1963 Skopje earthquake

Earthquake in SR Macedonia January 2020 1963 Skopje earthquake 1963-07-26 04:17:17 872813 iscgem872813 1963 07 26 5:17 Balkans 1 42.10 21.40 Bullseye1.png 40 top 290 right 6.1 w yes 6 kilometres (4 mi)Seismic Ground Motion Estimates for the M6.1 earthquake of July 26, 1963, at Skopje, Republic of Macedonia https://web.archive.org/web/20080411041530/http://www.univ.trieste.it/~dst/RAF06/People/Denis/Skopje9.pdf April 11, 2008 Department of Earth Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy 42.10 N 21.40 Ehttp://www.iris.edu/seismo/quakes/1963skopje/ 1963 Skopje Macedonia Earthquake August 19, 2015 SR Macedonia, SFR Yugoslavia 1,000–1,100 killedMarking the 44th anniversary of the catastrophic 1963 Skopje earthquake https://web.archive.org/web/20070930210952/http://www.mrt.com.mk/en//index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=3316&Itemid=27 September 30, 2007 MRT, Thursday, July 26, 2007 3,000–4,000 injured 200,000 left homeless 75–80% of city destroyedhttp://www.inyourpocket.com/macedonia/skopje/feature/56043-the_1963_earthquake.html The 1963 earthquake August 19, 2015 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20080513053716/http://www.inyourpocket.com/macedonia/skopje/feature/56043-the_1963_earthquake.html May 13, 2008 https://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/july/26/newsid_2721000/2721635.stm BBC ON THIS DAY – 26 – 1963: Thousands killed in Yugoslav earthquake August 19, 2015 July 26, 1963 10Significant Earthquake: BALKANS NW: MACEDONIA: SKOPJE https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/earthquake/event-more-info/4297 National Geophysical Data Center January 30, 2021 July 26, 1963 USGS ShakeMap 1963 Skopje earthquake.jpg Osnovnoto Njegos, po zemjotresot.jpg Damage in Skopje following the earthquake The 1963 Skopje earthquake (mk Скопски земјотрес од 1963 година) occurred in present-day North Macedonia (at the time, it was called the Socialist Republic of Macedonia). The 6.1 moment magnitude shock had a maximum Mercalli intensity of X (Extreme) and resulted in more than 1,000 deaths and between 3,000http://www.mia.com.mk/default.aspx?vId=66423250&lId=2&pmId=501 My Info Agent August 19, 2015 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20120224023654/http://www.mia.com.mk/default.aspx?vId=66423250&lId=2&pmId=501 February 24, 2012 and 4,000http://www.makfax.com.mk/_tools/refinedSearch#90696 Макфакс – Макфакс August 19, 2015 April 1, 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20100401115704/http://www.makfax.com.mk/_tools/refinedSearch#90696 dead injuries. More than 200,000 people were left homeless. About 80 percent of the city was destroyed. Facts The earthquake, which measured 6.1 on the moment magnitude scale, occurred on July 26, 1963, at 04:17 UTC (5:17 am local time) in Skopje, Socialist Republic of Macedonia (present-day North Macedonia), then part of SFR Yugoslavia. The tremor lasted for 20 seconds and was felt mostly along the Vardar River Valley. There were also smaller aftershocks until 5:43.Болката и сеќавањата остануваат засекогаш https://web.archive.org/web/20110928154600/http://www.vecer.com.mk/default.asp?ItemID=903575803560474A925293E56ADE3BD9 September 28, 2011 Aftermath thumb|left|First hours after the earthquake thumb|left|Destroyed apartment building in downtown Skopje. Following the earthquake, Josip Broz Tito, president of SFR Yugoslavia, sent a message of condolences to the Socialist Republic of Macedonia before visiting the city personally later on.1963: Thousands killed in Yugoslav earthquake https://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/july/26/newsid_2721000/2721635.stm BBC News 26 July 1963 Within a few days after the earthquake took place, 35 nations requested that the United Nations General Assembly place relief for Skopje on their list of agendas. The effort led to the implementation of a major urban and architectural reconstruction plan urban master-plan of Skopje 1963. Relief, in the form of money, medical, engineering and building teams and supplies was offered from 78 countries throughout the world. United States president John F. Kennedy ordered the Department of Defense and the Agency for International Development (USAID) to take actions for disaster assistance in Skopje by sending personnel, prefabricated houses, tent cities and other forms of relief.John F. Kennedy Library: National Security Action Memorandum No.267 Disaster Assistance for Skopje Substantial relief also arrived from the Soviet Union. Its leader, Nikita Khrushchev, visited Skopje personally.Video: Chairman Khruschev and President Tito visit the earthquake areas of Skopje city in Macedonia, Newsreel, 1963 As the SFR Yugoslavia was a member of the Non-Aligned Movement during the Cold War, the American and Soviet troops stationed in Skopje could freely shake hands for the first time since their encounter on Elbe in 1945.Nova Makedonija: Скопје 1963–2010 година https://archive.today/20130219032424/http://www.novamakedonija.com.mk/NewsDetal.asp?vest=72710140262&id=13&prilog=0&setIzdanie=22045 February 19, 2013 mk The first foreign journalist who arrived in Skopje to report on the earthquake was David Binder of The New York Times.http://www.balkanalysis.com/macedonia/2009/03/11/quake/ Quake – Macedonia August 19, 2015 September 23, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20150923181841/http://www.balkanalysis.com/macedonia/2009/03/11/quake/ dead As he watched Skopje from the plane, he commented that the city looked like it was bombed.Radio Free Europe: Годишнина од катастрофалниот земјотрес mk The United Kingdom-based charity War on Want organised a public appeal and contracted with UK engineer Demetrius Comino to provide Dexion building frame materials and personnel under Barto Stuart to enable the building of 1560 dwellings, enough for two complete villages, one of which was nicknamed Dexiongrad.The New Yorker, October 17, 1964Davis Ian (1977) "Emergency Shelters", Disasters: the international journal of disaster relief, vol. 1, no. 1, p. 27 Dexion belongs to the Skopje's Municipality of Gjorče Petrov.Večer:Населба Дексион https://web.archive.org/web/20130603041205/http://star.vecer.com.mk/tekst.asp?tid=11946 June 3, 2013 mk At the same time, the UK Government made a gift of 44 x 24 feet wide Nissen huts which the Yugoslav authorities used as six schools to be used in satellite suburbs until permanent schools could be established. The construction of these huts was under the supervision of a small detachment of nine Royal Engineers led by Lt Charles Brodley RE. Later, "War on Want" purchased sufficient huts to provide accommodation for 2,000 workmen engaged in the reconstruction of the city and the Engineer detachment was increased to 49 under the command of Captain SL Rooth RE. In 1965, the Japanese architect Kenzo Tange was asked by the United Nations to enter a limited competition for the redevelopment of Skopje, after which Tange won 60% of the prize while the Yugoslav team won the remaining 40%. However, Tange's plan for Skopje (one of his major works) remains partly implemented, specifically concerning the New Skopje Railway Station and the so-called City Wall. thumb|From John F. Kennedy Library: National Security Action Memorandum No. 267 Disaster Assistance for Skopje – NARA – 193638, written and signed on October 18, 1963, by president Kennedy's national security advisor McGeorge Bundy As the city gradually began to recover, the need for revival of cultural life arose. The artist Pablo Picasso donated his painting Head of a Woman (1963), which was exhibited in the new post-earthquake Contemporary Art Museum of Macedonia.2009-04-12 Pablo Picasso \ Painting-International Collection \ Collection \ MoCA Skopje http://www.msuskopje.org.mk/?sid=410&lid=1 2021-03-30 https://web.archive.org/web/20090412190144/http://www.msuskopje.org.mk/?sid=410&lid=1 April 12, 20092009-04-12 MUSEUM OF CONTEMPORARY ART SKOPJE : Portfoglio: UNESCO http://portal.unesco.org/es/ev.php-URL_ID=27935&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html 2021-03-30 https://web.archive.org/web/20090412184933/http://portal.unesco.org/es/ev.php-URL_ID=27935&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html April 12, 2009http://www.artfacts.net/index.php/pageType/instInfo/inst/2740 Home of the Artist Ranking September 3, 2007 April 17, 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090417020118/http://www.artfacts.net/index.php/pageType/instInfo/inst/2740 dead The museum building was a donation from Poland and was designed by several Polish architects.2014-04-19 Музеј на современата уметност – Скопје http://www.msuskopje.org.mk/msu.php?mode=nav&mid=7&id=11 2021-03-30 https://web.archive.org/web/20140419020834/http://www.msuskopje.org.mk/msu.php?mode=nav&mid=7&id=11 April 19, 2014 The concert hall "Univerzalna sala" was built with donations from around 35 countries and its prefabricated building was made in neighbouring Bulgaria.2012-09-10 Univerzalna sala – Историја http://univerzalna.com.mk/MK/za_nas/istorija.aspx 2021-03-30 https://web.archive.org/web/20120910151450/http://univerzalna.com.mk/MK/za_nas/istorija.aspx September 10, 2012 After the request of the Federal Executive Council of Yugoslavia the Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs Rab Butler informed the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom on February 19, 1964, that the Government of the United Kingdom has approved new 500,000 GBP loan for reconstruction of Skopje.Milutin Tomanović (1965) Hronika međunarodnih događaja 1964, Institute of International Politics and Economics, p251 (in Serbo-Croatian) Several streets and objects in Skopje were named in honor of the countries which helped in their construction and/or donated housing. For example, the government of Romania donated the polyclinic medical center, which was named after its capital, Bucharest. In Karposh Municipality, there are Soviet-donated apartment buildings called in Macedonian: „руски згради“ (ruski zgradi, meaning "Russian buildings") and Swedish and Finnish prefabs called „шведски / фински бараки“ (švedski / finski baraki). One example is Skopje's Mexico Street (улица Мексичка, ulica Meksička). It was officially named in honor of Mexico and a memorial plaque from the Mexican president Adolfo López Mateos was unveiled at the location. In 2012, the street's well-known resident, the rock musician Vlatko Stefanovski and his brother, the playwright Goran Stefanovski protested against the mayor's decision to rename several city streets, including Mexico Street. The Stefanovski brothers reminded people that the street they grew up on and where the Macedonian rock group Leb i sol was formed was built with donations from Mexico and argued that this act of solidarity must never be forgotten.Utrinski vesnik:Трајановски се мисли да ја смени одлуката за улица „Киро Глигоров“ https://web.archive.org/web/20120630111217/http://www.utrinski.com.mk/?ItemID=785AD8D71BF7C14A8D521A426AC95F5B June 30, 2012 mk The old name Meksička was brought back in February 2021 by the Skopje City Council.24 February 2021 Советот на Град Скопје ја усвои листата на имиња на улиците Независен Весник https://nezavisen.mk/sovetot-na-grad-skopje-ja-usvoi-listata-na-iminja-na-ulicite/ 10 March 2021 Being rebuilt from ruins thanks to the relief from all around the world, Skopje is often referred to as "The City of International Solidarity", which is its motto.Skopje Official Site One year after the 1963 Skopje earthquake, the first Yugoslavian Code for Construction in Seismic Regions (temporary code 1964), was prepared by a committee consisting of international and national experts. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4615-2069-6_38 International Handbook of Earthquake Engineering 528–535 Jurukovski Dimitar Gavrilović Predrag 1994 (Former) Yugoslavia Paz Mario Springer Boston, MA 10.1007/978-1-4615-2069-6_38 978-1-4613-5859-6 2021-01-12 Popular culture The Skopje earthquake is referenced in many works of art including literature, music, theatre and films. An example is the Macedonian feature film Memento, directed by Dimitrie Osmanli in 1967.Dimitar Bechev Historical Dictionary of North Macedonia 2019 Rowman & Littlefield 9781538119624 71 2nd An example from the field of literature is the poem Skoplje 1963 by the Austrian poet Christine Busta.Christine Busta, Unterwegs zu älteren Feuern. Gedichte. 3rd ed. Salzburg, Wien: O. Müller, 1995, p. 31 Gallery See also North Macedonia Earth sciences History of North Macedonia List of earthquakes in 1963 Lists of earthquakes Skoplje '63, a 1964 documentary about the earthquake References External links Footage of the aftermath Social Vulnerability to Natural Disasters: A Study of Skopje, Macedonia 872813 Skopje earthquake Category:Earthquakes in Europe Category:Natural disasters in North Macedonia 1963 Skopje Skopje earthquake, 1963 Category:1960s in Skopje Category:July 1963 in Europe