1992 Summer Olympics

Multi-sport event in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain Barcelona '92 the Summer Paralympics 1992 Summer Paralympics February 2025 May 2019 1992 Summer Olympics 1992 Summer Olympics logo.svg 230 Emblem of the 1992 Summer Olympics Barcelona, Spain Friends for Life(Spanish: Amigos para siempre, Catalan: Amics per sempre) 169 9,356 (6,652 men, 2,704 women)Barcelona 1992 Summer Olympics – Athletes, Medals & Results International Olympic Committee olympics.com https://olympics.com/en/olympic-games/barcelona-1992 19 September 2024 29 September 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220929202347/https://olympics.com/en/olympic-games/barcelona-1992 live 257 in 25 sports (34 disciplines) 25 July 1992 9 August 1992 King Juan Carlos IFactsheet - Opening Ceremony of the Games of the Olympiad https://stillmed.olympic.org/Documents/Reference_documents_Factsheets/Opening_ceremony_of_the_Games_of_the_Olympiad.pdf live International Olympic Committee 9 October 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20160814215458/https://stillmed.olympic.org/Documents/Reference_documents_Factsheets/Opening_ceremony_of_the_Games_of_the_Olympiad.pdf 14 August 2016 22 December 2018 IOC president Juan Antonio Samaranch Antonio Rebollo Estadi Olímpic de Montjuïc Seoul 1988 Atlanta 1996 Albertville 1992 Lillehammer 1994 The 1992 Summer Olympics (es Juegos Olímpicos de Verano de 1992, ca Jocs Olímpics d'estiu de 1992), officially the Games of the XXV Olympiad (es Juegos de la XXV Olimpiada, ca Jocs de la XXV Olimpíada) and officially branded as Barcelona '92, were an international multi-sport event held from 25 July to 9 August 1992 in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. Beginning in 1994, the International Olympic Committee decided to hold the Summer and Winter Olympics in alternating even-numbered years. The 1992 Summer and Winter Olympics were the last games to be staged in the same year.http://www.olympic.org/en/content/Olympic-Games/All-Past-Olympic-Games/Winter/Albertville-1992/ Albertville 1992 www.olympic.org 12 March 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20260113054650/https://www.olympics.com/en/olympic-games/albertville-1992 13 January 2026 live These games were the second and last two consecutive Olympic games to be held in Western Europe after the 1992 Winter Olympics in Albertville, France, held five months earlier. It is also the second Olympic Games to be held in a Spanish-speaking country, following the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City. The 1992 Games received universal acclaim, with the organisation, volunteers, sportsmanship, and Spanish public being lauded in the international media. Some mediaFebruary 2025 describe the Barcelona Games as one of the best Olympics ever.Simon Kuper https://www.ft.com/content/be6c3c56-6e64-11dc-b818-0000779fd2ac https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/be6c3c56-6e64-11dc-b818-0000779fd2ac.html 10 December 2022 subscription Beijing strikes gold in the propaganda Olympics Financial Times 29 September 2007 10The Coca Cola Olympics The Irish Times 5 August 1996 15 The Games showed a renewed image of a democratic Spain and projected Barcelona and Catalonia to the world. Owing to the Games, the city of Barcelona was remarkably transformed.https://www.barcelona-metropolitan.com/features/6-ways-the-1992-olympics-transformed-barcelon/ 6 Ways the 1992 Olympics Transformed Barcelona 22 July 2022 www.barcelona-metropolitan.com 21 August 2024 21 August 2024 https://web.archive.org/web/20240821213717/https://www.barcelona-metropolitan.com/features/6-ways-the-1992-olympics-transformed-barcelon/ live All the venues are still active, and the legacy of the 1992 Games was taken as an example for future Olympic events, such as London 2012.https://www.barcelonaglobal.org/blog/en/barcelona-city-of-talent/30-anos-desde-los-juegos-olimplicos-que-cambiaron-barcelona/ 30 years since the Olympic Games changed Barcelona for good 27 July 2022 Open University of Catalonia 21 August 2024 21 August 2024 https://web.archive.org/web/20240821213717/https://www.barcelonaglobal.org/blog/en/barcelona-city-of-talent/30-anos-desde-los-juegos-olimplicos-que-cambiaron-barcelona/ live The 1992 Summer Games were the first since the end of the Cold War, and the first unaffected by boycotts since the 1972 Summer Games.http://www.olympic.org/barcelona-1992-summer-olympics Barcelona 1992 Summer Olympics | Olympic Videos, Photos, News Olympic.org 4 December 2011 25 December 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20181225173538/https://www.olympic.org/barcelona-1992-summer-olympics%20 live 1992 was also the first year South Africa was re-invited to the Olympic Games by the International Olympic Committee, after a 32-year ban from participating in international sport due to apartheid. https://www.nytimes.com/1991/11/07/sports/olympics-an-era-ends-another-begins-south-africa-to-go-to-olympics.html OLYMPICS; an Era Ends, Another Begins: South Africa to Go to Olympics The New York Times 7 November 1991 Wren Christopher S. 22 December 2022 30 October 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20221222010352/https://www.nytimes.com/1991/11/07/sports/olympics-an-era-ends-another-begins-south-africa-to-go-to-olympics.html live The Unified Team (made up by the former Soviet republics without the Baltic states) topped the medal table, winning 45 gold and 112 overall medals. Host city selection Barcelona was the second-largest city in Spain and the capital of the autonomous community of Catalonia; it is also the hometown of then-IOC president Juan Antonio Samaranch and the famous European club FC Barcelona. The city was also a host for the 1982 FIFA World Cup. On 17 October 1986, Barcelona was selected to host the 1992 Summer Olympics over Amsterdam, which hosted the 1928 games; Belgrade, Yugoslavia; Birmingham, United Kingdom; Brisbane, Australia; and Paris, France, during the 91st IOC Session in Lausanne, Switzerland.http://www.aldaver.com/votes.html IOC Vote History Aldaver.com 4 December 2011 25 May 2008 https://web.archive.org/web/20080525070757/http://www.aldaver.com/votes.html usurped New Delhi, India, had announced a bid for the games, but withdrew in March 1986.https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1141451/an-olympic-passage-to-india-40-years-ago Philip Barker: An Olympic passage to India 40 years ago 6 October 2023 8 October 2023 2 December 2023 https://web.archive.org/web/20231202104205/https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1141451/an-olympic-passage-to-india-40-years-ago live With 85 out of 89 members of the IOC voting by secret ballot, Barcelona won a majority of 47 votes. Samaranch abstained from voting. In the same IOC meeting, Albertville, France, won the right to host the 1992 Winter Games. Paris and Brisbane would eventually be selected to host the 2024 and 2032 Summer Olympics respectively.https://www.nytimes.com/1986/10/18/sports/barcelona-gets-1992-summer-olympics.html Barcelona gets 1992 Summer Olympics Archives 18 October 1986 Judith Miller The New York Times 3 July 2018 2 October 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221002182703/https://www.nytimes.com/1986/10/18/sports/barcelona-gets-1992-summer-olympics.html live Barcelona had previously bid for the 1936 Summer Olympics that were ultimately held in Berlin, Germany. As an anti-fascist response against the Games being organized by Nazi Germany, the Government of Catalonia and the newly elected Spanish Popular Front government advocated for the boycott of the Spanish Republic to the Berlin Games and the organization of an alternative games in Barcelona, known as the People's Olympiad.Harrison Sam The 'Protest' Olympics That Never Came to Be https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/protest-olympics-never-came-be-180978179/ 25 February 2025 Smithsonian Magazine July 19, 2021 en However, the same day of its planned inauguration (19 July), the Spanish Army carried out a coup d'état which led to the Spanish Civil War.The Movement to Boycott the Berlin Olympics of 1936 http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10007087 https://web.archive.org/web/20140202095138/http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10007087 dead 2 February 2014 Holocaust Encyclopedia United States Holocaust Memorial Museum 25 February 2025 + 1992 Summer Olympics bidding resultshttps://www.gamesbids.com/eng/past.html Past Olympic Host City Election Results https://web.archive.org/web/20110630134859/https://www.gamesbids.com/eng/past.html 30 June 2011 dead City Country Round 1 2 3Barcelona Spain293747Paris France192023Belgrade SFR Yugoslavia Yugoslavia13115Brisbane Australia11910Birmingham Great Britain88—Amsterdam Netherlands5—— Highlights 1992 Summer Olympics opening ceremony 1992 Summer Olympics closing ceremony thumb|The Olympic cauldron lit during the Games in Montjuïc right|thumb|David Robinson shoots a free throw to help secure the gold medal for the United States "Dream Team". At the innovative opening ceremony, Greek mezzo-soprano Agnes Baltsa sang "Romiossini" as the Olympic flag was paraded around the stadium. Alfredo Kraus later sang the Olympic Hymn in Catalan, Spanish and French, as the flag was hoisted. The Olympic cauldron was ignited using a flaming arrow, lit from the flame of the Olympic torch. It was shot by Paralympic archer Antonio Rebollo, who aimed the arrow over the top of the cauldron to ignite the gas emanating from it. The arrow landed outside the stadium.http://hemeroteca.lavanguardia.com/preview/1992/07/27/pagina-36/33525453/pdf.html Ciudad Olímpica: La parábola del suspiro Olympic City: The parable of the sigh La Vanguardia 27 July 1992 36 es 22 October 2013 23 July 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20131022014213/http://hemeroteca.lavanguardia.com/preview/1992/07/27/pagina-36/33525453/pdf.html live This unusual method for lighting the cauldron had been carefully designed to avoid any chance of the arrow landing in the stadium if Rebollo missed his target.http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/olympics2000/926190.stm BBC News Ceremonial hall of shame 15 September 2000 27 March 2010 5 August 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20170805231833/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/olympics2000/926190.stm live https://digital.la84.org/digital/collection/p17103coll8/id/35738/rec/59 Official Report of the Games of the XXV Olympiad, Barcelona 1992, v.4 1992 LA84 Foundation 84-7868-097-7 72 The arrow described an arc and lit the gas issuing from the cauldron; the flame soared up to a height of three metres. 11 April 2019 8 May 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20190411201149/https://digital.la84.org/digital/collection/p17103coll8/id/35738/rec/59 live South Africa rejoined the Summer Olympics having been banned for its apartheid policy after the 1960 Summer Olympics. The women's 10,000 metres event was hotly contested. White South African runner Elana Meyer and black Ethiopian runner Derartu Tulu (winner) ran hand-in-hand in a victory lap.http://www.olympic.org/uk/games/past/innovations_uk.asp?OLGT=1&OLGY=1992 Barcelona 1992: Did you know? IOC 2002 4 April 2002 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20020404134346/http://www.olympic.org/uk/games/past/innovations_uk.asp?OLGT=1&OLGY=1992 Germany sent a unified team having reunified in 1990, the last such team was at the 1964 Summer Olympics. As the Soviet Union was dissolved in 1991, the formerly Soviet-occupied states of Estonia and Latvia sent their own teams for the first time since 1936, while Lithuania sent its own team for the first time since 1928. The other former Soviet republics decided to compete together and formed the Unified Team, which consisted of present-day Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan. The Unified Team finished first in the medal standings, edging second-placed United States 112 to 108 in total medals and 45 to 37 in golds. The separation of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia led to the Olympic debuts of Croatia, Slovenia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. Due to United Nations sanctions, athletes from the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (consisting of present-day Serbia and Montenegro) were not allowed to participate with their own team. However, some individual athletes competed under the Olympic flag as Independent Olympic Participants. Serbia would return to the Olympics at the 2008 Summer Olympics and as well as Montenegro on what would be its Olympic debut as separate states. In basketball, the admittance of NBA players led to the formation of the "Dream Team" of the United States, featuring Michael Jordan, Magic Johnson, Larry Bird and other NBA stars. Prior to 1992, only European and South American professionals were allowed to compete, while the Americans used college players. The Dream Team won the gold medal and was inducted as a unit into the Basketball Hall of Fame in 2010.Hall of Famers: 1992 United States Olympic Team http://www.hoophall.com/hall-of-famers/tag/1992-united-states-olympic-team Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame 15 October 2015 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20100818075707/http://www.hoophall.com/hall-of-famers/tag/1992-united-states-olympic-team 18 August 2010 Fermín Cacho won the 1,500 m in his home country, earning Spain's first-ever Olympic gold medal in a running event.https://www.olympic.org/fermin-cacho-ruiz Fermin Cacho Ruiz Olympic.org 25 August 2013 8 May 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20190508154343/https://www.olympic.org/fermin-cacho-ruiz live Chinese diver Fu Mingxia, age 13, became one of the youngest Olympic gold medalists of all time. In men's artistic gymnastics, Vitaly Scherbo from Belarus, (representing the Unified Team), won six gold medals, including four in a single day. Scherbo tied Eric Heiden's record for individual gold medals at a single Olympics, winning five medals in an individual event (Michael Phelps would later equal this record in 2008). In women's artistic gymnastics, Tatiana Gutsu took gold in the All-Around competition edging Shannon Miller. Russian swimmers (competing for the Unified Team) dominated the men's freestyle events, with Alexander Popov and Yevgeny Sadovyi each winning two events. Sadovyi also won in the relays. Evelyn Ashford won her fourth Olympic gold medal in the 4×100-metre relay, making her one of only four female athletes to have achieved this in history. The young Krisztina Egerszegi of Hungary won three individual swimming gold medals. In women's 200 m breaststroke, Kyoko Iwasaki of Japan won a gold medal at the age of 14 years and six days, making her the youngest-ever gold medalist in swimming competitions at the Olympics. Algerian athlete Hassiba Boulmerka, who was frequently criticized by Muslim groups in Algeria who thought she showed too much of her body when racing, received death threatshttps://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-16962799 Hassiba Boulmerka: Defying death threats to win gold 11 February 2012 Chloe Arnold BBC News Algiers 21 July 2018 29 November 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20171129023815/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-16962799 live and was forced to move to Europe to train, won the 1,500 metres, also holding the African women's record in this distance. After being demonstrated in six previous Summer Olympic Games, baseball officially became an Olympic sport. Badminton and women's judo also became part of the Olympic program, while slalom canoeing returned to the Games after a 20-year absence. Roller hockey, Basque pelota, and taekwondo were all demonstrated at the 1992 Summer Olympics. Several of the USA men's volleyball gold medal team from the 1988 Olympics returned to vie for another medal. In the preliminary round, they lost a controversial match to Japan, sparking them to shave their heads in protest of referees' decision to order a replay of two sets after an apparent U.S. victory. This notably included player Steve Timmons, sacrificing his trademark red flattop for the protest. The U.S. team ultimately progressed to the playoffs and won bronze, having lost the semifinals to eventual gold medallists Brazil, who were beginning to build their own dynasty in the sport. Mike Stulce of the United States won the men's shot put, beating the heavily favored Werner Günthör of Switzerland. On the 20th anniversary of the Munich massacre and the 500th anniversary of the Alhambra Decree, Yael Arad became the first Israeli to win an Olympic medal, winning a silver medal in judo. The next day, Oren Smadja became Israel's first male medalist, winning a bronze in the same sport. Derek Redmond of Great Britain tore a hamstring during a 400-meter semi-final heat. As he struggled to finish the race, his father entered the track without credentials and helped him complete the race, to a standing ovation from the crowd. Gail Devers came into the 100 meters hurdles as the favorite. Though her Olympic history shows her winning the 100 meters dash twice, the first time earlier in this Olympics, she primarily made her career as a hurdler. And true to form, Devers had a commanding lead in this race until the final hurdle. Devers came up short and hit the hurdle, foot first, hard, knocking her off balance. She stumbled toward the finish line, falling on the last step, but still finished fifth, .001 out of fourth place. Paraskevi Patoulidou of Greece won the gold medal to even her own disbelief, dropping to her knees on the track when she realized she had won. Jennifer Capriati won the singles tennis competition at the age of 16. She had previously earned a spot in the semifinals of two grand slams at the age of 14. Two gold medals were awarded in solo synchronized swimming after a judge inadvertently entered the score of "8.7" instead of the intended "9.7" in the computerized scoring system for one of Sylvie Fréchette's figures. This error ultimately placed Fréchette second, leaving Kristen Babb-Sprague for the gold medal. Following an appeal, FINA awarded Fréchette a gold medal, replacing her silver medal and leaving the two swimmers both with gold.https://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/events/1996/olympics/daily/july30/frec.html On the Bright Side CNN/SI Michael Farber 30 July 1996 16 September 2000 https://web.archive.org/web/20000916002627/https://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/events/1996/olympics/daily/july30/frec.html dead Indonesia won its first-ever gold medal after winning a silver at 1988 Olympics. Susi Susanti won the gold in badminton women's singles after defeating Bang Soo-hyun in the final round. Alan Budikusuma won the badminton men's singles competition, earning a second gold medal for Indonesia. Several years later, both players married and they received the nickname golden couple or Olympic couple. Records World and Olympic records set at the 1992 Summer Olympics Venues Venues of the 1992 Summer Olympics thumb|Anella Olímpica from above thumb|Estadi Olímpic de Montjuïc thumb|Palau Sant Jordi thumb|Piscina Municipal de Montjuïc thumb|Canal Olímpic de Catalunya Montjuïc Area: Cross-country course – modern pentathlon (running) Estadi Olímpic de Montjuïc – opening/closing ceremonies, athletics Palau Sant Jordi – gymnastics (artistics), volleyball (final), and handball (final) Piscines Bernat Picornell – modern pentathlon (swimming), swimming, synchronized swimming, and water polo (final) Piscina Municipal de Montjuïc – diving and water polo Institut National d'Educació Física de Catalunya – wrestling Mataró – athletics (marathon start) Palau dels Esports de Barcelona – gymnastics (rhythmic) and volleyball Palau de la Metal·lúrgia – fencing, modern pentathlon (fencing) Pavelló de l'Espanya Industrial – weightlifting Walking course – athletics (walks) Diagonal Area: Camp Nou – football (final) Palau Blaugrana – judo, roller hockey (demonstration final), and taekwondo (demonstration) Estadi de Sarrià – football Real Club de Polo de Barcelona – equestrian (dressage, jumping, eventing final), modern pentathlon (riding) Vall d'Hebron Area: Archery Field – archery Pavelló de la Vall d'Hebron – Basque pelota (demonstration) and volleyball Tennis de la Vall d'Hebron – tennis Velodrome – cycling (track) Parc de Mar Area Estació del Nord Sports Hall – table tennis Olympic Harbour – sailing Pavelló de la Mar Bella – badminton Subsites A-17 highway – cycling (road team time trial) Banyoles Lake – rowing Camp Municipal de Beisbol de Viladecans – baseball Canal Olímpic de Catalunya – canoeing (sprint) Circuit de Catalunya – cycling (road team time trial start/ finish) Club Hípic El Montanyà – equestrian (dressage, eventing endurance) Estadi de la Nova Creu Alta – football Estadi Olímpic de Terrassa – field hockey Estadio Luís Casanova – football La Romareda – football L'Hospitalet de Llobregat Baseball Stadium – baseball (final) Mollet del Vallès Shooting Range – modern pentathlon (shooting), shooting Palau D'Esports de Granollers – handball Parc Olímpic del Segre – canoeing (slalom) Pavelló Club Joventut Badalona – boxing Pavelló de l'Ateneu de Sant Sadurní – roller hockey (demonstration) Pavelló del Club Patí Vic – roller hockey (demonstration) Pavelló d'Esports de Reus – roller hockey (demonstration) Pavelló Olímpic de Badalona – basketball Sant Sadurní Cycling Circuit – cycling (individual road race) Some events, including diving, took place in view of construction of the Sagrada Família Medals awarded List of 1992 Summer Olympics medal winners The 1992 Summer Olympic programme featured 257 events in the following 25 sports: 1992 Summer Olympics Sports ProgrammeAquatics Diving 4 d Swimming 31 d Synchronized swimming 2 d Water polo 1 d Archery 4 d Athletics 43 d Badminton 4 d Baseball 1 d Basketball 2 d Boxing 12 d Canoeing d Sprint (12) Slalom (4) Cycling d Road (3) Track (7) Equestrian d Dressage (2) Eventing (2) Show jumping (2) Fencing 8 d Field hockey 2 d Football 1 d Gymnastics d Artistic (14) Rhythmic (1) Handball 2 d Judo 14 d Modern pentathlon 2 d Rowing 14 d Sailing 10 d Shooting 13 d Table tennis 4 d Tennis 4 d Volleyball 2 d Weightlifting 10 d Wrestling d Freestyle (10) Greco-Roman (10) Demonstration sports Basque pelota 10 d 20px Roller hockey (quad) (1) Taekwondo 16 d Participating National Olympic Committees section February 2025 thumb|Participants at the 1992 Summer Olympics #1e90ff Participating for the first time. #00ff7f Having previously participated. #ababab Not participating. Yellow circle is host city (Barcelona) thumb|Number of athletes A total of 169 nations sent athletes to compete in the 1992 Summer Games. With the dissolution of the Soviet Union, twelve of the fifteen new states chose to form a Unified Team, while the Baltic States of Estonia and Latvia sent their own teams for the first time since 1936, and Lithuania sent its own team for the first time since 1928. Bosnia-Herzegovina competed for the first time as an independent nation after its separation from Socialist Yugoslavia, and Namibia and the unified team of Yemen (previously North and South Yemen) also made their Olympic debuts. Croatia and Slovenia made their first Summer Olympic appearance at these games, having participated at the 1992 Winter Olympics in Albertville. The 1992 Summer Olympics notably marked Germany competing as a unified team for the first time since 1964 and the first time since 1936 as a single nation following German reunification. South Africa returned to the Games for the first time in 32 years. The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was banned due to UN sanctions, but individual Yugoslav athletes were allowed to take part as Independent Olympic Participants. Four then-existing National Olympic Committees did not send any athletes to compete: Afghanistan, Brunei, Liberia and Somalia.February 2025 Participating National Olympic Committees18em ALB 1992 Summer 7 athletes ALG 1992 Summer 35 ASA 1992 Summer 3 AND 1992 Summer 8 ANG 1992 Summer 28 ANT 1992 Summer 13 ARG 1992 Summer 84 ARU 1992 Summer 5 AUS 1992 Summer 279 AUT 1992 Summer 102 BAH 1992 Summer 14 BRN 1992 Summer 10 BAN 1992 Summer 6 BAR 1992 Summer 17 BEL 1992 Summer 68 BIZ 1992 Summer 10 BEN 1992 Summer 6 BER 1992 Summer 20 BHU 1992 Summer 6 BOL 1992 Summer 13 BIH 1992 Summer 10 BOT 1992 Summer 6 BRA 1992 Summer 182 IVB 1992 Summer 4 BUL 1992 Summer 138 BUR 1992 Summer 4 CMR 1992 Summer 8 CAN 1992 Summer 295 CAY 1992 Summer 10 CAF 1992 Summer 15 CHA 1992 Summer 6 CHI 1992 Summer 12 CHN 1992 Summer 244 COL 1992 Summer 49 CGO 1992 Summer 7 COK 1992 Summer 2 CRC 1992 Summer 16 CRO 1992 Summer 39 CUB 1992 Summer 176 CYP 1992 Summer 17 TCH 1992 Summer 208 DEN 1992 Summer 110 DJI 1992 Summer 8 DOM 1992 Summer 32 ECU 1992 Summer 13 EGY 1992 Summer 75 ESA 1992 Summer 4 GEQ 1992 Summer 7 EST 1992 Summer 37 ETH 1992 Summer 20 FIJ 1992 Summer 18 FIN 1992 Summer 88 FRA 1992 Summer 339 GAB 1992 Summer 5 GAM 1992 Summer 5 GER 1992 Summer 463 GHA 1992 Summer 34 GBR 1992 Summer 371 GRE 1992 Summer 70 GRN 1992 Summer 4 GUM 1992 Summer 22 GUA 1992 Summer 14 GUI 1992 Summer 8 GUY 1992 Summer 6 HAI 1992 Summer 7 HON 1992 Summer 10 HKG 1992 Summer 38 HUN 1992 Summer 217 ISL 1992 Summer 27 IND 1992 Summer 52 IOP 1992 Summer 58 INA 1992 Summer 42 IRI 1992 Summer 36 IRQ 1992 Summer 8 IRL 1992 Summer 58 ISR 1992 Summer 30 ITA 1992 Summer 304 CIV 1992 Summer 13 JAM 1992 Summer 36 JPN 1992 Summer 256 JOR 1992 Summer 4 KEN 1992 Summer 49 PRK 1992 Summer 64 KOR 1992 Summer 226 KUW 1992 Summer 32 LAO 1992 Summer 6 LAT 1992 Summer 34 LIB 1992 Summer 12 LES 1992 Summer 6 LBA 1992 Summer 5 LIE 1992 Summer 7 LTU 1992 Summer 47 LUX 1992 Summer 6 MAD 1992 Summer 13 MAW 1992 Summer 4 MAS 1992 Summer 26 MDV 1992 Summer 7 MLI 1992 Summer 5 MLT 1992 Summer 6 MTN 1992 Summer 6 MRI 1992 Summer 13 MEX 1992 Summer 102 MON 1992 Summer 2 MGL 1992 Summer 33 MAR 1992 Summer 44 MOZ 1992 Summer 6 MYA 1992 Summer 4 NAM 1992 Summer 6 NEP 1992 Summer 2 NED 1992 Summer 201 AHO 1992 Summer 4 NZL 1992 Summer 134 NCA 1992 Summer 8 NIG 1992 Summer 3 NGR 1992 Summer 55 NOR 1992 Summer 83 OMA 1992 Summer 5 PAK 1992 Summer 27 PAN 1992 Summer 5 PNG 1992 Summer 13 PAR 1992 Summer 27 PER 1992 Summer 16 PHI 1992 Summer 26 POL 1992 Summer 201 POR 1992 Summer 90 PUR 1992 Summer 71 QAT 1992 Summer 28 ROM 1992 Summer 173 RWA 1992 Summer 10 VIN 1992 Summer 6 SMR 1992 Summer 17 KSA 1992 Summer 9 SEN 1992 Summer 20 SEY 1992 Summer 11 SLE 1992 Summer 11 SIN 1992 Summer 14 SLO 1992 Summer 35 SOL 1992 Summer 1 RSA 1992 Summer 93 ESP 1992 Summer 422 (host) SRI 1992 Summer 11 SUD 1992 Summer 6 SUR 1992 Summer 6 SWZ 1992 Summer 6 SWE 1992 Summer 187 SUI 1992 Summer 102 SYR 1992 Summer 8 TPE 1992 Summer 31 TAN 1992 Summer 9 THA 1992 Summer 46 TOG 1992 Summer 6 TGA 1992 Summer 5 TRI 1992 Summer 7 TUN 1992 Summer 13 TUR 1992 Summer 41 UGA 1992 Summer 8 EUN 1992 Summer 475 UAE 1992 Summer 13 USA 1992 Summer 545 URU 1992 Summer 16 VAN 1992 Summer 6 VEN 1992 Summer 26 VIE 1992 Summer 7 ISV 1992 Summer 25 WSM 1992 Summer 5 YEM 1992 Summer 8 ZAI 1992 Summer 17 ZAM 1992 Summer 9 ZIM 1992 Summer 19 BRU participated in the Opening Ceremony, but its delegation consisted of only one official. This also occurred in the 1988 Games.1992 Olympics Official Report. Part IV http://la84foundation.org/6oic/OfficialReports/1992/1992s4p4.pdf 24 October 2012 List of participants by NOC's and sport. 25 December 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20181225173537/https://digital.la84.org/digital/collection/p17103coll8/id/35738/rec/59 deadIzGCXdX6gig Barcelona 1992 Opening Ceremony - Full Length AFG 1987 Afghanistan did not send their athletes to compete, but the country took part in the Parade of Nations. Apparently, its flag was carried by a volunteer from the Barcelona Organising Committee. LBR and SOM also participated in the Opening Ceremony, but its accredited athletes (five and two, respectively) did not enter to compete. Number of athletes by National Olympic Committee 9,356 athletes from 169 NOCs IOC Letter Code Country Athletes USA USA 1992 Summer 545 EUN EUN 1992 Summer 475 GER GER 1992 Summer 463 ESP ESP 1992 Summer 422 GBR GBR 1992 Summer 371 FRA FRA 1992 Summer 339 ITA ITA 1992 Summer 304 CAN CAN 1992 Summer 295 AUS AUS 1992 Summer 279 JPN JPN 1992 Summer 256 CHN CHN 1992 Summer 244 KOR KOR 1992 Summer 226 HUN HUN 1992 Summer 217 TCH TCH 1992 Summer 208 NED NED 1992 Summer 201 POL POL 1992 Summer 201 SWE SWE 1992 Summer 187 BRA BRA 1992 Summer 182 CUB CUB 1992 Summer 176 ROM ROM 1992 Summer 173 BUL BUL 1992 Summer 138 NZL NZL 1992 Summer 134 DEN DEN 1992 Summer 110 AUT AUT 1992 Summer 102 MEX MEX 1992 Summer 102 SUI SUI 1992 Summer 102 RSA RSA 1992 Summer 93 POR POR 1992 Summer 90 FIN FIN 1992 Summer 88 ARG ARG 1992 Summer 84 NOR NOR 1992 Summer 83 EGY EGY 1992 Summer 75 PUR PUR 1992 Summer 71 GRE GRE 1992 Summer 70 BEL BEL 1992 Summer 68 PRK PRK 1992 Summer 64 IOP IOP 1992 Summer 58 IRL IRL 1992 Summer 58 NGR NGR 1992 Summer 55 IND IND 1992 Summer 52 COL COL 1992 Summer 49 KEN KEN 1992 Summer 49 LTU LTU 1992 Summer 47 THA THA 1992 Summer 46 MAR MAR 1992 Summer 44 INA INA 1992 Summer 42 TUR TUR 1992 Summer 41 CRO CRO 1992 Summer 39 HKG HKG 1992 Summer 38 EST EST 1992 Summer 37 IRI IRI 1992 Summer 36 JAM JAM 1992 Summer 36 ALG ALG 1992 Summer 35 SLO SLO 1992 Summer 35 GHA GHA 1992 Summer 34 LAT LAT 1992 Summer 34 MGL MGL 1992 Summer 33 DOM DOM 1992 Summer 32 KUW KUW 1992 Summer 32 TPE TPE 1992 Summer 31 ISR ISR 1992 Summer 30 ANG ANG 1992 Summer 28 QAT QAT 1992 Summer 28 ISL ISL 1992 Summer 27 PAK PAK 1992 Summer 27 PAR PAR 1992 Summer 27 MAS MAS 1992 Summer 26 PHI PHI 1992 Summer 26 VEN VEN 1992 Summer 26 ISV ISV 1992 Summer 25 GUM GUM 1992 Summer 22 BER BER 1992 Summer 20 ETH ETH 1992 Summer 20 SEN SEN 1992 Summer 20 ZIM ZIM 1992 Summer 19 FIJ FIJ 1992 Summer 18 BAR BAR 1992 Summer 17 CYP CYP 1992 Summer 17 SMR SMR 1992 Summer 17 ZAI ZAI 1992 Summer 17 CRC CRC 1992 Summer 16 PER PER 1992 Summer 16 URU URU 1992 Summer 16 CAF CAF 1992 Summer 15 BAH BAH 1992 Summer 14 GUA GUA 1992 Summer 14 SIN SIN 1992 Summer 14 ANT ANT 1992 Summer 13 BOL BOL 1992 Summer 13 ECU ECU 1992 Summer 13 CIV CIV 1992 Summer 13 MAD MAD 1992 Summer 13 MRI MRI 1992 Summer 13 PNG PNG 1992 Summer 13 TUN TUN 1992 Summer 13 UAE UAE 1992 Summer 13 CHI CHI 1992 Summer 12 LIB LIB 1992 Summer 12 SEY SEY 1992 Summer 11 SLE SLE 1992 Summer 11 SRI SRI 1992 Summer 11 BRN BRN 1992 Summer 10 BIZ BIZ 1992 Summer 10 BSH BIH 1992 Summer 10 CAY CAY 1992 Summer 10 HON HON 1992 Summer 10 RWA RWA 1992 Summer 10 KSA KSA 1992 Summer 9 TAN TAN 1992 Summer 9 ZAM ZAM 1992 Summer 9 AND AND 1992 Summer 8 CMR CMR 1992 Summer 8 DJI DJI 1992 Summer 8 GUI GUI 1992 Summer 8 IRQ IRQ 1992 Summer 8 NCA NCA 1992 Summer 8 SYR SYR 1992 Summer 8 UGA UGA 1992 Summer 8 YEM YEM 1992 Summer 8 ALB ALB 1992 Summer 7 CGO CGO 1992 Summer 7 GEQ GEQ 1992 Summer 7 HAI HAI 1992 Summer 7 LIE LIE 1992 Summer 7 MDV MDV 1992 Summer 7 TRI TRI 1992 Summer 7 VIE VIE 1992 Summer 7 BAN BAN 1992 Summer 6 BEN BEN 1992 Summer 6 BHU BHU 1992 Summer 6 BOT BOT 1992 Summer 6 CHA CHA 1992 Summer 6 GUY GUY 1992 Summer 6 LAO LAO 1992 Summer 6 LES LES 1992 Summer 6 LUX LUX 1992 Summer 6 MLT MLT 1992 Summer 6 MTN MTN 1992 Summer 6 MOZ MOZ 1992 Summer 6 NAM NAM 1992 Summer 6 VIN VIN 1992 Summer 6 SUD SUD 1992 Summer 6 SWZ SWZ 1992 Summer 6 TOG TOG 1992 Summer 6 VAN VAN 1992 Summer 6 ARU ARU 1992 Summer 5 GAB GAB 1992 Summer 5 GAM GAM 1992 Summer 5 LBA LBA 1992 Summer 5 MLI MLI 1992 Summer 5 OMA OMA 1992 Summer 5 PAN PAN 1992 Summer 5 TGA TGA 1992 Summer 5 WSM WSM 1992 Summer 5 IVB IVB 1992 Summer 4 BUR BUR 1992 Summer 4 ESA ESA 1992 Summer 4 GRN GRN 1992 Summer 4 JOR JOR 1992 Summer 4 MAW MAW 1992 Summer 4 MYA MYA 1992 Summer 4 AHO AHO 1992 Summer 4 ASA ASA 1992 Summer 3 NIG NIG 1992 Summer 3 COK COK 1992 Summer 2 MON MON 1992 Summer 2 NEP NEP 1992 Summer 2 SOL SOL 1992 Summer 1 Calendar All times are in Central European Summer Time (UTC+2) OCOpening ceremony●Event competitions1Gold medal eventsCCClosing ceremony July/August 1992JulyAugustEvents24thFri25thSat26thSun27thMon28thTue29thWed30thThu31stFri1stSat2ndSun3rdMon4thTue5thWed6thThu7thFri8thSat9thSun20px Ceremonies OC CC Aquatics 20px Diving | | |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |1 |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |1 | | |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |1 |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |1 |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |1 | | | | |39 20px Swimming | | |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |4 |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |5 |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |5 |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |5 |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |6 |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |6 | | | | | | | | |20px Synchronized swimming | | | | | | | | | |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● | |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |1 |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |1 | | 20px Water polo | | | | | | | | |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● | |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● | |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |1 20px Archery | | | | | | | |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |1 |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |1 |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |2 | | | | |4 20px Athletics | | | | | | | |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |2 |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |4 |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |4 |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |6 | |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |5 |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |6 |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |6 |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |9 |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |14320px Badminton | | | | |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |4 | | | | |420px Baseball | | |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● | |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● | |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |1 | | | |1 20px Basketball | | |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● | |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |1 |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |1 |2 20px Boxing | | |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● | |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |6 |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |612 Canoeing 20px Slalom | | | | | | | | |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |2 |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |2 | | | | | | |16 20px Sprint | | | | | | | | | | |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |6 |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |6 |Cycling20px Road cycling | | |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |2 | | | | | | |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |1 | | | | | | |10 20px Track cycling | | | |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |1 |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |1 |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |5 | | | | | | | | | 20px Equestrian | | | | |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |2 |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● | |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |1 | |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |1 |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |1 |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● | |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |16 20px Fencing | | | | | | |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |1 |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |1 |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |1 |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |1 |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |1 |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |1 |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |1 |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |1 | |820px Field hockey | | |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● | |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |1 |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |1 |2 20px Football |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● | |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● | |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● | | |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● | |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |1 |1Gymnastics20px Artistic | | | | |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |1 |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |1 |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |1 |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |1 |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |4 |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |6 | | | | | | |1520px Rhythmic | | | | | | | | | | | | | |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● | |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |1 | 20px Handball | | | |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● | |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● | |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |2 |2 20px Judo | | | |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |2 |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |2 |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |2 |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |2 |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |2 |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |2 |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |2 | | | | | | |14 20px Modern pentathlon | | |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |2 | | | | | | | | | | |2 20px Rowing | | | |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |7 |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |7 | | | | | | |14 20px Sailing | | | |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● | |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |2 |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |7 |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |1 | | | | |10 20px Shooting | | |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |2 |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |2 |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |2 |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |1 |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |2 |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |2 |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |1 |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |1 | | | | | | |13 20px Table tennis | | | | |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |1 |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |1 |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |1 |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |1 | | |4 20px Tennis | | | | |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |2 |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |2 |4 20px Volleyball | | |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● | |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |1 |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |12 20px Weightlifting | | |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |1 |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |1 |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |1 |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |1 | |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |1 |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |1 |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |2 |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |1 | | | | | |9 20px Wrestling | | |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |3 |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |3 |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |4 | | | |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#3399ff;" |● |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |3 |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |3 |style="background-color:#ffcc00;" |4 | |20Daily medal events 9 12 14 17 19 19 22 30 18 11 12 12 22 30 10 257Cumulative total 9 21 35 52 71 90 112 142 160 171 183 195 217 247 257July/August 199224thFri25thSat26thSun27thMon28thTue29thWed30thThu31stFri1stSat2ndSun3rdMon4thTue5thWed6thThu7thFri8thSat9thSunTotal eventsJulyAugust Medal table 1992 Summer Olympics medal table The following table reflects the top ten nations in terms of total medals won at the 1992 Games (the host nation is highlighted). Key #ffffff darkgray Changes in medal standings (see here) Broadcasting International signal In order to guarantee that the international signal was produced objectively and impartially, for the first time in Olympic history, a host broadcaster was expressly created for each of the 1992 Olympic Games instead of delegating responsibility to a national host broadcaster. The Albertville Organizing Committee created the Organisme de radio télévision olympique '92 (ORTO'92) for the Winter Olympics and the Barcelona Organizing Committee created the Ràdio Televisió Olímpica '92 (RTO'92) for the Summer Olympics. RTO'92 managed the staff and the production and technical resources hired to Radiotelevisión Española (RTVE), the Corporació Catalana de Ràdio i Televisió (CCRTV) and the European Broadcasting Union (EBU). With a workforce of 3,083 people, a permanent radio and television installation at the Olympic Stadium and Palau Sant Jordi, and over 50 mobile units for other venues, RTO'92 provided live coverage of all Summer Olympic sports for the first time ever –except for a few preliminary events–, some 2,800 hours of live television footage, to its international rights-holders. The International Broadcast Centre (IBC) was located at the exhibition halls of Fira de Barcelona in Montjuïc.https://digital.la84.org/digital/collection/p17103coll8/id/35276/rec/58 Official Report of the Games of the XXV Olympiad, Barcelona 1992 3 64–69 1992 International Olympic Committee 11 November 2022 11 November 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221111135651/https://digital.la84.org/digital/collection/p17103coll8/id/35276/rec/58 live NHK and Panasonic developed the 1/2" DX digital system used to record the Games digitally for the first time. Also new were the underwater camera dolly on a track at the bottom of the swimming pool, the underwater microcameras at the bottom of the water polo pool, the periscope camera capable of transmitting shots from below and above the water, the overhead camera dolly on a track along the canopy of the Olympic Stadium for the 35 m high zenithal shot of the athletics track, the stabilized optic gyro-zoom cameras, the super slow motion PAL camera and the microcamera on the high jump bar. National coverages To cover the Games, major international broadcasting unions such as the Asia-Pacific Broadcasting Union (ABU), the European Broadcasting Union (EBU), the International Radio and Television Organisation (OIRT), the es Organización de Televisión Iberoamericana no (OTI), the Arab States Broadcasting Union (ASBU), the Caribbean Broadcasting Union (CBU) and the Union of African National Television and Radio Organizations (URTNA), secured the rights for their member broadcasters in their countries. In other countries, broadcast networks secured the rights directly or pooled to secure the rights. The Games were covered by the following television and radio broadcasters:Television in the Olympics : international research project 1995 James F. Larson 978-0861965380 257–260 https://books.google.com/books?id=U_u73VtZcJIC&pg=PA260 illustrated Miquel de Moragas, Nancy Kay Rivenburgh 27 April 2013 TerritoryTelevisionRadioAlgeriaENTVArgentinaChannel 20 América TV Telefe Canal 13AustraliaSeven NetworkABCAustriaORFORFBelarus 1991btvBelgiumBRTN RTBFBRTN RTBFBrazilRede Bandeirantes Rede Globo SBT Rede Manchete TopSportRB Rádio Brasil Itália Rádio RecordBulgariaBNTCanadaCTV TVAChileUCTV TVNChinaCCTVCPBSColombiaCanal ARCN Radio Caracol Radio InravisiónCroatiaHRTHRTCubaICRTICRTCyprusCyBCCzechoslovakiaČSTCzechoslovak RadioDenmarkDRDREgyptERTUERTUEstoniaETVFinlandYleYleFranceAntenne 2 FR3 TF1 Canal+Radio France Europe 1 RFIGermanyARD RTL ZDFARDGreeceERTERTHong Kong colonialHK-ATV (ATV Home and ATV World) HK-TVB (TVB Jade and TVB Pearl)HungaryMTVMagyar RádióIcelandRÚVRÚVIndiaDoordarshanIndonesiaTVRI RCTI SCTV (relayed on RCTI) TPI (relayed on TVRI)IranIRIBIrelandRTÉRTÉIsraelIBAIBAItalyRAIRAIJapan 1870Japan ConsortiumFM Hokkaidō Nippon Cultural Broadcasting Nippon Broadcasting SystemJordanJRTVLebanonTélé LibanLibya 1977LJBCLithuania 1990LTVLuxembourgRTLRTLMacau colonialTDMTDMMalaysiaRTM (TV1 and TV2) STMB (TV3)RTMMaltaMBAMexicoTelevisaMonacoRMCRMCMongoliaMNBMoroccoRTMRTMNetherlandsNOSNOSNew ZealandTVNZRNZNorwayNRKNRKPakistanPTVPBCPhilippines 1986ABS-CBNDZBB 594 Radyo Bisig Bayan DZSR Sports Radio 738PolandTVPPR S.A.PortugalRTPRDPPuerto Rico 1952WIPRRomaniaTVRRadio RomâniaRussia 1991Channel One RTRSingaporeSBC 12SloveniaRTVSLORTVSLOSouth Africa 1982SABCSouth Korea 1984Korean Consortium KBS MBC SBSSpainTVE Televisió de CatalunyaCatalunya Ràdio Antena 3 COPE RNE Onda Cero Cadena SERSwedenSVTSRSwitzerlandSRG SSR TSISRG SSRTaiwanTTV CTV CTSThailandChannel 3 Channel 5 Channel 7 Channel 9 Television Thailand Channel 11TunisiaERTTTurkeyTRTTRTUnited KingdomBBC OneBBC Radio 4 United StatesNBCVenezuela 1954Venevisión HDTV coverage The 1992 Winter and Summer Olympics were the first in which a comprehensive coverage in high-definition television (HDTV) was attempted. The European HDTV broadcast of the Summer Olympics was managed by the joint venture "Barcelona 1250" created by RTO'92, RTVE, Retevisión and PESA, with the financial support of the European Economic Community and a workforce of over 300 production and technical staff. A total of 225 hours and 45 minutes was broadcast in analog HD-MAC standard in 1,250 lines and 16:9 aspect ratio, with commentary in five languages –Spanish, English, French, German and Italian– in addition to the non-commentary sound track, of eighteen different sports at seventeen venues, as well as the opening and closing ceremonies. Events from five venues were covered live –80% of the total broadcast time– and other events were recorded for a delayed broadcast. On-screen text and graphics were shown in HDTV for the first time ever. Nearly 700 viewing sites installed throughout Europe, including the fifty HDTV receivers installed in various pavilions at the Seville Universal Exposition, were able to receive the broadcast.https://tech.ebu.ch/docs/techreview/trev_254-romero.pdf HDTV coverage of the Barcelona Olympic Games Romero, M. Gavilán, E. EBU Technical Review Winter 1992 16–24 European Broadcasting Union 13 November 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20110706225141/https://tech.ebu.ch/docs/techreview/trev_254-romero.pdf 6 July 2011 live For Japan, NHK also covered the 1992 Summer Olympics in HDTV in their own analog Hi-Vision system.https://www.jef.or.jp/journal/pdf/trends_9311.pdf Current State of Japanese HDTV Yukio, Omori Journal of Japanese Trade & Industry 1993 6 36–38 14 November 2022 14 November 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221114120045/https://www.jef.or.jp/journal/pdf/trends_9311.pdf live Political controversies and terrorism On the eve of the Olympics, between 29 June and 14 July 1992, the Spanish police operation later known as "Operation Garzón" saw the arrest of 45 Catalan pro-independence activists, journalists and politicians,Bracero Francisco 26 September 1992 Un alcalde y dos independentistas catalanes, detenidos por orden de Garzón El País Barcelona http://elpais.com/diario/1992/09/26/espana/717458404_850215.html 16 February 2025 16 August 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20140816161659/http://elpais.com/diario/1992/09/26/espana/717458404_850215.html live under the accusation of belonging to the armed Catalan pro-independence and socialist organisation Terra Lliure (which already announced its dissolution in 1991), many of them without real proof. 25 of the arrested were kept in solitary confinement. They denounced torture at the hands of the Spanish policeCardús Pere 2017-06-29 Ramon Piqué: 'A la sala d'interrogatoris, m'estrenyien la bossa al cap i em feien agenollar' VilaWeb https://www.vilaweb.cat/noticies/ramon-pique-a-la-sala-dinterrogatoris-mestrenyien-la-bossa-al-cap-i-em-posaven-de-genolls-entrevista-operacio-garzon-1992-jocs-olimpics/?f=rel 2022-11-07 and threats of violence and rape to them and their families, as well as constant Anti-Catalan and Catalanophobic insults.Redacció 2021-07-04 El fill d'un dels independentistes torturats a l'Operació Garzón recorda el relat esfereïdor del seu pare VilaWeb https://www.vilaweb.cat/noticies/el-fill-dun-dels-independentistes-torturats-en-loperacio-garzon-recorda-el-relat-esfereidor-del-seu-pare/ 2022-11-05 7 November 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221107183712/https://www.vilaweb.cat/noticies/el-fill-dun-dels-independentistes-torturats-en-loperacio-garzon-recorda-el-relat-esfereidor-del-seu-pare/ live Political activists argue that the Spanish State used the Operation Garzón as a tool, under the pretext of security during the Olympic Games, to weaken the left-wing branch of Catalan independence movement.Viñes Carles (coord.) Història de l'Esquerra Independentista 2021 Tigre de Paper 9788416855834 137 The Basque nationalist group ETA attempted to disrupt the Barcelona Games with terrorist attacks. It was already feared beforehand that ETA would use the Olympics to gain publicity for their cause in front of a worldwide audience.https://www.routledge.com/Securing-and-Sustaining-the-Olympic-City-Reconfiguring-London-for-2012/Fussey-Coaffee-Hobbs/p/book/9780754679455 Securing and Sustaining the Olympic City: Reconfiguring London for 2012 and Beyond Pete Fussey Jon Coaffee Dick Hobbs April 2011 Routledge 9780754679455 48 9 May 2019 9 May 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20190509104339/https://www.routledge.com/Securing-and-Sustaining-the-Olympic-City-Reconfiguring-London-for-2012/Fussey-Coaffee-Hobbs/p/book/9780754679455 live As the time of the Games approached,https://www.ctvnews.ca/ctv-news-channel/terrorism-violence-and-the-olympics-major-incidents-throughout-the-years-1.1648070/comments-7.476505 https://web.archive.org/web/20140121182546/http://www.ctvnews.ca/ctv-news-channel/terrorism-violence-and-the-olympics-major-incidents-throughout-the-years-1.1648070/comments-7.476505 dead 21 January 2014 CTV News - CTV News Channel www.ctvnews.ca 17 January 2019 ETA committed attacks in Barcelona and the Catalonia region as a whole, including the deadly 1991 Vic bombing.https://www.csmonitor.com/1992/0401/01061.html Spain Tackles Terrorist Threat By Basques to Olympics, Expo 1 April 1992 17 January 2019 Christian Science Monitor 26 March 2023 https://web.archive.org/web/20230326034137/https://www.csmonitor.com/1992/0401/01061.html livehttps://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/opinions/1991/08/11/the-threat-to-the-games-in-spain/37be840c-3424-4451-b037-151a53bf2491/ The Threat to the Games in Spain Beth Finkelstein Noel Koch 11 August 1991 The Washington Post https://web.archive.org/web/20180730170647/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/opinions/1991/08/11/the-threat-to-the-games-in-spain/37be840c-3424-4451-b037-151a53bf2491/ 30 July 2018 dead On 10 July 1992, the group offered a two-month truce covering the Olympics in exchange for negotiations, which the Spanish government rejected.https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/eta-rebuffed-1532917.html https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220501/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/eta-rebuffed-1532917.html 1 May 2022 subscription live Eta rebuffed 13 July 1992 The Independent 17 January 2019 However, the Games went ahead successfully without an attack.https://books.google.com/books?id=1qMvDwAAQBAJ&q=barcelona+olympics+1992+eta+truce&pg=PA396 Western Europe 2017-2018 9781475835090 Thompson Wayne C 31 August 2017 Rowman & Littlefield Effect on the city thumb|Frank Gehry's Fish sculpture in front of the Hotel Arts (left) and the Torre Mapfre (right) in the Olympic Village neighbourhood The celebration of the 1992 Olympic Games had an enormous impact on the urban culture and outward projection of Barcelona, making it a prime example of how hosting a major sporting event can transform a city.Definitions of Sports Tourism https://tourisports.com/sports-tourism/ Tourisports 5 December 2025 3 December 2025 https://web.archive.org/web/20251203112601/https://tourisports.com/sports-tourism/ live The Games provided billions of dollars for infrastructure investments, which are considered to have improved the quality of life in the city, and its attraction for investment and tourism.http://olympicstudies.uab.cat/pdf/wp084_eng.pdf The economic impact of the Barcelona Olympic Games, 1986–2004 2005 Brunet Ferran Autonomous University of Barcelona https://web.archive.org/web/20090419040527/http://olympicstudies.uab.es/pdf/wp084_eng.pdf 19 April 2009 dead Barcelona became one of the most visited cities in Europe after Paris, London, and Rome.http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/26042517 The Olympics Effect Payne Bob 6 August 2008 MSNBC https://web.archive.org/web/20080902014838/http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/26042517/ 2 September 2008 deadhttps://www.euromonitor.com/Top_150_City_Destinations_London_Leads_the_Way Top 150 City Destinations: London Leads the Way Bremner Caroline 11 October 2007 Euromonitor International https://web.archive.org/web/20090901220258/http://www.euromonitor.com/Top_150_City_Destinations_London_Leads_the_Way 1 September 2009 dead Barcelona's nomination for the 1992 Summer Olympics sparked the implementation of an ambitious plan for urban transformation that had already been developed previously.http://olympicstudies.uab.cat/pdf/od006_eng.pdf An economic analysis of the Barcelona '92 Olympic Games: resources, financing, and impact 1995 Brunet Ferran Autonomous University of Barcelona https://web.archive.org/web/20170905050923/http://olympicstudies.uab.cat/pdf/od006_eng.pdf 5 September 2017 dead Barcelona was opened to the sea with the construction of the Olympic Village and Olympic Port in Poblenou. New centers were created, and modern sports facilities were built in the Olympic zones of Montjuïc, Diagonal, and Vall d'Hebron; hotels were also refurbished and new ones built. The construction of ring roads around the city helped to reduce traffic density, and El Prat airport was modernized and expanded with the opening of two new terminals.http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/standard/article-23933816-the-olympic-legacy-lessons-of-barcelona-on-thames-1992-games-provided-model-for-london-and-a-few-warnings.do Lessons of Barcelona: 1992 Games provided model for London... and few warnings Beard Matthew London Evening Standard 22 March 2011 31 March 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110405170255/http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/standard/article-23933816-the-olympic-legacy-lessons-of-barcelona-on-thames-1992-games-provided-model-for-london-and-a-few-warnings.do 5 April 2011 dead Cost and cost overrun The Oxford Olympics Study2804554 The Oxford Olympics Study 2016: Cost and Cost Overrun at the Games Flyvbjerg Bent Stewart Allison Budzier Alexander Saïd Business School Working Papers (Oxford: University of Oxford) 2016 Oxford 18–20 estimates the direct costs of the Barcelona 1992 Summer Olympics to be US$9.7 billion (expressed in 2015 U.S. dollars) with a cost overrun of 266%. This includes only sports-related costs, that is: (i) operational costs incurred by the organizing committee for the purpose of staging the Games, e.g., expenditures for technology, direct transportation, workforce, administration, security, catering, ceremonies, and medical services; and (ii) direct capital costs incurred by the host city and country or private investors to build the competition venues, the Olympic village, international broadcast center, media and press center, and similar structures required to host the Games. Costs excluded from the study are indirect capital and infrastructure costs, such as for road, rail, or airport infrastructure, or for hotel upgrades or other business investment incurred in preparation for the Games.https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/07/the-cost-to-cities-of-hosting-the-olympics-since-1964/ The cost of hosting every Olympics since 1964 Based on working paper from The University of Oxford and Said Business School 29 July 2016 Joe Myers World Economic Forum 23 June 2018 23 June 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20180623222127/https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/07/the-cost-to-cities-of-hosting-the-olympics-since-1964/ live The costs for Barcelona 1992 may be compared with those of London 2012, which cost US$15 billion with a cost overrun of 76%, and those of Rio 2016 which cost US$4.6 billion with a cost overrun of 51%. The average cost for the Summer Olympics since 1960 is US$5.2 billion, with an average cost overrun of 176%. Songs and themes There were two main musical themes for the 1992 Games. The first one was "Barcelona", a classical crossover song composed five years earlier by Freddie Mercury and Mike Moran; Mercury was an admirer of lyric soprano Montserrat Caballé, both recorded the official theme as a duet. Due to Mercury's death eight months earlier, the duo was unable to perform the song together during the opening ceremony. A recording of the song instead played over a travelogue of the city at the start of the opening ceremony, seconds before the official countdown.Barcelona 92: 11 momentos inolvidables de aquellos Juegos Olímpicos (VÍDEOS, FOTOS) http://www.huffingtonpost.es/2012/07/25/barcelona-92-11-momentos-_n_1700871.html The Huffington Post 25 July 2012 7 September 2016 es 29 December 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20161229074826/http://www.huffingtonpost.es/2012/07/25/barcelona-92-11-momentos-_n_1700871.html livehttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UdksitehDJ8 https://web.archive.org/web/20111221061622/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UdksitehDJ8 2011-12-21 Barcelona 92: inicio de la ceremonia YouTube 23 March 2011 "Amigos Para Siempre" (Friends for Life) was the other musical theme and it was official theme song of the 1992 Summer Olympics. It was written by Andrew Lloyd Webber and Don Black, and sung by Sarah Brightman and José Carreras during the closing ceremonies. Ryuichi Sakamoto composed and conducted some musical pieces at the opening ceremony musical score.Illness Critical http://doreendagostinomedia.com/ryuichi-sakamoto-and-decca/ Doreen D'Agostino Media " Ryuichi Sakamoto and Decca Doreendagostinomedia.com 3 September 2010 23 March 2011 4 October 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20181004123004/http://doreendagostinomedia.com/ryuichi-sakamoto-and-decca/ live The Opening Olympic fanfare was composed by Angelo Badalamenti and with orchestrations by Joseph Turrin. Mascot Cobi and Petra The official mascot was Cobi, a Catalan sheepdog in cubist style designed by Javier Mariscal.Barcelona 1992 - Summer Games Mascots http://www.olympic.org/barcelona-1992-mascot Olympic.org IOC 15 October 2015 5 September 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20150905122936/http://www.olympic.org/barcelona-1992-mascot live He was widely featured in merchandising products and starred his own animated television series, The Cobi Troupe.https://elpais.com/diario/1991/04/03/radiotv/670629602_850215.html "The Cobi Troupe" will be released in Spain next October El País 3 April 1991 Guiral, Antoni es 7 May 2023 7 May 2023 https://web.archive.org/web/20230507131916/https://elpais.com/diario/1991/04/03/radiotv/670629602_850215.html live Corporate image and identity A renewal in Barcelona's image and corporate identity could be seen in the publication of posters, commemorative coins, stamps minted by the FNMT in Madrid, and the Barcelona 1992 Olympic Official Commemorative Medals, designed and struck in Barcelona.Catálogo de Monedas: Moneda Various Pesetas (Mint set 1992) https://colnect.com/es/coins/coin/134104-Various_Pesetas_Mint_set_1992-1949~2001_-_Mint_sets-Espa%C3%B1a Connect FNMT 2020 es See also 1992 Summer Olympics Olympics Triplecast Use of performance-enhancing drugs at the 1992 Olympic Games Barcelona Gold – compilation album released for the 1992 Games Urban planning of Barcelona Seville Expo '92 – an international exhibition event held in Seville to commemorate the 500th anniversary of the discovery of the Americas. References 30em External links ck2jpaLoOMA Official Film - Barcelona 1992 Olympic Games 1992 Summer Olympics Barcelona Olympic Foundation Olympic Review 1992 - Official results https://web.archive.org/web/20101207210633/http://www.la84foundation.org/OlympicInformationCenter/OlympicReview/1992/ore300/ORE300h.pdf 7 December 2010 Barcelona Olympic Stadium Postage stamps of the Republic of Moldova, celebrating the Barcelona Summer Olympics in 1992 Postage stamps of the Republic of Moldova, celebrating medal winners at the Barcelona Summer Olympics in 1992 soly Seoul XXV OlympiadBarcelona 1992 Atlanta Olympics Spain Sports 1990s 41 21 51 N 2 09 08 E source:kolossus-frwiki title Category:1992 in multi-sport events Category:1992 in Catalan sport Category:1992 in Spanish sport Category:1990s in Barcelona Category:International sports competitions in Catalonia Category:Olympic Games in Spain Category:Sports competitions in Barcelona 1992 Category:July 1992 sports events in Europe Category:August 1992 sports events in Europe Category:ABS-CBN television specials Category:Montjuïc