1988 Pakistani general election

none July 2016 July 2026 Pakistan parliamentary 1985 Pakistani general election 1985 16 November 1988 1990 Pakistani general election 1990 217 of the 237 seats in National Assembly 109 47,629,892 42.75% (10.95pp) Benazir bhutto 1989 cropped.jpg Benazir Bhutto Pakistan Peoples Party 94 7,546,561 37.66% Nawaz Sharif detail, 981203-D-9880W-117.jpg 138808 Nawaz Sharif Islami Jamhoori Ittehad 56 5,908,742 29.48% 1988 Pakistani general election - Results by constituency.svg Map of Pakistan showing National Assembly Constituencies and winning parties Prime minister None (presidential rule) Benazir Bhutto Pakistan Peoples Party General elections were held in Pakistan on 16 November 1988 to elect the members of the National Assembly and Senate. The elections saw the resurgence of Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) under the leadership of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto's daughter, Benazir. Supporters of President Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, who had died in August 1988, reorganised themselves into a nine-party alliance, the Islami Jamhoori Ittehad (IJI) with support from the intelligence agencies.Hamid Gul accepts responsibility for creating IJI Dawn, 30 October 2012 This marked the beginning of a decade-long two-party system between the left-wing PPP and right-wing IJI and its successor the Pakistan Muslim League (N). The PPP emerged as the biggest party, winning 94 of the 207 seats in the National Assembly. The IJI came second with 56 seats amidst a voter turnout of just 43%. The PPP was able to form a government with other left-wing parties, including the Muttahida Qaumi Movement (MQM), with Bhutto becoming the first female Prime Minister in a Muslim country. Background Parliamentary elections had been held on 7 March 1977, with the PPP gaining a two-thirds majority. However, amid violence and civil disorder, Chief of Army Staff General Zia-ul-Haq ousted the prime minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto in a military coup on 5 June, code-named Operation Fair Play. Martial law was lifted in 1985 when non-partisan and technocratic elections were held, resulting in Mohammad Junejo, a Sindhi lord, being appointed prime minister. On 29 May 1988, the National Assembly which was elected in 1985 was dissolved prematurely by Zia, who also dismissed Junejo and the rest of his cabinet asserting that the 'administration was corrupt and inefficient'. The new polling date (exceeding the limit of 90 days following dissolution laid down by the Constitution of Pakistan) was set by the president on 20 July 1988. Moreover, it was also announced that the elections would be held on a non-party basis. However, on 2 October, following the accidental death of Zia on 17 August, the Supreme Court reversed the ban on parties and allowed the elections to be held on a party basis. Campaign A total of 1,370 candidates contested the National Assembly elections.Pakistan Elections 2008 | Pakistan Elections 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20151001001635/http://www.elections.com.pk/contents.php?i=7 1 October 2015 . Elections.com.pk. Retrieved on 3 August 2013. The campaign lasted for a month and remained generally peaceful.Pakistan: Elections held in 1988 Inter-Parliamentary Union After Zia's death, the democratic socialists and secular parties re-united and campaigned under the PPP's platform led by Benazir Bhutto; previously Zia had crushed the socialists' Movement for the Restoration of Democracy, which had attempted to overthrow his military regime, and took extremely tough actions to further disintegrate the movement. The PPP campaign pledged to control and tackle the extremism in Pakistan, and as well as curb the power of the trade unions. The conservatives under Sharif on other hand campaigned upon expanding the industrialisation and privatisation program; The liberal Muttahida Qaumi Movement (MQM) did not formally contest the elections, but several of its members ran as independents.http://www.pildat.org/publications/publication/elections/First10GeneralElectionsofPakistan.pdf The first 10 general elections of Pakistan May 2013 pildat.org PILDAT 19, 20 11 Jan 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20170328212535/http://www.pildat.org/publications/publication/elections/First10GeneralElectionsofPakistan.pdf 28 March 2017 dead dmy-allhttp://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/pakistan/mqm.htm Muttahida Quami Movement - MQM Pike John www.globalsecurity.org 2017-01-11https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/73926-mqms-toughest-election MQM's toughest election www.thenews.com.pk 2017-01-11 Results Despite allegations of vote rigging against the PPP, and the use of the ID card rule to keep its less well-organized and relatively less well-off supporters from voting, Bhutto won the election by a margin of over 8%, thus managing to defeat the nine-party alliance of IJI. MQM members running as independents received 5.4% of the vote, winning 13 seats in Karachi and Hyderabad.http://gallup.com.pk/bb_old_site/election/1990ElectionStudies.pdf PAKISTAN AT THE POLLS 1990 gallup.com.pk Gallup 13 Jan 2017http://gallup.com.pk/bb_old_site/election/3GIER1988.pdf Volume 3, PAKISTAN NATIONAL, ELECTION: 1988 30 April 2013 gallup.com.pk Gallup 13 Jan 2017http://www.pildat.org/publications/publication/elections/First10GeneralElectionsofPakistan.pdf The First 10 General Elections of Pakistan May 2013 pildat.org Pildat 13 Jan 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20170328212535/http://www.pildat.org/publications/publication/elections/First10GeneralElectionsofPakistan.pdf 28 March 2017 dead dmy-allhttps://www.dawn.com/news/52859 KARACHI: Parties gear up for general elections 2002-08-17 DAWN.COM 2017-01-13https://www.dawn.com/news/812334 Hyderabad: no one's land when it comes to election 2013-05-07 DAWN.COM 2017-01-13 The results in three Muslim constituencies were declared invalid; in the subsequent by-elections, the IJI won two seats and the PPP one. There were no candidates for the Ahmadi constituency.Dieter Nohlen, Florian Grotz & Christof Hartmann (2001) Elections in Asia: A data handbook, Volume I, p679–686 0-19-924958-X Pakistan Peoples Party 7546561 93 Islami Jamhoori Ittehad 5908742 54 Pakistan Awami Ittehad 857684 3 Awami National Party 409555 2 Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam (F) 360526 7 Punjabi Pakhtun Ittehad 105061 0 Pakistan National Party 104442 0 National Peoples Party (Khar) 97990 1 Pakistan Democratic Party 80473 1 Balochistan National Alliance 71058 2 Pakistan Muslim League (MQ) 55052 0 Pakistan Milli Awai Ittehad 46562 0 Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam (Darkhasti) 44964 1 Tehreek-e-Jafaria (Arif Hussaini) 42216 0 #008000 United Christians Front 15918 1 All Pakistan Christians Movement 15449 0 National Democratic Party 14960 0 Pakistan Mazdoor Kissan Party 6652 0 Jamaat-e-Ahl-e-Hadees Pakistan 5225 0 Pakistan Masihi League 4324 0 Pakistan Christians National Party 3386 0 Tehreek-e-Inqalab-Islam Pakistan 2807 0 Pakistan Muslim League (Qayyum) 2196 0 Hazara Front (Mahaz-e-Hazara) 1814 0 Pakistan Muslim League (Forward Block) 1713 0 Awami National Party (Ainee Group) 1018 0 Pakistan Qaumi Mahaz-e-Azadi 999 0 Pakistan National Democratic Alliance 388 0 Jamaat-e-Ahl-e-Sunnat Pakistan 351 0 National Muslim League (Muhasba Group) 282 0 Wattan Party 184 0 Independents 4232679 48 Seats reserved for women 20 Vacant 4 319826 47629892 0 CLEA Aftermath First Benazir Bhutto Government In light of the election results, acting president Ghulam Ishaq Khan invited the PPP to form a government. The PPP formed the government, making alliances with small parties and independent groups. On 4 December 1988, Bhutto was elected as the first female prime minister of a Muslim country. The new Cabinet, headed by Bhutto was subsequently announced. The MQM was pivotal in the formation of central government, as the PPP had failed to win a majority of seats. However, the MQM left the coalition in October 1989 when differences developed after dozens were killed at an MQM congregation by Sindhi nationalists, and the alliance fell apart in the wake of ensuing violence. The MQM lent its support to Nawaz Sharif's Islami Jamhoori Ittehad instead.https://www.dawn.com/news/1027569 Timeline: A history of MQM 2013-05-25 DAWN.COM 2017-01-13 References Category:General elections in Pakistan Pakistan General General