1 Samuel 14

First Book of Samuel chapter 1 Samuel 14 1 Samuel 13 chapter 13 1 Samuel 15 chapter 15 First book of Samuel Old Testament 9 Nevi'im 3 Former Prophets Leningrad-codex-08-samuel.pdf 250px The pages containing the Books of Samuel (1 & 2 Samuel) in Leningrad Codex (1008 CE). 1 Samuel 14 is the fourteenth chapter of the First Book of Samuel in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible or the first part of the Books of Samuel in the Hebrew Bible.Halley 1965 181 According to Jewish tradition the book was attributed to the prophet Samuel, with additions by the prophets Gad and Nathan,Hirsch Emil G. SAMUEL, BOOKS OF http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/13080-samuel-books-of www.jewishencyclopedia.com but modern scholars view it as a composition of a number of independent texts of various ages from c. 630–540 BCE.Knight 1995 62Jones 2007 197 This chapter contains Saul's actions against the Philistines.Coogan 2007 418 Hebrew Bible This is within a section comprising 1 Samuel 7–15 which records the rise of the monarchy in Israel and the account of the first years of King Saul.Jones 2007 203 Text This chapter was originally written in the Hebrew language. It is divided into 52 verses. Textual witnesses Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text tradition, which includes the Codex Cairensis (895), Aleppo Codex (10th century), and Codex Leningradensis (1008).Würthwein 1995 35-37 Fragments containing parts of this chapter in Hebrew were found among the Dead Sea Scrolls including 4Q51 (4QSama; 100–50 BCE) with extant verses 24–25, 28–34, 47–51Ulrich 2010 273–275Dead sea scrolls – 1 SamuelFitzmyer 2008 354Q51 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library and 4Q52 (4QSamb; 250 BCE) with extant verses 41–42.Ulrich 2010 273–275Fitzmyer 2008 354Q52 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library Extant ancient manuscripts of a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint (originally was made in the last few centuries BCE) include Codex Vaticanus (B; B; 4th century) and Codex Alexandrinus (A; A; 5th century; only extant verses 10–52).Würthwein 1995 73-74Würthwein Ernst Der Text des Alten Testaments Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft 2nd Stuttgart 1988 85 3-438-06006-X. "1 Samuel 12:17–14:9 (1 leaf) and Psalms 49:20–79:11 (9 leaves) are missing from Codex Alexandrinus".The whole book of 1 Samuel is missing from the extant Codex Sinaiticus.Codex Sinaiticus Places Israel 240 right Ancient Israel Places mentioned in this chapter Israel 31.885278 35.216389 Red pog.svg 6 Mizpah 100 top Israel 32.055556 35.289528 Blue pog.svg 6 Shiloh 100 top Israel 31.823333 35.231111 Blue pog.svg 6 Gibeah 100 right Israel 31.8719 35.2761 Blue pog.svg 6 Michmash 100 left Israel 31.5 35.3 Blue pog.svg 1 Dead Sea 100 right Israel 33 34 Red pog.svg 1 Mediterranean Sea 100 right Gibeah Michmash Shiloh Analysis This chapter gives some detailed narratives on the actions of Saul, 'oscillating between a favorable view and a negative, unfavorable verdict', which in the end 'reinforce the conviction that Saul was not a man after God's heart'.Jones 2007 206 There is a contrast between Saul and his first son, Jonathan, where Saul is depicted as reckless, acting foolishly on one occasion (13:13), interrupted a consultation to rush to battle on another (14:19), and finally endangered the life of his son (14:44), whereas Jonathan is described as 'possessing the characteristics of a charismatic leader, stood in the tradition of those who waged God's battles' and became God's instrument: he held the assumption that 'the LORD will act for us' (verse 6), depended on God's approval of his action (verses 8–12), and attributed the victory to God (verse 23, cf. verse 45). Jones 2007 206Evans 2018 152 The Battle of Michmash (14:1–15) The Philistines camped at Michmash (1 Samuel 13:23) on the north side of the deep ravine, known today in Arabic as Wadi es-Suweinit, whereas the Israelites camped in Geba to the south of the ravine. Jonathan and his armour-bearer bravely clambered up from the ravine through hard-to-climb rock formations, as indicated by their names, Bozez ('slippery one') and Seneh ('thorny one'), and succeeded in defeating a group of Philistine soldiers (verses 1–15).Jones 2007 206 Verse 2 And Saul was sitting in the outskirts of Gibeah under a pomegranate tree which is in Migron. The people who were with him were about six hundred men.1 Samuel 14:2 NKJV NKJV "The outskirts of Gibeah": Gill suggests that Saul did not dare to fight the Philistines, so he remained in the furthest part of Gibeah, at the greatest distance from the camp of the Philistines, in the strongest part of the city, or deeply entrenched in the outer part of it.Gill, John. Exposition of the Entire Bible. "1 Samuel 14". Published in 1746–1763. "Under a pomegranate tree": later Saul was said to sit "under a tamarisk tree in Ramah" (1 Samuel 22:6).Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges. 1 Samuel 14. Accessed 28 April 2019. The Hebrew word for "pomegranate" is "rimmon", here is meant for the tree as it is an appellative noun, not the "Rock of Rimmon" (Judges 20:45, 47; probably because the form resembles the fruit), which was located on the north-east of Michmash.Exell, Joseph S.; Spence-Jones, Henry Donald Maurice (Editors). On "1 Samuel 14". In: The Pulpit Commentary. 23 volumes. First publication: 1890. Accessed 24 April 2019.Keil, Carl Friedrich; Delitzsch, Franz. Commentary on the Old Testament (1857–1878). 1 Samuel 14. Accessed 24 Juni 2018. "Migron": means "a precipice", one of the conical or spherical hills which are plenty in the Benjamite territory, and favorable for an encampment,Jamieson, Robert; Fausset, Andrew Robert; Brown, David. Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary On the Whole Bible. "1 Samuel 14". 1871. or to observe the motions of the Philistines.Benson, Joseph. Commentary on the Old and New Testaments. 1 Samuel 14. Accessed 9 Juli 2019. Verse 3 And Ahijah, the son of Ahitub, Ichabod’s brother, the son of Phinehas, the son of Eli, the priest of the Lord in Shiloh, was wearing the ephod. But the people did not know that Jonathan had gone.1 Samuel 14:3 MEV MEV "Ahijah": could be the same as Ahimelech the son of Ahitub, the priest at Nob, who would later be a victim of Saul's vengeance (1 Samuel 22:9), as the name Ahijah (“brother of Jah”) and Ahimelech ("brother of the king") may have been the same person ("melech", meaning "king", could be substituted for the divine name "Jah"), but it is also possible that Ahimelech was a brother of Ahijah and his successor in the high priesthood. As an elder brother of Ichabod (1 Samuel 4:21), Ahitub was probably about the same age as Samuel, so his son could have already been high-priest that fifty years or more must have elapsed since the death of Eli. "Wearing the ephod": here may not refer to the ordinary priestly vestment of white linen (cf. 1 Samuel 2:18), but to the official garment worn only by a high priest, with a breast-plate of gems as well as "Urim and Thummim", used to make inquiry of the Lord.Coogan 2007 419 Hebrew BibleEllicott, C. J. (Ed.) (1905). Ellicott's Bible Commentary for English Readers. 1 Samuel 14. London : Cassell and Company, Limited, [1905-1906] Online version: (OCoLC) 929526708. Accessed 28 April 2019. Saul's actions (14:16–52) After Jonathan had caused panic in the Philistine garrison (verse 15), Saul finally brought his troops to engage in battle (verse 20).Jones 2007 206 Believing that it will ensure success, Saul placed an oath on his troops to refrain from eating until evening, a rash act (as noted in verse 24 of the Greek Septuagint version, although not found in the Hebrew Masoretic Text), which would make the troops to be too famished to achieve a complete victory, and even become a threat to Jonathan's life (verses 24–26).Jones 2007 206–207 Jonathan was unaware of the oath, so he ate some of the plentiful honey available and was refreshed ('his eyes brightened'), but he would face death penalty as the consequences from the oath.Jones 2007 207 This led Jonathan to refer Saul as one who 'has troubled the land' and who had prevented a total victory (verse 30). Being very hungry for respecting the oath of refraining from eating the whole day, the Israel troops seized animals from the spoil, and ate them before carefully draining blood from the meat, as they slaughtered on the ground, not on a stone from where the blood could flow away (verses 33–34). 'Eating with blood' (as in NRSV) was forbidden by Torah (Deuteronomy 12:23–27; Leviticus 19:26). Nonetheless, Saul believed the failure to wipe out the Philistines was due to lack of divine support, so investigation was made by means of a sacred lot to find whose fault it was found. The lot fell to the king's family and specifically with Jonathan. Although Jonathan and Saul were willing to accept the verdict, the Israel soldiers insisted to spare Jonathan's life (verse 44). The account closes with a more positive note on Saul as a successful leader (verses 47–48) and the head of a household (verses 49–51).Jones 2007 207 See also 22em Abiel Abner Ahijah Ahinoam Ahimaaz Ahitub Aijalon Amalekites Ammon Ark of the Covenant Children of Israel Edom Ephod Ephraim, Mount Geba Gibeah Ichabod Ishui Israelites Kish Kohen Melchishua Merab Michal Michmash Moab Ner Philistines Phinehas Shiloh Zobah Bible Related Bible parts: Leviticus 19, Deuteronomy 12; 1 Samuel 4, 1 Samuel 9, 1 Samuel 10, 1 Samuel 11, 1 Samuel 12, 1 Samuel 13, 1 Chronicles 9 Notes References Sources Commentaries on Samuel Auld Graeme 1 & 2 Samuel https://books.google.com/books?id=2Vo-11umIZQC&pg=PA213 James D. G. Dunn and John William Rogerson Eerdmans Commentary on the Bible Eerdmans 2003 978-0-8028-3711-0 Bergen David T. 1, 2 Samuel https://books.google.com/books?id=eGT6fWsajqcC B&H Publishing Group 1996 978-0-8054-0107-3 Chapman Stephen B. 1 Samuel as Christian Scripture: A Theological Commentary Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company 2016 978-1-4674-4516-0 https://books.google.com/books?id=kS4XDAAAQBAJ Evans Paul 1-2 Samuel The Story of God Bible Commentary Tremper Longman Zondervan Academic 2018 978-0-310-49094-4 https://books.google.com/books?id=Uy8-DwAAQBAJ Gordon Robert I & II Samuel, A Commentary https://books.google.com/books?id=JMJ1ZAnswuUC&dq=I+%26+II+Samuel:+a+commentary+Gordon&pg=PA338 Paternoster Press 1986 978-0-310-23022-9 Hertzberg Hans Wilhelm I & II Samuel, A Commentary https://books.google.com/books?id=friNN7IdjOIC&q=Saul+appointed+anointed+instituted&pg=PA19 Westminster John Knox Press 1964 trans. from German 2nd edition 1960 978-0-664-22318-2 19 Tsumura David Toshio The First Book of Samuel https://books.google.com/books?id=iLKAlhLDkMwC Eerdmans 2007 978-0-8028-2359-5 General Breytenbach Andries Past, Present, Future: the Deuteronomistic History and the Prophets Brill 2000 Who Is Behind The Samuel Narrative? https://books.google.com/books?id=uP22QHpnKq8C&dq=Breytenbach+Who+is+behind+the+Samuel+narrative&pg=PA50 Johannes Cornelis de Moor and H.F. Van Rooy 9789004118713 Coogan Michael David Michael D. Coogan The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books: New Revised Standard Version, Issue 48 Coogan Michael David Marc Zvi Brettler Carol Ann Newsom Pheme Perkins Augmented 3rd Oxford University Press 2007 978-0-19-528881-0 https://books.google.com/books?id=HmpMPgAACAAJ Fitzmyer Joseph A. Joseph Fitzmyer A Guide to the Dead Sea Scrolls and Related Literature William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company https://books.google.com/books?id=TILXeWJ2eNAC 2008 978-0-8028-6241-9 Grand Rapids, MI Halley Henry H. Henry Hampton Halley Halley's Bible Handbook: an abbreviated Bible commentary 24th (revised) Zondervan Publishing House 1965 https://archive.org/details/halleysbiblehand00henr registration 0-310-25720-4 Hayes Christine Introduction to the Bible Yale University Press 2015 https://books.google.com/books?id=SKbkXYHxvlAC 978-0-300-18827-1 Jones Gwilym H. 12. 1 and 2 Samuel The Oxford Bible Commentary John Barton John Barton (theologian) John Muddiman John Muddiman Oxford University Press first (paperback) 2007 196–232 978-0-19-927718-6 https://books.google.com/books?id=ZJdVkgEACAAJ February 6, 2019 Klein R.W. Samuel, books of https://books.google.com/books?id=6OJvO2jMCr8C Bromiley, Geoffrey W The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia Eerdmans 2003 978-0-8028-3784-4 Knight Douglas A https://books.google.com/books?id=SNLN1nEEys0C&q=630+BCE&pg=PA62 James Luther Mays, David L. Petersen and Kent Harold Richards Chapter 4 Deuteronomy and the Deuteronomists Old Testament Interpretation T&T Clark 1995 978-0-567-29289-6 Ulrich Eugene The Biblical Qumran Scrolls: Transcriptions and Textual Variants 2010 Brill https://archive.org/details/TheBiblicalQumranScrolls Würthwein Ernst Ernst Würthwein The Text of the Old Testament Wm. B. Eerdmans Grand Rapids, MI 1995 Erroll F. Rhodes 0-8028-0788-7 https://books.google.com/books?id=FSNKSBObCYwC January 26, 2019 External links Jewish translations: Shmuel I – I Samuel – Chapter 14 (Judaica Press). Hebrew text and English translation [with Rashi's commentary] at Chabad.org Christian translations: Online Bible at GospelHall.org (ESV, KJV, Darby, American Standard Version, Bible in Basic English) 1 Samuel chapter 14. Bible Gateway 14 Category:Saul