2013 Saravan earthquake

2013 earthquake in Iran's Sistan va Baluchestan province December 2024 2013 Saravan earthquake 16 April 2013 15:14 IRDT 2013-04-16 10:44:20 usb000g7x7 606824152 Iran#Asia Southwest 7.7 w y VIII 82 km on 28.107 62.053 region:IR_type:landmark inline,title IranPakistan 35 deaths (1 in Iran, 34 in Pakistan)117 injured The 2013 Saravan earthquake occurred with a moment magnitude of 7.7 at 15:14 pm IRDT (UTC+4:30) on 16 April. The shock struck a mountainous area between the cities of Saravan and Khash in Sistan and Balochistan province, Iran, close to the border with Pakistan,https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-22168202 Major earthquake strikes south-east Iran London 2013-04-16 2013-04-17 BBC News https://edition.cnn.com/2013/04/16/world/meast/iran-pakistan-earthquake/index.html?hpt=hp_t1 Reports: Dozens feared dead after strong quake rocks Iran, Pakistan CNN 2001-09-11 2013-04-16http://www.aljazeera.com/news/asia/2013/04/2013416111232927572.html Major quake jolts southeastern Iran — Central & South Asia Al Jazeera English 2011-10-04 2013-04-16http://live.reuters.com/Event/Iran_Earthquake Iran Earthquake Reuters 2009-02-09 2013-04-16 12 September 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20190912001037/http://live.reuters.com/Event/Iran_Earthquake?Page=1 dead with a duration of about 25 seconds. The earthquake occurred at an intermediate depth in the Arabian plate lithosphere, near the boundary between the subducting Arabian plate and the overriding Eurasian plate at a depth of about 80 km.M7.7 – 83 km E of Khash, Iran: Tectonic Summary United States Geological Survey https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/usb000g7x7#summary It was the largest earthquake in Iran within the last 300 years, equal in magnitude to the one that shook East Azerbaijan in 1721, which had killed up to 250,000 people,https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/earthquake/event-more-info/1222 Significant Earthquake Information National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information 1972 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information 10.7289/V5TD9V7K 14 April 2022 and possibly the largest in the last half-century. The earthquake followed a magnitude 6.3 event near Bushehr. The town of Mashkel was close to the quake's epicentre, and around 85 percent of the city's buildings were demolished. http://www.3news.co.nz/Earthquake-flattens-Pakistan-town/tabid/417/articleID/294841/Default.aspx 3 News NZ Earthquake flattens Pakistan town April 19, 2013 April 19, 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20130928060947/http://www.3news.co.nz/Earthquake-flattens-Pakistan-town/tabid/417/articleID/294841/Default.aspx September 28, 2013 dead Thirty-five people were killed in the earthquake. Primary effects The earthquake struck 83 km mi 0 east of the city of Saravan, Iran, and was felt throughout much of eastern Iran and southern Pakistan, and as far away as Riyadh, Manama, Doha, Abu Dhabi, Muscat, and Delhi.MASSIVE EARTHQUAKE HITS IRAN, TREMORS FELT ACROSS OMAN, REGION 2013-04-16 2013-04-18 http://www.muscatdaily.com/Archive/Oman/Massive-earthquake-hits-Iran-tremors-felt-across-Oman-region-26s4 2013-04-20 https://web.archive.org/web/20130420095848/http://www.muscatdaily.com/Archive/Oman/Massive-earthquake-hits-Iran-tremors-felt-across-Oman-region-26s4 deadTremors create panic in EP, Riyadh http://www.arabnews.com/news/448339 2013-04-16 2013-04-18 Initial sources cited that close to 100 people lost their lives in Iran and that Iran had confirmed the deaths of 40,Biharprabha News Major Earthquake strikes India, Pakistan, Iran, Sistan and Baluchestan http://news.biharprabha.com/2013/04/major-earthquake-strikes-india-pakistan-and-iran/ 16 April 2013 but these sources have been disputed; Iran has since officially denied death counts, only reporting injuries, as of 14:00 UTC.Earthquake Report Iran officially denied the 40 deaths today http://earthquake-report.com/2013/04/16/massive-earthquake-iran-pakistan-border-region-on-april-16-2013/ 16 April 2013 2013-04-16 2020-09-06 https://web.archive.org/web/20200906212503/https://earthquake-report.com/2013/04/16/massive-earthquake-iran-pakistan-border-region-on-april-16-2013/ usurped Although the earthquake was much stronger than previous ones in the area, the depth and the terrain/population density above the focus, as well as predominating building construction being relatively light materials such as mud and wood, meant that there were relatively few casualties in Iran, although the number of casualties was higher in the neighbouring state of Pakistan, with at least 34 reported deaths. According to the Iranian Red Crescent, all communications in the area have been cut, and rescue teams have been dispatched.https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/hundreds-feared-killed-after-strong-78-magnitude-quake-hits-iran/article11253618/ Hundreds feared killed after strong 7.8-magnitude quake hits Iran The Globe and Mail 2013-04-16 2013-04-16 Buildings were evacuated as far away as Delhi and on the Arabian Peninsula, and many buildings in Iran were completely destroyed. Tectonics section April 2018 thumb|Arabian plate boundaries with the Eurasian, African and Indian plates The quake reportedly occurred within the subducting Arabian plate below the overriding Eurasian plate. The Strait of Hormuz separates two forms of plate collision. To the northwest, continental crust portions of the Arabian and Eurasian plates are colliding, resulting in compressive faulting. To the southeast, dense oceanic crust of the Arabian plate is subducting underneath the Eurasian plate at the Makran Trench."The transition between Makran subduction and the Zagros collision: recent advances in its structure and Active deformation", V. Regard et al, Geological Society of London 330 (2010) 41-64, DOI : 10.1144/SP330.4 (2010) Iran lies on the fault line between the Arabian plate and the Eurasian plate. The collision of these two plates cause most of the earthquakes that strike Iran. The specific area of the fault that lies below the Sistan and Balochistan province is referred to as the Makran region. In this area the Arabian plate is folding under, or subducting, the Eurasia plate. Earthquake activity There has been an increase in earthquake activity in not only Iran but also neighboring Pakistan. In the entire 20th century Pakistan and Iran experienced a combined total of twenty-six earthquakes. Within the first thirteen years of the 21st century Pakistan and Iran have suffered a combined total of eighteen earthquakes, with the most recent earthquake in Iran occurring on 16 April 2013, and the most recent earthquake in Pakistan occurring on 28 September 2013. These earthquakes can range from microearthquakes, measuring less than a 2.0 on the moment magnitude scale (w), to very large events measuring 7.0–7.9 w. The smallest earthquakes may not be felt, while major earthquakes can be assessed at VIII (Severe) or higher on the Mercalli intensity scale. Subduction Subduction usually occurs at convergent fault lines. The underlying tectonic plate descends, or subducts, into the Earth's mantle. Earthquakes occurring at these faults are very large in magnitude and scale. In this case the disappearing Arabian plate is part of the oceanic crust while the Eurasia plate is part of the continental crust. The Makran region The Makran Region Of Pakistan and Iran is characterized by three mountain ranges. These mountain ranges, the Makran Coastal Range, the Central Makran Range, and the Siahan Range, are located in the southwestern area of the Balochistan province of Pakistan. These ranges are the product of years of collision between the Indian plate and the Eurasia tectonic plate. The Makran Region is also the covering point of three tectonic plates. The Indian plate, Eurasia plate, and the Arabian plate meet and converge in this area. Preparedness and response thumb|USGS ShakeMap for the mainshock Scientific preparedness There is no method to accurately predict an earthquake, however, there are systems which attempt to give early warnings when earthquakes occur. Currently the most all-inclusive system is Japan's Earthquake Early Warning system. This system is monitored by the Japanese Meteorological Agency The JMA sends out the warnings through the television, mobile devices, the internet, and the radio as soon as an earthquake is detected. Other countries have similar systems that are mostly limited to a particular region, for example, the United States' early warning system is in place only for the earthquake disposed west coast. One study conducted in California, United States suggests there may be a new way to more precisely presage earthquakes.Carnegie Institution New Way To Monitor Faults May Help Predict Earthquakes https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/09/090930132654.htm 12 November 2013 Science Daily 1 October 2009 This group of scientists, composed of scientists from the Carnegie Institution for Science, Rice University, and the University of California, Berkeley monitored earthquake waves in the San Andreas Fault using seismometers for twenty years. This group discovered cracks in the fault filled with fluids. The scientists noticed that these fluids shifted after being disrupted by seismic activity. Shifting fluids cause faults to weaken, making them more prone to earthquakes. The Red Crescent The International Federation of the Red Cross and the Red Crescent Societies is a nongovernmental organization founded at the 1919 Paris Peace Conference after World War I. The IFRC has seven fundamental principles.International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies http://www.ifrc.org/en/ International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies 14 November 2013 13 November 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20131113225145/http://www.ifrc.org/en/ dead These principles include ensuring respect for all humans, making no discrimination as to nationality, religious beliefs, or political opinion, and remaining neutral in times of controversy. The IFRC also has a set of goals it aspires to achieve during each disaster recovery. These four goals are: reducing the deaths, injuries, and impact caused by the disaster; decreasing the amount of death and illnesses caused by diseases and public health emergencies; increasing its ability to address the urgent situations; and promote respect for human dignity while reducing intolerance and discrimination. The IFRC has created stock procedure for disaster relief, however the specifics vary based on the type of disaster, the region the disaster affected, and the amount of destruction caused by the disaster. On 9 April 2013, the IFRC deployed seventy-five rescue teams to northwestern Iran following a 6.3 magnitude earthquake.The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies Massive earthquake strikes in south east Iran http://www.ifrc.org/en/news-and-media/news-stories/middle-east-and-north-africa/iran/massive-earthquake-strikes-in-south-east-iran-61251/ 13 November 2013 16 April 2013 The next day over 800 volunteers were in the disaster area helping those affected. A week later a 7.8 magnitude earthquake struck southeastern Iran, the IFRC dispatched air assessment teams in addition to forty ambulances. While the first earthquake was much more destructive, the IFRC was still able to aid both disaster areas. In June 2013, the IFRC and the Red Crescent Society of the Islamic Republic of Iran agreed to band together in an attempt to redouble their efforts to promote better building codes in disaster prone areas, like Iran.The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies Launch of the IFRC and Iranian Red Crescent partnership on urban disaster risk reduction and management http://www.ifrc.org/en/news-and-media/news-stories/middle-east-and-north-africa/iran/launch-of-the-ifrc-and-iranian-red-crescent-partnership-on-urban-disaster-risk-reduction-and-management-62520/ 14 November 2013 IFRC 17 June 2013 These two groups will also work together to strengthen each group's capacity to respond to disasters. Their goals include erecting resilient buildings, improving disaster preparedness, and further developing the IFRC's disaster response guiltiness. There may be similar partnerships between the IFRC and other countries to achieve similar goals. Damage and casualties Casualties by countryDeadInjuredPakistan34105Iran112 The afternoon of 16 April 2013 rocked the Sistan and Balochistan province of Iran and Pakistan.Erdbrink Thomas Powerful Earthquake Strikes in Iran https://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/17/world/middleeast/strong-earthquake-strikes-near-iran-pakistan-border.html?_r=0 13 November 2013 The New York Times 16 April 2013 The earthquake, measuring 7.7 on the moment magnitude scale, was not only felt in this southeastern area of Iran and Pakistan but also as far away as India's capital city of Delhi.Major earthquake strikes south-east Iran https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-22168202 14 November 2013 BBC News 16 April 2013 The rural city of Khash, the closest city to the epicenter, is part of Iran's most impoverished province. Most of the citizens of the Sistan and Balochistan province live in either mud shacks or tents. The lack of actual structures contributed to the minimal damage which occurred due to this earthquake. Another contributing factor is the depth of the epicenter. The epicenter of this earthquake was located fifty-nine miles beneath the earth's surface causing damage that would normally be found after an earthquake measuring 4.0 magnitude on the Richter magnitude scale. About 127 people were injured, however these injuries were mostly minor broken bones, and the deaths totaled thirty-five people on both the Iranian and Pakistani side of the earthquake.Karimi Nasser Iran Earthquake 2013: Large Quake Reportedly Felt Across Middle East Region http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/04/16/iran-earthquake-2013_n_3090799.html 13 November 2013 Huffington Post 17 April 2013 Rebecca Santana See also List of earthquakes in 2013 List of earthquakes in Iran List of earthquakes in Pakistan References Further reading Barnhart William D. Hayes Gavin P. Samsonov Sergey V. Fielding Eric J. Seidman Lily E. Breaking the oceanic lithosphere of a subducting slab: The 2013 Khash, Iran earthquake Geophysical Research Letters 41 1 2014 0094-8276 10.1002/2013gl058096 32–36 2014GeoRL..41...32B 135394225 10.1016/j.asr.2013.11.012 Anomalous TEC variations associated with the strong Pakistan-Iran border region earthquake of 16 April 2013 at a low latitude station Agra, India Advances in Space Research 53 2 226–232 2014 Pundhir Devbrat Singh Birbal Singh O.P. 2014AdSpR..53..226P 10.1007/s10518-014-9638-5 Observed damages in Pakistan due to 16 April 2013 Iran earthquake Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 13 2 703–724 2015 Rafi Muhammad Masood Lodi Sarosh H. Ahmed Muhammad Alam Naveed 2015BuEE...13..703R 128834512 External links Tectonics of the Arabian Plate – Image Science and Analysis Laboratory, NASA-Johnson Space Center 606824152 Iran Pakistan Earth sciences Category:2013 earthquakes Category:2013 disasters in Pakistan Category:Earthquakes in Iran Category:Earthquakes in Pakistan Category:2013 in Iran Category:April 2013 in Asia