1820

1820 1820 thumb|February 23: The Cato Street Conspiracy to assassinate British Prime Minister and his government is thwarted in London. thumb|right|February 6: The Capture of Valdivia is made in Chile. 1820 Events January–March January 1 – A constitutionalist military insurrection at Cádiz leads to the summoning of the Spanish Parliament to meet on March 7, becoming the nominal beginning of the "Trienio Liberal" in Spain.Miguel A López-Morell The House of Rothschild in Spain, 1812–1941 https://books.google.com/books?id=XOYFgUAxnkIC&pg=PT46 28 June 2013 Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. 978-1-4724-0424-4 46 January 8 – The General Maritime Treaty of 1820 is signed between the sheikhs of Abu Dhabi, Sharjah, Ajman, Umm al-Quwain and Ras Al Khaimah (later constituents of the Trucial States) in the Arabian Peninsula and the United Kingdom.Lorimer John Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf British Government Bombay 1915 January 27 (NS, January 15 OS) – An Imperial Russian Navy expedition, led by Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen in Vostok with Mikhail Petrovich Lazarev, sights the Antarctic ice sheet.A. G. E. Jones 1982 Antarctica Observed: who discovered the Antarctic Continent? Caedmon of Whitby 0-905355-25-3 January 29 – King George IV becomes the new British monarch upon the death his father George III after 59+ years on the throne. The elder George's death ends the 9-year period known as the British Regency. January 30 – British Royal Navy captain Edward Bransfield, an Irishman, becomes the first person to positively identify Antarctica as a land mass. February 6 Capture of Valdivia: Lord Cochrane occupies Valdivia in the name of the Republic of Chile. A group of 86 free African American colonists sail from New York City to Freetown, Sierra Leone, with a goal of creating a home for freed American slaves, to be called "Liberia". February 13 – The Assassination of the Duke of Berry takes place in Paris. The Duke of Berry, nephew of Louis XVIII, is stabbed to death while attending the Paris Opera.Price, Munro. The Perilous Crown: France Between Revolutions, 1814-1848. Pan Macmillan, 2010. p.107-8 February 14 – Emperor Minh Mạng starts to rule in Vietnam. February 20 – A revolt begins against the Spanish crown in Santa María Chiquimula (now in Guatemala).William George Lovell Conquest and Survival in Colonial Guatemala: A Historical Geography of the Cuchumatán Highlands, 1500-1821 https://books.google.com/books?id=05wSqQiu52MC&pg=PA116 2005 McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP 978-0-7735-2741-6 116 February 23 – The Cato Street Conspiracy, a plot to assassinate Britain's Prime Minister, Lord Liverpool, and his Cabinet is thwarted when police in London arrest 13 plotters after being warned by an informant.Alexander Charles Ewald The Last Century of Universal History: A Reference Book, Containing an Annotated Table of Chronology, Lists of Contemporary Sovereigns, a Dictionary of Battles and Sieges, and Biographical Notes of Eminent In-dividuals. From 1767 to 1867 https://books.google.com/books?id=flkQAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA67 1868 F. Warne & Company 67 March 3 – A fire in Guangzhou in China burns 15,000 houses and kills an undetermined number of people."Fires, Great", in The Insurance Cyclopeadia: Being an Historical Treasury of Events and Circumstances Connected with the Origin and Progress of Insurance, Cornelius Walford, ed. (C. and E. Layton, 1876) pp69 March 3 and 6 – The Missouri Compromise becomes law, allowing admission of Missouri and Maine, as slave and free states respectively, as U.S. states. March 9 – King Ferdinand VII of Spain accepts the new constitution, beginning the Trienio Liberal. March 10 – The Astronomical Society of London is founded. March 15 – Maine is admitted as the 23rd U.S. state. March 26 – Joseph Smith, founder of the Latter Day Saint movement, receives his First Vision in Palmyra, New York.Lefgren, J. C. (October 2002). "Oh, How Lovely Was the Morning: Sun 26 Mar 1820?". Meridian Magazine. (available at http://www.johnpratt.com/items/docs/lds/meridian/2002/vision.html) March 28 – An attempted coup d'état against Paraguayan dictator José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia fails after a plot by Fulgencio Yegros and Pedro Juan Caballero. April–June April 1 – A proclamation, signed "By order of the Committee of Organisation for forming a Provisional Government", begins the "Radical War" in Scotland. April 8 – The statue of the Venus de Milo (Aphrodite of Milos, 150 BC-125 BC) is discovered on the Greek island of Milos, by a peasant named Yorgos Kentrotas.School Arts https://books.google.com/books?id=18oVAQAAIAAJ 1922 Davis Publications 444 April 12 – Alexander Ypsilantis becomes the leader of Filiki Eteria, a secret organization to overthrow Ottoman rule over Greece. April 15 – King William I of Württemberg marries his cousin, Pauline Therese, in Stuttgart. April 21 – Hans Christian Ørsted discovers the relationship between electricity and magnetism.Chodos Alan July 1820: Oersted & Electromagnetism https://www.aps.org/apsnews/2008/07/1820-oersted-electromagnetism aps.org 27 February 2026 en May 1 – The last judicial decapitation in the United Kingdom is meted out to the principals in the Cato Street conspirators after their public hanging for treason in London. Legally, the post-hanging beheading is a mitigation of the last sentence in Britain of "hanging, drawing and quartering".Abbott Geoffrey Execution: a Guide to the Ultimate Penalty Summersdale Publishers Chichester 2005 1994 978-1-84024-433-5 161–2 May 11 – Beagle, the ship that will later take young Charles Darwin on his scientific voyage to examine the "origin of the species", is launched at Woolwich Dockyard. May 20 – At age 14, John Stuart Mill sets out on his formative trip to the south of France, staying with Samuel Bentham. June 5 – Caroline of Brunswick, the estranged wife of King George IV, returns to England after six years abroad in Italy, where she has been carrying on an affair. Since ascending the throne in January, the King had sought to receive his government's approval for a divorce.Christopher Hibbert Christopher Hibbert Wellington: A Personal History Da Capo Press 1999 220 June 12 Élie Decazes, leader of the opposition in France's Chamber of Deputies, introduces the "Law of the Double Vote", a proposal to add to the existing legislators by creating 172 seats that would be "selected by special electoral colleges" made up of the wealthiest 25% of voters in each of France's departments.Munro Price, The Perilous Crown: France Between Revolutions, 1814-1848 (Pan Macmillan, 2010) p108 Delegates in St. Louis in the Missouri Territory approve a proposed state constitution, proclaiming that they "do mutually agree to form and establish a free and independent republic, by the name of 'The State of Missouri'.""Missouri", in Constitutional Documents of the United States of America 1776-1860, ed. by Horst Dippel (K. G. Saur, 2007) p221 June 29 – The cause of action that will lead to the U.S. Supreme Court case known as The Antelope arises, when a U.S. Treasury cutter captures a ship of the same name, which is transporting 281 Africans who had been captured as slaves, in violation of the U.S. law prohibiting the slave trade."Antelope Case", by John T. Noonan, Jr., in Dictionary of Afro-American Slavery, (Greenwood, 1997) p66 July–September July 13 – A revolt under Guglielmo Pepe forces Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies to sign a constitution modeled on the Spanish Constitution of 1812. July 20 – Saint Cronan's Boys' National School opens in Bray, County Wicklow, Ireland under the title Bray Male School. Its notable pupils will include President of Ireland Cearbhall Ó Dálaigh. July 26 – Union Chain Bridge opens across the River Tweed, between England and Scotland. Its span of 449 ft (137 m) is the world's longest for a vehicular bridge at this time.https://archive.org/details/amemoirsuspensi01drewgoog A Memoir of Suspension Bridges: Comprising The History Of Their Origin And Progress Section III Drewry Charles Stewart 1832 Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman London 37–41 August 16, 2011 August 1 — The Regent's Canal through to the London Docks is opened. August 24 – A Constitutionalist insurrection breaks out at Oporto, Portugal. September 2 – The Daoguang Emperor succeeds to the throne of Qing dynasty China. September 5 – José Gervasio Artigas flees to Paraguay. September 15 – Revolution breaks out in Lisbon against John VI of Portugal.Matthew Anthony Fitzsimons https://books.google.com/books?id=h6IwAQAAIAAJ The Catholic Church Today: Western Europe Jean Bécarud University of Notre Dame Press 1969 978-0-268-00307-4 162 thumb|right|Chicago in 1820 October–December October 9 – Guayaquil declares independence from Spain. October 25–November 20 – The Congress of Troppau is convened between the rulers of Russia, Austria and Prussia.Paul W. Schroeder Metternich's Diplomacy at its Zenith, 1820-1823: Austria and the Congresses of Troppau, Laibach, and Verona https://books.google.com/books?id=GSbFDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA98 1 January 1962 University of Texas Press 978-0-292-75034-0 98 November 17 – American seal hunter Captain Nathaniel Palmer becomes the third known explorer to sight Antarctica. The Palmer Peninsula is later named after him.Oversight Visit to the Southern Pacific Rim: Report to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, U.S. House of Representatives, One Hundred First Congress, Second Session https://books.google.com/books?id=0R151CAlW20C&pg=PA11 1991 U.S. Government Printing Office 11 November 20 – After the sinking of the American whaleship Essex of Nantucket, by a sperm whale in the southern Pacific Ocean, the survivors are left afloat in three small whaleboats. They eventually resort, by common consent, to cannibalism to allow some to survive. December 3 – James Monroe is re-elected, virtually unopposed, in the 1820 United States presidential election. One elector, William Plumer of New Hampshire, casts his vote for John Quincy Adams in order to protest the administration of Monroe and Daniel Tompkins while also establishing Adams as a contender for the election in 1824.Lynn W. Turner, “The Electoral Vote against Monroe in 1820-An American Legend,” The Mississippi Valley Historical Review 42, no. 2 (September 1955): 253-254, https://www.jstor.org/stable/1897643?seq=1. Date unknown Mount Rainier erupts over modern-day Seattle. 18,957 black slaves leave Luanda, Angola. Construction work is completed on the Citadelle Laferrière in Haiti, the largest fortification in the Americas, built on the orders of Henri Christophe to defend the country against potential French reoccupation.Michele Wagner Haiti https://books.google.com/books?id=SWk1urXDuikC 2002 G. Stevens 978-0-8368-2351-6 53 Anchor coinage is first struck in silver in London denominated in fractions of the Mauritian dollar for use in British colonies. Births January–June thumb|right|110px|William Sherman thumb|right|110px|Susan B. Anthony thumb|right|110px|Herbert Spencer thumb|right|110px|Florence Nightingale January 10 – Louisa Lane Drew, actress, prominent theater manager, grandmother of the Barrymores (d. 1897) January 14 – Bezalel HaKohen, Russian rabbi (d. 1878)BEZALEL B. MOSES HA-KOHEN https://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/3243-bezalel-b-moses-ha-kohen Louis Ginzberg 3 136 January 17 – Anne Brontë, English author (d. 1849)Anne Brontë British author https://www.britannica.com/biography/Anne-Bronte Encyclopedia Britannica April 17, 2019 en January 20 – Alexandre-Émile Béguyer de Chancourtois, French chemist and mineralogist (d. 1886) January 30 – Concepción Arenal, Spanish feminist writer, activist (d. 1893)Calendar of Spanish Anniversaries https://books.google.com/books?id=vrYUAQAAIAAJ 1935 Tardy publishing Company, Incorporated February 8 – William Tecumseh Sherman, American Civil War general (d. 1891)William Tecumseh Sherman Memoirs of Gen. William T. Sherman: By Himself. To which are Added Chapters Completing His Life and Including His Funeral Obsequies by W. Fletcher Johnson and Carefully Reviewed by Major-General O. O. Howard https://books.google.com/books?id=c9w4AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA438 1891 D. Appleton 438– February 13 – James Geiss, English businessman (d. 1878) February 15 Susan B. Anthony, American suffragist (d. 1906)United States. Congress Congressional Record: Proceedings and Debates of the ... Congress https://books.google.com/books?id=zT-J4Y9mt3sC&pg=PA3217 1966 U.S. Government Printing Office 3217 Arvid Posse, 2nd Prime Minister of Sweden (d. 1901)Frank Moore Colby Harry Thurston Peck The International Year Book https://books.google.com/books?id=9k1MAAAAMAAJ 1902 Dodd, Mead 646 February 17 – Henri Vieuxtemps, Belgian violinist and composer (d. 1881)The Musical Monitor https://books.google.com/books?id=DnpFAQAAMAAJ 1918 Mrs. David Allen Campbell 620 February 28 – John Tenniel, English illustrator (d. 1914)Sir John Tenniel https://books.google.com/books?id=AnoKcQVWj3cC 1914 Bradbury, Agnew & Company 1863 March 2 – Eduard Douwes Dekker, Dutch writer (d. 1887)Multatuli Max Havelaar, Or, The Coffee Auctions of the Dutch Trading Company https://books.google.com/books?id=vvY2AAAAIAAJ 1982 University of Massachusetts Press 339 9780870233609 March 3 – Henry D. Cogswell, American temperance movement pioneer who endowed a number of Cogswell fountains (d. 1900) March 4 – Francesco Bentivegna, Italian revolutionary (d. 1856) March 4 – Alexander Worthy Clerk, Jamaican Moravian teacher and missionary (d. 1906) March 9 – Samuel Blatchford, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (d. 1893) March 14 – Victor Emmanuel II of Italy (d. 1878)The Statesman's Year-book https://books.google.com/books?id=DawRAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA323 1867 Palgrave 323 March 17 – Martin Jenkins Crawford, American politician (d. 1883) March 20 – Alexandru Ioan Cuza, Romania's first reigning Domnitor (d. 1873)Southeastern Europe: L'Europe Du Sud-Est https://books.google.com/books?id=qUFpAAAAMAAJ 1974 Arizona State University 3 April 27 – Herbert Spencer, English philosopher (d. 1903)Daniel Greenleaf Thompson Herbert Spencer: His Life, Writings, and Philosophy https://books.google.com/books?id=hEMvdumLD3EC&pg=PA4 1889 G.H. Ellis 4 April 26 – Alice Cary, American poet, sister to Phoebe Cary (1824–1871) (d. 1871)Edwin Francis Hatfield The Poets of the Church: A Series of Biographical Sketches of Hymn-writers with Notes on Their Hymns https://books.google.com/books?id=1X9Na4_B8TsC&pg=PA133 1884 A. D. F. Randolph 133 May 5 – Elkanah Billings, Canadian paleontologist (d. 1876) May 12 – Florence Nightingale, English nurse (d. 1910)Nightingale, Florence (1820–1910), reformer of Army Medical Services and of nursing organization http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-35241 2004 April 17, 2019 en 10.1093/ref:odnb/35241 Baly Monica E. Matthew H. C. G. 9780198614128 May 23 – Lorenzo Sawyer, 9th Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of California (d. 1891) May 25 – François Claude du Barail, French general and Minister of War (d. 1902) May 27 – Mathilde Bonaparte, Italian princess (d. 1904)Victor Plarr Men and Women of the Time: A Dictionary of Contemporaries https://books.google.com/books?id=_GwLAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA576 1895 G. Routledge and Sons, limited 576 July–December thumb|110px|right|Friedrich Engels July 5 – William John Macquorn Rankine, Scottish physicist, engineer (d. 1872) July 22 – Oliver Mowat, Canadian lawyer, politician (d. 1903) July 23 – Julia Gardiner Tyler, First Lady of the United States (d. 1889) July 25 – Henry Doulton, English potter (d. 1897) Alexander James Clement Doulton, Sir Henry (1820–1897) 7944 September 17 Émile Augier, French dramatist (d. 1889)Charles Dudley Warner A Library of the World's Best Literature - Ancient and Modern - Vol.XLII (Forty-Five Volumes); Dictionary of Authors (A-J) https://books.google.com/books?id=0g7UAtyUJYMC&pg=PA29 1 July 2008 Cosimo, Inc. 978-1-60520-248-8 29 Earl van Dorn, American Confederate general (d. 1863) September 20 – John F. Reynolds, American general (d. 1863) September 27 – Wilhelm Siegmund Teuffel, German classical scholar (d. 1878) September 29 – Henri, Count of Chambord, claimant to the French throne (d. 1883)Lucian Edward HENRY Europe in 1882: out of the shadow. The Royal Family of France. Twelve lectures on current French History https://books.google.com/books?id=h0cf5yik6u4C&pg=PA66 1862 G. Bishop 66 October 5 – David Wilber, American politician (d. 1890) October 6 – Jenny Lind, Swedish soprano (d. 1887)The Musicians's Year Book https://books.google.com/books?id=U2ZOAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA145 1895 E.P. Dutton 145 October 16 – Gillis Bildt, 5th Prime Minister of Sweden (d. 1894)Wieselgren Harald https://runeberg.org/wiesminn/0073.html Bilder och minnen Beijer 1889 Stockholm 73–78 sv Harald Wieselgren 2007-01-19 October 20 – Benjamin F. Cheatham, American Confederate general (d. 1886) October 22 - Ossian Euclid Dodge, American singer and performer (d. 1876) November 23 Isaac Todhunter, English mathematician (d. 1884) Ludwig von Hagn, German painter (d. 1898)Munich. Schackgalerie Schack Gallery in Munich: In the Possession of His Majesty the German Emperor, King of Prussia https://books.google.com/books?id=xCcrAAAAIAAJ 1911 G. Hirth 69 November 28 – Friedrich Engels, German social philosopher (d. 1895)V. Ė Kunina Frederick Engels: His Life and Work : Documents and Photographs https://books.google.com/books?id=GdILAAAAYAAJ 1987 Progress 18 9780714725826 December 21 – William H. Osborn, American railroad executive (d. 1894) Date unknown Song Qing, Chinese general (d. 1902) Deaths January–June 110px|thumb|King George III January 17 – Daniel Albert Wyttenbach, Swiss-born academic (b. 1746) January 23 – Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn, member of British Royal Family and father of Queen Victoria (b. 1767) January 29 – King George III of the United Kingdom (b. 1738) February 5 – William Drennan, Irish physician, poet and radical politician (b. 1754) February 11 – Karl von Fischer, German architect (b. 1782) February 14 – Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry, French noble (stabbed) (b. 1778) March 11 – Benjamin West, Anglo-American painter of historical scenes (b. 1738)Charles Edwards Lester The Democratic Age: Statesmanship, Science, Art, Literature, and Progress https://books.google.com/books?id=gXsAAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA204 1858 Hale, Valentine & Company 204 March 22 – Stephen Decatur, American sailor (b. 1779)United States. Congress Congressional Record: Proceedings and Debates of the ... Congress https://books.google.com/books?id=7zs4AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA3133 1939 U.S. Government Printing Office 3133 April 8 – Thomas Douglas, 5th Earl of Selkirk, Scottish-born philanthropist (b. 1771) April 20 – James Morris III, Continental Army officer from Connecticut (b. 1752) May 30 – William Bradley, Britain's tallest ever man (b. 1787) June 6 – Henry Grattan, Irish politician (b. 1746) June 9 – Wilhelmina of Prussia, Princess of Orange (b. 1751) June 19 – Sir Joseph Banks, English naturalist and botanist (b. 1743)Edward Edwards Lives of the Founders of the British Museum (etc.) 1570-1870 https://books.google.com/books?id=GWloAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA28 1870 Trübner 28 June 20 – Manuel Belgrano, Argentine politician, general in the Independence War (b. 1770)United States. Office of Inter-American Affairs Air-Mail Feature and Radio Service https://books.google.com/books?id=trJOmjWmVaYC 1945 2 July–December thumb|right|110px|Jiaqing Emperor July 10 – William Wyatt Bibb, first Governor of Alabama (b. 1781) August 6 – Antonín Vranický, Bohemian violinist and composer (b. 1761)David Mason Greene Constance Green Greene's Biographical Encyclopedia of Composers https://books.google.com/books?id=m3S7PIxe0mwC&pg=PA427 1985 Reproducing Piano Roll Fnd. 978-0-385-14278-6 427 August 9 – Anders Sparrman, Swedish naturalist (b. 1748) August 12 – Manuel Lisa, Spanish-born American fur trader (b. 1772) September 2 – Jiaqing Emperor, Chinese emperor (b. 1760) September 3 – Benjamin Latrobe, Anglo-American architect (b. 1764) September 4 – Timothy Brown, English banker, merchant and radical (b. 1743/1744) September 16 – Nguyễn Du, Vietnamese poet (b. 1766) September 18 – Mariana Joaquina Pereira Coutinho, Portuguese courtier, salonnière (b. 1748) September 26 – Daniel Boone, American pioneer (b. 1734)The History of Pike County, Missouri: An Encyclopedia of Useful Information, and a Compendium of Actual Facts https://books.google.com/books?id=b9AXz-ZqGU8C&pg=PA200 1883 Mills & Company 200 September 28 – Pedro Andrés del Alcázar, Spanish and later Chilean Army officer and war hero (b. 1752) September 29 – Barthelemy Lafon, Creole architect and smuggler (b. 1769) October 4 - Claudine Picardet, French chemist, mineralogist, meteorologist and scientific translator (b. 1735) October 8 – Henri Christophe, Haitian revolutionary leader (suicide) (b. 1767) October 11 – James Keir, Scottish geologist, chemist and industrialist (b. 1735) Timmins Sam James Keir, F.R.S., 1735–1820 Transactions (Birmingham and Warwickshire Archaeological Society) 1899 1–4 24 https://books.google.com/books?id=HV4JAAAAIAAJ&q=james+keir&pg=RA2-PA1 October 15 – Karl Philipp Fürst zu Schwarzenberg, Austrian field marshal (b. 1771) November 1 – Pierre Martin, French admiral (b. 1752) November 8 – Lavinia Stoddard, American poet and school founder (b. 1787) December 25 – Joseph Fouché, French statesman (b. 1759) December 29 – Princess Pauline of Anhalt-Bernburg, German regent and social reformer (b. 1769)25 275 277 Pauline August Falkmann ADB:Pauline References External links Category:Leap years in the Gregorian calendar