1907 Spanish general election

none 1907 Spanish general election Spain 1785 parliamentary no 1905 Spanish general election 1905 1910 Spanish general election 1910 All 404 seats in the Congress of Deputies and 180 (of 360) seats in the Senate203 seats needed for a majority in the Congress of Deputies 21 April 1907 (Congress)5 May 1907 (Senate)"4Aug" The election in the province of Lugo was postponed to 4 August 1907.https://www.senado.es/cgi-bin/verdocweb?tipo_bd=HI20&PWIndice=7&Signatura=HIS-0257-07&Contenido=3 Acta electoral (1907-08-04). Copia certificada es Senate of Spain 27 November 2022 170x170px Antonio Maura Conservative Party (Spain) 11 November 1903 Palma 128 D Congress of Deputies53 S SenateResults for PC (105 deputies and 48 senators), V (16 deputies and 4 senators) and PLR (7 deputies and 1 senator) in the 1905 election. 256 D Congress of Deputies113 S Senate 10px 128 D Congress of Deputies10px 60 S Senate 170x170px Segismundo Moret Liberal Party (Spain, 1880) 1906 Albuñol 226 D Congress of Deputies108 S Senate 72 D Congress of Deputies25 S Senate 10px 154 D Congress of Deputies10px 83 S Senate 170x170px Enric Prat de la Riba Solidarity 1906 Did not run 18 D Congress of Deputies3 S SenateResults in Catalonia for LR (7 deputies and 2 senators), UR (6 deputies and 0 senators) and PRF (5 deputies and 1 senator) in the 1905 election. 38 D Congress of Deputies14 S Senate 10px 20 D Congress of Deputies10px 11 S Senate 170x170px Nicolás Salmerón Republican 1903 Barcelona 19 D Congress of Deputies1 S SenateResults in the 1905 election, not including Catalonia. 15 D Congress of Deputies1 S Senate 10px 4 D Congress of Deputies10px 0 S Senate 170x170px Matías Barrio y Mier Carlist 1899 Cervera de Pisuerga 4 D Congress of Deputies2 S Senate 8 D Congress of Deputies3 S Senate 10px 4 D Congress of Deputies10px 1 S Senate 170x170px José Canalejas Monarchist Democratic Party 1902 Alcoy Did not contest 7 D Congress of Deputies6 S Senate 10px 7 D Congress of Deputies10px 6 S Senate Prime Minister Prime Minister after election Antonio Maura Conservative Party (Spain) Antonio Maura Conservative Party (Spain) A general election was held in Spain on 21 April 1907 (for the Congress of Deputies), and on 5 May 1907 (for the Senate),"4Aug" to elect the members of the 13th es Cortes no under the Spanish Constitution of 1876, during the Restoration period. All 404 seats in the Congress of Deputies were up for election, as well as 180 of 360 seats in the Senate. The informal es turno system had allowed the country's two main parties—the Conservatives and the Liberals—to alternate in power by determining in advance the outcome of elections through electoral fraud, often facilitated by the territorial clientelistic networks of local bosses (the es caciques). The absence of politically authoritative figureheads since the deaths of Cánovas and Sagasta, together with the national trauma from the Spanish–American War, weakened the internal unity of both parties and allowed faction leaders and local es caciques to strengthen their positions as power brokers. Eugenio Montero Ríos had resigned as prime minister in the wake of the ¡Cu-Cut! incident in November 1905.Soldevilla 1906 460–465 & 490–498 The Liberal Party then entered a period of internal turmoil during which various leaders—Segismundo Moret and José López Domínguez—succeeded themselves in office. The strong rivalry between Moret and José Canalejas saw the "crisis of the letter" (es crisis del papelito)—which saw Moret returning to the premiership for a few days—and a transitional government being formed by the Marquis of Vega de Armijo, until the Conservartive Party under Antonio Maura was tasked with the formation of a new government and the calling of a general election by King Alfonso XIII. The election resulted in a large majority for Maura—who used the system's own mechanisms to secure a disproportionate amount of seats at the expense of the Liberals, breaching a tacit pact between the elites of the two parties—and a huge success for the Catalan Solidarity coalition, formed as a consequence of the political fallout in Catalonia resulting from the ¡Cu-Cut! incident and the approval of the 1906 Law of Jurisdictions. Background The Restoration system had entered a phase of decline following the national trauma from the Spanish–American War (the "1898 disaster") and the absence of politically authoritative figureheads since the deaths of Antonio Cánovas del Castillo (1897) and Práxedes Mateo Sagasta (1903),Dendle 1986 34 weakening the internal unity of both dynastic parties and strengthening the position of faction leaders and local es caciques as power brokers.Fernández Almagro 1943 415Martorell Linares 1997 144 Concurrently, the anti-monarchist opposition became increasingly competitive in urban and some rural districts, partly due to the introduction of universal suffrage since 1890, partly due to the progressive weakening of the pro-government electoral apparatus.Martorell Linares 1997 144–145Montagut Eduardo 24 March 2016 El republicanismo durante la Restauración borbónica https://www.eduardomontagut.es/mis-articulos/historia/item/422-el-republicanismo-durante-la-restauraci%C3%B3n-borb%C3%B3nica.html es Eduardo Montagut 24 August 2025Serrano Lahoz 2020 32 Overview Under the 1876 Constitution, the Spanish es Cortes no were conceived as "co-legislative bodies", forming a nearly perfect bicameral system.Constitution 1876 arts. 18–19 & 41. Both the Congress of Deputies and the Senate exercised legislative, oversight and budgetary functions, sharing almost equal powers, except in budget laws (taxation and public credit)—whose first reading corresponded to Congress—and in impeachment processes against government ministers, where Congress handled indictment and the Senate the trial.Constitution 1876 arts. 38, 42 & 45.https://www.senado.es/web/conocersenado/temasclave/historiaconstitucional/index.html Conocer el Senado. Temas clave. El Senado en la historia constitucional española es Senate of Spain 11 October 2025 Date The term of each chamber of the es Cortes no—the Congress and one-half of the elective part of the Senate—expired five years from the date of their previous election, unless they were dissolved earlier.Constitution 1876 arts. 24 & 30. The previous elections were held on 10 September 1905 for the Congress and on 24 September 1905 for the Senate, which meant that the chambers' terms would have expired on 10 and 24 September 1910, respectively. The monarch had the prerogative to dissolve both chambers at any given time—either jointly or separately—and call a snap election.Constitution 1876 art. 32; Law of 8 February 1877 art. 11. There was no constitutional requirement for concurrent elections to the Congress and the Senate, nor for the elective part of the Senate to be renewed in its entirety except in the case that a full dissolution was agreed by the monarch. Still, there was only one case of a separate election (for the Senate in 1877) and no half-Senate elections taking place under the 1876 Constitution. The es Cortes no were officially dissolved on 30 March 1907, with the corresponding decree setting election day for 21 April (Congress) and 5 May 1907 (Senate) and scheduling for both chambers to reconvene on 13 May.Royal Decree of 30 March 1907 arts. 1–3. Electoral system Voting for the Congress of Deputies was based on universal manhood suffrage, comprising all Spanish national males over 25 years of age with full civil rights, provided they had two years of residence in a Spanish municipality and were not enlisted ranks in active duty.Law of 26 June 1890 art. 1.Ortega Álvarez Santaolaya Machetti 1996 88García Muñoz 2002 106–107Carreras de Odriozola Tafunell Sambola 2005 1077 Additional restrictions excluded those deprived of political rights or barred from public office by a final sentence, criminally imprisoned or convicted, legally incapacitated, bankrupt, public debtors, and homeless.Law of 26 June 1890 art. 2. The Congress of Deputies had one seat per 50,000 inhabitants. Of these, those corresponding to larger urban areas were elected in multi-member constituencies using partial block voting: voters in constituencies electing eight seats or more could choose up to three candidates less than the number of seats at stake; in those with between four and eight seats, up to two less; and in those with between one and four seats, up to one less. The remaining seats were elected in single-member districts by plurality voting and distributed among the provinces of Spain according to population.Constitution 1876 arts. 27–28; Law of 26 June 1890 arts. 21–22Ortega Álvarez Santaolaya Machetti 1996 89 Additionally, universities, economic societies of Friends of the Country and officially organized chambers of commerce, industry and agriculture, had one seat per 5,000 registered voters.Law of 26 June 1890 art. 24. As a result of the aforementioned allocation, 306 single-member districts were established, and each Congress multi-member constituency (a total of 28, electing 98 seats) was entitled the following seats:Law of 26 June 1890 trans. prov. 1 (suppl. supplemented by Law of 1 January 1871 art. 1 & attached table, and Law of 28 December 1878 arts. 2–3; am. amended by Law of 23 June 1885, Law of 18 January 1887, Law of 10 July 1888, Law of 18 June 1895, Law of 2 August 1895, Law of 5 July 1898, Law of 7 August 1899, Law of 24 March 1902, and Law of 5 April 1904). Seats Constituencies 8 Madrid 7 Barcelona 5 Palma, Seville 4 Cartagena 3 Alicante, Almería, Badajoz, Burgos, Cádiz, Córdoba, Granada, Huelva, Jaén, Jerez de la Frontera, La Coruña, Las Palmas, Lugo, Málaga, Murcia, Oviedo, Pamplona, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Santander, Tarragona, Valencia, Valladolid, Zaragoza Voting for the elective part of the Senate was based on censitary suffrage, comprising Spanish male householders of voting age, residing in a Spanish municipality, with full political and civil rights, who met either of the following:Law of 8 February 1877 arts. 1–3, 12–13, 23 & 25. Being qualified electors (such as archbishops, bishops and cathedral chapter members, in the archdioceses; full academics, in the royal academies; university authorities and professors, in the universities; or provincial deputies); Being elected as delegates (either by members with three years of seniority (in the economic societies of Friends of the Country; or by major taxpayers for direct taxes and local authorities, in the local councils). 180 Senate seats were elected using indirect, two-round majority voting. Delegates chosen by local councils—each of which was assigned an initial minimum of one delegate, with one additional delegate for every six councillors—voted for senators together with provincial deputies. The provinces of Barcelona, Madrid and Valencia were allocated four seats each, and the rest three each, for a total of 150. The remaining 30 seats were allocated to special institutional districts (one each), including major archdioceses, royal academies, universities, and economic societies,The following were considered as the major districts in each category:Archdioceses: Burgos, Granada, Santiago de Compostela, Seville, Tarragona, Toledo, Valencia, Valladolid, and Zaragoza. Royal academies: Spanish; History; Fine Arts of San Fernando; Exact, Physical and Natural Sciences; Moral and Political Sciences; and Medicine. Universities: Madrid, Barcelona, Granada, Oviedo, Salamanca, Santiago, Seville, Valencia, Valladolid, and Zaragoza. Economic societies of Friends of the Country: Madrid, Barcelona, León, Seville, and Valencia. each elected by their own qualified electors or delegates.Constitution 1876 arts. 20–21; Law of 8 February 1877 arts. 1–2, 21–22, 30–31 & 53; Royal Decree of 16 March 1899 arts. 1–2.Carreras de Odriozola Tafunell Sambola 2005 1083 Another 180 seats consisted of senators in their own right (such as the monarch's offspring and the heir apparent once coming of age (16), grandees of Spain with an income of Pts 60,000, certain general officers—captain generals and admirals—the Patriarch of the Indies and archbishops, and the heads of higher courts and state institutions"State" These comprised the Council of State, the Supreme Court, the Court of Auditors and the Supreme Council of War and Navy. after two years of service), as well as senators for life directly appointed by the monarch.Constitution 1876 arts. 20–21, 66 & 71. The law provided for by-elections to fill vacant seats during the legislative term. At least two vacancies were required to trigger a by-election in Congress multi-member constituencies.Law of 8 February 1877 arts. 56–59; Law of 26 June 1890 arts. 73–76. Candidates Nomination rules For the Congress, secular Spanish males of voting age, with full civil rights, could run for election. Causes of ineligibility applied to those excluded from voting or meeting any of the incompatibility rules for deputies, as well as to:Constitution 1876 art. 29; Law of 26 June 1890 arts. 2–5. Public contractors, within their relevant territories; Holders of a number of territorial posts (such as government-appointed positions, not including government ministers and Central Administration employees; local and provincial employees; and provincial deputation members), within their areas of jurisdiction, during their term of office and up to one year afterwards. For the Senate, eligibility was limited to Spanish males over 35 years of age not under criminal prosecution, disfranchisement nor asset seizure, and who either qualified as senators in their own right or belonged (or had belonged) to certain categories:Constitution 1876 arts. 22 & 26; Law of 8 February 1877 art. 4. Provided an income of Pts 7,500: the presidents of the Senate and the Congress; deputies serving in three different congresses or eight terms; government ministers; bishops; grandees of Spain not eligible as senators in their own right; and various senior officials after two years of service (such as certain general officers—lieutenant generals and vice admirals—and members of higher courts and state institutions);"State" heads of diplomatic missions abroad (ambassadors after two years, and plenipotentiaries after four); heads and full academics in the royal academies; chief engineers; and full professors with four years of service; Provided an income of Pts 20,000 or being taxpayers with a minimum quota of Pts 4,000 in direct taxes (paid two years in advance): Spanish nobility; and former deputies, provincial deputies or mayors in provincial capitals or towns over 20,000; Having served as senators before the promulgation of the 1876 Constitution. Other ineligibility provisions for the Senate also applied to a number of territorial officials within their areas of jurisdiction, during their term of office and up to three months afterwards; public contractors; tax collectors; and public debtors.Law of 8 February 1877 arts. 5–6. Incompatibility rules barred representing multiple constituencies simultaneously, as well as combining:Constitution 1876 arts. 25 & 31; Law of 8 February 1877 arts. 5–10; Law of 7 March 1880 arts. 1–4 (am. amended by Law of 31 July 1887 single art.); Law of 26 June 1890 art. 81. The role of senator with other legislative roles (deputy, senator and local councillor, except those in Madrid; and provincial deputies within their respective provinces); or with any public post not explicitly permitted under Senate eligibility requirements; The role of deputy with any other civil, military or judicial post, with exceptions—and as many as 40 deputies allowed to simultaneously benefit from these—including a number of specific posts based in Madrid, such as any of the aforementioned ones (provided a public salary of Pts 12,500); senior court officials; university authorities and professors; chief engineers; and general officers. Results Congress of Deputies + ← Summary of the 21 April 1907 Congress of Deputies election results → center|400px Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats Votes % Conservative Party (PC) 256 Liberal Party (PL) 72 Catalan Solidarity (SC) 38 Republican Union (UR) 15 Traditionalist Communion (Carlist) (CT) 8 Monarchist Democratic Party (PDM) 7 Integrist Party (PI) 3 Anti-Solidarity Republicans (RAS) 2 Independents (INDEP) 3 Total 404 Votes cast / turnout Abstentions Registered voters SourcesArmengol i Segú Varela Ortega 2001 655–77619 April 1907 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=bea78354-c68c-43c7-a3cf-f519c991be97 La lucha electoral. Los candidatos es National Library of Spain La Época 8 August 202320 April 1907 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=3c7046c2-06f7-4be7-b612-327595d0139e La lucha electoral es National Library of Spain El Globo 20 November 202222 April 1907 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=bf52d120-5a22-469a-9579-be0b9cee0be2&page=3 Candidatos triunfantes es National Library of Spain El Imparcial 20 November 202222 April 1907 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=cbf5a42f-10e8-449e-a17a-3f8b8270544a Los nuevos diputados es National Library of Spain La Época 20 November 202223 April 1907 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=4c5be604-1978-4e3b-8847-0b903fe66b3d Las elecciones es National Library of Spain El Día 20 November 202223 April 1907 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=8d047126-e3f4-4764-a383-6eef4f100c95&page=2 Los nuevos diputados es National Library of Spain El Globo 20 November 202223 April 1907 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=7dc5d5a5-36a9-4be5-a2e7-36ad7248f9fa Lista de candidatos triunfantes, por clasificación de partidos es National Library of Spain La Época 20 November 202224 April 1907 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=db839947-6cb7-4a9c-b459-1601b0158934 Los diputados electos es National Library of Spain El Imparcial 20 November 202225 April 1907 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=b40d91f7-8e9c-41e4-a546-dee27c93fded&page=3 El futuro Congreso es National Library of Spain El Día 20 November 202225 April 1907 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=983909c3-690f-4f4d-b777-93345d64fda1 Elecciones de Diputados es National Library of Spain La Correspondencia de España 20 November 20221 January 1908 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=bde7a77c-c09e-44fc-b90e-6bc7af82f34a&page=145 Abril de 1907. Día 21. Elecciones de Diputados a Cortes es National Library of Spain El Año Político 20 November 2022 Seats #ddd 550px 500px PC Conservative Party (Spain) 63.37 PL Liberal Party (Spain, 1880) 17.82 SC Catalan Solidarity (1906) 9.41 UR Republican Union (Spain, 1903) 3.71 CT Traditionalist Communion 1.98 PDM Monarchist Democratic Party 1.73 PI Integrist Party 0.74 RAS Radical Republican Party 0.50 INDEP Independent politician 0.74 Senate + ← Summary of the 5 May 1907 Senate of Spain election results → center|375px Parties and alliances Seats Conservative Party (PC) 113 Liberal Party (PL) 25 Catalan Solidarity (SC) 14 Monarchist Democratic Party (PDM) 6 Traditionalist Communion (Carlist) (CT) 3 Integrist Party (PI) 3 Republican Union (UR) 1 Anti-Solidarity Republicans (RAS) 1 Independents (INDEP) 5 Archbishops (ARCH) 9 Total elective seats 180 Sources"4Aug"5 May 1907 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=368403f2-68a1-4610-b373-3083c6fbb1f9&page=2 Los nuevos senadores es National Library of Spain El Heraldo de Madrid 26 November 20226 May 1907 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=a710f85d-ad39-450b-939c-3c800f5e2dfc Elección de senadores es National Library of Spain El Imparcial 26 November 20226 May 1907 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=69966b61-af8d-44a6-b2ea-e1b866204b65 Elección de senadores es National Library of Spain El Correo Español 26 November 20226 May 1907 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=eb208ebd-559b-4028-8f27-bae52bb791cb&page=2 Los electos es National Library of Spain El País 26 November 20226 May 1907 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=00b0ef9a-92aa-45d7-a61d-465098b3265f&page=3 Elecciones de senadores es National Library of Spain La Correspondencia de Madrid 26 November 20226 May 1907 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=225bf6c9-d0d3-4add-b5bc-6be9395eb49c Elecciones de senadores. Los elegidos es National Library of Spain El Siglo Futuro 26 November 20227 May 1907 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=80dde504-1362-444f-ba07-c8eb672d1252 Los nuevos senadores es National Library of Spain El Globo 26 November 20221 January 1908 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=bde7a77c-c09e-44fc-b90e-6bc7af82f34a&page=165 Mayo de 1907. Día 5. Elección de Senadores es National Library of Spain El Año Político 26 November 2022 Seats #ddd 550px 500px PC Conservative Party (Spain) 62.78 PL Liberal Party (Spain, 1880) 13.88 SC Catalan Solidarity (1906) 7.78 PDM Monarchist Democratic Party 3.33 CT Traditionalist Communion 1.67 PI Integrist Party 1.67 UR Republican Union (Spain, 1903) 0.56 RAS Radical Republican Party 0.56 INDEP Independent politician 2.78 ARCH Nonpartisan 5.00 Distribution by group + Summary of political group distribution in the 13th Restoration Cortes (1907–1910) Group Parties and alliances C Congress of Deputies S Senate Total PC Conservative Party (PC) 254 110 369 Basque Dynastics (Urquijist) (DV) 1 2 Anti-Liberal Catholic Alliance (ACA) 1 1 PL Liberal Party (PL) 72 25 97 SC Regionalist League (LR) 13 5 52 Federal Republican Party (PRF) 9 3 Traditionalist Communion (Carlist) (CT) 6 3 Republican Union (UR) 5 2 Republican Nationalist Centre (CNR) 4 0 Independents (INDEP) 1 0 Integrist Party (PI) 0 1 UR Republican Union (UR) 15 1 16 PDM Monarchist Democratic Party (PDM) 7 6 13 CT Anti-Liberal Catholic Alliance (ACA) 5 1 11 Traditionalist Communion (Carlist) (CT) 3 2 PI Integrist Party (PI) 2 1 6 Anti-Liberal Catholic Alliance (ACA) 1 1 Catholic League (LC) 0 1 RAS Republican Union (UR) 2 1 3 INDEP Independents (INDEP) 2 4 8 Independent Catholics (CAT) 1 1 ARCH Archbishops (ARCH) 0 9 9 Total 404 180 584 Notes References Bibliography Legislation 30em y Ley mandando que los distritos para las elecciones de Diputados a Cortes sean los que se expresan en la división adjunta Law 1 January 1871 Madrid Gazette es https://boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1871/027/A00217-00232.pdf 21 August 2022 Law of 1 January 1871 y Constitución de la Monarquía Española Constitution 30 June 1876 Madrid Gazette es https://boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1876/184/A00009-00012.pdf 19 August 2022 Constitution 1876 y Ley electoral de Senadores Law 8 February 1877 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1877/041/A00373-00375.pdf 19 August 2022 Law of 8 February 1877 y Ley electoral de los Diputados a Cortes Law 28 December 1878 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1878/364/A00885-00890.pdf 19 August 2022 Law of 28 December 1878 y Ley enumerando los empleos con los cuales es compatible el cargo de Diputado a Cortes Law 7 March 1880 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1880/069/A00623-00623.pdf 15 August 2025 Law of 7 March 1880 y Ley dividiendo la provincia de Guipúzcoa en distritos para la elección de Diputados a Cortes Law 23 June 1885 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1885/175/A00877-00878.pdf 6 May 2023 Law of 23 June 1885 y Ley dividiendo el distrito electoral de Tarrasa en dos, que se denominarán de Tarrasa y de Sabadell Law 18 January 1887 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1887/022/A00211-00211.pdf 6 May 2023 Law of 18 January 1887 y Ley reformando el art. 4º. de la ley de Incompatibilidades Law 31 July 1887 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1887/216/A00347-00347.pdf 15 August 2025 Law of 31 July 1887 y Ley fijando la división de la provincia de Álava en distritos electorales para Diputados a Cortes Law 10 July 1888 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1888/193/A00117-00117.pdf 6 May 2023 Law of 10 July 1888 y Ley electoral para Diputados a Cortes Law 26 June 1890 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1890/180/A00901-00908.pdf 19 August 2022 Law of 26 June 1890 y Ley disponiendo que las primeras y sucesivas elecciones que se verifiquen en la provincia de Zamora se dividirá en siete distritos en la forma que se expresa Law 18 June 1895 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1895/170/A01001-01001.pdf 14 August 2025 Law of 18 June 1895 y Leyes aprobando la división electoral de las provincias de León y Vizcaya Law 2 August 1895 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1895/216/A00457-00458.pdf 6 May 2023 Law of 2 August 1895 y Leyes aprobando la división electoral en las provincias de Sevilla y de Barcelona Law 5 July 1898 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1898/190/A00140-00140.pdf 22 September 2022 Law of 5 July 1898 y Real decreto disponiendo el número de Senadores que han de elegir las provincias que se citan Royal Decree 16 March 1899 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1899/076/A01021-01021.pdf 11 October 2025 Royal Decree of 16 March 1899 y Ley mandando que en lo sucesivo sean cuatro los Diputados a Cortes que elegirá la circunscripción electoral de Cartagena Law 7 August 1899 Madrid Gazette es https://boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1899/222/A00517-00517.pdf 10 October 2022 Law of 7 August 1899 y Ley estableciendo una circunscripción para elegir tres Diputados a Cortes, que la constituirán los cuatro partidos judiciales de Ayamonte, Hueva, Moguer y la Palma, con todas las poblaciones que de ellos forman parte Law 24 March 1902 Madrid Gazette es https://boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1902/086/A01315-01315.pdf 30 October 2022 Law of 24 March 1902 y Ley sancionada por S. M. formando un solo distrito electoral para Diputados a Cortes con los de Las Palmas y Guía Law 5 April 1904 Madrid Gazette es https://boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1904/101/A00131-00131.pdf 1 November 2022 Law of 5 April 1904 y Real decreto declarando disuelto el Congreso de los Diputados y la parte electiva del Senado, y disponiendo que las Cortes se reúnan en Madrid el día 13 de Mayo próximo Royal Decree 30 March 1907 Madrid Gazette es https://boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1907/090/A01201-01201.pdf 18 August 2025 Royal Decree of 30 March 1907 Other 30em Soldevilla Fernando 1906 El Año Político 1905 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=89cf870b-0573-4036-8c0b-fe990b709726&page=1 es Madrid National Library of Spain 25 August 2025 Fernández Almagro Melchor 1943 Las Cortes del siglo XIX y la práctica electoral https://www.cepc.gob.es/sites/default/files/2022-01/6973rep009-010430.pdf Madrid Centre for Political and Constitutional Studies es Revista de Estudios Políticos 9–10 383–419 0048-7694 16 December 2020 Dendle Brian John Galdós in context: The Republican Years, 1907-1914 https://www.cervantesvirtual.com/obra/galdos-in-context-the-republican-years-1907-1914/ Alicante Miguel de Cervantes Virtual Library Anales Galdosianos 21 1986 33–44 0569-9924 Calero Antonio María 1987 La prerrogativa regia en la Restauración: teoría y práctica (1875-1902) https://www.cepc.gob.es/sites/default/files/2021-12/16390repne055275.pdf Madrid Centre for Political and Constitutional Studies es Revista de Estudios Políticos 55 273–315 0048-7694 Ortega Álvarez Luis Santaolaya Machetti Pablo 1996 Evolución histórica del sistema electoral español https://revista.cortesgenerales.es/rcg/article/view/784 es Cortes Generales Revista de las Cortes Generales 37 0213-0130 10.33426/rcg/1996/37/784 65–107 free Martorell Linares Miguel Ángel 1997 La crisis parlamentaria de 1913-1917. 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