1815 New England hurricane

Category 4 Atlantic hurricane in 1815 February 2025 Great September Gale 1815 New England Hurricane track.png Map of the Great Colonial Hurricane's path (reconstructed by the AOML) Map of the Great Colonial Hurricane's path (reconstructed by the AOML) Unknown September 24, 1815 September 24, 1815 115 947 ≤ (estimated) ≥ 1815 38+ direct Unknown 12500000 Long Island, New England, other areas? Microsoft Word - MASTER_MASTER Oct 23.doc 1815 Atlantic hurricane season The Great September Gale of 1815 was a deadly and fast-moving Category 4 Atlantic hurricane in 1815 that became the second of five known major hurricanes to strike New England.Hughes (1987), referring to the Great Colonial Hurricane of 1635, the 1821 Norfolk and Long Island hurricane, "Hurricane Four" of the 1893 Atlantic hurricane season, and the New England Hurricane of 1938. At the time, it was the first hurricane to strike the greater area in 180 years. Norcross Bryan Hurricane Almanac 2006: The Essential Guide to Storms Past, Present, and Future Macmillan 2006 34 0-312-36297-8 registration https://archive.org/details/hurricanealmanac0000norc/page/34 After striking on Long Island, the hurricane caused major damage in Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Hampshire and Rhode Island.http://www.hurricanescience.org/history/storms/pre1900s/SeptemberGale/ 1815- The Great September Gale Hurricanes: Science and Society September 1815 28 September 2014 Rhode Island suffered the worst damage, as the storm surge flooded towns along Narragansett Bay up to and including Providence.Emlen Rob 200 years ago today: Remembering the Great Gale of 1815 http://www.providencejournal.com/article/20150923/OPINION/150929751/2011 23 September 2015 The Providence Journal 23 September 2015 Origin The summer of 1815 was reported to have been unusually stormy,Historic storms of New England. : Its gales, hurricanes, tornadoes, showers with thunder and lightning, great snow storms, rains, freshets, floods, droughts, cold winters, hot summers, avalanches, earthquakes, dark days, comets, aurora-borealis, phenomena in the heavens, wrecks along the coast, with incidents and anecdotes, amusing and pathetic. 1891 https://openlibrary.org/books/OL14626400M Perley Sidney Perley Sidney possibly because of transient climate changes induced by ash clouds from the eruption of Mount Tambora in April. The hurricane first struck the Turks Islands near the Bahamas on September 20, with a strength estimated to have been equivalent to a Category 4 hurricane.Cavanaugh Ray Providence besieged by Great Gale in 1815 http://www.providencejournal.com/article/20150920/ENTERTAINMENTLIFE/150929983 23 September 2015 The Providence Journal 20 September 2015 Impact thumb|The Great Storm of 1815 sends ships and water into downtown Providence, Rhode Island thumb|Water levels of the 1815 and 1938 storms are marked at Old Market House, Providence New York The storm struck Long Island on September 23, 1815, probably coming ashore near Center MorichesEarly American hurricanes, 1492-1870. 1963 https://openlibrary.org/books/OL5903002M Ludlum David McWilliams around 7:00 A.M. On the south shore of Long Island it broke through the barrier beach and created the inlet that still isolates Long Beach, which had previously been an eastward extension of The Rockaways. Connecticut Around 9:00 A.M. the storm came ashore at Saybrook, Connecticut with the force of what would now be considered a Category 3 hurricane. Waves of up to six feet were reported in New London. Rhode Island The "Great Storm"Greene Welcome Arnold The Providence Plantations for 250 Years 1886 J.A. & R.A. Reid Providence, Rhode Island 73 (or "Great Gale"), as it was known there, hit Providence, Rhode Island on the morning of September 23. From about 10:00 A.M. to noon, the storm delivered a storm surge that funneled up Narragansett Bay where it destroyed some 500 houses and 35 ships.March 2015 Dozens of ships were deposited on the streets of Providence. The bowsprit of the ship "Ganges" was smashed into the third story of the Washington Insurance Company building. The Second Baptist Meeting House was destroyed. Most of the buildings on the east side from south of the Market House to India Point were destroyed. At India Point, houses and wharves were destroyed. Both the Washington Bridge and the Central (Red) Bridge were uprooted from their piers and destroyed. The rain appears to have been saturated with salt. The leaves on trees which were not blown away were covered with a white salt coating that resembled a light frost. Even houses turned white. A line on the Old Market Building marks the 11 ft m on storm surge that was unsurpassed in the city until the 1938 New England hurricane, which brought a 17.6 ft m on storm surge. There is still a worn plaque on the Rhode Island Hospital Trust building (built in 1917), along with a newer plaque showing the higher 1938 hurricane water level. At Matunuck, Rhode Island, sediment studies have identified the overwash fan of sediments in Succotash Marsh, where the 1815 hurricane storm surge overtopped the barrier beach.Webb Thompson Westover Karlyn Stern Jennifer Shuman Bryan Newby Paige Hausmann Neil Fan Linda Dowling Jennifer Butler Jessica 2001-06-01 700 yr sedimentary record of intense hurricane landfalls in southern New England GSA Bulletin 113 6 714–727 10.1130/0016-7606(2001)113<0714:YSROIH>2.0.CO;2 2001GSAB..113..714D 0016-7606 The financial loss was estimated at one and a half million dollars, one-quarter the total valuation of the city. Fortunately, only two people died, both in India Point. After the storm, much of the Narragansett Bay area was rebuilt with higher riverbanks, raised wharves, and more durable building practices, to help protect against future storms. Massachusetts In Dorchester, Massachusetts, just south of Boston, local historian William Dana Orcutt wrote in the late 19th century of the hurricane's impact: "In 1815 there was a great gale which destroyed the arch of the bridge over the Neponset River. This arch was erected over the bridge at the dividing line of the towns [Dorchester and Milton] in 1798." Dorchester's First Parish Meeting House was too badly damaged to repair.http://www.dotnews.com/dorchesterstorms.html Dorchester Reporter, Dorchester MA USA 2005-10-19 https://web.archive.org/web/20061024134239/http://www.dotnews.com/dorchesterstorms.html 2006-10-24 dead New Hampshire The eye passed into New Hampshire near Jaffrey and Hillsborough.http://www.nhoem.state.nh.us/Mitigation/SecIII.shtm#Hurricane Welcome - Homeland Security & Emergency Management, NH DOS 2005-10-19 https://web.archive.org/web/20051018112037/http://www.nhoem.state.nh.us/Mitigation/SecIII.shtm#Hurricane 2005-10-18 dead Meteorology In the aftermath of the Great Gale, the concept of a hurricane as a "moving vortex" was presented by John Farrar, Hollis Professor of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy at Harvard University. In an 1819 paper he concluded that the storm "appears to have been a moving vortex and not the rushing forward of a great body of the atmosphere". See also Tropical cyclones List of New England hurricanes List of New Jersey hurricanes References 30em Further reading Donnelly J. P. 2001 700 yr Sedimentary Record of Intense Hurricane Landfalls in Southern New England GSA Bulletin 113 6 714–727 10.1130/0016-7606(2001)113<0714:YSROIH>2.0.CO;2 https://www.geo.brown.edu/georesearch/esh/QE/Publications/GSAB2001/JDonnelly/Succotash/Succotash.htm 0016-7606 etal 2001GSAB..113..714D 2005-10-19 2008-08-09 https://web.archive.org/web/20080809232044/http://www.geo.brown.edu/georesearch/esh/QE/Publications/GSAB2001/JDonnelly/Succotash/Succotash.htm dead subscription 10.1080/00431672.1987.9933354 Hughes P. 1987 Hurricanes haunt our history Weatherwise 40 3 134–140 Early American Hurricanes, 1492-1870 The History of American Weather Ludlum David M. David M. Ludlum 1963 American Meteorological Society Boston External links PBS: American Experience: Timeline of US storm disasters State of New Hampshire Hazard Mitigation Plans: Great September Gale of 1815 NOAA: The Deadliest Atlantic Tropical Cyclones Category:Category 4 Atlantic hurricanes Category:1810s Atlantic hurricane seasons Category:Hurricanes in Massachusetts Great September Gale Great September Gale Category:Hurricanes in Rhode Island Category:Hurricanes in Connecticut Category:Hurricanes in New Hampshire Category:Hurricanes in New York (state) Category:History of Long Island Category:Hurricanes in New England Category:September 1815 Category:Meteorological events in 1815