1966 Tashkent earthquake

Very strong earthquake in Uzbek SSR 1966 Tashkent earthquake 1966-04-25 23:22:49 848721 iscgem848721 1966 04 26 yes 05:22:49 Uzbekistan 5.1-5.3 w VIII/IX 3-8 km 41.16 69.13 dms type:landmark_region:RO inline, title Soviet Union (Uzbek SSR) 15–200 killed 0.8 g thumb|right | Map Of Tashkent in 1967 and following years showing the earthquake area The 1966 Tashkent earthquake occurred on 26 April in the Uzbek SSR. It had a moment magnitude of 5.2 with an epicenter in central Tashkent at a depth of 3-8 km us. The earthquake caused massive destruction to Tashkent, destroying most of the buildings in the city, killing between 15 and 200 people and leaving between 200,000 and 300,000 homeless. Following the disaster, most of the historic parts of Tashkent had been destroyed and the city was rebuilt, based on Soviet architectural styles.Cowan Janice 2006 A Spy's Wife: The Moscow Memoirs of a Canadian who Witnessed the End of the Cold War https://books.google.com/books?id=YIcLN_y73I0C&pg=PA74 James Lorimer & Company 74 978-1-55028-931-2Schwartz Stephen 2008 The Other Islam: Sufism and the Road to Global Harmony https://books.google.com/books?id=S_U-S9cgKGIC&pg=PA222 Crown Publishing Group 222 978-0-385-52665-4 Soviet authorities created an institute of seismology in order to forecast future earthquakes. Background Tashkent and its immediate vicinity are in a seismically active zone, and 74 earthquakes of a magnitude between 3 and 6 had been recorded from 1914 to 1966.Bubis I.I. September 1966 Engineering analysis of the aftereffects of the Tashkent earthquake, April 26, 1966 Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering 3 5 339–344 10.1007/BF01706148 1966SMFE....3..339B 112220850 The city had been damaged by earthquakes in 1866 and 1886.Adle Chahryar 2005 History of Civilizations of Central Asia: Towards the contemporary period : from the mid-nineteenth to the end of the twentieth century https://books.google.com/books?id=XPfcfF8LRWQC&pg=PA830 UNESCO 830 9789231039850 Concerns about possible earthquake damage to the city were raised in the 1940s and 1950s, especially after Ashgabat was devastated in an earthquake in 1948.Stronski Paul 2010 Tashkent: Forging a Soviet City, 1930–1966 https://books.google.com/books?id=pvu5DyZyhIIC&pg=PA159 University of Pittsburgh Press 159–160 978-0-8229-7389-8 Before the Tashkent earthquake, an increase in radon levels had been noticed.Cothern C.Richard 1987 Environmental Radon https://books.google.com/books?id=K7WvwZlc72MC&pg=PA53 Environmental Science Research 35 978-0-306-42707-7 Earthquake The earthquake occurred at 05:23Lovell-Hoare Sophie 2013 Uzbekistan https://books.google.com/books?id=qF6PJda90gYC&pg=PA100 Bradt Travel Guides 100 978-1-84162-461-7 Agrawal Premendra 2012 Silent Assassins Jan11,1966 https://books.google.com/books?id=fQoVBQAAQBAJ&pg=PT308 Agrawal Overseas 291 9789350878453 at the very shallow (and therefore more destructive) depth of 3-8 km us with its epicentre in the centre of the city.Shoumatoff Nicholas 2000 Around the Roof of the World https://books.google.com/books?id=CH8GDajjZmkC&pg=PA186 University of Michigan Press 186 978-0-472-08669-6 The quake caused massive destruction to property. In total, over 80% of the city was destroyed,Christensen Anna 22 January 1984 New Old collide in Tashkent https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=336&dat=19840122&id=upg_AAAAIBAJ&pg=7153,2221056 Deseret News 3 December 2014 including over half of the old city.United Nations. Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific 2003 The Ground Beneath Our Feet: A Factor in Urban Planning, Volume 14 of Atlas of urban geology https://books.google.com/books?id=LtQKcaXeztwC&pg=PA112 United Nations Publications 110 9789211201543 June 2023 InternetArchiveBot yes In total, between 78,000Sadikov A C Akramob Z. M. Bazarbaev A. Mirzlaev T.M. Adilov S. R. Baimukhamedov X. N. Geographical Atlas of Tashkent (Ташкент Географический Атлас) 1984 Moscow Russian 60, 64 etal and 95,000 homes were destroyed.Ruthven Malise 2004 Historical Atlas of Islam https://archive.org/details/historicalatlaso00mali registration Harvard University Press 145 978-0-674-01385-8 Most of these were traditional adobe housing in more densely populated central areas.http://iisee.kenken.go.jp/net/hara/uzbekistan/DamageForBuildings.htm Damage for buildings of different type Nurtaev Bakhtiar 199 Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan 4 December 2014 4 October 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20181004002243/http://iisee.kenken.go.jp/net/hara/uzbekistan/DamageForBuildings.htm dead The majority of the most significant buildings in Tashkent were destroyed; this included 600-year-old mosques.Rall Ted 2006 Silk Road to Ruin: Is Central Asia the New Middle East? https://archive.org/details/silkroadtoruinis0000rall registration NBM 141 978-1-56163-454-5 Most of these buildings predated the Russian Revolution of 1917. title unknown https://books.google.com/books?id=3jAgAQAAMAAJ Science Journal 4 1968 74 However, only Navoi Theater, which was built by Japanese prisoners of war was unharmed.Katsumi Akai『Okayama zatsugaku nōto』Kibitoshuppan 2000　p.118-121https://japan.kantei.go.jp/97_abe/actions/201511/09article5.html Award Ceremony and Celebration for the Monodzukuri Nippon (Japan's Manufacturing) Grand Award 2019-06-06 Prime Minister of Japan and His Cabinethttps://www.mofa.go.jp/erp/ca_c/uz/page3e_000402.html Japan-Uzbekistan Relations 2019-06-06 Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Japan) Estimates of those made homeless by the disaster ranged from 200,000Bunich Igor 2004 НЛО: Операция "Троянский конь" Секретные материалы https://books.google.com/books?id=jm7fbww9gg4C&pg=PA182 Olma Media Group 182 9789211201543 to 300,000.Schmemann Serge 21 March 1984 Big tremor rocks Central Asia area https://www.nytimes.com/1984/03/21/world/big-tremor-rocks-central-asia-area.html The New York Times 3 December 2014 While the official death toll was 15 people this figure may be an underestimate due to Soviet secrecyHutchings Ramond 1988 Soviet Secrecy and Non-secrecy https://books.google.com/books?id=M7TNFltedGgC&pg=PA70 Rowman & Littlefield 70 978-0-389-20754-2Huxley Michael 1973 title unknown https://books.google.com/books?id=h5s6AQAAIAAJ The Geographical Magazine 46 411 and other sources estimated death tolls ranging from 200 people to 0.5%Stoltman Joseph 2007 International Perspectives on Natural Disasters: Occurrence, Mitigation, and Consequences: Occurrence, Mitigation, and Consequences, Volume 21 of Advances in natural and technological hazards research https://books.google.com/books?id=94q9GgFtjYoC&pg=PA435 Springer Science & Business Media 435 978-1-4020-2851-9 of the city's population of 1,100,000.Roscoe Wright James 1971 Industrialized Building in the Soviet Union: (a Report of the U.S. Delegation to the U.S.S.R.) https://books.google.com/books?id=DZQ9AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA15 U.S. Government Printing Office 15 9789211201543 Over 20% more women than men were killed. Aftermath In the immediate aftermath of the disaster, senior Soviet figures, including CPSU Chairman Leonid Brezhnev, flew to Tashkent to supervise the recovery efforts. A massive rebuilding project was started, with other Soviet republics sending large numbers of workers to assist in the rebuilding process.Hanks Reuel 2005 Central Asia: A Global Studies Handbook https://archive.org/details/centralasiagloba0000hank registration ABC-CLIO 32 978-1-85109-656-5 This changed the ethnic make up of the city, as many of them remained in Tashkent after the work had been completed. The new Tashkent contained architectural styles found in other Soviet cities such as wide boulevards and large apartment block complexes. By 1970, 100,000 new homes had been constructed. The earthquake also resulted in increased religiosity, with increased interest in many Islamic ritual practices.Ramet Sabina 1989 Religion and Nationalism in Soviet and East European Politics https://books.google.com/books?id=50GTIhntKvYC&pg=PA205 Duke University Press 205 978-0-8223-0891-1 To prevent further such disasters from having such a serious impact on the city, in 1966 Soviet authorities created an Institute of seismology, tasked with monitoring seismic changes, such as changes in radon levels and predicting earthquakes.Lee William 2003 International Handbook of Earthquake & Engineering Seismology, Part 2, Volume 81, Part 2 of International Geophysics https://books.google.com/books?id=qWmwnHIW5HUC&pg=PA1465 Academic Press 1465 978-0-08-048923-0 A memorial stone to victims of the earthquake located above the epicentre was unveiled in 1976. See also Tashkent List of earthquakes in 1966 References Seismic hazard assessment in Central Asia: Outcomes from a site approach D. Bindi K. Abdrakhmatov S. Parolai M. Mucciarelli G. Grünthald A. Ischukf N. Mikhailova J. Zschau 2012 Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 37 10.1016/j.soildyn.2012.01.016 7 2012SDEE...37...84B http://gfzpublic.gfz-potsdam.de/pubman/item/escidoc:245489 ISC-GEM Global Instrumental Earthquake Catalogue (1900–2009) http://www.isc.ac.uk/iscgem/index.php ISC 27 June 2022 International Seismological Centre Version 9.1 Further reading The Tashkent Earthquake of 1966: The Advantages and Disadvantages of a Natural Tragedy Jahrbücher für Geschichte Osteuropas 62 2 273–294 Raab Nigel 2014 10.25162/jgo-2014-0012 43819634 252454991 Category:20th century in Tashkent Category:Earthquakes in Uzbekistan Category:1966 earthquakes Category:1966 in Uzbekistan Category:Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic Category:Earthquakes in the Soviet Union Category:April 1966 in Asia Category:1966 disasters in the Soviet Union