1894 Istanbul earthquake

Earthquake in Turkey 1894 Istanbul earthquake Turkey Marmara yes 1894-07-10 1894 7 10 yes 7.0 s y IX 40.73 29.25 inline,titleParsons Tom 2004 Recalculated probability of M ≥ 7 earthquakes beneath the Sea of Marmara, Turkey Journal of Geophysical Research 109 B05304 B05304 10.1029/2003JB002667 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/255605470 2004JGRB..109.5304P free Ottoman Empire At least 1,349 The 1894 Istanbul earthquake occurred in the Çınarcık Basin or Gulf of Izmit in the Sea of Marmara on 10 July at 12:24pm. The earthquake had an estimated s y magnitude of 7.0.Ambraseys N. Nicholas Ambraseys January 2001 Journal of Seismology 10.1023/A:1009871605267 The earthquake of 10 July 1894 in the Gulf of Izmit (Turkey) and its relation to the earthquake of 17 August 1999 5 1 117–128 1573-157X 2001JSeis...5..117A 128657125 At least an estimated 1,349 people were killed in towns around the Gulf of Izmit such as Yalova, Sapanca and Adapazarı, and in Ottoman Constantinople (present day Istanbul). The main shock caused a tsunami 1.5 m ft high. Background thumb|left|An 1894 xylograph showing damage to the Wall of Constantine. Printed originally in Science Illustré, 25 August 1894, p. 193. The Sea of Marmara is a pull-apart basin formed at a releasing bend in the North Anatolian Fault, a right-lateral strike-slip fault. This local zone of extension occurs where this transform boundary between the Anatolian Plate and the Eurasian plate steps northwards to the west of Izmit from the Izmit Fault to the Ganos Fault. The pattern of faults within the Sea of Marmara basin is complex but near Istanbul there is a single main fault segment with a sharp bend. To the west, the fault trends west–east and is pure strike-slip in type. To the east, the fault is NW–SE trending and show evidence of both normal and strike-slip motion.Armijo R. Meyer B. Navarro S. King G. Narka A. amp 2002 Asymmetric slip partitioning in the Sea of Marmara pull-apart: a clue to propagation processes of the North Anatolian Fault? Terra Nova 14 2 80–86 http://www.ipgp.fr/~armijo/ArmijoPDF/ArmijoTN02.pdf 10.1046/j.1365-3121.2002.00397.x 10.1.1.546.4111 2002TeNov..14...80A 49553634 Movement on the Gulf of Izmit section of the fault, which bounds the Çınarcık Basin, is the most likely cause of the 1894 event. Other possible causes are movement on the Princes' Islands segment of the fault (to the west of the Gulf of Izmit), and movement on a normal fault in the Çinarcik basin, separate from the North Anatolian Fault. Damage The earthquake is estimated to have generated shaking with a modified Mercalli intensity of 9 at Sapanca, 8.5 at Yalova, and 8 at Adapazarı, Büyükçekmece, Gebze, Kartal, Küçükçekmece and on the Princes' Islands. The quake killed 990 people in the area around Yalova and Sapanca, 83 in Adapazarı and 276 in Istanbul.ftp://ftp.gps.caltech.edu/pub/avouac/Ge277-2013/Biblio/King-CRAS-2001.pdf Coulomb interactions and the 17 August 1999 Izmit, Turkey earthquake King Geoffrey C.P. Hubert-Ferrari Aurélia Nalbant Süleyman S. Meyer Bertrand Armijoa Rolando Bowman David Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences, Série IIA 333 2001 9 557–569 10.1016/s1251-8050(01)01676-7 2001CRASE.333..557K https://web.archive.org/web/20160311133955/ftp://ftp.gps.caltech.edu/pub/avouac/Ge277-2013/Biblio/King-CRAS-2001.pdf 2016-03-11 dead 2268/103171 Response Numerous civil society organisations in Belgrade, capital of the nascent Kingdom of Serbia, organized benefit events to collect aid for victims of the catastrophe.Dubravka Stojanović Калдрма и асфалт: урбанизација и европеизација Београда 1890–1914 Udruženje za društvenu istoriju 978-86-83227-25-9 Belgrade 260 2008 See also List of earthquakes in Turkey List of historical earthquakes References Further reading Ambraseys N. Nicholas Ambraseys 2009 Earthquakes in the Mediterranean and Middle East: A Multidisciplinary Study of Seismicity up to 1900 https://books.google.com/books?id=FzXSBgAAQBAJ&pg=PT713 First Cambridge University Press 774–779 978-0521872928 Ambraseys N.N. Finkel C.F. Long-term seismicity of Istanbul and of the Marmara Sea region Terra Nova 3 5 1991 0954-4879 10.1111/j.1365-3121.1991.tb00188.x 527–539 1991TeNov...3..527A The Istanbul Earthquake of 1894 and Science in the Late Ottoman Empire Bein Amit Middle Eastern Studies 2008 44 6 909–924 10.1080/00263200802426021 144961288 40262628 Category:1894 earthquakes Category:Constantinople 1894 Istanbul Category:1894 in Europe Category:1894 in Asia Category:1894 in the Ottoman Empire Category:19th-century tsunamis Category:July 1894 in Europe Category:Tsunamis in Turkey Category:Sea of Marmara Category:19th century in Istanbul Category:1890s disasters in Asia Category:1890s disasters in Europe Category:19th-century disasters in the Ottoman Empire