2016 Imphal earthquake

Earthquake near India-Myanmar border November 2024 October 2018 2016 Imphal earthquake 2016-01-03 23:05:22 us10004b2n 612140990 yes 2016 01 04 4:35 a.m IST (UTC+5) India 6.7 Mw 24.834 93.656 inline,title 55.0 km on Bangladesh India Myanmar Nepal 7 11 dead~200 injured $41.3 million (2016 USD) The 2016 Imphal earthquake occurred on 4 January 2016 at 4:35 a.m. local time (23:05 UTC, 3 January)3 January 2016 M 6.7-6.9 km W of Imphal, India https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us10004b2n/executive 10 October 2024 United States Geological Survey in Manipur, and had a magnitude of 6.7 Mw.Gahalaut, V. K., & Kundu, B. (2016). The 4 January 2016 Manipur earthquake in the Indo-Burmese wedge, an intra-slab event. Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk, 7(5), 1506–1512. https://doi.org/10.1080/19475705.2016.1179686 The seismic wave radius travelled over 200 km and shaking was felt in numerous cities, including Imphal, Silchar and Guwahati. 13 people in India and Bangladesh were killed, and many buildings in the city of Imphal and surrounding areas were damaged. Earthquake The Mw6.7 earthquake was caused by a strike slip fault in a plate boundary between the Indian and Eurasian plate along the Southern Asian region. The focal mechanism that resulted in the earthquake was the Indian plate colliding with the Eurasian plate at a speed of 48mm/yr. The depth of the epicenter of the earthquake was determined to be 55 km by the USGS. A subsequent Mw6.9 earthquake also occurred on 14 April 2016, 240 km southeast of epicenter of the Imphal earthquake, with a focal point depth of 134 km.Gahalaut V. K. Martin Stacey S. Srinagesh D. Kapil S. L. Suresh G. Saikia Saurav Kumar Vikas Dadhich Harendra Patel Aqeel Prajapati Sanjay K. Shukla H. P. Gautam J. L. Baidya P. R. Mandal Saroj Jain Ashish 12 October 2016 Seismological, geodetic, macroseismic and historical context of the 2016 Mw 6.7 Tamenglong (Manipur) India earthquake https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S004019511630378X Tectonophysics 688 36–48 10.1016/j.tecto.2016.09.017 2016Tectp.688...36G 0040-1951 subscription Just like the Imphal earthquake, this later earthquake was caused by a reverse dextral fault. From this it can be deduced that there was an intraplate convergence where a slab subducted beneath another between the Indian and Eurasian plates that caused the Imphal quake. thumb|ShakeMap from USGS showing the intensity of the Imphal Earthquake While the earthquake was a significant event, moderate-to-large earthquakes in this region have been fairly common in the past, although this was the largest earthquake to hit the state of Manipur since 1957.Quake strikes northeast India, Bangladesh; 11 dead, some 200 hurt https://news.trust.org/item/20160104013241-etuqz 10 October 2024 news.trust.org 20 earthquakes have occurred within 250 km of the 2016 event in the past 100 years. The largest was a 8.0 magnitude earthquake in 1946, 220 km to the southeast of the 2016 earthquake on the Sagaing Fault. Other significant events less than 200 km away from Imphal earthquake include a M 7.3 earthquake in August 1988, which caused several fatalities and dozens of injuries, and another M 6.0 earthquake in December 1984 that caused 20 fatalities and 100 injuries. Damage +Casualties by countryCountryDeathsInjuriesRef.India8200 & Bangladesh5Total13200 Based on USGS data, the shake-map showed moderate shaking intensity around the region of Imphal. 13 people were killed, 8 in India and 5 in Bangladesh.Gahalaut V.K. Martin Stacey S. Srinagesh D. Kapil S.L. Suresh G. Saikia Saurav Kumar Vikas Dadhich Harendra Patel Aqeel Prajapati Sanjay K. Shukla H.P. Gautam J.L. Baidya P.R. Mandal Saroj Jain Ashish October 2016 Seismological, geodetic, macroseismic and historical context of the 2016 Mw 6.7 Tamenglong (Manipur) India earthquake https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S004019511630378X Tectonophysics en 688 36–48 10.1016/j.tecto.2016.09.017 2016Tectp.688...36G subscription Additionally, 200 others were injured and numerous buildings were damaged.Das Biswajyoti 4 January 2016 Quake strikes northeast India, Bangladesh; 11 dead, nearly 200 hurt http://news.trust.org//item/20160104013241-etuqz/?source=jtOtherNews3 https://web.archive.org/web/20200918200439/https://news.trust.org/item/20160104013241-etuqz/?source=jtOtherNews3 18 September 2020 23 October 2018 Reuters In rural areas many buildings were damaged, walls of houses in areas like Kabuikhullen village appeared to be detached from the main frame, while some foundations shifted by 33 cm from their original position.M6.7 – 29 km W of Imphal, India https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us10004b2n#general_summary 3 January 2015 United States Geological Survey In Imphal city the damage was restricted to buildings on the riverbank, such as the three women's markets, or on other marshy terrain, such as the Central Agricultural University.Gahalaut V. K. Martin Stacey S. Srinagesh D. Kapil S. L. Suresh G. Saikia Saurav Kumar Vikas Dadhich Harendra Patel Aqeel Prajapati Sanjay K. Shukla H. P. Gautam J. L. Baidya P. R. Mandal Saroj Jain Ashish 12 October 2016 Seismological, geodetic, macroseismic and historical context of the 2016 Mw 6.7 Tamenglong (Manipur) India earthquake https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S004019511630378X Tectonophysics 688 36–48 10.1016/j.tecto.2016.09.017 2016Tectp.688...36G 0040-1951 subscription Additionally, a newly built 6 storey high-rise collapsed.3 January 2016 Earthquake hits India's Manipur state https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-35219069 27 October 2024 BBC News The damage in Imphal is mostly attributable to poor, non-earthquake resistant construction. Additionally, some school buildings were damaged and power was initially knocked out in parts of the Senapati and Tamenglong districts. Total damage was about 2.75 billion rupee (US$41.3 million).https://nidm.gov.in/PDF/pubs/MEQ_NIDM2022.pdf Manipur Earthquake 2016 F.cdr National Institute of Disaster Management 13 December 2022 20 December 2022 thumb|Damage caused at the Agricultural University and the Ima women's market Response The National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) was deployed in Manipur, to clear off debris and locate possible survivors. Teams of experts were sent in to assess damaged buildings, and a medical team was dispatched to treat the wounded. Additionally, nonessential government offices were closed. Power supply was back up on 5 January 2016 4pm, just 36 hours after the earthquake struck.5 January 2016 Massive rescue and relief operations mounted in earthquake-hit Manipur https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/massive-rescue-and-relief-operations-mounted-in-earthquake-hit-manipur/articleshow/50453425.cms?from=mdr#google_vignette 16 November 2024 The Economic Times 0013-0389 However, government response efforts were critiqued for the immediate aftermath of the event, with some volunteer responders claiming that government teams were either absent or under-supplied. Prime Minister Narendra Modi tweeted that he was in contact with local authorities about the earthquake aftermath. Future implications The earthquake damage was mainly a result of poorly constructed buildings built with reinforced concrete or masonry, which is reflected in the cracks and breakages of column joints in many structures. Many structures also experienced total collapse. This has been a recurring issue in the region, with similar building damage seen in the 6.4 magnitude Assam earthquake in 2021 and 5.7 magnitude Tripura earthquake in 2017, with similar effects and severity of damage as the Imphal quake.Halder Lipika Chandra Dutta Sekhar Sharma Richi Prasad Bhattacharya Subhamoy December 2021 Lessons learnt from post-earthquake damage study of Northeast India and Nepal during last ten years: 2021 Assam earthquake, 2020 Mizoram earthquake, 2017 Ambasa earthquake, 2016 Manipur earthquake, 2015 Nepal earthquake, and 2011 Sikkim earthquake https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0267726121004127 Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering en 151 106990 10.1016/j.soildyn.2021.106990 2021SDEE..15106990H subscription While both the 2017 Tripura earthquake and the 2021 Assam earthquake lead to slightly more than 10 injuries with 3 indirect deaths from the shock, building damage was significant. Thousands of buildings were damaged in both earthquakes and liquefaction occurred during the events.28 April 2021 Two die of shock after 6.4 magnitude quake in Assam https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/earthquake-of-magnitude-64-strikes-assam/article34427787.ece 22 November 2024 The Hindu en-IN 0971-751XDebbarma Jimmi Debnath Jatan 2021 Assessment on the impact of the Tripura earthquake (January 3, 2017, Mw = 5.6) in Northeast India https://doiserbia.nb.rs/Article.aspx?ID=0350-75992101001D Journal of the Geographical Institute "Jovan Cvijic", SASA 71 1 1–13 10.2298/ijgi2101001d free This resulted in almost 6 times increase in bank erosion during the Tripura earthquake. The earthquake is also located along the Indo-Burma range (IBR) zone that experiences high seismicity. Data shows that 25 or more earthquake that are of 7 moment magnitude or greater have occurred in the past century.Sharma Vickey Biswas Rajib December 2022 Revisiting b-value for extended Kopili region of Northeast India and probabilistic estimation of seismic hazard attributes thereof https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0926985122003135 Journal of Applied Geophysics en 207 104842 10.1016/j.jappgeo.2022.104842 2022JAG...20704842S subscription The area is also estimated to experience at least one 5.0 Magnitude earthquake annually, using past data and models.Sharma Vickey Biswas Rajib December 2022 Probabilistic earthquake hazard parameterization for Indo-Burma region using extreme value approach Natural Hazards Research en 2 4 279–286 10.1016/j.nhres.2022.11.001 free 2022NatHR...2..279S Some recent examples include the 5.6 magnitude 2020 Mizoram earthquakeM 5.6 – 22 km E of North Vanlaiphai, India https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000ag4u/executive 22 November 2024 United States Geological Survey and the 5.4 magnitude earthquake at Mawlaik, Myanmar in 2024.M 5.4 – 29 km ESE of Mawlaik, Myanmar https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000mnrr/executive 16 November 2024 United States Geological Survey For the city of Imphal and the nearby areas, the National Disaster Management Authority of India (NERMP) and local governments are stepping up on mitigation projects to conduct seismic vulnerability assessment, improve infrastructure with more earthquake resistant buildings and increase general awareness to the public.National Disaster Management Authority Government of India National Earthquake Risk Mitigation Project (Preparatory Phase) https://ndma.gov.in/Mitigation_Preparedness/NERMP IMPHAL EAST DISTRICT, MANIPUR OFFICE OF THE DEPUTY COMMISSIONER/DISTRICT MAGISTRATE DISTRICT DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN 2019-2020 https://manipur.gov.in/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/ie-dm-plan.pdf Manipur Government Additionally, upgrading search and rescue capabilities, early warning and evacuation plans are also being developed to improve earthquake management in the area. These efforts are all part of the District Disaster Management Plan (DDMP). See also Indian plate List of earthquakes in 2016 List of earthquakes in India Thrust tectonics References External links Recent Earthquakes Near Manipur, India 612140990 India Nepal Category:Imphal Category:2016 earthquakes Category:2016 in Bangladesh Category:2016 disasters in India Category:2016 in Nepal Category:Earthquakes in Bangladesh Category:Earthquakes in India Category:Earthquakes in Nepal Category:January 2016 in Asia Category:Disasters in Manipur Category:Earthquakes in Myanmar Category:January 2016 in India Category:January 2016 in Bangladesh Category:2016 disasters in Asia