2009 L'Aquila earthquake

Earthquake in Abruzzo, Italy October 2020 2009 L'Aquila earthquake 2009-04-06 01:32:42 13438018 usp000gvtu 2009 04 06 yes 03:32 CEST L'Aquila eathquake prefettura.jpg The local prefecture (a government office) damaged by the earthquake Map of the earthquake's intensity Italy Abruzzo#Italy w 6.3 y (GCMT)EHB 13438018 XGabriele Ameri Dino Bindi Francesca Pacor Fabrizio Galadini The 2009 April 6, Mw 6.3, L'Aquila (central Italy) earthquake: finite-fault effects on intensity data Geophysical Journal International 2011 186 2 837–851 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.05069.x 2011GeoJI.186..837A free 9.46 km on 42.3476 13.3800 type:event_region:IT-AQ inline, title Abruzzo, Italy 308 dead1,500+ injured66,000+ homeless $16 billion 42.83 cm/shttps://www.researchgate.net/figure/Peak-ground-acceleration-PGA-Velocity-PGV-and-Displacement-PGD-values-at-the-four_tbl2_227251490 Table 3 Peak ground acceleration (PGA), Velocity (PGV) and Displacement 0.66 g An earthquake occurred in the region of Abruzzo, in southern Italy, at 03:32 CEST (01:32 UTC) on 6 April 2009. It measured 6.3 on the moment magnitude scale and 5.8 or 5.9 on the Richter scale; its epicentre was near L'Aquila, the capital of Abruzzo, which together with surrounding villages suffered the most damage. There were several thousand foreshocks and aftershocks since December 2008, more than thirty of which had a Richter magnitude greater than 3.5. The earthquake was felt throughout central Italy. 308 people are known to have died,Alexander D.E. 2010 The L'Aquila Earthquake of 6 April 2009 and Italian Government Policy on Disaster Response Journal of Natural Resources Policy Research 2 4 325–342 10.1080/19390459.2010.511450 2010JNRPR...2..325A 153641723 free making it the deadliest earthquake to hit Italy since the 1980 Irpinia earthquake. In a subsequent inquiry of the handling of the disaster, seven members of the Italian National Commission for the Forecast and Prevention of Major Risks were accused of giving "inexact, incomplete and contradictory" information about the danger of the tremors prior to the main quake. On 22 October 2012, six scientists and one ex-government official were convicted of multiple manslaughter for downplaying the likelihood of a major earthquake six days before it took place. They were each sentenced to six years' imprisonment, but the verdict was overturned on 10 November 2014.https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-29996872 L'Aquila quake: Scientists see convictions overturned BBC News 10 November 2014 Criticism was also directed at poor building standards that led to the failure of many modern buildings in a known earthquake zone; an official at Italy's Civil Protection Agency, Franco Barberi, said that "in California, an earthquake like this one would not have killed a single person". In February 2025, the reconstruction was at 78% in L'Aquila city and in the region hit by the 2009 earthquake in terms of funding and 88% in terms of construction projects.https://opendataricostruzione.gssi.it/home TUTTI I DATI DELLA RICOSTRUZIONE All the Reconstruction Data for L'Aquila earthquake of 2009 Gran Sasso Science Institute Continuously updated, open data Italian February 3, 2025 Cause This earthquake was caused by movement on a NW-SE trending normal fault according to moment tensor solutions. Although Italy lies in a tectonically complex region, the central part of the Apennines has been characterised by extensional tectonics since the Pliocene epoch (i.e. about the last 5 million years), with most of the active faults being normal in type and NW-SE trending. The extension is due to the back-arc basin in the Tyrrhenian Sea opening faster than the African plate is colliding with the Eurasian plate. The earthquake occurred at 03:32 CEST (01:32 UTC) at the relatively shallow depth of 9.46 km mi and with an epicentre at 42.3476° N, 13.3800 °E, approximately 90 km mi 1 north-east of Rome, near the city of L'Aquila. The earthquake was reported to measure 6.3 on the moment magnitude scale. Historical context Earthquakes mark the history of L'Aquila, a city built on the bed of an ancient lake, providing a soil structure that amplifies seismic waves. The city was struck by earthquakes in 1315, 1349, 1452, 1461, 1501, 1646, 1703, 1706 and 1958. The earthquake of February 1703, which caused devastation across much of central Italy, largely destroyed the city and killed around 5,000 people. In addition, a 1915 earthquake that killed more than 30,000 people and obliterated almost every building in Avezzano and several villages around it happened within 35 km mi from L'Aquila. Effects Nationality Deaths InjuredItaly 288 1,173North Macedonia 5Romania 5 Czech Republic 2 Ukraine 2Anna Parabok Greece 1 5 France 1Israel 1Argentina 1Peru 1 Moldova 1Grec Marina Total 308about 1,500 The earthquake caused damage to between 3,000 and 11,000 buildings in the medieval city of L'Aquila. Several buildings also collapsed. A total of 308 people died in the earthquake, including five Macedonians,Le vittime del terremoto five Romanians, two Ukrainians, two Czechs, a Greek, a Moldovan,<Grec Marina a Peruvian, an Argentinian, a French, and an Israeli, and approximately 1,500 people were injured. Twenty of the victims were children. Around 66,000 people were rendered homeless. The main earthquake was preceded by two smaller earthquakes the previous day. The earthquake was felt as far away as Rome (92 km away), in other parts of Lazio, as well as Marche, Molise, Umbria and Campania. Schools remained closed in the Abruzzo region. Most of the inhabitants of L'Aquila abandoned their homes and the city itself; in the city centre of L'Aquila, and the nearby village of Paganica which was also badly damaged, many streets were impassable due to fallen masonry. The hospital at L'Aquila, where many of the victims were brought, suffered damage in the 4.8 aftershock which followed the main earthquake an hour later. Powerful aftershocks, some only slightly weaker than the main shock, were felt throughout the following 2 days. Villages in the valley along Strada Statale 17 just outside l'Aquila suffered the greatest damage while medieval mountain hill towns lying high above the valley suffered little damage. Onna was reported to be mostly leveled with 38 deaths among the 350 residents. The villages of Villa Sant'Angelo and Borgo di Castelnuovo were badly damaged. Fatalities were reported in Poggio Picenze, Tornimparte, Fossa, Totani, San Gregorio and San Pio delle Camere. Many of L'Aquila's medieval buildings were damaged. The apse of the Basilica of San Bernardino, L'Aquila's largest Renaissance church, was seriously damaged, and its campanile collapsed. Almost the whole dome of the 18th-century church of Anime Sante in Piazza Duomo fell down. The 13th-century Basilica di Santa Maria di Collemaggio collapsed from the transept to the back of the church, and Porta Napoli, the oldest gate to the city, was badly damaged. The third floor of Forte Spagnolo, the 16th-century castle housing the National Museum of Abruzzo, collapsed, as did the cupola of the 18th-century Baroque church of St Augustine, damaging L'Aquila's state archives. This church had been rebuilt after it was destroyed in the 1703 earthquake. The Cathedral of L'Aquila has lost part of its transept and maybe more with the effects of the aftershocks. Slight damage was also reported to the Baths of Caracalla in Rome, but other Roman monuments such as the Colosseum and Roman Forum were unharmed. thumb|175px|right|The damaged Santa Maria Church in the town of Paganica While most of l'Aquila's medieval structures suffered damage, many of its modern buildings suffered the greatest damage, for instance, a dormitory at the university of l'Aquila collapsed. Even some buildings that were believed to be "earthquake-proof" were damaged. L'Aquila Hospital's new wing, which opened in 2000 and was thought capable of resisting almost any earthquake, suffered extensive damage and had to be closed. Homeless camps Around 40,000 people who were made homeless by the earthquake found accommodation in tented camps and a further 10,000 were housed in hotels on the coast. Others sought shelter with friends and relatives throughout Italy. Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi caused a controversy when he said, in an interview to the German station n-tv, that the homeless victims should consider themselves to be on a "camping weekend" – "They have everything they need, they have medical care, hot food... Of course, their current lodgings are a bit temporary. But they should see it like a weekend of camping." To clarify his thought, he also told the people in a homeless camp: "Head to the beach. It's Easter. Take a break. We're paying for it, you'll be well looked after." The billionaire prime minister claimed he will offer his own house to some of the survivors. Building standards Poor building standards or construction materials seem to have further contributed to the large number of victims. According to firefighters and other rescuers, some concrete elements of the fallen buildings "seemed to have been made poorly, possibly with sand". An official at Italy's Civil Protection Agency, Franco Barberi, said that "in California, an earthquake like this one would not have killed a single person". According to Italian media, L'Aquila's chief prosecutor has opened a probe into possible criminal blame for the collapses. Luminous phenomena Many people reported seeing peculiar sightings of light glows, flashes, lightning, flames and fireballs, all of which were considered candidates for earthquake light. 241 luminous phenomena were collected including photos and videos. At least 99 of such phenomena occurred before the main shock and other strong events of the seismic sequence, whereas globular lights, luminous clouds and diffused light were more frequent before the quakes. Flashes were mostly observed during the main shock. Electrical discharges and flames were observed principally after the main shock. Many luminous events were observed before and after the main shock without the ground shaking and were very similar to those reported about two centuries ago. An earthquake alarm system has been proposed, based on a video sensing network to capture earthquake light and provide a warning if observations match threshold characteristics preceding a main shock. Aftershocks thumb|left|Magnitude of L'Aquila earthquake and aftershocks The epicentral region saw dozens of significant aftershocks following the main earthquake. The strongest, which hit at 19:47 CEST on 7 April, measured magnitude 5.3 l and caused further damage. According to the Italian National Geophysics Institute director Boschi, the aftershock epicentres migrated south-east, thus lessening the risk of further major shocks near populated areas. Aftershocks caused safety problems for rescue crews searching for injured victims trapped in precarious structures in the historic center of L'Aquila, a medieval city. Using cranes and backhoes to remove loose bricks and broken timbers, the crews were aware that any aftershock could have triggered the collapse of seriously damaged walls or parapets. The aftershocks also caused sustained psychological trauma to small children and elderly who had already been traumatized by the main earthquake of 6 April 2009. Aware of this, the Italian government temporarily relocated thousands of citizens away from the epicentral area. As a result of aftershocks, the dome of the Anime Sante Basilica in L'Aquila, already heavily damaged by the main shock, almost entirely collapsed. Further buildings collapsed in L'Aquila and in neighbouring municipalities. The largest aftershock was strong enough to be felt in Rome, where it caused an elderly man to die of cardiac arrest. List of foreshocks and aftershocks Only shocks with local magnitude 4.0 or higher are listed. There have been dozens of small magnitude aftershocks, l 1–3, but these generally do not cause further structural damage. Shocks with local magnitude 5.0 or higher are highlighted in blue, and the main shock is highlighted in darker blue. Date (YYYY-MM-DD) and time (UTC) Time (local) Lat. Long. Depth l y 2009-03-30 13:38:39 15:38:39 42.321° N 13.376° E 09.8 km mi 1 on 4.1 2009-04-06 01:32:39 03:32:39 42.334° N 13.334° E 08.8 km mi 1 on 6.3 2009-04-06 01:36:29 03:36:29 42.355° N 13.342° E 09.7 km mi 1 on 4.7 2009-04-06 01:40:51 03:40:51 42.418° N 13.408° E 11.0 km mi 1 on 4.1 2009-04-06 01:41:33 03:41:33 42.387° N 13.316° E 09.1 km mi 1 on 4.3 2009-04-06 01:42:50 03:42:50 42.300° N 13.429° E 10.5 km mi 1 on 4.2 2009-04-06 02:37:04 04:37:04 42.366° N 13.340° E 10.1 km mi 1 on 4.6 2009-04-06 16:38:09 18:38:09 42.362° N 13.333° E 10.2 km mi 1 on 4.0 2009-04-06 23:15:37 01:15:37 42.451° N 13.364° E 08.6 km mi 1 on 4.8 2009-04-07 09:26:28 11:26:28 42.342° N 13.388° E 10.2 km mi 1 on 4.7 2009-04-07 17:47:37 19:47:37 42.275° N 13.464° E 15.1 km mi 1 on 5.3 2009-04-07 21:34:29 23:34:29 42.380° N 13.376° E 07.4 km mi 1 on 4.2 2009-04-08 22:56:50 00:56:50 42.507° N 13.364° E 10.2 km mi 1 on 4.3 2009-04-09 00:52:59 02:52:59 42.484° N 13.343° E 15.4 km mi 1 on 5.1 2009-04-09 03:14:52 05:14:52 42.338° N 13.437° E 18.0 km mi 1 on 4.2 2009-04-09 04:32:44 06:32:44 42.445° N 13.420° E 08.1 km mi 1 on 4.0 2009-04-09 19:38:16 21:38:16 42.501° N 13.356° E 17.2 km mi 1 on 4.9 2009-04-13 21:14:24 23:14:24 42.504° N 13.363° E 07.5 km mi 1 on 4.9 2009-04-14 20:17:27 22:17:27 42.530° N 13.288° E 10.4 km mi 1 on 4.1 2009-04-23 15:14:08 17:14:08 42.247° N 13.492° E 09.9 km mi 1 on 4.0 2009-04-23 21:49:00 23:49:00 42.233° N 13.479° E 09.3 km mi 1 on 4.0 2009-06-22 20:58:40 22:58:40 42.446° N 13.356° E 14.2 km mi 1 on 4.5 2009-07-03 11:03:07 13:03:07 42.409° N 13.387° E 08.8 km mi 1 on 4.1 2009-07-12 08:38:51 10:38:51 42.338° N 13.378° E 10.8 km mi 1 on 4.0 2009-09-24 16:14:57 18:14:57 42.453° N 13.330° E 09.7 km mi 1 on 4.1 Emergency and reconstruction aid National aid thumb|left|Emergency personnel review damaged buildings Many Italian companies have offered some sort of help. All Italian mobile companies (TIM, Vodafone, Wind,April 2009 3April 2009), and some MVNOs, sent free minutes and credit to all their pre-paid customers in Abruzzo, suspended billing to all post-paid customers and extended their coverage with additional mobile base stations to cover homeless camps. In addition, some companies sent free mobile phones, SIM cards and chargers for those who lost their mobiles, and set up a national unique number to send donations to, by placing a call or sending an SMS. Poste Italiane sent to homeless camps some mobile units acting as Postal Office, to allow people to withdraw money from their accounts as well as their retirement. Many companies, such as pay-tv Sky, suspended billing to all customers in Abruzzo, and offered some decoders to homeless camps to allow them to follow the funerals and the news. Ferrovie dello Stato offered railway sleeping carriages to host some homeless people, and offered free tickets to all people and students living in Abruzzo. AISCAT (Associazione Italiana Società Concessionarie Autostrade e Trafori) declared that all toll-roads in Abruzzo would be free of charge. All tax billing for all Abruzzo residents has been suspended by the government, as well as mortgage payments.May 2026 International aid Prime Minister of Italy Silvio Berlusconi refused foreign aid for the emergency, saying that Italians were "proud people" and had sufficient resources to deal with the crisis. However he singled out the United States, announcing that he would accept aid for reconstruction: "If the United States wants to give a tangible sign of its solidarity with Italy, it could take on the responsibility of rebuilding heritage sites and churches. We would be very happy to have this support." and suggested the US help rebuild "a small district of a town or a suburb". Aid was offered by Austria, Brazil, Croatia, the European Union, France, Germany, Spain, Greece, Slovakia, Israel, Portugal, Iran, North Macedonia, Mexico, Russia, Serbia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Tunisia, the Turkish Red Crescent, Ukraine, and the United States. Aid was also offered by various organisations, companies, sport clubs and celebrities including ACF Fiorentina, Carla Bruni, Madonna, S.S.C. Napoli, Zastava and Fiat. On 20 November 2009 in Brussels, Pawel Samecki and Guido Bertolaso who, at that time, were European Commissioner for Regional Policy and commander in chief of the Italian Civil Protection department respectively, signed an agreement to provide 493.7 million euros from EU solidarity fund to help reconstruction in Abruzzo.WORKING DOCUMENT on Special Report No 24/2012 – The European Union Solidarity Fund's response to the 2009 Abruzzi earthquake: The relevance and cost of the operations http://www.europarl.europa.eu/meetdocs/2009_2014/documents/cont/dt/1007/1007699/1007699en.pdf 4 March 2014 Søren Bo Søndergaard 23 October 2013 Prior warning Scientist says he predicted Italy earthquake, was ignored Italian laboratory technician Giampaolo Giuliani claimed to have predicted a major earthquake on Italian television a month before, after measuring increased levels of radon emitted from the ground. He was accused of being alarmist by the Director of the Civil Defence, Guido Bertolaso, and forced to remove his findings from the Internet (old data and descriptions are still online). He was also reported to police a week before the main quake for "causing fear" among the local population when the mayor of Sulmona claimed that Giuliani predicted an imminent earthquake in his town, about 50 km mi on from L'Aquila, on 30 March, after a 4° quake happened (Sulmona later only suffered minor damage from 6 April earthquake). Enzo Boschi, the head of the Italian National Geophysics Institute declared: Every time there is an earthquake there are people who claim to have predicted it. As far as I know nobody predicted this earthquake with precision. It is not possible to predict earthquakes. Scientists have studied earthquake predictions based on radon emissions since the 1970s, but enthusiasm for the method has faded due to inconsistent results. Controversy on reconstruction and criminality In the days following the tragedy, journalists reported that the reconstruction works may have been infiltrated by criminal organizations, with the Mafia and Camorra trying to infiltrate the contract procedures. On 7 April, a few hours after the main earthquake, journalist Luca Spinelli stated: The transfers of money necessitated by such a big tragedy are huge: much the same as the cost of running a war. [...] Any company would be interested in a turnover and a potential income like this. Surely the "main Italian company" will be: a company with a ninety billion annual income, making up to 7% of Italian GDP (Gross Domestic Product): the Mafia. [...] Abruzzo and Marsica are known territories of the mafia. A region which "attracted the attention of some Camorra and Sacra Corona Unita associates too", according to Franco Forgione, President of the Parliamentary Antimafia Commission in 2007. A region which, according to the Antimafia District Public Prosecutor's Office of L'Aquila, hosts part of the hidden treasure of mafia boss Vito Ciancimino, reckoned to be around 600 million euros, a region which has seen many recent arrests for mafia infiltration; infiltration in contracts, building permits, the health system, the very things that will be needed for the reconstruction. The week following the earthquake, on 14 April, journalist and writer Roberto Saviano, author of the bestseller Gomorrah, wrote: Data demonstrates that the Camorra invasion (in Abruzzo) during these years was enormous. In 2006 it emerged that the ambush against mafia boss Vitale was decided and settled in detail at Villa Rosa in Martinsicuro. On 10 September, Diego León Montoya Sánchez, the drug dealer deemed among the ten most wanted by the FBI, had one of his bases in Abruzzo. Nicola di Villano, cashier in a criminal-entrepreneurial organisation led by the Zagaria family of Casapesenna, repeatedly managed to escape capture and it was discovered that his shelter was located in the Abruzzo National Park, where he had the ability to move freely. Abruzzo has become a junction point for waste traffic. [...] Behind it all, obviously, the Camorra clans. In the following weeks, even major Italian institutions talked about the danger of criminal infiltration, noting that these risks would have been avoided with adequate supervision and inspections. On 15 April, President of the Chamber of Deputies Gianfranco Fini confirmed the need to "watch out for mafia infiltrations". On 17 April, Italian Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi, stated: "Exploitation will be impossible, we will reconstruct within 6 months keeping out exploitation and the mafia." Reconstruction progress In February 2025, the reconstruction was at 78% in L'Aquila city and in the region hit by the 2009 earthquake in terms of funding and 88% in terms of construction projects. The city was named Culture Capital for 2026 by the Minister of Culture. It is a gesture of reconciliation announced 15 years after the devastating earthquakes and the steady progress in rebuilding. This comes with one million euros to aid the city in preparing cultural events in 2026. The mayor felt this offered “an element around which to rebuild the social fabric of our community.”https://www.italymagazine.com/featured-story/laquila-abruzzo-named-italian-capital-culture-2026 Staff L'Aquila in Abruzzo Named Italian Capital of Culture for 2026 Italy Magazine March 15, 2024 February 3, 2025 State funeral thumb|210px|right|Cardinal Tarcisio Bertone presides over the state funeral ceremony On the morning of 10 April 2009, which was also Good Friday, a state funeral was held for 205 of the 291 victims of the earthquake. It was attended by Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi, President of the Republic Giorgio Napolitano, and many other politicians and church dignitaries. The funeral Mass was led by the Vatican's second highest official, Cardinal Tarcisio Bertone. The Vatican had earlier granted a special dispensation to hold a Mass on Good Friday, the only day on the Roman Catholic calendar on which Mass is not normally held. Near the end, an Islamic rite was held for the Muslim victims. In addition Friday was declared a national day of mourning, with flags flying at half staff, shops lowering their shutters and flights stopping at the airport for one minute of silence. Pope Benedict XVI later visited the areas affected by the L'Aquila earthquake on 28 April 2009. G8 summit The 35th G8 summit took place in the city of L'Aquila, Abruzzo, on 8–10 July 2009. It was moved from the Sardinian seaside city of La Maddalena as part of an attempt to redistribute disaster funds after the earthquake.23 April 2009 G8: Italy wants to move summit to L'Aquila ANSA – Political and Economic News Service / English Media Service Agenzia Nazionale Stampa Associata L'Aquilia 2009-04-23_123348249 $BL14334, 2009-04-23_123348236 WPE40114; Factiva ANSAPE0020090423e54n0036g, ANSAEN0020090423e54n000dx ANSAFitzgerald Erin Yun Sarah July 23, 2009 The Advent of the G14 FPIF Commentary Foreign Policy in Focus Inter-Hemispheric Resource Center Press Washington, DC 1524-1939 209937892Agnew Paddy July 4, 2009 Picking up the pieces: in L'Aquila The Irish Times 4 Dublin, Ireland 309164356Richard Owen Perugia April 23, 2009 Italy earthquake town L'Aquila to host G8 summit: Berlusconi https://www.thetimes.com/travel/destinations/europe-travel/italy/italy-earthquake-town-laquila-to-host-g8-summit-berlusconi-bfglspf5jbw live https://web.archive.org/web/20240428230849/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/italy-earthquake-town-laquila-to-host-g8-summit-berlusconi-bfglspf5jbw 2024-04-28 2024-04-28 The Sunday TimesPietrucci Pamela Rhetorical Topographies of Post-Earthquake L'Aquila: Locality, Activism, and Citizenship Engagement 2014 Ph.D. University of Washington, Department of Communication 68 UMI 3641612; 1622569493 978-1-321-27994-8 https://digital.lib.washington.edu/researchworks/handle/1773/26058 1773/26058 https://web.archive.org/web/20240419214209/https://digital.lib.washington.edu/researchworks/bitstream/handle/1773/26058/Pietrucci_washington_0250E_13769.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y 2024-04-19 Prosecutions A trial, which lasted from September 2011 until October 2012, found six scientists and a former government official guilty of involuntary manslaughter.vi 6 khoa học gia lãnh án vì không cảnh báo động đất. Accessed 23 June 2013. Archived 5 July 2013. According to the prosecution, they had spread "inaccurate, incomplete and contradictory" statements after preliminary tremors could be felt on the days before 6 April 2009. While scientists were found guilty for failing to give adequate warning,https://www.nytimes.com/2012/10/23/world/europe/italy-convicts-7-for-failure-to-warn-of-quake.html Italy Orders Jail Terms for 7 Who Didn't Warn of Deadly Earthquake The New York Times 22 October 2012 28 January 2013 Elisabetta Povoledo Henry Fountain the full text of the decision said that "science [was] not being tried for failing to predict the April 6, 2009 earthquake" ("Non è sottoposta a giudizio la scienza per non-essere riuscita a prevedere il terremoto del 6 aprile 2009"). The seven members of the National Commission for the Forecast and Prevention of Major Risks who were convicted were: Franco Barberi, head of Serious Risks Commission; Enzo Boschi, former president of the National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology; Giulio Lorenzo Selvaggi, director of National Earthquake Centre; Gian Michele Calvi, director of European Centre for Earthquake Engineering; Claudio Eva, physicist; Mauro Dolce, director of the Civil Protection Agency's earthquake risk office; Bernardo De Bernardinis, former vice-president of Civil Protection Agency's technical department. Boschi had called a major earthquake "unlikely", while not entirely excluding the possibility. De Bernardinis had informed the public that there was "no danger". The prosecutors cited a scientific opinion that the low-level tremors ahead of 6 April quake were typical of the seismic activity preceding major convulsions, but the defendants had classified them as a "normal geological phenomenon". They were criticised in court for being "falsely reassuring" and Judge Marco Billi gave them a six-year jail sentence on 22 October 2012, reasoning that they had provided "an assessment of the risks that was incomplete, inept, unsuitable, and criminally mistaken".https://www.dropbox.com/s/4e6bzasow1ogqhb/SENTENZA%20GRANDI%20RISCHI%20-%20completa.pdf?m Whole text of the sentence it abruzzo24ore.tvhttps://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2012/10/22/scientists-found-guilty-in-l-aquila-earthquake-trial Scientists Found Guilty in L'Aquila Earthquake Trial Barbie Latza Nadeau 22 October 2012 Daily Beast thedailybeast.com They were also banned from ever holding public office again and had to pay court costs and damages. Enzo Boschi, one of the convicted, said, "I thought I would have been acquitted. I still don't understand what I was convicted of." His co-defendant Claudio Eva said that "it was a very Italian and medieval decision." Their lawyers announced they would appeal the verdict, and it will not be finally decided until it is heard by the appellate court. The verdicts were strongly criticised by the British media and public. The journal Nature ran an editorial stating that the "verdict is perverse and the sentence ludicrous."http://www.nature.com/news/shock-and-law-1.11643 27 October 2012 "Shock and Law" (editorial) Malcolm Sperrin, a British scientist, said: If the scientific community is to be penalised for making predictions that turn out to be incorrect, or for not accurately predicting an event that subsequently occurs, then scientific endeavour will be restricted to certainties only, and the benefits that are associated with findings, from medicine to physics, will be stalled. This position was countered by other views. David Ropeik, writing for Scientific American, contested the "trial against science" thesis, describing it as "a judgment not against science, but against a failure of science communication".Scientific American The l'Aquila Verdict. A Judgment Not Against Science, but Against A Failure of Science Communication During the trial, other scientists attacked the scientific conduct of the commission. Professor Francesco Giovanni Maria Stoppa, a member of the commission until 2003, said: "They should have given information proportional to our knowledge, which in 2009 spotlighted a criticality in L'Aquila. Under those conditions, there were 5–6 days before the quake to give information, and this doesn't mean forecasting earthquakes."«Avrebbero dovuto dare una informazione proporzionata alle nostre conoscenze, che nel 2009 mettevano in luce una criticità all'Aquila. Nelle condizioni che c'erano 5 – 6 giorni prima del terremoto bisognava dare informazioni e questo non-vuol dire prevedere i terremoti» Il Capoluogo https://web.archive.org/web/20130516070448/http://ilcapoluogo.globalist.it/Detail_News_Display?ID=36154 16 May 2013 In protest over the prison sentences handed to his seven colleagues, Luciano Maiani, the head of Italy's disaster body, resigned.Italy disaster head Luciano Maiani quits over L'Aquila BBC https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-20039769 23 October 2012 In November 2014, the scientists' convictions were quashed by an appeals court, except for Bernardo De Bernardinis, whose sentence was reduced.https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-29996872 L'Aquila quake: Scientists see convictions overturned BBC News 10 November 2014https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/nov/10/laquila-earthquake-scientists-win-appeal-seismologists L'Aquila earthquake scientists win appeal John Hooper The Guardian 10 November 2014 The result of this appeal was definitively confirmed by the Italian Supreme Court, Corte di Cassazione, on 20 November 2015.Cartlidge Edwin Italy's supreme court clears L'Aquila earthquake scientists for good https://www.science.org/content/article/italy-s-supreme-court-clears-l-aquila-earthquake-scientists-good 30 November 2015 20 November 2015MacDonald Fiona Italy's earthquake scientists have been cleared for good http://www.sciencealert.com/italy-s-earthquake-scientists-have-been-cleared-for-good 30 November 2015 23 November 2015News Picks : Italian scientists acquitted in L'Aquila earthquake case http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/magazine/physicstoday/news/news-picks/italian-scientists-acquitted-in-l-aquila-earthquake-case-a-news-pick-post 30 November 2015 24 November 2015 See also Italy Earth sciences Major magnitude 6.3 earthquake strikes central Italy List of earthquakes in 2009 List of earthquakes in Italy 1703 Apennine earthquakes 1461 L'Aquila earthquake Roio Piano References http://english.aljazeera.net/news/europe/2009/04/2009410142223537907.html Italy mourns earthquake victims Al Jazeera English 10 April 2009 http://www.ansa.it/site/notizie/awnplus/english/news/2009-04-06_106344308.html https://web.archive.org/web/20090410083414/http://www.ansa.it/site/notizie/awnplus/english/news/2009-04-06_106344308.html dead 10 April 2009 Quake: 'Huge' artistic damage 6 April 2009 6 April 2009 ANSA http://www.ansa.it/site/notizie/awnplus/english/news/2009-04-06_106345298.html https://web.archive.org/web/20090409072019/http://www2.ansa.it/site/notizie/awnplus/english/news/2009-04-06_106345298.html dead 9 April 2009 Quake: Over 100 dead, 1,500 injured 6 April 2009 6 April 2009 ANSA Berlusconi: "Tre mie case per gli sfollati" http://www.corriere.it/cronache/09_aprile_10/sisma_funerali_a01cdc3e-259b-11de-bdf0-00144f02aabc.shtml?fr=box_primopiano Cronache (blog) Corriere della Sera Milan 10 April 2009 8 April 2009 it https://web.archive.org/web/20090413063236/http://www.corriere.it/cronache/09_aprile_10/sisma_funerali_a01cdc3e-259b-11de-bdf0-00144f02aabc.shtml?fr=box_primopiano 13 April 2009 live http://www.ana-mpa.gr/anaweb/user/showplain?maindoc=7483132&maindocimg=7480089&service=144 Trapped Greek student found dead in L' Aquila 7 April 2009 7 April 2009 ANA https://web.archive.org/web/20090413005810/http://www.ana-mpa.gr/anaweb/user/showplain?maindoc=7483132&maindocimg=7480089&service=144 13 April 2009 live https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/apr/06/italy-earthquake-abruzzo Background: Italy and earthquakes 6 April 2009 London Lewis Paul The Guardian https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-20025626 L'Aquila quake: Italy scientists guilty of manslaughter Alan Johnston BBC News 2012 22 October 2012 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8XNFk6yZMaQ Why did quake cause so much damage? 6 April 2009 1 minute 55 seconds Television production BBC News 6 April 2009February 2022 https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/7988832.stm Aftershock hits Italy quake zone 7 April 2009 BBC News London http://www.upi.com/Top_News/2009/04/07/Berlusconi-may-accept-US-aid/UPI-28361239129362/ Berlusconi may accept U.S. aid 7 April 2009 8 April 2009 United Press International https://web.archive.org/web/20090408215831/http://www.upi.com/Top_News/2009/04/07/Berlusconi-may-accept-US-aid/UPI-28361239129362/ 8 April 2009 live Berlusconi offers own homes to quake survivors https://www.reuters.com/article/latestCrisis/idUSLA418254 Reuters 10 April 2009 Silvia Aloisi 13 May 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090414162745/https://www.reuters.com/article/latestCrisis/idUSLA418254 14 April 2009 live http://www.bssaonline.org/cgi/content/abstract/99/2A/585?stoc Effect of Time Dependence on Probabilistic Seismic-Hazard Maps and Deaggregation for the Central Apennines, Italy The Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 99 2A 585 6 April 2009 6 April 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090410080953/http://www.bssaonline.org/cgi/content/abstract/99/2A/585?stoc 10 April 2009 live 2009BuSSA..99..585A Akinci A. Galadini F. Pantosti D. Petersen M. Malagnini L. Perkins D. 10.1785/0120080053 subscription Georges Louis Leclerc Buffon Buffon's Natural History 2 J.S. Barr 1792 316760617 London es http://www.clarin.com/diario/2009/04/07/um/m-01893217.htm Murió una argentina en el sismo de Italia 7 April 2009 9 April 2009 Gues 8 April 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090408213243/http://www.clarin.com/diario/2009/04/07/um/m-01893217.htm dead http://ultimahora.publico.clix.pt/noticia.aspx?id=1372923 Protecção Civil portuguesa pode disponibilizar ajuda a Itália em quatro horas Portuguese Civil Protection can provide aid to Italy within four hours https://web.archive.org/web/20090411193413/http://ultimahora.publico.clix.pt/noticia.aspx?id=1372923 11 April 2009 Portuguese Público Lisbon 6 April 2009 8 April 2009 http://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/europe/04/28/quake.italy.pope/ Pope visits Italian quake zone CNN 28 April 2009 http://www.corriere.it/cronache/09_aprile_08/nuovo_bilancio_terremoto_abruzzo_8f2d2710-23fe-11de-a75a-00144f02aabc.shtml Abruzzo in ginocchio, i morti sono 272 Ancora scosse. Venerdì i funerali di Stato 8 April 2009 it Corriere della Sera Milan https://web.archive.org/web/20090707223456/http://www.corriere.it/cronache/09_aprile_08/nuovo_bilancio_terremoto_abruzzo_8f2d2710-23fe-11de-a75a-00144f02aabc.shtml 7 July 2009 live https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/7987698.stm Death toll rises in Italy quake 7 April 2009 BBC News London http://www.agi.it/italy/news/200904072024-pol-ren0066-art.html Earthquake: Obama to Berlusconi, US ready to help 8 April 2009 8 April 2009 AGI https://web.archive.org/web/20090411083052/http://www.agi.it/italy/news/200904072024-pol-ren0066-art.html 11 April 2009 dead http://thelede.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/04/06/earthquake-warning-was-removed-from-internet/ The Lede (blog) Earthquake Warning Was Removed From Internet Mackey Robert The New York Times 6 April 2009 7 April 2009 http://www.emsc-csem.org/index.php?page=current&sub=filter&start_date=2009-03-30&end_date=2009-09-24&min_lat=42&max_lat=43&min_long=13&max_long=14&min_depth=&max_depth=&min_mag=4.0&max_mag= European-Mediterranean Seismological Centre 27 February 2010 EMSC http://www.asca.it/news-TERREMOTO__FIAT__2_5_MLN_PER_RICOSTRUZIONE_ASILO_COMUNALE_A_L_AQUILA-822307-ORA-.html Terremoto: Fiat, 2,5 MLN per Ricstruzione Asilo Comunale A L'Aquila it 8 April 2009 8 April 2009 ASCA https://web.archive.org/web/20090410062521/http://www.asca.it/news-TERREMOTO__FIAT__2_5_MLN_PER_RICOSTRUZIONE_ASILO_COMUNALE_A_L_AQUILA-822307-ORA-.html 10 April 2009 dead Fiorentina latest club to donate funds to quake victims 8 April 2009 Agence France-Presse Italy Quake Reconstruction to Cost at Least $16 Billion https://www.foxnews.com/story/italy-quake-reconstruction-to-cost-at-least-16-billion 23 October 2012 Fox News 15 April 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090419231821/http://www.foxnews.com/story/0%2C2933%2C515989%2C00.html 19 April 2009 live https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5gDyrK56IBq-cgmyJAsnvJDlONPMQ French first lady offers to help quake hospital 8 April 2009 8 April 2009 Agence France-Presse https://web.archive.org/web/20090411055146/https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5gDyrK56IBq-cgmyJAsnvJDlONPMQ 11 April 2009 dead Giampaolo Giuliani cronicle on researching quakes via radon precursor – Sismic tests – Network of radon concentration cells in Italy – Giuliani's letter to Italian Civil Defence http://www.chiocciolandia.it/index2.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_view&gid=3&Itemid=38 https://web.archive.org/web/20110722025903/http://www.chiocciolandia.it/index2.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_view&gid=3&Itemid=38 22 July 2011 dead 31 May 2009 Giampaolo Giuliani data and descriptions http://www.chiocciolandia.it/index.php?option=com_docman&task=cat_view&gid=14&Itemid=38 https://web.archive.org/web/20090603172933/http://www.chiocciolandia.it/index.php?option=com_docman&task=cat_view&gid=14&Itemid=38 3 June 2009 live 31 May 2009 http://racconta.kataweb.it/terremotoabruzzo/scheda.php?id=237&nome=De+La+Cruz+De+Acero+Corsina+Roberta#commentatutti il Centro – Le vittime del terremoto Abruzzo Racconta.kataweb.it 14 June 2012 http://www.ilmessaggero.it/articolo_app.php?id=16576&sez=HOME_INITALIA&npl=&desc_sez= Il Messaggero Rome Sfollati: treni gratis e niente pedaggio sulla A24 e sulla A25 26 June 2009 6 July 2009 it Internally displaced people: trains free and no tolls on the A24 and A25August 2023 InternetArchiveBot yes L'Enel: per 4 mesi niente bollette della luce e Sky sospende i pagamenti https://web.archive.org/web/20140815044805/http://www.ilsalvagente.it/Sezione.jsp?titolo=L%27Enel%3A%20per%204%20mesi%20niente%20bollette%20della%20luce%20e%20Sky%20sospende%20i%20pagamenti&idSezione=2800 15 August 2014 ilsalvagente.it, 10 April 2009 http://www.unionesarda.it/articoli/news/115416 Terremoto: Vodafone, rinviato l'invio delle bollette e saranno installate più antenne L'Unione Sarda 20 November 1948 6 July 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20120224075720/http://unionesarda.ilsole24ore.com/articoli/news/115416 24 February 2012 dead Earthquake: Vodafone, delayed submission of bills and more antennas will be installed Berlusconi: "Mafia e speculazione fuori dalla ricostruzione" http://www.iltempo.it/abruzzo/2012/12/04/berlusconi-mafia-e-speculazione-fuori-dalla-ricostruzione-1.193690 Il Tempo Rome 17 April 2009 30 May 2009 Berlusconi: "Mafia and speculation outside the reconstruction" https://web.archive.org/web/20131101174106/http://www.iltempo.it/abruzzo/2012/12/04/berlusconi-mafia-e-speculazione-fuori-dalla-ricostruzione-1.193690 1 November 2013 dead Istituto Nazionale Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV). Location of April 6, 2009 earthquake updated with all the available data https://web.archive.org/web/20090519195608/http://portale.ingv.it/primo-piano-1/news-archive/2009-news/april-6-earthquake/location-of-april-the-6th-2009-earthquake-updated-with-all-the-available-data/view?set_language=en 19 May 2009 . Retrieved 24 August 2009. 7 September 2009. Istituto Nazionale Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV). The L'Aquila seismic sequence – April 2009. Accessed 24 August 2009. Archived 7 September 2009. https://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5jkcWIUobzfe0DCXm1fJn_Xfj_QpgD97G7M700 Associated Press Investigation of building standards in quake zone 11 April 2009 13 May 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090414050139/https://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5jkcWIUobzfe0DCXm1fJn_Xfj_QpgD97G7M700 14 April 2009 dead http://www.tehrantimes.com/Index_view.asp?code=191728 Iran expresses sympathy over Italy quake FNA 8 April 2009 8 April 2009 Tehran Times https://web.archive.org/web/20090410090419/http://www.tehrantimes.com/Index_view.asp?code=191728 10 April 2009 live https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/italy/5114139/Italian-earthquake-experts-warnings-were-dismissed-as-scaremongering.html Nick Squires Gordon Rayner Italian earthquake: expert's warnings were dismissed as scaremongering 6 April 2009 6 October 2012 The Daily Telegraph London Italian scientist convicted over L'Aquila earthquake condemns 'medieval' court Tom Kington 23 October 2012 The Guardian https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/oct/23/italian-scientist-earthquake-condemns-court?newsfeed=true 23 October 2012 London Italian scientists convicted over earthquake warning Alberto Sisto https://www.reuters.com/article/us-italy-earthquake-court-idUSBRE89L13V20121022 Reuters London 22 October 2012 22 October 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20121023051304/http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/10/22/us-italy-earthquake-court-idUSBRE89L13V20121022 23 October 2012 live Alt URL Owen Richard Bannerman Lucy http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/europe/article6047691.ece https://web.archive.org/web/20110604230930/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/europe/article6047691.ece dead 4 June 2011 Italy in desperate race to save the buried after the earthquake 7 April 2009 The Times London Silvia Aloisi Italy quake exposes poor building standards http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/L7932819.htm Reuters 7 April 2009 17 April 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090416073042/http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/L7932819.htm 16 April 2009 live Italy quake kills at least 150, scores saved 6 April 2009 Agence France-Presse Factiva AFPR000020090407e547000jh Katia Dolmadjian The relevant sentence is reproduced in various newspapers, including: Vancouver Sun 7 April 2009 B1 Earthquake leaves at least 150 dead Factiva VNCS000020090407e54700017, 243998706; Northern Territory News/Sunday Territorian 8 April 2009 14 Survivor hopes fade as quake kills 179 https://global.factiva.com/redir/default.aspx?P=sa&NS=16&an=NORTHT0020090407e5480000s&drn=drn%3aarchive.newsarticle.NORTHT0020090407e5480000s&cat=a&ep=ASI; The Courier-Mail 8 April 2009 9 Rescuers save scores Factiva COUMAI0020090407e5480000f, 353754077; Sunshine Coast Daily 8 April 2009 25 Girl 'dug from grave' https://global.factiva.com/redir/default.aspx?P=sa&NS=16&an=APNSCD0020090407e548002e5&drn=drn%3aarchive.newsarticle.APNSCD0020090407e548002e5&cat=a&ep=ASI; The Province 7 April 2009 A13 Warning ignored, 150 killed, 1,500 injured https://www.newspapers.com/image/505841488/; National Post 8 April 2009 A11 Aftershocks Hamper Rescuers https://www.newspapers.com/image/514719043/; etc. http://www.adnkronos.com/AKI/English/Security/?id=3.0.3185190875 Italy: State of emergency after deadly central quake 6 April 2009 6 April 2009 Adnkronos International https://web.archive.org/web/20090410224455/http://www.adnkronos.com/AKI/English/Security/?id=3.0.3185190875 10 April 2009 live https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7986585.stm Row over Italian quake 'forecast' Lewis Aidan 6 April 2009 BBC News London http://www.abruzzo2000.com/abruzzo/laquila/laquila.htm L'Aquila, prov. of L'Aquila, Abruzzo Abruzzo2000.com 6 April 2009 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20090107041045/http://abruzzo2000.com/abruzzo/laquila/laquila.htm 7 January 2009 Roberto Saviano it La ricostruzione a rischio clan ecco il partito del terremoto http://www.repubblica.it/2009/04/sezioni/cronaca/sisma-aquila-5/saviano/saviano.html La Repubblica Rome 14 April 2009 30 May 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090502145639/http://www.repubblica.it/2009/04/sezioni/cronaca/sisma-aquila-5/saviano/saviano.html 2 May 2009 live http://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-actu/2009/04/07/01011-20090407FILWWW00418-italieseisme-une-francaise-tuee.php Le Figaro Paris Italie/séisme: Une française tuée 7 April 2009 Agence France-Presse fr https://web.archive.org/web/20090619103703/http://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-actu/2009/04/07/01011-20090407FILWWW00418-italieseisme-une-francaise-tuee.php 19 June 2009 live http://www.livescience.com/24164-italian-scientists-earthquake-verdict.html Italian Scientists Get 6 Years for Earthquake Statements | LiveScience Stephanie Pappas livescience.com 2012 22 October 2012 http://www.makfax.com.mk/en-us/Details.aspx?itemID=2774 https://web.archive.org/web/20090410060433/http://www.makfax.com.mk/en-us/Details.aspx?itemID=2774 dead 10 April 2009 Macedonia offers aid to Italy after earthquake 7 April 2009 8 April 2009 Makfax Хакик Бајрами шестиот македонски граѓанин кој загина во Италија http://a1.com.mk/vesti/default.aspx?VestID=106929 A1 TV 9 April 2009 mk https://web.archive.org/web/20090411040428/http://a1.com.mk/vesti/default.aspx?VestID=106929 11 April 2009 dead| https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5hnb-_6O2c6h0cILHnoyoGiUfLioA Napoli to donate match funds to quake victims 8 April 2009 8 April 2009 Agence France-Presse https://web.archive.org/web/20090410171807/https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5hnb-_6O2c6h0cILHnoyoGiUfLioA 10 April 2009 dead NHESS – Abstract – The earthquake lights (EQL) of the 6 April 2009 Aquila earthquake, in Central Italy Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 10 5 967–978 6 April 2009 10.5194/nhess-10-967-2010 Fidani C. free Kenneth Chang Earthquakes' Many Mysteries Stymie Efforts to Predict Them https://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/14/science/14quak.html The New York Times 13 April 2009 https://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/08/world/europe/08quake.html Rescuers Scramble in Search for Quake Survivors Donadio Rachel Povoledo Elisabetta 8 April 2009 The New York Times Donadio, Rachel. "Thousands Mourn Quake Victims at Funeral Mass", The New York Times, 10 April 2009. https://www.ctvnews.ca/officials-to-probe-building-standards-in-quake-zone-1.388420 https://web.archive.org/web/20160127163912/http://www.ctvnews.ca/officials-to-probe-building-standards-in-quake-zone-1.388420 dead 27 January 2016 CTV Toronto Officials to probe building standards in quake zone 11 April 2009 22 July 2009 http://www.repubblica.it/2009/04/motori/auto-aprile/sangue-operai-fiat/sangue-operai-fiat.html Operai Fiat Zastava in Serbia offrono sangue per i terremotati it 8 April 2009 8 April 2009 La Repubblica Rome Pope visits Italian village hit hardest by earthquake John Hooper https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/apr/28/pope-visits-earthquake-zone The Guardian London 28 April 2009 19 May 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090501122924/http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/apr/28/pope-visits-earthquake-zone 1 May 2009 live https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7984867.stm Powerful Italian quake kills many 6 April 2009 20 August 2019 BBC News London http://www.cyberpresse.ca/international/europe/200904/06/01-843911-les-thermes-de-caracalla-a-rome-touches-par-le-seisme.php Montreal Les Thermes de Caracalla, à Rome, touchés par le séisme fr 6 April 2009 La Presse Cinci români, printre victimele cutremurului din Italia http://www.realitatea.net/patru-romani--printre-victimele-cutremurului-din-italia_490777.html Realitatea TV 8 April 2009 ro 7 April 2009 http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-04/07/content_11140277.htm Serbian leaders offer condolences to Italian earthquake victims 7 April 2009 8 April 2009 Xinhua News Agency https://web.archive.org/web/20090410021654/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-04/07/content_11140277.htm 10 April 2009 dead http://it.reuters.com/article/entertainmentNews/idITMIE5370PP20090408 Sisma, Madonna dona soldi alle vittime in Abruzzo it 8 April 2009 8 April 2009 Reuters https://web.archive.org/web/20090410013428/http://it.reuters.com/article/entertainmentNews/idITMIE5370PP20090408 10 April 2009 dead http://www.sta.si/en/vest.php?s=a&id=1379890 Slovenia Offers Help to Italy After Quake 8 April 2009 8 April 2009 STA https://web.archive.org/web/20090410003607/http://www.sta.si/en/vest.php?s=a&id=1379890 10 April 2009 live Falconi Marta The Guardian London https://www.theguardian.com/world/feedarticle/8442691 Strong quake in Italy kills over 150, wounds 1,500 Associated Press 7 April 2009 Giuliani said Monday that he was placed under investigation by prosecutors for causing alarm after he sent warnings of a pending quake in the Sulmona area http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-04/07/content_11140271.htm Switzerland offers help after quake in Italy 8 April 2009 8 April 2009 Xinhua News Agency https://web.archive.org/web/20090410021649/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-04/07/content_11140271.htm 10 April 2009 dead http://news.tecnozoom.it/in-evidenza/terremoto-in-abruzzo-anche-tim-e-fastweb-si-mobilitano-post-7985.html Terremoto in Abruzzo: anche Tim e Fastweb si mobilitano | Tecnozoom News.tecnozoom.it 6 July 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090830010155/http://news.tecnozoom.it/in-evidenza/terremoto-in-abruzzo-anche-tim-e-fastweb-si-mobilitano-post-7985.html 30 August 2009 live Luca Spinelli Terremoto in Abruzzo: l'ombra di mafia e camorra Basel http://www.lanotizia.ch/editoriali/terremoto-in-abruzzo-lombra-di-mafia-e-camorra/636 LaNotizia it 7 April 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090410061053/http://www.lanotizia.ch/editoriali/terremoto-in-abruzzo-lombra-di-mafia-e-camorra/636 10 April 2009 live http://www.asca.it/news-TERREMOTO__POSTEMOBILE__10_EURO_RICARICA_A_CLIENTI_PROVINCIA_L_AQUILA-822679-ECO&comunicati=1-.html Terremoto Postemobile 10 Euro Ricarica A Clienti Provincia L Aquila – Agenzia di stampa Asca ASCA 9 April 2009 6 July 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090412103612/http://www.asca.it/news-TERREMOTO__POSTEMOBILE__10_EURO_RICARICA_A_CLIENTI_PROVINCIA_L_AQUILA-822679-ECO&comunicati=1-.html 12 April 2009 dead http://www.ansa.it/site/notizie/awnplus/italia/news/2009-04-07_107356303.html https://web.archive.org/web/20090408210432/http://www.ansa.it/site/notizie/awnplus/italia/news/2009-04-07_107356303.html dead 8 April 2009 Terremoto: morto per infarto a Roma it 7 April 2009 10 April 2009 ANSA http://www.asca.it/news-TERREMOTO__UFFICIO_MOBILE_POSTE_DI_PAGANICA_PAGA_PRIME_3_PENSIONI-822127-ORA-.html Terremoto: Ufficio mobile poste di paganica paga prime 3 pensioni ASCA 8 April 2009 6 July 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20110716235012/http://www.asca.it/news-TERREMOTO__UFFICIO_MOBILE_POSTE_DI_PAGANICA_PAGA_PRIME_3_PENSIONI-822127-ORA-.html 16 July 2011 dead TG1 – TG1 Integrale Funerali http://www.rai.tv/dl/RaiTV/programmi/media/ContentItem-453776b4-e61c-4101-97aa-09013af2f169.html?p=0 TG1 it 10 April 2009 10 April 2009June 2016 medicmedic TG1 ed. 08.00 08.04 integrale http://www.rai.tv/dl/RaiTV/programmi/media/ContentItem-d1df6706-b680-47e8-88ad-d3a689661eff.html?p=0 TG1 8 April 2009 it 9 April 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20140407072232/http://www.rai.tv/dl/RaiTV/programmi/media/ContentItem-d1df6706-b680-47e8-88ad-d3a689661eff.html?p=0 7 April 2014 dead Sisma, Fini: "Vigilare su infiltrazioni mafia" http://tg24.sky.it/tg24/cronaca/2009/04/15/Sisma_Fini_Vigilare_su_infiltrazioni_mafia.html it SKY TG24 15 April 2009 30 May 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090418193056/http://tg24.sky.it/tg24/cronaca/2009/04/15/Sisma_Fini_Vigilare_su_infiltrazioni_mafia.html 18 April 2009 live The earthquake lights (EQL) of the 6 April 2009 Aquila earthquake, in Central Italy, NHESS, V.10, p.967, 2010. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 10 5 967–978 10.5194/nhess-10-967-2010 2010 Fidani C. free Naughton Philippe http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/europe/article6058369.ece https://web.archive.org/web/20110604231123/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/europe/article6058369.ece dead 4 June 2011 Berlusconi gaffe as he says quake homeless should enjoy 'a camping weekend' 8 April 2009 The Times London http://www2.ogs.trieste.it/bgta/pdf/bgta0034_FIDANI.pdf Archived copy 12 December 2011 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20120425162301/http://www2.ogs.trieste.it/bgta/pdf/bgta0034_FIDANI.pdf 25 April 2012 http://www.worldbulletin.net/news_detail.php?id=39566 Turkey Red Crescent offers help to quake hit-Italy 8 April 2009 8 April 2009 AA https://web.archive.org/web/20090410203339/http://www.worldbulletin.net/news_detail.php?id=39566 10 April 2009 usurped http://www.unian.net/eng/news/news-310121.html Eight-year-old Ukrainian girl killed in earthquake in Italy 8 April 2009 UNIAN https://web.archive.org/web/20090410232218/http://www.unian.net/eng/news/news-310121.html 10 April 2009 live M6.3 – central Italy https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/usp000gvtu#general_region United States Geological Survey http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/589648.html Viajan Topos Mexicanos a Italia es 8 April 2009 El Universal Mexico City https://web.archive.org/web/20090411025831/http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/589648.html 11 April 2009 live http://racconta.kataweb.it/terremotoabruzzo/index.php il Centro Le vittime del Terremoto 2 June 2009 6 September 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20100906001829/http://racconta.kataweb.it/terremotoabruzzo/index.php dead http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/world/04/06/09/world-leaders-offer-sympathy-aid-quake-hit-italy World sends sympathy, offers aid to quake-hit Italy 8 April 2009 8 April 2009 ABS-CBN News and Current Affairs http://www.kp.ru/online/news/224415/ ЧИНКОВА Елена ru:Украина готова направить в Италию отряд спасателей и мобильный госпиталь ru 7 April 2009 8 April 2009 Komsomolskaya Pravda Moscow https://web.archive.org/web/20090410190852/http://www.kp.ru/online/news/224415/ 10 April 2009 live http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3699315,00.html Roee Nahmias Body of Israeli missing since Italy quake found 8 April 2009 ynet https://web.archive.org/web/20090411083155/http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3699315,00.html 11 April 2009 live 8 April 2009 External links 5.6-magnitude aftershock earthquake strikes Italy Pace, B.; Peruzza, L.; Boncio, P.; Lavecchia, G., "Layered Seismogenic Source Model and Probabilistic Seismic-Hazard Analyses in Central Italy", Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, vol.96, p. 107–132, February 2006. Akinci, A.; Galadini, F.; Pantosti, D.; Petersen, M.D.; Malagnini, L.; Perkins, D., "Effect of Time Dependence on Probabilistic Seismic-Hazard Maps and Deaggregation for the Central Apennines, Italy" https://web.archive.org/web/20110930202356/http://www.bssaonline.org/cgi/content/abstract/99/2A/585?stoc 30 September 2011 , Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, vol.99, no.2A, p. 585–610, April 2009, 10.1785/0120080053 Carraro, F.; Giardino, M., "Geological evidence of recent fault evolution; examples from Camp Imperatore, L'Aquila, central Apennines", Il Quaternario, vol. 5, 1992, p. 181–200. Fidani, C., "The earthquake lights (EQL) of the 6 April 2009 Aquila earthquake, in Central Italy", NHESS, vol.10, p. 967, 2010. Kerr, Richard A., "After the Quake, in Search of the Science --- or Even a Good Prediction", Science Magazine, vol. 324, 17 April 2009, p. 322. Koukoufikis G. 2019. Post-disaster redevelopment and the "knowledge city": limitations of an urban imaginary in L'Aquila Noi L'Aquila PreventionWeb 2009 L'Aquila earthquake 13438018 eq-2009-000072-ita L'Aquila earthquake L'Aquila earthquake 2009 Earthquake L'Aquila earthquake Category:Earthquakes in Italy Earthquake 2009 Category:Disasters in Abruzzo Category:Colosseum