1891 Spanish general election

none February 2023 1891 Spanish general election Spain 1785 parliamentary no 1886 Spanish general election 1886 1893 Spanish general election 1893 All 446 seats in the Congress of Deputies and 180 (of 360) seats in the Senate224 seats needed for a majority in the Congress of Deputies 4,800,000 1 February 1891 (Congress)15 February 1891 (Senate) 170x170px Antonio Cánovas del Castillo Conservative Party (Spain) 1874 Cieza 70 D Congress of Deputies33 S Senate 284 D Congress of Deputies114 S Senate 10px 214 D Congress of Deputies10px 81 S Senate 170x170px Práxedes Mateo Sagasta Liberal Party (Spain, 1880) 1880 Logroño 321 D Congress of Deputies125 S SenateResults for PL (309 deputies and 123 senators) and ID (12 deputies and 2 senators) in the 1886 election. 100 D Congress of Deputies40 S Senate 10px 221 D Congress of Deputies10px 85 S Senate 170x170px Francisco Romero Robledo Liberal Reformist Party (Spain) 1886 Antequera 11 D Congress of Deputies4 S Senate 17 D Congress of Deputies8 S Senate 10px 6 D Congress of Deputies10px 4 S Senate 170x170px Emilio Castelar Republican Coalition (Spain, 1891) 1879 Huesca 15 D Congress of Deputies6 S SenateResults for PDP (11 deputies and 4 senators), PLRP (3 deputies and 1 senator), PRF (1 deputy and 0 senators) and PLA (0 deputies and 1 senator) in the 1886 election. 15 D Congress of Deputies1 S Senate 10px 0 D Congress of Deputies10px 5 S Senate 170x170px Manuel Ruiz Zorrilla Progressive 1880 Barcelona 10 D Congress of Deputies1 S Senate 12 D Congress of Deputies0 S Senate 10px 2 D Congress of Deputies10px 1 S Senate 170x170px Cristino Martos Martists 1890 Orgaz Did not contest 8 D Congress of Deputies1 S Senate 10px 8 D Congress of Deputies10px 1 S Senate Prime Minister Prime Minister after election Antonio Cánovas del Castillo Conservative Party (Spain) Antonio Cánovas del Castillo Conservative Party (Spain) A general election was held in Spain on 1 February 1891 (for the Congress of Deputies), and on 15 February 1891 (for the Senate), to elect the members of the 5th es Cortes no under the Spanish Constitution of 1876, during the Restoration period. All 442 seats in the Congress of Deputies—plus four special districts—were up for election, as well as 180 of 360 seats in the Senate. Following a 1890 reform of the electoral law that saw a change from the previous censitary suffrage to a universal manhood suffrage, the electorate was extended to about 27.3% of the country's population.Caballero Domínguez 1999 50 Since the Pact of El Pardo, an informal system known as es turno or es turnismo was operated by the monarchy and the country's two main parties—the Conservatives and the Liberals—to determine in advance the outcome of elections by means of electoral fraud, often achieved through the territorial clientelistic networks of local bosses (the es caciques), ensuring that both parties would have rotating periods in power. As a result, elections were often neither truly free nor fair, though they could be more competitive in the country's urban centres where caciquism was weaker. The election saw a large parliamentary majority for the Conservative Party after Antonio Cánovas del Castillo's return to power in July 1890, following the end of the Liberal "turn" of government between 1885 and 1890. Background The 1885–1890 Liberal government of Práxedes Mateo Sagasta (later to be known as the "Long Government" or "Long Parliament", in reference to it being the only one during the Restoration period to last its full five year-term)Martínez Ruiz Maqueda Abreu De Diego 1999 111 had seen the introduction of many liberalizing reforms: the 1886 abolition of patronage removed the last vestiges of slavery in Cuba; the 1887 Associations Law allowed the establishment of trade unions such as the General Union of Workers (UGT), as well as the celebration of associative congresses and meetings; the 1888 Jury Law favoured freedom of press by ending prior censorship and taking the jurisdiction over crimes such as slander and defamation away from the military; and the 1889 Civil Code which, coupled with the Administrative Procedure Law and the 1888 Administrative Litigation Law (also dubbed in Spanish as Ley Santamaría de Paredes), codified and structured the existing civil and administrative laws.Martínez Relanzón 2017 146Montagut Eduardo 24 November 2016 https://www.nuevatribuna.es/articulo/historia/gobierno-sagasta-1885-1890/20161124135546134122.html El Gobierno de Sagasta (1885-1890) es Nueva Tribuna 21 August 2022De la Santa Cinta Joaquín 16 August 2017 https://elcorreodepozuelo.com/2017/08/16/presidentes-del-consejo-ministros-la-regencia-maria-cristina-habsburgo-lorena-praxedes-mateo-sagasta/ Presidentes del Consejo de Ministros durante la Regencia de María Cristina de Habsburgo-Lorena: Práxedes Mateo Sagasta es El Correo de Pozuelo 4 May 2023 Finally, the approval of a new electoral law in 1890 reinstated universal manhood suffrage in Spain, definitely repealing censitary suffrage for all forthcoming elections and extending the political franchise from about 5% of the population to nearly 25%.Caballero Domínguez 1999 50 Other changes included a simplification of the electoral process as well as the removal of the system allowing deputies to be elected through cumulative voting.Fernández Almagro 1943 412–413Law of 26 June 1890 Sagasta was dismissed by Queen Regent Maria Christina—nearly at the end of his five year-mandate—in the context of the "hunch crisis" (es no crisis de la corazonada), referred to as such based on a comment from General Arsenio Martínez Campos claiming to have the "hunch" that the Liberals' days in power were numbered, amid rumours of the opposition threatening to unveil a scandal that could hurt Sagasta's reputation or that of his family.Sampedro Escolar 2013 152 Under the provisions of the Pact of El Pardo, this paved the way for the next "turn" of government under the Conservatives of Antonio Cánovas del Castillo, who assumed office in July 1890 and started preparations for the general election that was to provide the new government with a parliamentary majority. Overview Under the 1876 Constitution, the Spanish es Cortes no were conceived as "co-legislative bodies", forming a nearly perfect bicameral system.Constitution 1876 arts. 18–19 & 41. Both the Congress of Deputies and the Senate exercised legislative, oversight and budgetary functions, sharing almost equal powers, except in budget laws (taxation and public credit)—whose first reading corresponded to Congress—and in impeachment processes against government ministers, where Congress handled indictment and the Senate the trial.Constitution 1876 arts. 38, 42 & 45.https://www.senado.es/web/conocersenado/temasclave/historiaconstitucional/index.html Conocer el Senado. Temas clave. El Senado en la historia constitucional española es Senate of Spain 11 October 2025 Date The term of each chamber of the es Cortes no—the Congress and one-half of the elective part of the Senate—expired five years from the date of their previous election, unless they were dissolved earlier.Constitution 1876 arts. 24 & 30. The previous elections were held on 4 April 1886 for the Congress and on 25 April 1886 for the Senate, which meant that the chambers' terms would have expired on 4 and 25 April 1891, respectively. The monarch had the prerogative to dissolve both chambers at any given time—either jointly or separately—and call a snap election.Constitution 1876 art. 32; Law of 8 February 1877 art. 11. There was no constitutional requirement for concurrent elections to the Congress and the Senate, nor for the elective part of the Senate to be renewed in its entirety except in the case that a full dissolution was agreed by the monarch. Still, there was only one case of a separate election (for the Senate in 1877) and no half-Senate elections taking place under the 1876 Constitution. The es Cortes no were officially dissolved on 29 December 1890, with the corresponding decree setting election day for 1 February (Congress) and 15 February 1891 (Senate) and scheduling for both chambers to reconvene on 2 March.Royal Decree of 29 December 1890 arts. 1–3. Electoral system Voting for the Congress of Deputies was based on universal manhood suffrage—introduced by the electoral law of 1890—comprising all Spanish national males over 25 years of age with full civil rights, provided they had two years of residence in a Spanish municipality and were not enlisted ranks in active duty.Law of 26 June 1890 art. 1.Ortega Álvarez Santaolaya Machetti 1996 88García Muñoz 2002 106–107Carreras de Odriozola Tafunell Sambola 2005 1077 In the Spanish West Indies (Cuba and Puerto Rico), voting was based on censitary suffrage, comprising Spanish males of voting age who met either of the following:Law of 28 December 1878 arts. 14–19, 142 & 147.López Domínguez 1976 434–435 & 443Roldán de Montaud 1999 249 & 269–270García Muñoz 2002 107 Being taxpayers with a minimum quota of Pts 125 ($25) in property taxes (paid one year in advance) or in corporate taxes (paid two years in advance); Holding specific positions (such as full academics in the royal academies, cathedral chapter members and parish priests, active public employees with a salary of Pts 2,000, retired public employees, general officers, awarded painters or sculptors, senior court officials and certified teachers); Meeting the two-year residence requirement while proving a professional qualification. Former Cuban slaves were barred from voting until three years after becoming freedmen. Additional restrictions excluded those deprived of political rights or barred from public office by a final sentence, criminally imprisoned or convicted, legally incapacitated, bankrupt, public debtors, and homeless.Law of 28 December 1878 arts. 8, 20, 143 & 147; Law of 26 June 1890 art. 2.Roldán de Montaud 1999 249 The Congress of Deputies had one seat per 50,000 inhabitants. Of these, those corresponding to larger urban areas were elected in multi-member constituencies using partial block voting: voters in constituencies electing eight seats or more could choose up to three candidates less than the number of seats at stake; in those with between four and eight seats, up to two less; and in those with between one and four seats, up to one less. The remaining seats were elected in single-member districts by plurality voting and distributed among the provinces of Spain according to population.Constitution 1876 arts. 27–28; Law of 26 June 1890 arts. 21–22Ortega Álvarez Santaolaya Machetti 1996 89 The 1890 electoral law abolished cumulative voting and introduced special districts, granting universities, economic societies of Friends of the Country and officially organized chambers of commerce, industry and agriculture, one seat per 5,000 registered voters.Law of 26 June 1890 art. 24. Cuba and Puerto Rico were allocated 30 and 15 seats, respectively.Law of 28 December 1878 arts. 2, 139 & 147 (suppl. supplemented by Decree of 1 April 1871 art. 2); Royal Decree of 18 December 1890 art. 1.Roldán de Montaud 1999 250 & 269–270 As a result of the aforementioned allocation, 339 single-member districts (including four special districts) were established, and each Congress multi-member constituency (a total of 31, electing 107 seats) was entitled the following seats:Seat allocation:Peninsular Spain and archipelagos: Law of 26 June 1890 trans. prov. 1 (suppl. supplemented by Law of 1 January 1871 art. 1 & attached table, and Law of 28 December 1878 arts. 2–3; am. amended by Law of 21 March 1883, Law of 23 June 1885, Law of 18 January 1887, and Law of 10 July 1888). Spanish West Indies: Law of 28 December 1878 arts. 2–3, 139 & 147 (suppl. supplemented by Decree of 1 April 1871 art. 2–3 & attached table); Royal Decree of 18 December 1890 art. 1 & attached table. Seats Constituencies 8 Madrid 6 Havanared (−2) 5 Barcelona, Palma 4 Santa Clarared (−1), Seville 3 Alicante, Almería, Badajoz, Burgos, Cádiz, Cartagena, Córdoba, Granada, Jaén, Jerez de la Frontera, La Coruña, Lugo, Málaga, Matanzas, Murcia, Oviedo, Pamplona, Pinar del Río, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Santander, Santiago de Cubared (−1), Tarragona, Valencia, Valladolid, Zaragoza Voting for the elective part of the Senate was also based on censitary suffrage, comprising Spanish male householders of voting age, residing in a Spanish municipality, with full political and civil rights, who met either of the following:Law of 8 February 1877 arts. 1–3, 12–13, 23 & 25. Being qualified electors (such as archbishops, bishops and cathedral chapter members, in the archdioceses; full academics, in the royal academies; university authorities and professors, in the universities; or provincial deputies); Being elected as delegates (either by members with three years of seniority (in the economic societies of Friends of the Country; or by major taxpayers for direct taxes and local authorities, in the local councils). 180 Senate seats were elected using indirect, two-round majority voting. Delegates chosen by local councils—each of which was assigned an initial minimum of one delegate, with one additional delegate for every six councillors—voted for senators together with provincial deputies. The provinces of Álava, Albacete, Ávila, Biscay, Cuenca, Guadalajara, Guipúzcoa, Huelva, Logroño, Matanzas, Palencia, Pinar del Río, Puerto Príncipe, Santa Clara, Santander, Santiago de Cuba, Segovia, Soria, Teruel, Valladolid and Zamora were allocated two seats each, and the rest three each, for a total of 147. The remaining 33 seats were allocated to special institutional districts (one each), including major archdioceses, royal academies, universities, and economic societies,The following were considered as the major districts in each category:Archdioceses: Burgos, Granada, Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Cuba, Seville, Tarragona, Toledo, Valencia, Valladolid, and Zaragoza. Royal academies: Spanish; History; Fine Arts of San Fernando; Exact, Physical and Natural Sciences; Moral and Political Sciences; and Medicine. Universities: Madrid, Barcelona, Granada, Havana, Oviedo, Salamanca, Santiago, Seville, Valencia, Valladolid, and Zaragoza. Economic societies of Friends of the Country: Madrid, Barcelona, Havana–Puerto Rico, León, Seville, and Valencia. each elected by their own qualified electors or delegates.Constitution 1876 arts. 20–21; Law of 8 February 1877 arts. 1–2, 21–22, 30–31, 53 & add. art.; Law of 9 January 1879 arts. 1–3; Royal Decree of 30 June 1881.Carreras de Odriozola Tafunell Sambola 2005 1083 Another 180 seats consisted of senators in their own right (such as the monarch's offspring and the heir apparent once coming of age (16), grandees of Spain with an income of Pts 60,000, certain general officers—captain generals and admirals—the Patriarch of the Indies and archbishops, and the heads of higher courts and state institutions"State" These comprised the Council of State, the Supreme Court, the Court of Auditors and the Supreme Council of War and Navy. after two years of service), as well as senators for life directly appointed by the monarch.Constitution 1876 arts. 20–21, 66 & 71. The law provided for by-elections to fill vacant seats during the legislative term. At least two vacancies were required to trigger a by-election in Congress multi-member constituencies.Law of 8 February 1877 arts. 56–59; Law of 28 December 1878 arts. 110–113 & 146–147; Law of 26 June 1890 arts. 73–76. Candidates Nomination rules For the Congress, secular Spanish males of voting age, with full civil rights, could run for election. Causes of ineligibility applied to those excluded from voting or meeting any of the incompatibility rules for deputies, and to former slaves in Cuba until ten years after becoming freedmen, as well as to:Constitution 1876 art. 29; Law of 28 December 1878 arts. 141 & 147; Law of 26 June 1890 arts. 2–5. Public contractors, within their relevant territories; Holders of a number of territorial posts (such as government-appointed positions, not including government ministers and Central Administration employees; local and provincial employees; and provincial deputation members), within their areas of jurisdiction, during their term of office and up to one year afterwards. For the Senate, eligibility was limited to Spanish males over 35 years of age not under criminal prosecution, disfranchisement nor asset seizure, and who either qualified as senators in their own right or belonged (or had belonged) to certain categories:Constitution 1876 arts. 22 & 26; Law of 8 February 1877 art. 4. Provided an income of Pts 7,500: the presidents of the Senate and the Congress; deputies serving in three different congresses or eight terms; government ministers; bishops; grandees of Spain not eligible as senators in their own right; and various senior officials after two years of service (such as certain general officers—lieutenant generals and vice admirals—and members of higher courts and state institutions);"State" heads of diplomatic missions abroad (ambassadors after two years, and plenipotentiaries after four); heads and full academics in the royal academies; chief engineers; and full professors with four years of service; Provided an income of Pts 20,000 or being taxpayers with a minimum quota of Pts 4,000 in direct taxes (paid two years in advance): Spanish nobility; and former deputies, provincial deputies or mayors in provincial capitals or towns over 20,000; Having served as senators before the promulgation of the 1876 Constitution. Other ineligibility provisions for the Senate also applied to a number of territorial officials within their areas of jurisdiction, during their term of office and up to three months afterwards; public contractors; tax collectors; and public debtors.Law of 8 February 1877 arts. 5–6. Incompatibility rules barred representing multiple constituencies simultaneously, as well as combining:Constitution 1876 arts. 25 & 31; Law of 8 February 1877 arts. 5–10; Law of 28 December 1878 arts. 118 & 147; Law of 7 March 1880 arts. 1–4 (am. amended by Law of 31 July 1887 single art.); Law of 26 June 1890 art. 81. The role of senator with other legislative roles (deputy, senator and local councillor, except those in Madrid; and provincial deputies within their respective provinces); or with any public post not explicitly permitted under Senate eligibility requirements; The role of deputy with any other civil, military or judicial post, with exceptions—and as many as 40 deputies allowed to simultaneously benefit from these—including a number of specific posts based in Madrid, such as any of the aforementioned ones (provided a public salary of Pts 12,500); senior court officials; university authorities and professors; chief engineers; and general officers. Results Congress of Deputies + ← Summary of the 1 February 1891 Congress of Deputies election results → center|400px Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats Votes % Liberal Conservative Party (PLC) 284 Liberal Party (PL) 100 Liberal Reformist Party (PLR) 17 Republican Coalition (CR) 15 Progressive Republican Party (PRP) 12 Martists (M) 8 Traditionalist Communion (Carlist) (CT) 4 Integrist Party (PI) 2 Independents (INDEP) 4 Total 446 Votes cast / turnout Abstentions Registered voters 4,800,000 SourcesLópez Domínguez 1976 444–445, 467–470 & 771–776Armengol i Segú Varela Ortega 2001 655–77630 January 1891 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=2bbbe01f-132d-45ea-9170-c2f7982777b9&page=3 Elecciones generales. Candidatos a diputados a Cortes por todos los distritos de la Península (1) es National Library of Spain El Siglo Futuro 20 August 202231 January 1891 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=5f2a1c73-526c-4fdf-bde4-9b61cec8515a&page=2 Elecciones generales. Candidatos a diputados a Cortes por todos los distritos de la Península (2) es National Library of Spain El Siglo Futuro 20 August 202231 January 1891 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=32a2e547-f3ab-42c0-975a-425019a47053 Las elecciones es National Library of Spain El Imparcial 13 September 20222 February 1891 http://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/issue.vm?id=0000537409&page=2 Las elecciones es National Library of Spain La Época 19 July 20222 February 1891 http://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/issue.vm?id=0000387878&page=2 Las elecciones en provincias es National Library of Spain El Heraldo de Madrid 7 August 20222 February 1891 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=b576acaf-afdf-40ad-98e9-4b69cd5d5f14 Congreso de los Diputados es National Library of Spain El País 13 September 20223 February 1891 http://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/issue.vm?id=0000680556&page=2 Datos oficiales es National Library of Spain El Imparcial 7 August 20223 February 1891 http://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/issue.vm?id=0000537443&page=3 Los nuevos diputados es National Library of Spain La Época 10 August 20224 February 1891 http://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/issue.vm?id=0000537481&page=2 Las elecciones de diputados es National Library of Spain La Época 7 August 20224 February 1891 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/issue.vm?id=0003942267&page=1 Las elecciones es National Library of Spain La República 13 August 202223 February 1891 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=56e0b30b-a26e-49d8-813e-8baad068682e&page=2 Resumen general de las elecciones de diputados a Cortes es National Library of Spain La Época 16 September 2022 Seats #ddd 550px 500px PLC Conservative Party (Spain) 63.68 PL Liberal Party (Spain, 1880) 22.42 PLR Liberal Reformist Party (Spain) 3.81 CR Republican Coalition (Spain, 1891) 3.36 PRP Progressive Republican Party (Spain) 2.69 M Martists 1.79 CT Traditionalist Communion 0.90 PI Integrist Party 0.45 INDEP Independent politician 0.90 Senate + ← Summary of the 15 February 1891 Senate of Spain election results → center|375px Parties and alliances Seats Liberal Conservative Party (PLC) 114 Liberal Party (PL) 40 Liberal Reformist Party (PLR) 8 Republican Coalition (CR) 1 Martists (M) 1 Traditionalist Communion (Carlist) (CT) 1 Integrist Party (PI) 1 Independents (INDEP) 4 Archbishops (ARCH) 10 Total elective seats 180 Sources16 February 1891 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/issue.vm?id=0000355565&page=2 Provincias es National Library of Spain La Correspondencia de España 13 August 202216 February 1891 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/issue.vm?id=0000680961&page=2 Elección de senadores es National Library of Spain El Imparcial 13 August 202216 February 1891 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/issue.vm?id=0030308762&page=2 Elecciones de senadores es National Library of Spain La Justicia 13 August 202216 February 1891 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/issue.vm?id=0001209657&page=2 Elecciones de senadores es National Library of Spain El Liberal 13 August 202216 February 1891 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/issue.vm?id=0002288362&page=1 Las elecciones de senadores es National Library of Spain El Día 13 August 202216 February 1891 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/issue.vm?id=0000388330&page=4 Senadores por Cuba es National Library of Spain El Heraldo de Madrid 13 August 202217 February 1891 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/issue.vm?id=0003942697&page=2 Las elecciones de senadores es National Library of Spain La República 13 August 2022 Seats #ddd 550px 500px PLC Conservative Party (Spain) 63.33 PL Liberal Party (Spain, 1880) 22.22 PLR Liberal Reformist Party (Spain) 4.44 CR #B74896 0.56 M Martists 0.56 CT Traditionalist Communion 0.56 PI Integrist Party 0.56 INDEP Independent politician 2.22 ARCH Nonpartisan 5.56 Distribution by group + Summary of political group distribution in the 5th Restoration Cortes (1891–1893) Group Parties and alliances C Congress of Deputies S Senate Total PLC Liberal Conservative Party (PLC) 259 105 398 Constitutional Union of Cuba (UCC) 13 6 Unconditional Spanish Party (PIE) 9 2 Independents (INDEP) 2 0 Basque Dynastics (Urquijist) (DV) 1 1 PL Liberal Party (PL) 86 32 140 Constitutional Union of Cuba (UCC) 10 7 Unconditional Spanish Party (PIE) 4 1 PLR Liberal Reformist Party (PLR) 14 8 25 Constitutional Union of Cuba (UCC) 3 0 CR Possibilist Democratic Party (PDP) 6 1 16 Federal Republican Party (PRF) 5 0 Centralist Republican Party (PRC) 2 0 Puerto Rican Autonomist Party (PAP) 2 0 PRP Progressive Republican Party (PRP) 12 0 12 M Martists (M) 8 1 9 CT Traditionalist Communion (Carlist) (CT) 4 1 5 PI Integrist Party (PI) 2 1 3 INDEP Independents (INDEP) 4 3 8 Basque Dynastics (Urquijist) (DV) 0 1 ARCH Archbishops (ARCH) 0 10 10 Total 446 180 626 Notes References Bibliography Legislation 30em y Ley mandando que los distritos para las elecciones de Diputados a Cortes sean los que se expresan en la división adjunta Law 1 January 1871 Madrid Gazette es https://boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1871/027/A00217-00232.pdf 21 August 2022 Law of 1 January 1871 y Decreto mandando se verifiquen en Puerto Rico las elecciones ordinarias de Senadores y Diputados a Cortes Decree 1 April 1871 Madrid Gazette es https://boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1871/104/A00841-00842.pdf 19 August 2022 Decree of 1 April 1871 y Constitución de la Monarquía Española Constitution 30 June 1876 Madrid Gazette es https://boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1876/184/A00009-00012.pdf 19 August 2022 Constitution 1876 y Ley electoral de Senadores Law 8 February 1877 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1877/041/A00373-00375.pdf 19 August 2022 Law of 8 February 1877 y Ley electoral de los Diputados a Cortes Law 28 December 1878 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1878/364/A00885-00890.pdf 19 August 2022 Law of 28 December 1878 y Ley dictando reglas para la elección de Senadores en las islas de Cuba y Puerto Rico Law 9 January 1879 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1879/015/A00137-00137.pdf 19 August 2022 Law of 9 January 1879 y Ley enumerando los empleos con los cuales es compatible el cargo de Diputado a Cortes Law 7 March 1880 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1880/069/A00623-00623.pdf 15 August 2025 Law of 7 March 1880 y Real decreto determinando el número de Senadores que habrán de elegirse en cada una de las provincias con motivo de las próximas elecciones Royal Decree 30 June 1881 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1881/184/A00023-00023.pdf 11 October 2025 Royal Decree of 30 June 1881 y Ley fijando la división de la provincia de Vizcaya en distritos para la elección de Diputados a Cortes y la de aquellos en secciones Law Madrid Gazette es 21 March 1883 https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1883/084/A00709-00710.pdf 3 August 2025 Law of 21 March 1883 y Ley dividiendo la provincia de Guipúzcoa en distritos para la elección de Diputados a Cortes Law 23 June 1885 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1885/175/A00877-00878.pdf 6 May 2023 Law of 23 June 1885 y Ley dividiendo el distrito electoral de Tarrasa en dos, que se denominarán de Tarrasa y de Sabadell Law 18 January 1887 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1887/022/A00211-00211.pdf 6 May 2023 Law of 18 January 1887 y Ley reformando el art. 4º. de la ley de Incompatibilidades parlamentarias de 7 de Marzo de 1880 Law 31 July 1887 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1887/216/A00347-00347.pdf 15 August 2025 Law of 31 July 1887 y Ley fijando la división de la provincia de Álava en distritos electorales para Diputados a Cortes Law 10 July 1888 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1888/193/A00117-00117.pdf 6 May 2023 Law of 10 July 1888 y Ley electoral para Diputados a Cortes Law 26 June 1890 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1890/180/A00901-00908.pdf 19 August 2022 Law of 26 June 1890 y Real decreto disponiendo que mientras no se publique nueva ley Electoral rija en la isla de Cuba la división en circunscripciones y distritos para la elección de Diputados a Cortes aprobada en el Congreso en la forma que se expresa Royal Decree 18 December 1890 Madrid Gazette es https://boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1890/354/A00907-00908.pdf 19 August 2022 Royal Decree of 18 December 1890 y Real decreto declarando disuelto el Consejo de los Diputados y la parte electiva del Senado, mandando reunir las Cortes el día 2 de Marzo próximo, y señalando los días en que habrán de verificarse las elecciones de Diputados y Senadores Royal Decree 29 December 1890 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1890/364/A00997-00997.pdf 18 August 2025 Royal Decree of 29 December 1890 Other 30em Fernández Almagro Melchor 1943 Las Cortes del siglo XIX y la práctica electoral https://www.cepc.gob.es/sites/default/files/2022-01/6973rep009-010430.pdf Madrid Centre for Political and Constitutional Studies es Revista de Estudios 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