1991 Zambian general election

none Zambia 1964 yes Presidential election presidential 1988 Zambian general election 1988 1996 Zambian general election 1996 31 October 1991 45.31% Frederick Chiluba on February 3, 1994 (cropped).jpg Frederick Chiluba Movement for Multi-Party Democracy 972,605 75.77% Kenneth David Kaunda.jpg Kenneth Kaunda United National Independence Party 311,022 24.23% 1991 Zambian parliamentary election (results by constituency).svg Results by National Assembly constituency President Kenneth Kaunda United National Independence Party Frederick Chiluba Movement for Multi-Party Democracy General elections were held in Zambia on 31 October 1991 to elect a President and National Assembly. They were the first multi-party elections since 1968, and only the second multi-party elections since independence in 1964. The United National Independence Party (UNIP), which had led the country since independence (from 1973 to 1990 as the sole legal party), was comprehensively beaten by the Movement for Multi-Party Democracy (MMD).Bratton Michael 1992 Zambia Starts Over https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/1/article/225530 Journal of Democracy 3 2 81–94 1086-3214 Kenneth Kaunda, who had been president since independence, was defeated in a landslide by MMD challenger Frederick Chiluba in the presidential elections, whilst the MMD won 125 of the 150 elected seats in the expanded National Assembly. Voter turnout was 45%.Zambia: 1991 National Assembly national election results EISA Background In 1973 Kaunda had declared UNIP the only legally permitted party in Zambia. From then until 1990, the government and UNIP were effectively one. Every five years, Kaunda was automatically elected to a five-year term as president by virtue of being leader of UNIP. Voters also chose between three UNIP candidates for each of the 125 seats in the National Assembly. However, by the summer of 1990 discontent had built to a fever pitch. In July, following three days of riots in Lusaka, Kaunda announced a referendum on the single-party system would be held in October. This was not enough to prevent disgruntled army officer Mwamba Luchembe from launching a coup attempt within a few hours of the announcement. However, it was broken after about three to four hours.Failed Zambia Coup Weakens Leader New York Times, 1 July 1990 After the coup attempt, the opposition contended that the original date for the referendum did not allow enough time to register voters. In response, Kaunda delayed the referendum until August 1991.Zambia's Leader Announces Plan to Free 1,000 Prisoners New York Times, 26 July 1990 Kaunda had vehemently opposed a multiparty system, claiming it would cause violence and inflame tribal divisions. However, in response to demands from the opposition, he cancelled the referendum in September and instead gave his support to constitutional amendments that would end UNIP's monopoly on power. He also announced that the general elections scheduled for 1993 would be brought forward to 1991.Zambia Leader Assents To Multiparty Vote New York Times, 25 September 1990 Kaunda signed the necessary amendments into law in December. Soon afterward, the Movement for Multi-Party Democracy, a pressure group created earlier in the year under the leadership of Zambia Congress of Trade Unions chairman Chiluba, registered as a political party.After 17 Years, Zambia Allows Opposition New York Times, 18 December 1990 Results President Frederick Chiluba Movement for Multi-Party Democracy 972605 Kenneth Kaunda United National Independence Party 311022 41531 2924505 Electoral CommissionElection Results Index http://www.elections.org.zm/electresultindex.html https://web.archive.org/web/20010408013123/http://www.elections.org.zm/electresultindex.html 8 April 2001 Electoral Commission of Zambia National Assembly 1991 Zambian general election by constituency File:National Assembly of Zambia 1991.svg Movement for Multi-Party Democracy 935705 125 New United National Independence Party 315758 25 –100 National Democratic Alliance 1695 0 New National Democratic Party 803 0 New Democratic Party 120 0 New Independents 10091 0 New Presidential appointees 8 –2 Appointed Speaker 1 0 45903 +23 2879111 Electoral Commission See also List of members of the National Assembly of Zambia (1991–96) References General Category:Parliamentary elections in Zambia Zambia Category:Presidential elections in Zambia Zambia