10th Aerospace Defense Group

June 2013 May 2020 10th Aerospace Defense Group center|60px Program 437 2.PNG 300px WS 437 Thor missile at Vandenberg AFB Squadron: 1962–1967; 1970–1979; 1992–1997Group: 1967–1970 United States 23px USA Air Defense Aerospace Defense Command 1962–1979Pacific Air Forces 1992–1997 Caveat Aggressor Latin Aggressor Beware (1963–1967) Island Defender (1992–1997) PGM-17 Thor Air Force Outstanding Unit Award 150px 10 Air Defense Squadron emblem 150px 10th Aerospace Defense Group emblem 150px 10th Aerospace Defense Squadron emblemOn a light blue triangle within a wide Air Force yellow border edged and shaded Air Force Blue, originating from top of triangle curving through center facing viewer's left an Air Force Blue scorpion, claws extended grasping 2 white missiles edged and detailed black issuing diagonally one from right base, one from left pointing to center toward scorpion. Overall ten white stars edged black placed in an inverted stylized pattern of the Scorpius constellation. At base Air Force yellow border forms a scroll inscribed "Caveat Aggressor" in red capital letters. Approved 21 November 1963. Bailey. The light blue background is the limitless sky. The ten stars placed in a Scorpius constellation formation over a scorpion alludes to a Greek mythological legend and is symbolic of deadly powers. The missiles held by the scorpion and the motto "Beware Aggressor" refer to the mission of the squadron. The colors blue and golden yellow are the Air Force colors. The 10th Aerospace Defense Group was inactivated on 31 December 1970 by the United States Air Force (USAF). Its last assignment was with Fourteenth Aerospace Force at Vandenberg Air Force Base, California. The 10th Aerospace Defense Group and Squadron were the sole operators of the United States' second nuclear-tipped anti-satellite weapon, Weapons System 437 (WS-437). For this reason the squadron continues the group history through temporary bestowal. The United States Air Force's 10th Air Defense Squadron is also an inactive USAF organization, that preceded and followed the 10th group at Vandenberg as the 10th Aerospace Defense Squadron. Once WS-437 became non-operational in the 1970s, the squadron assumed the mission of launching Defense Meteorological Satellite Program satellites into orbit until its mission was transferred. It was later activated an air defense unit and from 1992 to 1997 was located at Wheeler AFS, Hawaii. History Space mission Anti-satellite defense The 10th Aerospace Defense Squadron was activated in late 1963Cornett & Johnson, p. 149 to operate Weapons System 437, using nuclear equipped Thor missiles. The squadron was located at Vandenberg Air Force Base, California, but launch facilities were at Johnston Island Air Force Base. Two missiles were stationed at each location. In 1961, Air Force Systems Command (AFSC) had formed the 6595th Test Squadron to perform operational testing on the system. As the program approached operational status, AFSC transferred the 6595th to Air Defense Command (ADC)In January 1968 Air Defense Command became Aerospace Defense Command. in November 1962. ADC discontinued the test squadron and used its personnel and equipment to activate the 10th Aerospace Defense Squadronhttp://www.airforcehistoryindex.org/data/000/425/438.xml Abstract, History 1st Strategic Aerospace Division Jul–Dec 1963 Air Force History Index dead 29 June 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20140316010742/http://www.airforcehistoryindex.org/data/000/425/438.xml 16 March 2014 The group replaced the squadron in 1967.Cornett & Johnson, p. 69 The Johnston Island location was upgraded to a subordinate squadron at the same time.Cornett & Johnson, p. 150 Defense Meteorological Satellite Program At the end of 1970, the 10th Squadron replaced the group and the 24th Aerospace Defense Squadron. WS 437 was put into standby status with the squadron maintaining system components. The squadron then changed its mission to support of the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP).See http://www.airforcehistoryindex.org/data/001/016/142.xml Abstract, History of 14th Aerospace Force, Jul–Sep 1976 Air Force History Index 9 June 2013 The organization's complete history is classified Secret http://airforcehistoryindex.org/data/000/425/801.xml Abstract (Unclassified), 9th Aerospace Defense Division History Jul–Dec 1967 (Secret) Air Force History Index 9 June 2013 The DMSP mission was performed by Strategic Air Command until it was transferred to ADC in 1970.Hall, p. 33 The DMSP generates terrestrial and space weather data for United States operational forces worldwide. Data from this program is also furnished to the civilian community through the Department of Commerce. DMSP satellites circle the Earth at an altitude of about 500 miles in a near-polar, Sun-synchronous orbit.https://www.losangeles.spaceforce.mil/?id=5321 Factsheet, Defense Meteorological Satellite Program 1 October 2009 Los Angeles AFB live 29 June 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20130713225550/http://www.losangeles.af.mil/library/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=5321 13 July 2013 The Block 5 DMSP satellites launched during the time the squadron was active used Thor launchers (similar to those used by WS 437) to boost them into orbit.Hall, p. 24 In 1979, the squadron was inactivated when responsibility for management of the DMSP program was transferred to Space Division of AFSC. Unfortunately, the squadron remained responsible for operational DMSP launches, "the [AFSC] program office authorized launch of the last Block 5C satellite on 19 February 1976 with incorrect weight-to-propellant-loading calculations. Launched from Vandenberg Air Force Base, the Thor/Burner II booster rose majestically through the atmosphere, reached the edge of space, exhausted its propellant, and the DMSP satellite whistled back to Earth—a total loss."Hall, pp. 21–22 Air defense in Hawaii In 1992, the 10th squadron was again activated as the 10th Air Defense Squadron, replacing the 6010th Aerospace Defense Group at Wheeler Air Force Base when the USAF eliminated or redesignated all existing MAJCON (major command controlled) four digit units. The 6010th had been formed by upgrading the 6010th Aerospace Defense Flight in 1989 when the 327th Air Division was inactivated.http://www.airforcehistoryindex.org/data/001/104/737.xml Abstract, History 6010 Aerospace Defense Group 16 Dec-31 Dec 1989 Air Force History Index dead 29 June 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20140316011435/http://www.airforcehistoryindex.org/data/001/104/737.xml 16 March 2014 http://www.airforcehistoryindex.org/data/001/104/617.xml Abstract, History 15th Air Base Wing CY 1989 Air Force History Index 29 June 2013 The squadron coordinated air defense activities in Hawaii with the Hawaii Air National Guard and maintained operational control of Air National Guard alert aircraft. The squadron supervised aircraft control and warning units within the Pacific Islands Defense Region, directing aircraft operations and defense activities from its Air Defense Control Center. http://www.airforcehistoryindex.org/data/001/104/629.xml Abstract, History 15th Air Base Wing CY 1992 Air Force History Index 9 June 2013 The squadron continued these activities until it was inactivated in 1997. Lineage 10th Aerospace Defense Group Constituted as the 10th Aerospace Defense Group in 1966 and activated (not organized) Organized on 1 January 1967 Inactivated on 31 December 1970 10th Air Defense Squadron Constituted as the 10th Aerospace Defense Squadron on 24 October 1963 (not organized) Organized on 15 November 1963 Inactivated on 1 January 1967 Activated on 31 December 1970 Inactivated 1 November 1979 Redesignated 10th Air Defense Squadron Activated on 1 April 1992 Inactivated on 30 September 1997Bailey Carl E. Lineage and Honors History of 10th Air Defense Squadron 21 April 2009 http://www.zianet.com/jpage/FOIA200900266F.pdf https://www.webcitation.org/5gp2VqCN5?url=http://www.zianet.com/jpage/FOIA200900266F.pdf 16 May 2009 dead 13 May 2009 Assignments 10th Aerospace Defense Group Air Defense Command 1966 9th Aerospace Defense Division, 1 January 1967 Fourteenth Aerospace Force, 1 July 1968 – 31 December 1970 10th Air Defense Squadron Air Defense Command 24 October 1963 (not organized until 15 November 1963) 9th Aerospace Defense Division, 1 August 1964 – 1 January 1967 Fourteenth Aerospace Force, 31 December 1970 Aerospace Defense Command 1 October 1976 – 1 November 1979 15th Operations Group: 13 April 1992 – 30 September 1997 Components 10th Aerospace Defense Group 24th Aerospace Support Squadron (later 24th Support Squadron, 24th Aerospace Defense Squadron), 1 January 1967 – 31 December 1970 Stationed at Johnston Island Air Force Base Stations 10th Aerospace Group Vandenberg Air Force Base, California: 1 January 1967 – 31 December 1970 10th Air Defense Squadron Vandenberg Air Force Base, California: 15 November 1963 – 1 January 1967 Vandenberg Air Force Base, California: 31 December 1970 – 1 November 1979 Wheeler Air Force Station (later Wheeler Army Airfield), Hawaii: 13 April 1992 – 30 September 1997 Commanders Col Charles E. Minihan, November 1963 – 1965 Col William H. Joyner, 30 July 1965 – 1 January 1967 Awards AF OUA Air Force Outstanding Unit Award 15 November 1963 – 15 April 1966 10th Aerospace Defense SquadronAF Pamphlet 900-2, p. 92 AF OUA Air Force Outstanding Unit Award 1 July 1966 – 1 January 1967 10th Aerospace Defense Squadron AF OUA Air Force Outstanding Unit Award 2 January 1967 – 1 July 1968 10th Aerospace Defense Group AF OUA Air Force Outstanding Unit Award 13 April 1992 – 30 June 1993 10th Air Defense SquadronAir Force Awards Programs (searchable database retrieved 9 June 2013) AF OUA Air Force Outstanding Unit Award 1 October 1996 – 30 September 1997 10th Air Defense Squadron Missiles Thor 1962–1979 See also References Notes Explanatory notes note Footnotes Bibliography Cornett Lloyd H Johnson, Mildred W A Handbook of Aerospace Defense Organization, 1946 – 1980 http://www.usafpatches.com/pubs/handbookofadcorg.pdf 1980 Office of History, Aerospace Defense Center Peterson AFB, CO 23 December 2011 13 February 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160213173347/http://www.usafpatches.com/pubs/handbookofadcorg.pdf dead Hall R. Cargill A History of the Military Polar Orbiting Meteorological Satellite Program http://www.nro.gov/history/csnr/programs/docs/prog-hist-02.pdf 29 June 2013 2001 National Reconnaissance Office https://web.archive.org/web/20130217074535/http://www.nro.gov/history/csnr/programs/docs/prog-hist-02.pdf 17 February 2013 dead AF Pamphlet 900-2, Unit Decorations, Awards and Campaign Participation Credits https://web.archive.org/web/20150804134135/http://www.usafpatches.com/pubs/AFP900-2Vol1Bk1.pdf 4 August 2015 Department of the Air Force, Washington, DC, 15 Jun 71 Further reading Leonard Barry History of Strategic Air and Ballistic Missile Defense http://www.history.army.mil/html/books/bmd/BMDV2.pdf II, 1955–1972 2009 Center for Military History Fort McNair, DC 978-1-43792-131-1 14 July 2012 16 December 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20191216135402/https://history.army.mil/html/books/bmd/BMDV2.pdf dead collapsed 0010 0010 Category:Military units and formations established in 1966 Category:Military units and formations in California Air Defense 0010 Category:1963 establishments in California Category:1970 disestablishments in California