1 Samuel 13

First Book of Samuel chapter 1 Samuel 13 1 Samuel 12 chapter 12 1 Samuel 14 chapter 14 First book of Samuel Old Testament 9 Nevi'im 3 Former Prophets Leningrad-codex-08-samuel.pdf 250px The pages containing the Books of Samuel (1 & 2 Samuel) in Leningrad Codex (1008 CE). 1 Samuel 13 is the thirteenth chapter of the First Book of Samuel in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible or the first part of the Books of Samuel in the Hebrew Bible.Halley 1965 181 According to Jewish tradition the book was attributed to the prophet Samuel, with additions by the prophets Gad and Nathan,Hirsch Emil G. SAMUEL, BOOKS OF http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/13080-samuel-books-of www.jewishencyclopedia.com but modern scholars view it as a composition of a number of independent texts of various ages from c. 630–540 BCE.Knight 1995 62Jones 2007 197 This chapter contains Saul's act of disobedience after his coronation.Coogan 2007 418 Hebrew Bible This is within a section comprising 1 Samuel 7–15 which records the rise of the monarchy in Israel and the account of the first years of King Saul.Jones 2007 203 Text This chapter was originally written in the Hebrew language. It is divided into 23 verses. Textual witnesses Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text tradition, which includes the Codex Cairensis (895), Aleppo Codex (10th century), and Codex Leningradensis (1008).Würthwein 1995 35-37 Extant ancient manuscripts of a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint (originally was made in the last few centuries BCE) include Codex Vaticanus (B; B; 4th century).Würthwein 1995 73-741 Samuel 12:17–14:9 (1 leaf) and Psalms 49:20–79:11 (9 leaves) are missing from Codex Alexandrinus. Würthwein Ernst Der Text des Alten Testaments Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft 2nd Stuttgart 1988 85 3-438-06006-XThe whole book of 1 Samuel is missing from the extant Codex Sinaiticus.Codex Sinaiticus Places Israel 240 right Ancient Israel Places mentioned in this chapter Israel 31.942 35.222 Blue pog.svg 6 Bethel 100 top Israel 31.8767 35.1287 Blue pog.svg 6 Bethoron 100 left Israel 32.033 35.4757 Blue pog.svg 6 Gilgal 100 right Israel 31.823333 35.231111 Blue pog.svg 6 Gibeah 100 bottom Israel 32.398983 35.595106 Blue pog.svg 1 Gilead 100 right Israel 31.8719 35.2761 Blue pog.svg 6 Michmash 100 right Israel 31.5 35.3 Blue pog.svg 1 Dead Sea 100 right Israel 33 34 Red pog.svg 1 Mediterranean Sea 100 right Bethel Gibeah Gilead Gilgal Michmash Bethoron Analysis Saul was appointed as a king to save his people 'from the hand of their enemies' (10:1), specifically the Philistines (9:16), that had a strong presence in the central hill country of Israel, were able to send out bands of raiders into different territories of Israel and controlled the manufacture of metal equipments for agricultural and weapons.Jones 2007 206 He had to establish a standing army (verse 2), not just a militia, and achieved an initial success under the leadership of Jonathan, his son, against Philistine garrisons, despite with less force and inferior weapons.Jones 2007 206 The Philistines mustered their large and powerful army causing the Israelites to flee eastwards to hide in the hills and some even went into Transjordan area (verses 6–7), even some in the Israelite army went away (verse 8). This became the setting for the battle of Michmash, where a Philistine garrison had been placed to guard a pass in the area (verse 23).Jones 2007 206 One major emphasis in this chapter is on the disobedience of Saul, which affects the future of his kingship (verse 13, cf. 12:14).Jones 2007 206 Saul's failure to follow God's instruction through Samuel had doomed his dynasty and God chose another king who would obey.Jones 2007 206 Thus, this chapter contains the first prediction of David to be the king of Israel.Evans 2018 145 War with the Philistines (13:1–7) Battle of Michmash Even as the Philistines had decisively been defeated by the Israelites led by Samuel (1 Samuel 7), they still pose a threat to Israel (cf. 1 Samuel 9:16), and would be a problem for Saul throughout his reign.Evans 2018 148–149 Jonathan's successful attack on the Philistine outpost in Geba incited bigger conflicts.Evans 2018 149 Saul assembled an army but now the Philistines had big military advantage, which caused many Israelites to flee to another place (verse 6) and leave the army (verse 7), leaving Saul in Gilgal with a dim prospect for the next battle.Evans 2018 149 Verse 1 Saul reigned one year; and when he had reigned two years over Israel,1 Samuel 13:1 KJV KJV "Reigned one year" translated from Hebrew: he בן שנה שאול במלכו, ben H 1121-shā-nāh H 8141 shā-’ūl H 7586 bə-mā-lə-ḵōw H 4427.1 Samuel 13:1 Hebrew Text Analysis. Biblehub This verse is absent in the Greek Septuagint version.Jones 2007 206 Some Bible versions assume that some words are corrupted, so the numbers depicting Saul's age when he began to reign, and the length of his reign are missing.Barnes, Albert. Notes on the Bible – 1 Samuel 13. James Murphy (ed). London: Blackie & Son, 1884. Reprint, Grand Rapids: Baker Books, 1998. In the Hexapla version, Origin inserted the word "thirty" for Saul's age (now used in NIV, NLT, CSB, etc.). However, it may not be correct because, at that time, Jonathan was old enough to command an army (verse 2) and capable of performing heroic acts (1 Samuel 14:14).Exell, Joseph S.; Spence-Jones, Henry Donald Maurice (Editors). On "1 Samuel 13". In: The Pulpit Commentary. 23 volumes. First publication: 1890. Accessed 24 April 2019. Josephus states that Saul reigned eighteen years in the lifetime of Samuel and twenty-two years after his death, for a total of forty years,Josephus. Antiquities of the Jews. Book 6 chapter 14, section 9. which agrees with Acts 13:21 9.Gill, John. Exposition of the Entire Bible. "1 Samuel 13". Published in 1746–1763. Saul's grandson, Mephibosheth, was five years old at Saul's death (2 Samuel 4:4). Verse 2 Saul chose him three thousand men of Israel; whereof two thousand were with Saul in Michmash and in mount Bethel, and a thousand were with Jonathan in Gibeah of Benjamin: and the rest of the people he sent every man to his tent.1 Samuel 13:2 KJV KJV "3000 men": This is the beginning of a standing army in Israel,Ellicott, C. J. (Ed.) (1905). Ellicott's Bible Commentary for English Readers. 1 Samuel 13. London : Cassell and Company, Limited, [1905-1906] Online version: (OCoLC) 929526708. Accessed 28 April 2019. out of the 300,000 men that fought the Ammonites with Saul and returned with him to Gilgal. "Michmash": was four miles from Gilgal,Bunting, Travels of the Patriarchs, &c. p. 126. nine miles from Jerusalem, near the village Rama (modern al-Ram).Jerome, De loc Heb. fol. 93. F. Once was called "Byra",Adrichomius, Thestrum Terrae S. p. 28. which may be the same with Beer, where Jotham fled after he had delivered his parable (Judges 9:21).Maundrell, Journey from Aleppo, p. 64. In the Misnah, the city was celebrated for bringing forth the best wheat.Menachot, c. 8. sect. 1. It is identified with the modern village, "Mukhmas", on the north of Wadi es-Suweinit, a 'deep ravine with precipitous sides running from the highlands of Benjamin to Jericho', on the south of which lays Geba (now Jaba').Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges. 1 Samuel 13. Accessed 28 April 2019. "Mount Bethel": east of the ancient city of Bethel,Jerome wrote that 'Bethel was over against Michmash' in De loc Heb., fol. 89. G. and this could be the same as the place where Abraham built an altar near Bethel (Genesis 12:8), because Michmash lays to the east of Bethel. "Gibeah": hometown of Saul, a few miles to the southwest of Geba (cf. 1 Samuel 10:5). In the Cambridge Bible it is conjectured that when Saul occupied Michmash the Philistines moved their post at Gibeah (1 Samuel 10:5) to Geba, to more closely monitor Saul's movement, so Jonathan seized Gibeah, from where he attacked Geba (1 Samuel 13:3), a victory that was given credit to Saul as well.Coogan 2007 418 Hebrew Bible A late prophet and a premature sacrifice (13:8–14) Saul waited seven days in Gilgal for Samuel to come performing the offerings before God (verse 13:8), in reference to the specific instruction in 1 Samuel 10:8, but when his army began to scatter, he decided to act on Samuel's advice in 1 Samuel 10:7 ("do whatever your hands find to do for God is with you") by offering the sacrifice without waiting for Samuel.Evans 2018 149 Ironically, Samuel showed up just when Saul finished the burnt offering, before offered fellowship offerings.Evans 2018 149 Saul's defense of his actions reveals his superstitious character, that his movitation of the offerings was to seek 'the Lord's favor' for the battle as a kind of "good luck" charm,Evans 2018 150 a beginning move towards superstition and witchcraft as noticed by early church father, John Chrysostom.Franke, Joshua, Judges, Ruth, 1–2 Samuel, p. 242 Saul's major sin is perhaps his attempt to 'usurp Samuel's role of religious leadership'.Coogan 2007 419 Hebrew Bible Because of this act, Samuel told Saul that his kingdom would not endure (verse 14), although Saul was still king and apparently God would still give him one more chance to show his obedience in the case of fighting the Amalekites, which Saul again failed and so was declared publicly that God had rejected Saul as king of Israel (15:26) and given his kingdom to 'one of his neighbors' (15:28).Evans 2018 150 Verse 14 But now your kingdom shall not continue. The LORD has sought for Himself a man after His own heart, and the LORD has commanded him to be commander over His people, because you have not kept what the LORD commanded you."1 Samuel 13:14 NKJV NKJV "A man after His own heart": this is often misinterpreted as having "a heart similar to God's", which could be questionable when applied to David who committed many sins, but the Hebrew term "heart" really refers to "will" or "choice", so the phrase actually means "after God's choice" as also found in various verses in the Bible and all points to "desire", "will" or "choice" (cf. 1 Samuel 14:7; Psalm 20:4; Jeremiah 3:15).Evans 2018 145 Troop movement and Philistine's metal monopoly (13:15–23) After giving his rebuke, Samuel left for Gibeah, then Saul, after counting his remaining army, decided to go to the same place.Evans 2018 150 Saul's men decreased greatly from the 300,000 men against the Ammonites to 3000 men now down to 600 soldiers.Evans 2018 150 Apparently his action to burn the offerings did not help to encourage more soldiers and furthermore, the full-scale battle did not start immediately.Evans 2018 150 Verses 19–22 explain how the Philistines monopolized metalworking in the area, so only Saul and Jonathan had sword among the Israelites (13:22). That the Philistines had much better weapons caused the people of Israel to fear them even more.Evans 2018 150 See also 22em Gad Geba Goad Israelites Jordan River Mattock Pim weight Shofar Slaughter offering Smith (metalwork) Related Bible parts: 1 Samuel 3, 1 Samuel 9, 1 Samuel 10, 1 Samuel 11, 1 Samuel 12 Notes References Sources Commentaries on Samuel Auld Graeme 1 & 2 Samuel https://books.google.com/books?id=2Vo-11umIZQC&pg=PA213 James D. G. Dunn and John William Rogerson Eerdmans Commentary on the Bible Eerdmans 2003 978-0-8028-3711-0 Bergen David T. 1, 2 Samuel https://books.google.com/books?id=eGT6fWsajqcC B&H Publishing Group 1996 978-0-8054-0107-3 Chapman Stephen B. 1 Samuel as Christian Scripture: A Theological Commentary Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company 2016 978-1-4674-4516-0 https://books.google.com/books?id=kS4XDAAAQBAJ Evans Paul 1-2 Samuel The Story of God Bible Commentary Tremper Longman Zondervan Academic 2018 978-0-310-49094-4 https://books.google.com/books?id=Uy8-DwAAQBAJ Gordon Robert I & II Samuel, A Commentary https://books.google.com/books?id=JMJ1ZAnswuUC&dq=I+%26+II+Samuel:+a+commentary+Gordon&pg=PA338 Paternoster Press 1986 978-0-310-23022-9 Hertzberg Hans Wilhelm I & II Samuel, A Commentary https://books.google.com/books?id=friNN7IdjOIC&q=Saul+appointed+anointed+instituted&pg=PA19 Westminster John Knox Press 1964 trans. from German 2nd edition 1960 978-0-664-22318-2 19 Tsumura David Toshio The First Book of Samuel https://books.google.com/books?id=iLKAlhLDkMwC Eerdmans 2007 978-0-8028-2359-5 General Breytenbach Andries Past, Present, Future: the Deuteronomistic History and the Prophets Brill 2000 Who Is Behind The Samuel Narrative? https://books.google.com/books?id=uP22QHpnKq8C&dq=Breytenbach+Who+is+behind+the+Samuel+narrative&pg=PA50 Johannes Cornelis de Moor and H.F. Van Rooy 9789004118713 Coogan Michael David Michael D. Coogan The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books: New Revised Standard Version, Issue 48 Coogan Michael David Marc Zvi Brettler Carol Ann Newsom Pheme Perkins Augmented 3rd Oxford University Press 2007 978-0-19-528881-0 https://books.google.com/books?id=HmpMPgAACAAJ Fitzmyer Joseph A. Joseph Fitzmyer A Guide to the Dead Sea Scrolls and Related Literature William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company https://books.google.com/books?id=TILXeWJ2eNAC 2008 978-0-8028-6241-9 Grand Rapids, MI Halley Henry H. Henry Hampton Halley Halley's Bible Handbook: an abbreviated Bible commentary 24th (revised) Zondervan Publishing House 1965 https://archive.org/details/halleysbiblehand00henr registration 0-310-25720-4 Hayes Christine Introduction to the Bible Yale University Press 2015 https://books.google.com/books?id=SKbkXYHxvlAC 978-0-300-18827-1 Jones Gwilym H. 12. 1 and 2 Samuel The Oxford Bible Commentary John Barton John Barton (theologian) John Muddiman John Muddiman Oxford University Press first (paperback) 2007 196–232 978-0-19-927718-6 https://books.google.com/books?id=ZJdVkgEACAAJ February 6, 2019 Klein R.W. Samuel, books of https://books.google.com/books?id=6OJvO2jMCr8C Bromiley, Geoffrey W The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia Eerdmans 2003 978-0-8028-3784-4 Knight Douglas A https://books.google.com/books?id=SNLN1nEEys0C&q=630+BCE&pg=PA62 James Luther Mays, David L. Petersen and Kent Harold Richards Chapter 4 Deuteronomy and the Deuteronomists Old Testament Interpretation T&T Clark 1995 978-0-567-29289-6 Ulrich Eugene The Biblical Qumran Scrolls: Transcriptions and Textual Variants 2010 Brill https://archive.org/details/TheBiblicalQumranScrolls Würthwein Ernst Ernst Würthwein The Text of the Old Testament Wm. B. Eerdmans Grand Rapids, MI 1995 Erroll F. Rhodes 0-8028-0788-7 https://books.google.com/books?id=FSNKSBObCYwC January 26, 2019 External links Jewish translations: Shmuel I – I Samuel – Chapter 13 (Judaica Press). Hebrew text and English translation [with Rashi's commentary] at Chabad.org Christian translations: Online Bible at GospelHall.org (ESV, KJV, Darby, American Standard Version, Bible in Basic English) 1 Samuel chapter 13. Bible Gateway 13 Category:Philistines