1784 Peru earthquake

Megathrust earthquake in Peru 1784 Peru earthquake yes 13 May 1784 07:35 Peru w y 8.4 -16.5 -72.0 inline,title Colonial Peru Yes X 400 The 1784 Peru earthquake occurred at 07:35 local time 12:35 UTC on 13 May with a moment magnitude of 8.4 and maximum Mercalli intensity of X (Extreme). It affected southern Peru and generated a tsunami of 2–4 m; the region was previously affected by magnitude 8.0 or greater earthquakes in 1604 and 1687. Tectonic setting Off the coasts of Peru and Chile, the Nazca plate subducts underneath the South American plate along the Peru-Chile Trench. At the location of the earthquake, the convergence rate between the two plates is 6.0 cm in 0 on per year. Large earthquakes at the plate boundary are relatively common, with similar large events occurring in 1687, 1784, 1868, and 2001. In the area of the earthquake, the Nazca Ridge functions as a semi-persistent rupture barrier. This inhibits the ability for most earthquakes to continue rupturing through this area. As a result, this earthquake cycle is considered to be bimodal, which means that the recurring earthquake is either a large (up to w 8.5) or a truly giant (w 9.0) earthquake. Only the 1604 and 1868 events are considered to have been the latter truly colossal events.Villegas-Lanza J. C. Chlieh M. Cavalié O. Tavera H. Baby P. Chire-Chira J. Nocquet J.-M. Active tectonics of Peru: Heterogeneous interseismic coupling along the Nazca megathrust, rigid motion of the Peruvian Sliver, and Subandean shortening accommodation J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth 24 September 2016 121 10 7371–7394 10.1002/2016JB013080 2016JGRB..121.7371V 132735222 https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/2016JB013080 26 July 2022 20.500.12816/2358 free Okal E.A. Borrero J.C. Synolakis C.E. 2006 Evaluation of Tsunami Risk from Regional Earthquakes at Pisco, Peru https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/ssa/bssa/article-abstract/96/5/1634/146617/Evaluation-of-Tsunami-Risk-from-Regional Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 96 5 1634–1648 10.1785/0120050158 2006BuSSA..96.1634O subscription Loveless J. P. Pritchard M. E. Kukowski N. Testing mechanisms of subduction zone segmentation and seismogenesis with slip distributions from recent Andean earthquakes Tectonophysics 22 November 2010 495 1–2 15–33 10.1016/j.tecto.2009.05.008 2010Tectp.495...15L https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0040195109002868 9 July 2024 0040-1951 subscription Earthquake The earthquake ruptured about 300 km of the subduction zone in southern Peru with an estimated moment magnitude of 8.4. The earthquake was smaller in magnitude with the events of 1604 and 1868.Dorbath L. Cisternas A. Dorbath C. Assessment of the size of large and great historical earthquakes in Peru Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 1990 80 3 551–576 10.1785/BSSA0800030551 1 July 2025 https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/pleins_textes_7/b_fdi_51-52/010018977.pdf The seismic intensity distribution was similar to that of a w 8.4 earthquake in the same area on 23 June 2001, suggesting both earthquakes ruptured the same segment of the subduction zone with comparable rupture areas.Giovanni Melissa K. Beck Susan L. Wagner Lara The June 23, 2001 Peru earthquake and the southern Peru subduction zone Geophysical Research Letters 2002 29 21 14-1-14-4 10.1029/2002GL015774 2002GeoRL..29.2018G Impact Damage occurred from Caravelí to Arica; destruction also occurred in Sihuas, Vitor, Huchumayo, and Camaná. In Arequipa, the earthquake killed at least 54 people and injured 500, while the total number of deaths did not exceed 500.Significant Earthquake Information 10.7289/V5TD9V7K https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/earthquake/event-more-info/1471 1972 National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information National Geophysical Data Center Many buildings and homes sustained heavy damage; of the 2,069 homes in the city, only 72 resisted the shaking. Within 100 km of the city, many towns also experienced destruction. It was preceded by foreshocks at 02:00 and 05:00, and many aftershocks followed. The mainshock produced 4.5 to 5 minutes of shaking that occurred in a south to north direction, and three shocks were felt. The first phase, lasting 2 minutes, was a strong swaying motion; many people managed to escape from their buildings during this phase. The next phase, described as a swirling motion, lasted 1 minute, causing buildings to collapse and stones dislodged form the middle of walls. The final shock destroyed what buildings remained after the second phase.32 Ferro Enrique Silgado Historia de los sismos mas notables ocurridos en el Perú (1513-1970): Geofísica Panamericana 1978 Boletín del Instituto de Geología y Minería 2 3 https://www.jorgealvahurtado.com/files/HistoriaSismosNotablesPeruSilgado.pdf See also Peru List of earthquakes in Peru List of historical earthquakes References Category:1784 in science Category:Earthquakes in Peru Category:1784 disasters Category:Tsunamis in Peru Category:1784 in the Spanish Empire Category:Arequipa Category:Megathrust earthquakes in Peru Category:18th-century tsunamis