Scattering 1.37% |- ! Maryland 3 X | J. Morrison Harris | | KnowNothing | 1855 | | Incumbent retired.Union gain. | nowrap | Unionist politician (American Civil War) Cornelius Leary (Union) 51.95% Southern Rights PartyWilliam P. Preston (States' Rights) 48.05% |- ! Maryland 4 X | Henry W. Davis | | KnowNothing | 1855 | | Incumbent lost re-election as a Unionist.Union and Peace gain. | nowrap | Unionist politician (American Civil War) Henry May (Union and Peace) 57.55% Unionist politician (American Civil War)Henry W. Davis (Union) 42.45% |- ! Maryland 5 X | Jacob M. Kunkel | | Democratic | 1857 | | Incumbent retired.Union gain. | nowrap | Unionist politician (American Civil War) Francis Thomas (Union) 96.18% Scattering 3.82% |- ! Maryland 6 X | George W. Hughes | | Democratic | 1859 | | Incumbent retired.Union gain. | nowrap | Unionist politician (American Civil War) Charles B. Calvert (Union) 50.92% Southern Rights PartyBenjamin G. Harris (States' Rights) 49.08% |} Massachusetts List of United States representatives from Massachusetts 1861 Massachusetts's 3rd congressional district special election 1861 Massachusetts's 5th congressional district special election Massachusetts held elections on November 6, 1860. Dubin 1998 187 |- ! Massachusetts 1 X | Thomas D. Eliot | | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) Thomas D. Eliot (Republican) 72.52% Constitutional Union Party (US)Daniel Fisher (Constitutional Union) 10.47% Democratic Party (US)Moses Bates (Democratic) 8.67% Southern Democratic (US)F. E. Sanford (Breckinridge Democratic) 8.34% |- ! Massachusetts 2 X | James Buffington | | Republican | 1854 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) James Buffington (Republican) 68.40% Democratic Party (US)Alexander Long (D Democratic; CU Constitutional Union) 29.85% |- ! Massachusetts 3 X | Charles Francis Adams Sr. | | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) Charles Francis Adams Sr. (Republican) 58.57% Democratic Party (US)Leverett Saltonstall (Democratic) 41.43% |- ! Massachusetts 4 X | Alexander H. Rice | | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) Alexander H. Rice (Republican) 52.32% Democratic Party (US)Erastus B. Bigelow (D Democratic; CU Constitutional Union; BD Breckinridge Democratic) 47.68% |- ! Massachusetts 5 X | Anson Burlingame | | Republican | 1854 | | Incumbent lost re-election.Constitutional Union gain. | nowrap | Constitutional Union Party (US) William Appleton (CU Constitutional Union; D Democratic; BD Breckinridge Democratic) 50.82% Republican Party (US)Anson Burlingame (Republican) 49.18% |- ! Massachusetts 6 X | John B. Alley | | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) John B. Alley (Republican) 63.07% Constitutional Union Party (US)Otis P. Lord (Constitutional Union) 16.16% Democratic Party (US)Jefferson Knight (Democratic) 14.39% Southern Democratic (US)George B. Loring (Breckinridge Democratic) 4.72% Scattering 1.65% |- ! Massachusetts 7 X | Daniel W. Gooch | | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) Daniel W. Gooch (Republican) 60.48% Democratic Party (US)Charles A. Welch (D Democratic; CU Constitutional Union) 35.79% Southern Democratic (US)George Johnson (Breckinridge Democratic) 3.74% |- ! Massachusetts 8 X | Charles R. Train | | Republican | 1859 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) Charles R. Train (Republican) 64.88% Democratic Party (US)Alpheus R. Brown (Democratic) 16.71% Constitutional Union Party (US)Winthrop E. Faulkner (Constitutional Union) 15.67% Southern Democratic (US)James C. Abbott (Breckinridge Democratic) 2.74% |- ! Massachusetts 9 X | Eli Thayer | | 1856 | | Incumbent lost re-election as a Constitutional Unionist.Republican hold. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) Goldsmith Bailey (Republican) 54.74% Constitutional Union Party (US)Eli Thayer (Constitutional Union) 44.65% Southern Democratic (US)S. W. Stevens (Breckinridge Democratic) 0.61% |- ! Massachusetts 10 X | Charles Delano | | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) Charles Delano (Republican) 75.39% Democratic Party (US)Josiah Allis (Democratic) 19.02% Southern Democratic (US)Benning Leavitt (Breckenridge Democratic) 5.6% |- ! Massachusetts 11 X | Henry L. Dawes | | Republican | 1856 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) Henry L. Dawes (Republican) 67.71% Democratic Party (US)Norman T. Leonard (Democratic) 28.60% Southern Democratic (US)John M. Cole (Breckinridge Democratic) 3.69% |} Michigan List of United States representatives from Michigan Michigan its members on the November 6, 1860 Election Day. Dubin 1998 187 |- ! Michigan 1 X | William A. Howard | | Republican | 1854 | | Incumbent retired.Republican hold. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) Bradley F. Granger (Republican) 52.51% Democratic Party (US)George V. Lathrop (Democratic) 47.03% UnknownJohn Conely (Unknown) 0.45% |- ! Michigan 2 X | Henry Waldron | | Republican | 1854 | | Incumbent retired.Republican hold. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) Fernando C. Beaman (Republican) 60.16% Democratic Party (US)Salathiel C. Coffenberry (Democratic) 39.84% |- ! Michigan 3 X | Francis W. Kellogg | | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) Francis W. Kellogg (Republican) 59.04% Democratic Party (US)Thomas B. Church (Democratic) 40.59% UnknownJohn Bell (Unknown) 0.37% |- ! Michigan 4 X | Dewitt C. Leach | | Republican | 1858 | | Incumbent retired.Republican hold. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) Rowland E. Trowbridge (Republican) 55.79% Democratic Party (US)Edward Thompson (Democratic) 44.21% |} Minnesota List of United States representatives from Minnesota Minnesota held elections on November 6, 1860. Dubin 1998 187Each voter selected two candidates, who were elected at-large on a general ticket. Dubin calculates the percentage for each candidate out of the total number of ballots cast. |- ! Minnesota AL X | Cyrus Aldrich | | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. | rowspan=2 nowrap | Republican Party (US) Cyrus Aldrich (Republican) 63.49% Republican Party (US) William Windom (Republican) 63.02% Democratic Party (US)John M. Gilman (Democratic) 34.59% Democratic Party (US)James George (Democratic) 34.47% Southern Democratic (US)Alonzo Jay Edgerton (Breckinridge Democratic) 2.24% Southern Democratic (US)James W. Taylor (Breckinridge Democratic) 2.19% |- ! Minnesota AL X | William Windom | | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |} Mississippi List of United States representatives from Mississippi Mississippi seceded on January 9, 1861, and did not hold elections for the 37th Congress. |- ! Mississippi 1 X | Lucius Q. C. Lamar | | Democratic | 1857 | | No election.Democratic loss. | None. |- ! Mississippi 2 X | Reuben Davis | | Democratic | 1857 | | No election.Democratic loss. | None. |- ! Mississippi 3 X | William Barksdale | | Democratic | 1855 | | No election.Democratic loss. | None. |- ! Mississippi 4 X | Otho R. Singleton | | Democratic | 1857 | | No election.Democratic loss. | None. |- ! Mississippi 5 X | John J. McRae | | Democratic | 1858 (special) | | No election.Democratic loss. | None. |} Missouri List of United States representatives from Missouri 1860 Missouri's 1st congressional district special election 1861 United States Senate election in Missouri Missouri held elections on September 10, 1860. Dubin 1998 187–188 |- ! Missouri 1 X | John R. Barret | | Democratic | 1858 | | Incumbent lost re-election.Republican gain. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) Francis Preston Blair Jr. (Republican) 44.11% Democratic Party (US)John R. Barret (Democratic) 38.39% Constitutional Union Party (US)Albert Todd (Constitutional Union) 17.49% |- ! Missouri 2 X | Thomas L. Anderson | | IndependentDemocratic | 1856 | | Incumbent retired.Constitutional Union gain. | nowrap | Constitutional Union Party (US) James S. Rollins (Constitutional Union) 50.57% Democratic Party (US)John B. Henderson (Democratic) 49.43% |- ! Missouri 3 X | John Bullock Clark | | Democratic | 1856 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Democratic Party (US) John Bullock Clark (Democratic) 59.53% Constitutional Union Party (US)M. C. Hawkins (Constitutional Union) 40.47% |- ! Missouri 4 X | James Craig | | Democratic | 1856 | | Incumbent lost renomination.CRAIG, James, (1818 - 1888) http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=C000857 March 20, 2015 Biographical Directory of the United States CongressDemocratic hold | nowrap | Democratic Party (US) Elijah Hise Norton (Democratic) 62.30% Constitutional Union Party (US)John Scott (Constitutional Union) 37.70% |- ! Missouri 5 X | Samuel H. Woodson | | KnowNothing | 1856 | | Incumbent retired.Democratic gain. | nowrap | Democratic Party (US) John William Reid (Democratic) 52.82% Constitutional Union Party (US)F. T. Mitchell (Constitutional Union) 47.18% |- ! Missouri 6 X | John S. Phelps | | Democratic | 1844 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Democratic Party (US) John S. Phelps (Democratic) 48.92% Constitutional Union Party (US)J. S. Rains (Constitutional Union) 40.19% Democratic Party (US)William C. Price (Democratic) 10.89% |- ! Missouri 7 X | John W. Noell | | Democratic | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Democratic Party (US) John W. Noell (Democratic) 73.45% Constitutional Union Party (US)David E. Perryman (Constitutional Union) 26.55% |} Nebraska Territory See non-voting delegates, below. Nevada Territory See non-voting delegates, below. New Hampshire List of United States representatives from New Hampshire 1861 United States Senate election in New Hampshire New Hampshire held elections on March 12, 1861, after the term began but before Congress convened. Dubin 1998 189 |- ! New Hampshire 1 X | Gilman Marston | | Republican | 1859 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) Gilman Marston (Republican) 52.86% Democratic Party (US)Daniel Marcy (Democratic) 47.14% |- ! New Hampshire 2 X | Mason Tappan | | Republican | 1855 | | Incumbent retired.Republican hold. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) Edward H. Rollins (Republican) 52.36 Democratic Party (US)Samuel N. Bell (Democratic) 47.64% |- ! New Hampshire 3 X | Thomas M. Edwards | | Republican | 1859 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) Thomas M. Edwards (Republican) 54.23% Democratic Party (US)William Burns (Democratic) 45.77% |} New Jersey List of United States representatives from New Jersey New Jersey held elections on the November 6, 1860, Election Day. Dubin 1998 188 |- ! New Jersey 1 X | John T. Nixon | | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) John T. Nixon (Republican) 50.95% Democratic Party (US)Joseph F. Learning (Democratic) 49.05% |- ! New Jersey 2 X | John L. N. Stratton | | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) John L. N. Stratton (Republican) 52.77% Democratic Party (US)Augustus Green (Democratic) 47.23% |- ! New Jersey 3 X | Garnett Adrain | | Anti-LecomptonDemocratic | 1856 | | Incumbent retired.Democratic gain. | nowrap | Democratic Party (US) William G. Steele (Democratic) 55.17% Republican Party (US)Alexander Berthoud (Republican) 44.83% |- ! New Jersey 4 X | Jetur R. Riggs | | Anti-LecomptonDemocratic | 1858 | | Incumbent retired.Democratic gain. | nowrap | Democratic Party (US) George T. Cobb (Democratic) 52.63% Republican Party (US)Benjamin Edsell (Republican) 47.37% |- ! New Jersey 5 X | William Pennington | | Republican | 1858 | | Incumbent lost re-election.Democratic gain. | nowrap | Democratic Party (US) Nehemiah Perry (Democratic) 50.63% Republican Party (US)William Pennington (Republican) 49.37% |} New Mexico Territory See non-voting delegates, below. New York List of United States representatives from New York 1860 New York's 31st congressional district special election 1861 United States Senate election in New York New York its members on the November 6, 1860. Dubin 1998 188 |- ! New York 1 X | Luther C. Carter | | Republican | 1858 | | Incumbent lost re-election.Democratic gain. | nowrap | Democratic Party (US) Edward H. Smith (Democratic) 52.78% Republican Party (US)Luther C. Carter (Republican) 47.22% |- ! New York 2 X | James Humphrey | | Republican | 1858 | | Incumbent lost re-election.Democratic gain. | nowrap | Democratic Party (US) Moses F. Odell (Democratic) 55.07% Republican Party (US)James Humphrey (Republican) 44.93% |- ! New York 3 X | Daniel Sickles | | Democratic | 1856 | | Incumbent retired.Democratic hold. | nowrap | Democratic Party (US) Benjamin Wood (Democratic) 52.83% Republican Party (US)Amer J. Williamson (Republican) 41.11% Independent Democratic Party (US)John Y. Savage (Independent Democrat) 6.05% |- ! New York 4 X | Thomas J. Barr | | IndependentDemocratic | 1858 | | Incumbent retired.Independent Democratic hold. | nowrap | Independent Democratic Party (US) James Kerrigan (Independent Democrat) 41.30% Democratic Party (US)Michael Tuomy (Democratic) 32.02% Republican Party (US)John Commerford (Republican) 26.68% |- ! New York 5 X | William B. Maclay | | Democratic | 1856 | | Incumbent retired.Republican gain. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) William Wall (Republican) 41.00% Democratic Party (US)Nelson Taylor (Democratic) 40.61% Independent Democratic Party (US)John Duffy (Independent Democrat) 18.39% |- ! New York 6 X | John Cochrane | | Democratic | 1856 | | Incumbent lost renomination.Republican gain. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) Frederick A. Conkling (Republican) 35.10% Independent Democratic Party (US)John Cochrane (Independent Democrat) 34.16% Democratic Party (US)John W. Chanler (Democratic) 30.74% |- ! New York 7 X | George Briggs | | Republican | 1858 | | Incumbent retired.Democratic gain. | nowrap | Democratic Party (US) Elijah Ward (Democratic) 56.23% Republican Party (US)Augustus F. Dow (Republican) 43.77% |- ! New York 8 X | Horace F. Clark | | Anti-LecomptonDemocratic | 1856 | | Incumbent retired.Democratic gain. | nowrap | Democratic Party (US) Isaac C. Delaplaine (Democratic) 59.04% Republican Party (US)Abram Wakeman (Republican) 40.96% |- ! New York 9 X | John B. Haskin | | Anti-LecomptonDemocratic | 1856 | | Incumbent retired.'Democratic gain. | nowrap | Democratic Party (US) Edward Haight (Democratic) 53.54% Republican Party (US)Thomas Nelson (Republican) 46.46% |- ! New York 10 X | Charles Van Wyck | | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) Charles Van Wyck (Republican) 50.45% Democratic Party (US)Daniel B. St. John (Democratic) 49.55% |- ! New York 11 X | William S. Kenyon | | Republican | 1858 | | Incumbent retired.Democratic gain. | nowrap | Democratic Party (US) John B. Steele (Democratic) 50.38% Republican Party (US)Peter H. Silvester (Republican) 49.62% |- ! New York 12 X | Charles Lewis Beale | | Republican | 1858 | | Incumbent retired.Republican hold. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) Stephen Baker (Republican) 51.99% Democratic Party (US)Ambrose Wager (Democratic) 46.34% Southern Democratic (US)John H. Overheister (Breckinridge Democratic) 1.67% |- ! New York 13 X | Abram B. Olin | | Republican | 1856 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) Abram B. Olin (Republican) 51.13% Democratic Party (US)Issac McConihe (Democratic) 48.87% |- ! New York 14 X | John H. Reynolds | | Anti-LecomptonDemocratic | 1858 | | Incumbent retired.Democratic gain. | nowrap | Democratic Party (US) Erastus Corning (Democratic) 51.85% Republican Party (US)Thomas W. Olcott (Republican) 48.15% |- ! New York 15 X | James B. McKean | | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) James B. McKean (Republican) 58.76% Democratic Party (US)Emerson E. Davis (Democratic) 41.24% |- ! New York 16 X | George W. Palmer | | Republican | 1856 | | Incumbent retired.Republican hold. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) William A. Wheeler (Republican) 58.73% Democratic Party (US)Augustus C. Hand (Democratic) 41.27% |- ! New York 17 X | Francis E. Spinner | | Republican | 1854 | | Incumbent retired.Republican hold. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) Socrates N. Sherman (Republican) 68.39% Democratic Party (US)Henry G. Foote (Democratic) 31.61% |- ! New York 18 X | Clark B. Cochrane | | Republican | 1856 | | Incumbent retired.Democratic gain. | nowrap | Democratic Party (US) Chauncey Vibbard (Democratic) 50.88% Republican Party (US)Simon H. Mix (Republican) 49.12% |- ! New York 19 X | James H. Graham | | Republican | 1858 | | Incumbent retired.Republican hold. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) Richard Franchot (Republican) 56.97% Democratic Party (US)Lyman J. Walworth (Democratic) 43.03% |- ! New York 20 X | Roscoe Conkling | | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) Roscoe Conkling (Republican) 58.28% Democratic Party (US)De Witt C. Grover (Democratic) 41.72% |- ! New York 21 X | R. Holland Duell | | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) R. Holland Duell (Republican) 62.21% Democratic Party (US)Simon C. Hitchcock (Democratic) 21.94% Southern Democratic (US)Judson C. Nelson (Breckinridge Democratic) 15.86% |- ! New York 22 X | M. Lindley Lee | | Republican | 1858 | | Incumbent retired.Republican hold. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) William E. Lansing (Republican) 63.73% Democratic Party (US)B. Franklin Chapman (Democratic) 36.27% |- ! New York 23 X | Charles B. Hoard | | Republican | 1856 | | Incumbent retired.Republican hold. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) Ambrose W. Clark (Republican) 59.90% Democratic Party (US)James F. Starbuck (Democratic) 38.2% Southern Democratic (US)George C. Sherman (Breckinridge Democratic) 1.90% |- ! New York 24 X | Charles B. Sedgwick | | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) Charles B. Sedgwick (Republican) 60.42% Democratic Party (US)Lake Tefft (Democratic) 32.92% Southern Democratic (US)Luther Hay (Breckinridge Democratic) 6.67% |- ! New York 25 X | Martin Butterfield | | Republican | 1858 | | Incumbent retired.Republican hold. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) Theodore M. Pomeroy (Republican) 64.46% Democratic Party (US)William C. Beardsley (Democratic) 35.54% |- ! New York 26 X | Emory B. Pottle | | Republican | 1856 | | Incumbent retired.Republican hold. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) Jacob P. Chamberlain (Republican) 58.26% Democratic Party (US)John L. Lewis (Democratic) 41.02% IndependentGeorge N. Clark (Independent) 0.72% |- ! New York 27 X | Alfred Wells | | Republican | 1858 | | Incumbent retired.Republican hold. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) Alexander S. Diven (Republican) 57.20% Democratic Party (US)Harvey A. Dowe (Democratic) 42.80% |- ! New York 28 X | William Irvine | | Republican | 1858 | | Incumbent retired.Republican hold. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) Robert B. Van Valkenburgh (Republican) 60.75% Democratic Party (US)Charles C. Walker (Democratic) 39.25% |- ! New York 29 X | Alfred Ely | | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) Alfred Ely (Republican) 59.41% Democratic Party (US)Mortimer F. Reynolds (Democratic) 40.59% |- ! New York 30 X | Augustus Frank | | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) Augustus Frank (Republican) 67.49% Democratic Party (US)Martin F. Robinson (Democratic) 32.51% |- ! New York 31 X | Edwin R. Reynolds | | Republican | 1860 | | Incumbent retired.Republican hold. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) Burt Van Horn (Republican) 58.81% Democratic Party (US)Phineas L. Ely (Democratic) 39.94% Southern Democratic (US)Jonathan L. Woods (Breckinridge Democratic) 1.26% |- ! New York 32 X | Elbridge G. Spaulding | | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) Elbridge G. Spaulding (Republican) 52.82% Democratic Party (US)Solomon G. Haven (Democratic) 47.18% |- ! New York 33 X | Reuben Fenton | | Republican | 1856 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) Reuben Fenton (Republican) 66.79% Democratic Party (US)Charles H. Lee (Democratic) 33.21% |} North Carolina List of United States representatives from North Carolina 1861 United States Senate election in North Carolina North Carolina seceded on May 20, 1861, and did not hold elections for the 37th Congress. |- ! North Carolina 1 X | William N. H. Smith | | Opposition | 1859 | | No election.Opposition loss. | None. |- ! North Carolina 2 X | Thomas H. Ruffin | | Democratic | 1853 | | No election.Democratic loss. | None. |- ! North Carolina 3 X | Warren Winslow | | Democratic | 1855 | | No election.Democratic loss. | None. |- ! North Carolina 4 X | Lawrence O'Bryan Branch | | Democratic | 1855 | | No election.Democratic loss. | None. |- ! North Carolina 5 X | John A. Gilmer | | Opposition | 1857 | | No election.Opposition loss. | None. |- ! North Carolina 6 X | James M. Leach | | Opposition | 1859 | | No election.Opposition loss. | None. |- ! North Carolina 7 X | F. Burton Craige | | Democratic | 1853 | | No election.Democratic loss. | None. |- ! North Carolina 8 X | Zebulon Vance | | Democratic | 1858 (Special) | | No election.Democratic loss. | None. |} Ohio List of United States representatives from Ohio 1861 Ohio's 7th congressional district special election 1861 Ohio's 13th congressional district special election 1860 United States Senate election in Ohio 1861 United States Senate special election in Ohio Dubin 1998 188 |- ! Ohio 1 X | George H. Pendleton | | Democratic | 1856 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Democratic Party (US) George H. Pendleton (Democratic) 48.87% Republican Party (US)Oliver M. Spencer (Republican) 42.97% Constitutional Union Party (US)A. E. Jones (Constitutional Union) 8.16% |- ! Ohio 2 X | John A. Gurley | | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) John A. Gurley (Republican) 48.09% Democratic Party (US)Alexander Long (Democratic) 43.08% Constitutional Union Party (US)John Scott Harrison (Constitutional Union) 8.83% |- ! Ohio 3 X | Clement Vallandigham | | Democratic | 1858 (Won contest) | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Democratic Party (US) Clement Vallandigham (Democratic) 50.16% Republican Party (US)Samuel Craighead (Republican) 49.55% UnknownAndrew McClary (Unknown) 0.29% |- ! Ohio 4 X | William Allen | | Democratic | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Democratic Party (US) William Allen (Democratic) 51.73% Republican Party (US)James Hart (Republican) 48.27% |- ! Ohio 5 X | James M. Ashley | | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) James M. Ashley (Republican) 52.29% Democratic Party (US)James B. Steedman (Democratic) 47.71% |- ! Ohio 6 X | William Howard | | Democratic | 1858 | | Incumbent retired.Democratic hold. | nowrap | Democratic Party (US) Chilton A. White (Democratic) 53.23% Republican Party (US)David H. Murphy (Republican) 46.77% |- ! Ohio 7 X | Thomas Corwin | | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) Thomas Corwin (Republican) 69.95% Democratic Party (US)William B. Telfair (Democratic) 20.16% Constitutional Union Party (US)William Stokes (Constitutional Union) 9.89% |- ! Ohio 8 X | Benjamin Stanton | | Republican | 1854 | | Incumbent retired.Republican hold. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) Samuel Shellabarger (Republican) 57.55% Democratic Party (US)James S. Harrison (Democratic) 41.23% Constitutional Union Party (US)Edward P. Fyffe (Constitutional Union) 1.22% |- ! Ohio 9 X | John Carey | | Republican | 1858 | | Incumbent lost re-election.Democratic gain. | nowrap | Democratic Party (US) Warren P. Noble (Democratic) 51.12% Republican Party (US)John Carey (Republican) 48.88% |- ! Ohio 10 X | Carey A. Trimble | | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) Carey Trimble (Republican) 51.26% Democratic Party (US)Wells A. Hutchins (Democratic) 48.74% |- ! Ohio 11 X | Charles D. Martin | | Democratic | 1858 | | Incumbent lost re-election.Republican gain. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) Valentine B. Horton (Republican) 51.49% Democratic Party (US)Charles D. Martin (Democratic) 48.52% |- ! Ohio 12 X | Samuel S. Cox | | Democratic | 1856 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Democratic Party (US) Samuel S. Cox (Democratic) 51.69% Republican Party (US)Samuel Galloway (Republican) 47.54% UnknownThomas Sparrow (Unknown) 0.77% |- ! Ohio 13 X | John Sherman | | Republican | 1854 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) John Sherman (Republican) 57.16% Democratic Party (US)Barnabas Burns (Democratic) 42.84% |- ! Ohio 14 X | Harrison G. O. Blake | | Republican | (Special) | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) Harrison G. O. Blake (Republican) 57.08% Democratic Party (US)Charles D. Prentiss (Democratic) 42.92% |- ! Ohio 15 X | William Helmick | | Republican | 1858 | | Incumbent lost re-election.Democratic gain. | nowrap | Democratic Party (US) Robert H. Nugen (Democratic) 52.13% Republican Party (US)William Helmick (Republican) 47.87% |- ! Ohio 16 X | Cydnor B. Tompkins | | Republican | 1856 | | Incumbent lost renomination.Republican hold. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) William P. Cutler (Republican) 50.19% Democratic Party (US)Hugh J. Jewett (Democratic) 49.81% |- ! Ohio 17 X | Thomas C. Theaker | | Republican | 1858 | | Incumbent lost re-election.Democratic gain. | nowrap | Democratic Party (US) James R. Morris (Democratic) 51.00% Republican Party (US)Thomas C. Theaker (Republican) 45.17% Constitutional Union Party (US)M. J. Glover (Constitutional Union) 3.83% |- ! Ohio 18 X | Sidney Edgerton | | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) Sidney Edgerton (Republican) 58.29% Democratic Party (US)David A. Starkweather (Democratic) 41.71% |- ! Ohio 19 X | Edward Wade | | Republican | 1852 | | Incumbent retired.Republican hold. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) Albert G. Riddle (Republican) 69.06% Democratic Party (US)Andrew J. Williams (Democratic) 30.94% |- ! Ohio 20 X | John Hutchins | | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) John Hutchins (Republican) 71.97% Democratic Party (US)David M. Wilson (Democratic) 28.03% |- ! Ohio 21 X | John A. Bingham | | Republican | 1854 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) John A. Bingham (Republican) 61.17% Democratic Party (US)George Wells (Democratic) 33.71% UnknownJ. S. Blakely (Unknown) 5.12% |} Oregon List of United States representatives from Oregon 1860 United States Senate special election in Oregon Oregon held two elections in 1860 due to confusion about the legal date of the election. George K. Shiel won the election held on June 4, 1860, while Andrew J. Thayer won the election held on November 6. Thayer was seated March 4, 1861, but Shiel contested the election; on July 30, 1861, the United States House Committee on Elections seated the Shiel for the remainder of the term ending March 3, 1863.Dubin 1998 191n16 Dubin 1998 188; 191 |- ! rowspan=2 | Oregon AL X | rowspan=2 | Lansing Stout | rowspan=2 | Democratic | rowspan=2 | 1858 | | Incumbent lost renomination.Democratic hold. | nowrap | Democratic Party (US) George Shiel (Democratic) 50.29% Republican Party (US)David Logan (Republican) 49.71% |- | | Incumbent lost renomination.Democratic hold.Winner later unseated. | nowrap | Democratic Party (US) Andrew J. Thayer (Democratic) 96.44% Democratic Party (US)George Shiel (Democratic) 3.08% UnknownJohn S. Smith (Unknown) 0.47% |} Pennsylvania List of United States representatives from Pennsylvania 1860 Pennsylvania's 8th congressional district special election 1861 Pennsylvania's 2nd congressional district special election 1861 Pennsylvania's 12th congressional district special election 1861 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania 1861 United States Senate special election in Pennsylvania Pennsylvania held elections on October 9, 1860. Dubin 1998 188–189The Pennsylvania affiliate of the Republican Party was called the People's Party at the time of these elections.Bradley 1964 93 |- ! Pennsylvania 1 X | Thomas B. Florence | | Democratic | 1848 | | Incumbent retired.Democratic hold. | nowrap | Democratic Party (US) William E. Lehman (Democratic) 44.98% Republican Party (US)John M. Butler (People's) 44.28% Constitutional Union Party (US)Edward King (Constitutional Union) 10.74% |- ! Pennsylvania 2 X | Edward J. Morris | | People's | 1856 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) Edward J. Morris (People's) 46.61% Democratic Party (US)John Broadhead (Democratic) 40.29% Constitutional Union Party (US)Henry M. Fuller (Constitutional Union) 13.11% |- ! Pennsylvania 3 X | John P. Verree | | People's | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) John P. Verree (People's) 49.07% Democratic Party (US)John Kline (Democratic) 48.95% Constitutional Union Party (US)Henry M. Hamilton (Constitutional Union) 1.97% |- ! Pennsylvania 4 X | William Millward | | People's | 1858 | | Incumbent retired.People's hold. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) William D. Kelley (People's) 49.27% Democratic Party (US)William Morgan (Democratic) 43.42% Constitutional Union Party (US)John B. Robinson (Constitutional Union) 7.3% |- ! Pennsylvania 5 X | John Wood | | People's | 1858 | | Incumbent retired.People's hold. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) William M. Davis (People's) 47.90% Democratic Party (US)Harry Ingersoll (Democratic) 46.48% Constitutional Union Party (US)James Rittenhouse (Constitutional Union) 5.62% |- ! Pennsylvania 6 X | John Hickman | | Anti-LecomptonDemocratic | 1856 | | Incumbent re-elected as a Populist.People's gain | nowrap | Republican Party (US) John Hickman (People's) 55.97% Democratic Party (US)John H. Brinton (Democratic) 42.51% Anti-Lecompton DemocratFrazier Smith (Anti-Lecompton Democratic) 1.52% |- ! Pennsylvania 7 X | Henry Clay Longnecker | | People's | 1858 | | Democratic gain | nowrap | Democratic Party (US) Thomas Buchecker Cooper (Democratic) 50.33% Republican Party (US)Henry Clay Longnecker (People's) 49.67% |- ! Pennsylvania 8 X | Jacob K. McKenty | | Democratic | 1860 | | Incumbent retired.Democratic hold. | nowrap | Democratic Party (US) Sydenham E. Ancona (Democratic) 58.42% Republican Party (US)Levi B. Smith (People's) 41.58% |- ! Pennsylvania 9 X | Thaddeus Stevens | | People's | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) Thaddeus Stevens (People's) 96.5% Scattering 3.5% |- ! Pennsylvania 10 X | John W. Killinger | | People's | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) John W. Killinger (People's) 62.04% Democratic Party (US)James Worrell (Democratic) 37.96% |- ! Pennsylvania 11 X | James H. Campbell | | People's | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) James H. Campbell (People's) 50.90% Democratic Party (US)John Hughes (Democratic) 49.10% |- ! Pennsylvania 12 X | George W. Scranton | | People's | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) George W. Scranton (People's) 51.53% Democratic Party (US)David R. Randall (Democratic) 48.47% |- ! Pennsylvania 13 X | William H. Dimmick | | Democratic | 1856 | | Incumbent retired.Democratic hold. | nowrap | Democratic Party (US) Philip Johnson (Democratic) 57.30% Republican Party (US)David K. Shoemaker (People's) 42.70% |- ! Pennsylvania 14 X | Galusha A. Grow | | People's | 1850 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) Galusha A. Grow (People's) 71.38% Democratic Party (US)Daniel L. Serwood (Democratic) 28.62% |- ! Pennsylvania 15 X | James Tracy Hale | | People's | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) James Tracy Hale (People's) 53.76% Democratic Party (US)Robert Fleming (Democratic) 46.24% |- ! Pennsylvania 16 X | Benjamin F. Junkin | | People's | 1858 | | Incumbent lost re-election.Democratic gain. | nowrap | Democratic Party (US) Joseph Bailey (Democratic) 50.75% Republican Party (US)Benjamin F. Junkin (People's) 49.25% |- ! Pennsylvania 17 X | Edward McPherson | | People's | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) Edward McPherson (People's) 51.23% Democratic Party (US)William P Schell (Democratic) 48.77% |- ! Pennsylvania 18 X | Samuel S. Blair | | People's | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) Samuel S. Blair (People's) 57.64% Democratic Party (US)Archibald McAllister (Democratic) 42.36% |- ! Pennsylvania 19 X | John Covode | | People's | 1854 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) John Covode (People's) 54.66% Democratic Party (US)Darwin Phelps (Democratic) 45.34% |- ! Pennsylvania 20 X | William Montgomery | | Democratic | 1856 | | Incumbent retired.Democratic hold. | nowrap | Democratic Party (US) Jesse Lazear (Democratic) 52.90% Republican Party (US)Andrew Stewart (People's) 47.10% |- ! Pennsylvania 21 X | James K. Moorhead | | People's | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) James K. Moorhead (People's) 61.31% Democratic Party (US)James Kerr (Democratic) 38.69% |- ! Pennsylvania 22 X | Robert McKnight | | People's | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) Robert McKnight (People's) 66.26% Independent Democratic Party (US)Lewis Z. Mitchell (Independent Democrat) 23.12% Democratic Party (US)George Case (Democratic) 10.62% |- ! Pennsylvania 23 X | William Stewart | | People's | 1856 | | Incumbent retired.People's hold. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) John W. Wallace (People's) 55.58% Democratic Party (US)Samuel Holstein (Democratic) 44.42% |- ! Pennsylvania 24 X | Chapin Hall | | People's | 1858 | | Incumbent retired.People's hold. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) John Patton (People's) 53.58% Democratic Party (US)James K. Kerr (Democratic) 46.42% |- ! Pennsylvania 25 X | Elijah Babbitt | | People's | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) Elijah Babbitt (People's) 65.85% Democratic Party (US)Edwin C. Wilson (Democratic) 34.15% |} Rhode Island List of United States representatives from Rhode Island Rhode Island held elections on April 3, 1861, after the new term began but before Congress convened. Dubin 1998 189 McLoughlin 1986 145–46 |- ! RI 1 X | Christopher Robinson | | Republican | 1859 | | Incumbent lost re-election.Constitutional Union gain. | nowrap | Constitutional Union Party (US) William P. Sheffield (Constitutional Union) 51.25% Republican Party (US)Christopher Robinson (Republican) 48.75% |- ! RI 2 X | William D. Brayton | | Republican | 1859 | | Incumbent lost re-election.Constitutional Union gain. | nowrap | Constitutional Union Party (US) George H. Browne (Constitutional Union) 53.52% Republican Party (US)William D. Brayton (Republican) 46.48% |} South Carolina List of United States representatives from South Carolina South Carolina held elections on October 8 and 9, 1860, but seceded on December 20, before the winners could take their seats. Dubin 1998 189 |- ! South Carolina 1 X | John McQueen | | Democratic | 1844 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Democratic Party (US) John McQueen (Democratic) 96.94% UnknownCharles W. Miller (Unknown) 3.06% |- ! South Carolina 2 X | William P. Miles | | Democratic | 1856 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Democratic Party (US) William P. Miles (Democratic) 100.00% |- ! South Carolina 3 X | Laurence M. Keitt | | Democratic | 1853 | |Incumbent retired.Democratic hold. | nowrap | Democratic Party (US) Lewis Malone Ayer Jr. (Democratic) 73.77% UnknownGeorge P. Elliot (Unknown) 26.23% |- ! South Carolina 4 X | Milledge L. Bonham | | Democratic | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Democratic Party (US) Milledge L. Bonham (Democratic) 100.00% |- ! South Carolina 5 X | John D. Ashmore | | Democratic | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Democratic Party (US) John D. Ashmore (Democratic) ** No data |- ! South Carolina 6 X | William W. Boyce | | Democratic | 1853 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Democratic Party (US) William W. Boyce (Democratic) 100.00% |} Tennessee List of United States representatives from Tennessee Tennessee seceded on June 8, 1861, and held elections for the Confederate States Congress on August 1. In four districts including parts of unionist East Tennessee, the Unionist candidates pledged to serve in the United States Congress if elected. (The Confederacy seated the losing secessionist candidates from these districts.) In the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd districts, some voters marked their ballots "for U.S. Congress only;" these votes are counted separately below. Ultimately, three Tennessee Unionists were seated by the House; a fourth, Thomas A. R. Nelson, was elected but was captured by the Confederacy en route to Washington to take his seat.Dubin 1998 192n27–32 Dubin 1998 190 |- ! rowspan=2 | Tennessee 1 X | rowspan=2 | Thomas A. R. Nelson | rowspan=2 | Opposition | rowspan=2 | 1859 | rowspan=2 | Incumbent re-elected as a Unionist.Winner captured by Confederate forces.Opposition loss. | nowrap | Unionist politician (American Civil War) Thomas A. R. Nelson (Union) 53.86% Southern Rights PartyJoseph B. Heiskell (Confederacy) 39.84%cs Elected to the Confederate States Congress. Southern Rights PartyCaldwell (Confederacy) 4.98% Unionist politician (American Civil War)William McFarland (Union) 1.32% |- | nowrap | For U.S. Congress only Unionist politician (American Civil War) Thomas A. R. Nelson (Union) 90.66% Unionist politician (American Civil War)William McFarland (Union) 6.67% Unionist politician (American Civil War)Frederick Heiskell (Union) 2.67% |- ! rowspan=2 | Tennessee 2 X | rowspan=2 | Horace Maynard | rowspan=2 | Opposition | rowspan=2 | 1857 | rowspan=2 | Incumbent re-elected as a Unionist.Union gain. | nowrap | Unionist politician (American Civil War) Horace Maynard (Union) 59.23% Southern Rights PartyJames T. Shields (Confederacy) 40.77%cs |- | nowrap | For U.S. Congress only Unionist politician (American Civil War) Horace Maynard (Union) ** No data |- ! rowspan=2 | Tennessee 3 X | rowspan=2 | Reese B. Brabson | rowspan=2 | Opposition | rowspan=2 | 1859 | rowspan=2 | Incumbent retired.Union gain. | nowrap | Unionist politician (American Civil War) George W. Bridges (Union) 52.75% Southern Rights PartyA. B. Welcker (Confederacy) 46.80%cs UnknownSamuel A. Smith (Unknown) 0.45% |- | nowrap | For U.S. Congress only Unionist politician (American Civil War) George W. Bridges (Union) 100% |- ! Tennessee 4 X | William B. Stokes | | Democratic | 1859 | | Incumbent retired.Union gain. | nowrap | Unionist politician (American Civil War) A. J. Clements (Union) 100.00% |- ! Tennessee 5 X | Robert H. Hatton | | Opposition | 1859 | | No election.Opposition loss. | None. |- ! Tennessee 6 X | James H. Thomas | | Opposition | 1859 | | No election.Opposition loss. | None. |- ! Tennessee 7 X | John V. Wright | | Democratic | 1855 | | No election.Democratic loss. | None. |- ! Tennessee 8 X | James M. Quarles | | Opposition | 1859 | | No election.Opposition loss. | None. |- ! Tennessee 9 X | Emerson Etheridge | | Opposition | 18531857 (lost)1859 | | No election.Opposition loss. | None. |- ! Tennessee 10 X | William T. Avery | | Democratic | 1857 | | No election.Democratic loss. | None. |} Texas List of United States representatives from Texas Texas seceded on February 1, 1861, and did not hold elections for the 37th Congress. |- ! Texas 1 X | John H. Reagan | | Democratic | 1859 | | No election.Democratic loss. | None. |- ! Texas 2 X | Andrew J. Hamilton | | IndependentDemocrat | 1859 | | No election.Independent Democratic loss. | None. |} Utah Territory See non-voting delegates, below. Vermont List of United States representatives from Vermont 1861 United States Senate election in Vermont Vermont held elections on September 4, 1860. Dubin 1998 189 Vermont 2026 |- ! Vermont 1 X | E. P. Walton | | Republican | 1856 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) E. P. Walton (Republican) 73.40% Democratic Party (US)Silas Wilcox (Democratic) 24.23% Southern Democratic (US)U. M. Robinson (Breckinridge Democratic) 2.11% Scattering 0.26% |- ! Vermont 2 X | Justin S. Morrill | | Republican | 1854 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) Justin S. Morrill (Republican) 74.63% Democratic Party (US)Charles N. Davenport (Democratic) 19.52% Southern Democratic (US)Asa M. Dickey (Breckinridge Democratic) 5.54% Scattering 0.30% |- ! Vermont 3 X | Homer E. Royce | | Republican | 1856 | | Incumbent retired.Republican hold. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) Portus Baxter (Republican) 71.57% Democratic Party (US)Arzo D. Chaffee (Democratic) 22.25% Southern Democratic (US)Willis Lyman (Breckinridge Democratic) 4.92% UnknownCarlos BaxterThe Vermont Watchman suggested that these votes were intended for Portus Baxter, but were erroneously given to his brother, Carlos.November 2, 1860 Members of Congress for Vermont Vermont Watchman https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-vermont-watchman/169077155/ Newspapers.com (Unknown) 1.12% Scattering 0.14% |} Virginia List of United States representatives from Virginia 1861 Virginia's 11th congressional district special election 1861 United States Senate special elections in Virginia The Restored Government of Virginia held elections in five districts on May 23 and October 24, 1861. Two elections were held in Virginia's 7th congressional district, resulting in two winners; Charles H. Upton won the May 23 election and was initially seated, but was unseated on February 27, 1862. The winners of the October 24 elections in the 1st and 7th districts were not seated, leaving the Unionists from the 10th, 11th, and 12th districts as the only Virginia representatives in the 37th Congress.Dubin 1998 192n33–38 Dubin 1998 190 |- ! VA 1 X | Muscoe Garnett | | 1856 (special) | | Incumbent retired.Winner not seated.Dubin 1998 192n37Democratic loss. | nowrap | Unionist politician (American Civil War) Joseph Segar (Union) 100.00% |- ! VA 2 X | John S. Millson | | 1853 | | No election.Democratic loss. | None. |- ! VA 3 X | Daniel Coleman DeJarnette | | IndependentDemocratic | 1853 | | No election.Independent Democratic loss. | None. |- ! VA 4 X | Roger Pryor | | 1859 (special) | | No election.Democratic loss. | None. |- ! VA 5 X | Thomas S. Bocock | | 1853 | | No election.Democratic loss. | None. |- ! VA 6 X | Shelton F. Leake | | IndependentDemocratic | 1859 | | No election.Independent Democratic loss. | None. |- ! rowspan=2 | VA 7 X | rowspan=2 | William Smith | rowspan=2 | rowspan=2 | 1841 (special)1843 (lost)1857 | | Incumbent retired.Union gain.Winner later unseated.Dubin 1998 192n34 | nowrap | First election (May 23, 1861) Unionist politician (American Civil War) Charles H. Upton (Union) 100.00% |- | | Incumbent retired.Winner not seated.Dubin 1998 192n38Democratic loss. | nowrap | Second election (October 24, 1861) Unionist politician (American Civil War) S. Ferguson Beach (Union) 92.62% UnknownCharles B. Shirley (Unknown) 7.38% |- ! VA 8 X | Alexander Boteler | | Opposition | 1859 | | No election.Opposition loss. | None. |- ! VA 9 X | John T. Harris | | IndependentDemocratic | 1859 | | No election.Independent Democratic loss. | None. |- ! VA 10 X | Sherrard Clemens | | 1857 | | Incumbent retired.Union gain. | nowrap | Unionist politician (American Civil War) William G. Brown Sr. (Union) 99.69% UnknownZedekiah Kidwell (Unknown) 0.31% |- ! VA 11 X | Albert G. Jenkins | | 1857 | | Incumbent retired.Union gain. | nowrap | Unionist politician (American Civil War) John S. Carlile (Union) 99.28% UnknownAlbert G. Jenkins (Unknown) 0.72% |- ! VA 12 X | Henry A. Edmundson | | 1849 | | Incumbent retired.Union gain. | nowrap | Unionist politician (American Civil War) Kellian Whaley (Union) ** No data |- ! VA 13 X | Elbert S. Martin | | IndependentDemocratic | 1859 | | No election.Independent Democratic loss. | None. |} Washington Territory See non-voting delegates, below. Wisconsin List of United States representatives from Wisconsin 1861 United States Senate election in Wisconsin Wisconsin held elections on November 6, 1860. Dubin 1998 189 |- ! Wisconsin 1 X | John F. Potter | | 1856 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) John F. Potter (Republican) 54.53% Democratic Party (US)Jonathan E. Arnold (Democratic) 45.47% |- ! Wisconsin 2 X | Cadwallader C. Washburn | | 1854 | | Incumbent retired.Republican hold. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) Luther Hanchett (Republican) 61.17% Democratic Party (US)James D. Reymert (Democratic) 38.83% |- ! Wisconsin 3 X | Charles H. Larrabee | | 1858 | | Incumbent lost re-election.Republican gain. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) A. Scott Sloan (Republican) 53.98% Democratic Party (US)Charles H. Larrabee (Democratic) 46.02% |} Non-voting delegates Non-voting members of the United States House of Representatives Yes |- ! Colorado Territory AL X | colspan=3 | None (new seat) | | New seat.Republican gain. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) Hiram P. Bennet (Republican) 69.86% OthersB. D. Williams (People's) 30.14%Isern 1977 60 |- ! Dakota Territory AL X | colspan=3 | None (new seat) | | New seat.Independent gain. | nowrap | Independent politician J. B. S. Todd (Independent) 67.86% OthersC. P. Booge (People's) 18.80% National Union Party (US)A. J. Bell (Union) 13.33%Lamar 1956 74 Kingsbury 1915 187 |- ! Nebraska Territory AL X | Samuel Gordon Daily | | 1859Daily lost the 1859 election for this seat to Experience Estabrook, but successfully contested Estabrook's election and was seated on May 18, 1860. | | Incumbent lost re-election.Democratic gain.Winner later unseated.United States House of Representatives 1861 161 | nowrap | Democratic Party (US) Julius S. Morton (Democratic) 50.12% Republican Party (US)Samuel G. Daily (Republican) 49.88%Sheldon 1918 438 |- ! Nevada Territory AL Nevada Territory | colspan=3 | None (new seat) | | New seat.Independent Union gain. | nowrap | Independent Republican (US) John Cradlebaugh (Independent UnionNevada Territory Politics https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn84026881/1861-08-29/ed-1/?sp=2 Nevada Democrat August 29, 1861 Judge Cradlebaugh, independent; From Nevada Territory Appeal-Democrat September 3, 1861 There were three Union candidates in the field, viz: Charles E. Olney, Judge C. H. Bryan, and Judge John Cradlebaugh. Election in Nevada Territory Los Angeles Daily News September 6, 1861 John Cradlebaugh, Independent Union, From Nevada Territory https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn84031490/1861-09-25/ed-1/?sp=2 Chicago Daily Tribune September 25, 1861 The election is passed, and the Union men have gained a victory—Judge John Cradlebaugh, long a resident of the Territory, and an undoubted Union man, being the successful one.) 34.13% National Union Party (US)Charles E. Olney (UnionFrom Nevada Territory https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn84026881/1861-08-27/ed-1/?sp=2 Nevada Democrat August 27, 1861 Mr. Chas. B. Olney, a Union Democrat, Nevada Territory Politics https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn84026881/1861-08-29/ed-1/?sp=2 Nevada Democrat August 29, 1861 Chas. H. Bryan and Chas. E. Olney, Union men. Nevada Territory https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn84038814/1861-08-31/ed-1/?sp=2 Daily National Democrat August 31, 1861 a Republican named Olney From Nevada Territory Appeal-Democrat September 3, 1861 There were three Union candidates in the field, viz: Charles E. Olney, Judge C. H. Bryan, and Judge John Cradlebaugh. Election in Nevada Territory Los Angeles Daily News September 6, 1861 C. E. Olney, regular Union,) 30.11% Southern Democratic (US)William F. Anderson (Breckinridge DemocraticNevada Delegate https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn84038814/1861-08-22/ed-1/?sp=2 Daily National Democrat August 22, 1861 The Dixie Democracy met here today and nominated W. F. Anderson of Virginia City for Congress. Resolutions were adopted reaffirming support of the Breckinridge Baltimore platform;) 18.62% Independent Republican (US)Charles H. Bryan (Independent UnionNevada Territory Politics https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn84026881/1861-08-29/ed-1/?sp=2 Nevada Democrat August 29, 1861 Chas. H. Bryan and Chas. E. Olney, Union men. Nevada Territory https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn84038814/1861-08-31/ed-1/?sp=2 Daily National Democrat August 31, 1861 The great body of the Union men will probably vote for the Hon. Charles H. Bryan From Nevada Territory Appeal-Democrat September 3, 1861 There were three Union candidates in the field, viz: Charles E. Olney, Judge C. H. Bryan, and Judge John Cradlebaugh. Election in Nevada Territory Los Angeles Daily News September 6, 1861 C. H. Bryan, Independent, From Nevada Territory https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn84031490/1861-09-25/ed-1/?sp=2 Chicago Daily Tribune September 25, 1861 C. H. Bryan, independent Union,) 17.03% Scattering 0.11%Knight 1862 186 |- ! New Mexico Territory AL X | Miguel A. Otero | | Democratic | 1859 | | Incumbent retired.Independent gain.Watts, a Republican, was nominated by a nonpartisan convention that called itself the Independent Party.Gonzales 2016 371–72 | nowrap | Independent politician John S. Watts (Independent) 66.16% UnknownDiego Archuleta (UnknownArchuleta was nominated by a convention of unknown party affiliation. He had supported the Mexican Democratic Party during the early 1850s before switching his allegiance to the National (American) Democratic Party later in the decade.Gonzales 2016 373–74) 33.84%Gonzales 2016 376 |- ! Utah Territory AL Utah Territory | William Henry Hooper | | 1859 | | Incumbent retired.Independent gain. | nowrap | Independent John M. Bernhisel (Independent) ** No dataWhitney 1893 42Utah https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn84038367/1861-08-27/ed-1/?sp=4 Canton Weekly Register August 27, 1861 |- ! Washington Territory AL X | Isaac Stevens | | Democratic | 1857 | | Incumbent retired.Republican gain. | nowrap | Republican Party (US) William H. Wallace (Republican) 44.17% Democratic Party (US)Selucius Garfielde (Democratic) 35.36% Independent politicianEdward M. Lander (Independent) 20.48%Knight 1862 186Washington Territory https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn84026881/1861-06-04/ed-1/?sp=1 Nevada Democrat June 4, 1861 |} See also 1860 United States elections 1860 United States presidential election 1860–61 United States Senate elections 36th United States Congress 37th United States Congress Notes References 30em Bibliography Primary sources Greeley Horace Tribune Almanac for 1862 1862 none New York https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=umn.31951002271729k&seq=85' Knight William H. Hand-Book Almanac for the Pacific States [...] 1862 none San Francisco https://www.google.com/books/edition/Hand_book_Almanac_for_the_Pacific_States/-3sSAAAAYAAJ United States House of Representatives Evidence and Other Papers Submitted in the Contested Election of Samuel G. Daily versus J. Sterling Morton [...] 1861 none Washington, D. C. https://www.google.com/books/edition/House_Documents/I1xUAAAAcAAJ Secondary sources Astor Aaron Rebels on the Border: Civil War, Emancipation, and the Reconstruction of Kentucky and Missouri 2012 Louisiana State University Press Baton Rouge https://archive.org/details/rebelsonborderci0000asto Bradley Erwin Stanley The Triumph of Militant Republicanism: A Study of Pennsylvania and Presidential Politics, 1860–1872 1964 University of Pennsylvania Press Philadelphia https://archive.org/details/triumphofmilitan0000brad Craig Berry Ullrich Dieter C. Unconditional Unionist: The Hazardous Life of Lucian Anderson, Kentucky Congressman 2016 McFarland and Company Jefferson, NC https://www.google.com/books/edition/Unconditional_Unionist/l0A4DQAAQBAJ Dell Christopher Lincoln and the War Democrats: The Grand Erosion of Conservative Tradition 1975 Farleigh Dickenson University Press Rutherford, NJ https://archive.org/details/lincolnwardemocr0000dell Dubin Michael J. United States Congressional Elections, 1788-1997: The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st Through 105th Congresses 1998 McFarland and Company Jefferson, NC 978-0786402830 https://books.google.com/books?id=9ElyQgAACAAJ Foner Eric Free Soil, Free Labor, Free Men: The Ideology of the Republican Party Before the Civil War 1995 Oxford University Press New York https://archive.org/details/freesoilfreelabo0000unse Freehling William W. The Road to Disunion 2: Secessionists Triumphant, 1854–1861 2007 Oxford University Press New York https://archive.org/details/roadtodisunionvo0000free Gonzales Phillip B. Politica: Nuevomexicanos and American Political Incorporation, 1821–1910 2016 University of Nebraska Press Lincoln https://www.google.com/books/edition/Pol%C3%ADtica/890nDwAAQBAJ Isern Thomas D. Colorado Territory The Western Territories in the Civil War Fischer Leroy H. 1977 none Manhattan, KS https://archive.org/details/westernterritori0000unse/page/56/mode/2up https://archive.org/details/westernterritori0000unse Jenkins Jeffery A. Fighting for the Speakership: The House and the Rise of Party Government 2013 Princeton University Press Princeton, NJ https://archive.org/details/fightingforspeak0000jenk Kingsbury George W. History of Dakota Territory 1 1915 S. J. Clarke Publishing Company Chicago https://www.google.com/books/edition/History_of_Dakota_Territory/Ui9EAQAAMAAJ Lamar Howard Roberts Dakota Territory, 1861–1889: A Study of Frontier Politics 1956 Yale University Press New Haven, CT https://archive.org/details/dakotaterritory10000howa Martis Kenneth C. The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, 1789-1989 1989 Macmillan Publishing Company New York 978-0029201701 https://books.google.com/books?id=q0hyQgAACAAJ McLoughlin William G. Rhode Island: A History 1986 W. W. Norton & Company New York 978-0-393-30271-4 https://books.google.com/books?id=r5Z3UNxHdT0C McPherson James M. Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era 1988 Oxford University New York https://archive.org/details/battlecryoffreed0000unse Munroe John A. History of Delaware 5th 2006 University of Delaware Press Newark https://www.google.com/books/edition/History_of_Delaware/vs7NcOKnlNUC Sheldon Addison E. The Nebraska Blue Book and Historical Register 1918 Nebraska Legislative Reference Bureau Lincoln https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Nebraska_Blue_Book_and_Historical_Re/tQkAGOKtnoIC Smith Adam I. P. No Party Now: Politics in the Civil War North 2006 Oxford University Press New York 978-0-19-518865-3 https://archive.org/details/nopartynowpoliti0000smit Vermont Election Results Archive https://electionarchive.vermont.gov/data/serve_file_pages_for_item/83522/Election/ Vermont Official State Website June 29, 2026 2026 Whitney Orson F. History of Utah 2 1893 none Salt Lake City https://www.google.com/books/edition/History_of_Utah_1861_1877/Gi5IAQAAMAAJ Winters John D. The Civil War in Louisiana 1963 Louisiana State University Press Baton Rouge https://archive.org/details/civilwarinlouisi0000unse Further reading https://books.google.com/books?id=sKERAQAAMAAJ Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U.S. Elections 1994 Congressional Quarterly Inc. 978-0871879967 Moore John L. Third none Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present http://history.house.gov/Institution/Party-Divisions/Party-Divisions/ January 21, 2015 Office of the Historian, House of United States House of Representatives none External links Office of the Historian (Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives) Category:Politics of the American Civil War Category:Presidency of Abraham Lincoln Category:Schuyler Colfax Category:William A. Wheeler