2001 Bangladeshi general election

none March 2017 Bangladesh parliamentary June 1996 Bangladeshi general election Jun 1996 2008 Bangladeshi general election 2008 1 October 2001 List of members of the 7th Jatiya Sangsad List of members of the 8th Jatiya Sangsad 300 of the 345 seats in the Jatiya Sangsad 151 74,946,364 74.97% ( 0.63pp) Khaleda Zia at the Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi's Office 2005 (1) (cropped).jpg Khaleda Zia Bangladesh Nationalist Party Four Party 33.61%, 116 seats 193 77 23,074,714 40.97% 7.36pp Sheikh Hasina with E. Ahmed, New Delhi on June 23, 2006 (cropped).jpg Sheikh Hasina Awami League 37.44%, 146 seats 62 84 22,310,276 40.13% 2.69pp Hussain Muhammad Ershad in 1997 (cropped).jpg H.M. Ershad Jatiya Party (Ershad) Islami Jatiya Oikya Front 16.40%, 32 seats 14 18 4,038,453 7.25% 9.15pp Motiur Rahman Nizami Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami Four Party 8.61%, 3 seats 17 14 2,385,361 4.28% 4.32pp Bangladesh parliamentary election 2001 map.svg Results by constituency Chief Adviser Prime Minister after election Latifur Rahman Independent (caretaker) Khaleda Zia Bangladesh Nationalist Party General elections were held in Bangladesh on 1 October 2001. The 300 seats of the Jatiya Sangsad were contested by 1,935 candidates representing 54 parties and 484 independents. The elections were the second to be held under the caretaker government concept, introduced in 1996. The result was a victory for the Four Party Alliance of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP), Jamaat-e-Islami Bangladesh, Jatiya Party (Manju), and Islami Oikya Jote. BNP leader Khaleda Zia became prime minister. The election was a loss for the Awami League (AL).Schaffer Howard B. 2002 South Asia Faces the Future: Back and Forth in Bangladesh https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.2002.0016 Journal of Democracy 13 1 76–83 10.1353/jod.2002.0016 1086-3214 subscription The main issues of the election revolved around the performance of the incumbent Sheikh Hasina/AL government. The AL argued that it had overseen a strong economic performance, while political opponents highlighted organized crime, corruption, and violence, and accused the AL of acting subordinate to the Indian government. Background The Seventh Parliament, headed by Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina, was dissolved on 13 July 2001,http://www.parliament.gov.bd/index.php/en/about-parliament/tenure-of-parliament Tenure of All Parliaments 12 August 2018 Bangladesh Parliament 27 December 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20180812074443/http://www.parliament.gov.bd/index.php/en/about-parliament/tenure-of-parliament 12 August 2018 having completed its designated 5-year term (the first parliamentary administration to ever do so),http://archive.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/arc/2023_01.htm IPU PARLINE database: BANGLADESH (Jatiya Sangsad), Elections in 2001 Inter-Parliamentary Union 27 December 2018 and power was transferred to the caretaker government headed by Justice Latifur Rahman. Shortly after being sworn in as Chief Advisor, Latifur Rahman initiated a major administrative reshuffle, removing 13 secretaries, including the Principal Secretary to the Prime Minister's Office. The move generated significant public and political discussion at the time. The BNP demanded a crackdown on illegal arms and the arrest of criminals prior to the general election. During a meeting with journalists, BNP Chairperson Khaleda Zia expressed confidence in winning a two-thirds majority, or at the very least, a clear majority. The caretaker government soon launched a nationwide special operation, dividing the country into 68 sectors to carry out the campaign. Meanwhile, Awami League President Sheikh Hasina raised concerns about the neutrality of the caretaker government during the election campaign, accusing it of acting in alignment with BNP directives.2023-11-16 bn:নির্বাচন : ১৯৯১ থেকে ২০০৮ পর্যন্ত খালেদা জিয়া ও শেখ হাসিনার মধ্যে যেভাবে ক্ষমতার পালাবদল হয়েছিল https://www.bbc.com/bengali/articles/clkjw8k1773o 2025-07-02 BBC News বাংলা bn Electoral system The 300 members of the Jatiya Sangsad were elected by first-past-the-post voting in single-member constituencies.Electoral system IPU The law providing for 30 seats reserved for women had expired prior to the elections.https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/parliament/165811/are-reserved-seats-in-the-parliament-sufficient Are reserved seats in the parliament sufficient for women's empowerment? Dhaka Tribune 12 January 2019 16 November 2024 Conduct The internationalhttps://www.ecoi.net/en/file/local/1412745/625_tmpphpGBRYSw.pdf Bangladesh parliamentary Elections 1 October 2001: Final Report EU Election Observation Mission 2018-12-27 and national monitors declared the polling free and fair despite the Awami League alleging massive vote rigging by the BNP.2002 Election Watch https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/1/article/17176 Journal of Democracy 13 1 180–183 10.1353/jod.2002.0006 subscription The accusation was denied by the Chief Election Commissioner, who declared the charges "baseless".http://edition.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/asiapcf/south/10/05/bangla.victory/index.html Zia wins power in Bangladesh 5 October 2001 CNN 2018-12-27 International observers from the European Union, the United Nations, and the Carter Centerhttps://www.cartercenter.org/news/documents/doc92.html Postelection Statement by Former U.S. President Jimmy Carter on Bangladesh Elections, Oct. 5, 2001 Carter Center 2018-12-27 of former US President Jimmy Carter, also praised the heavy voter turnout, which was 75%. Results The BNP was the clear winner in terms of seats, winning a secure majority with 193 of the 300 seats. BNP's allied parties Jamaat-e-Islami Bangladesh, Jatiya Party (Manju), and Islami Oikya Jote also won a combined 23 seats, bringing the alliance total to 216 seats. As a result of the first-past-the-post voting system in Bangladesh, Awami League only secured 62 seats, despite a difference in popular vote share of only ≈1.4%. Voter turnout was very high at 75%. Of the 300 seats, only seven were won by women.Kumar Panday Pranab 1 September 2008 Representation without Participation: Quotas for Women in Bangladesh International Political Science Review 29 4 489–512 10.1177/0192512108095724 220874021 The results were highly disproportionate, with the BNP winning 131 more seats than the Awami League despite their popular vote total differing by less than one percentage point. Bangladesh Nationalist Party 22833978 193 Awami League 22365516 62 Islami Jatiya Oikya Front 4038453 14 Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami 2385361 17 Bangladesh Jatiya Party 621772 4 Islami Oikya Jote 376343 2 Krishak Sramik Janata League 261344 1 Jatiya Party (Manju) 243617 1 Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal 119382 0 Communist Party of Bangladesh 56991 0 Workers Party of Bangladesh 40484 0 Bangladesh Islami Front 30761 0 BASAD–Khalekuzzaman 21164 0 Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam Bangladesh 19256 0 Bangladesh Khilafat Andolan 13472 0 Gano Forum 8494 0 Islami Shasantantra Andolon 5944 0 Liberal Party Bangladesh 3976 0 National Awami Party (NAP) 3801 0 Bangladesh Progressive Party 3734 0 Ganatantri Party 3190 0 Bangladesh Samajtantrik Dal 2308 0 Bangladesh Janata Party 1703 0 Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Mukti Andolon 1248 0 Zaker Party 1181 0 Bangladesh Peoples Congress 1155 0 Communist Kendra 1042 0 Communist Party of Bangladesh (Marxist–Leninist) 972 0 Bangladesh Hindu League 922 0 Gano Azadi League 780 0 Jatiyo Janata Party (Adv. Nurul Islam Khan) 657 0 Bangladesh Muslim League (Jamir Ali) 582 0 National Patriotic Party 551 0 National Awami Party (Bhashani) 442 0 Bangladesh Jatiya Tanti Dal 441 0 Samridha Bangladesh Andolon 429 0 Sramik Krishak Samajbadi Dal 391 0 Bangladesh Peoples Party 382 0 Desh Prem Party 366 0 Democratic Republican Party 364 0 Bangladesh Manabadhikar Dal 237 0 Bangladesh Krisak Sramik Janata Party 197 0 Liberal Democrats Party 170 0 Quran Darshan Sangstha Bangladesh 161 0 Jatiya Janata Party (Sheik Asad) 148 0 Pragatishil Ganotantrik Shakti 136 0 Sama-Samaj Ganotantri Party 131 0 National Awami Party (NAP-Bhashani Mushtaq) 79 0 Quran and Sunnah Bastabayan Party 77 0 Bhashani Front 76 0 Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League 59 0 Bangladesh Bhashani Adarsha Bastabayan Parishad 58 0 Bangladesh Sarbahara Party 44 0 Jatiya Janata Party (Hafizur) 30 0 Independents 2262073 6 449082 0 74946364 ECB File:Jatiya Sangsad 2001.svg Aftermath There were reports of violence targeting minority Hindus in the immediate wake of the elections.https://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/2001-violence-on-hinduscaretakers-bnp-jamaat-blamed 2001 violence on Hindus: Caretakers, BNP, Jamaat blamed bdnews24 24 April 2011 With a clear majority, BNP leader Khaleda Zia was invited to form a government and, on 10 October 2001, was sworn in as prime minister and formed her Cabinet, which included members of her allied parties. The first sitting of the Eighth Parliament occurred on 28 October 2001 with Jamiruddin Sircar as its new speaker. Awami League President Sheikh Hasina initially remained firm in her decision not to join the newly elected parliament. She rejected the election results, alleging large-scale rigging, and announced a half-day nationwide blockade along with other protest programmes. Quoting her, The Daily Sangbad reported her saying that the Four-Party Alliance had secured a two-thirds majority, making the AL's presence in parliament inconsequential, and that the party would continue its struggle to protect people's right to vote. The Awami League strongly criticized outgoing Chief Advisor Latifur Rahman, although in his farewell address, he maintained that his caretaker government had acted impartially. While Awami League MPs eventually took their oaths, the party did not immediately decide on joining parliamentary sessions. Hasina alleged that Awami League leaders, activists, and minorities across the country were being targeted with violence, killings, and looting by ruling party supporters. Amidst continuing political tensions, the Awami League ultimately decided to join parliament. In 2004, a constitutional amendment was passed reinstating the reserved seats for women and increasing the number from 30 to 45. The seats were now allocated based on the proportion of seats won by each party rather than being elected by directly elected MPs. The reserved seats were to be allocated on 6 September 2005, but the Awami League refused to nominate candidates for the nine seats the party was entitled to in protest at the seats not being directly elected. On 2 October, the nine vacant seats were reallocated, of which six went to the BNP. After the reallocation, the BNP had 36 reserved seats, Islami Jatiya Oikya Front four, Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami three, and the Bangladesh Jatiya Party and Islami Oikya Jote one each.Ahmed Nizam Hasan Sadik 2018 Alangkar or Ahangkar? Reserved-Seat Women Members in the Bangladesh Parliament Ahmed Nizam Women in Governing Institutions in South Asia https://www.springer.com/cda/content/document/cda_downloaddocument/9783319574745-c2.pdf?SGWID=0-0-45-1615881-p180810316 Springer 18 978-3-319-57474-5 10.1007/978-3-319-57475-2_2 2 January 2019 27 October 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20201027105330/https://www.springer.com/cda/content/document/cda_downloaddocument/9783319574745-c2.pdf?SGWID=0-0-45-1615881-p180810316 deadhttp://archive.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/arc/2023_01.htm Elections in 2001 Inter-Parliamentary Union Zia's administration completed a full five-year term, running from 28 October 2001 to 27 October 2006. However, disputes over the selection of a caretaker government, with disagreements between the parties over their neutrality, led to the 2006–08 Bangladeshi political crisis, which eventually resulted in military intervention. New elections were not held until December 2008. References General Category:General elections in Bangladesh Bangladesh General