1990 in science

none 1990 science 1990 The year 1990 in science and technology involved some significant events. Astronomy and space exploration January 24 – Japan launches the Hiten spacecraft, the first lunar probe launched by a country other than the Soviet Union or the United States. February 14 – The Pale Blue Dot photograph of Earth is sent back from the Voyager 1 probe after completing its primary mission, from around 3.5 billion miles away. April 24 – The Space Shuttle Discovery places the Hubble Space Telescope into orbit.http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/shuttlemissions/archives/sts-31.html STS-31 Mission Archives NASA 2006-10-14 2013-01-17 August 16 – Steven Balbus makes his first discovery leading to elucidation of magnetorotational instability.Balbus Steven A. Hawley John F. John F. Hawley 1991 A powerful local shear instability in weakly magnetized disks The Astrophysical Journal 376 214–233 1991ApJ...376..214B 10.1086/170270 October 13 – Earth-grazing meteoroid of 13 October 1990: A 44 kilogram, 41.5 km/s meteoroid passes above Czechoslovakia and Poland at 97.9 km. It is the first time calculations of the orbit of such a body based on photographic records from two distant places is made.Spurný, P. Ceplecha, Z. Borovicka, J. Earth-grazing fireball: Czechoslovakia, Poland, October 13, 1990, 03h27m16sUT WGN 1991 19 1 13 1991JIMO...19...13S Aphelion of its orbit changed from 2.80 AU to 1.80 AU. Biology The term "rewilding" is first used in print.Trying to Take Back the Planet Jennifer Foote Newsweek 1990-02-05 Computer science February – Adobe Photoshop 1.0 graphics software, devised by Thomas Knoll, is released.http://siliconuser.com/?q=node/10 https://archive.today/20070611134528/http://siliconuser.com/?q=node/10 dead 2007-06-11 How Adobe's Photoshop Was Born 2007-06-15 Hormby John 2007-06-05 Story Photography May 22 - Windows 3.0 is shipped by Microsoft November 12 – Tim Berners-Lee publishes a more formal proposal for the World Wide Web.http://www.w3.org/Proposal T. Berners-Lee R. Cailliau WorldWideWeb: Proposal for a HyperText Project 12 November 1990 2011-11-29 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20121219024023/http://www.w3.org/Proposal 2012-12-19 November 13 – The first known web page is written.Links and Anchors http://www.w3.org/History/19921103-hypertext/hypertext/WWW/Link.html 2011-11-29 Approx. November 22 – Satoshi Tajiri begins creating the first Pokémon game.http://www.cnn.com/ASIANOW/time/magazine/99/1122/pokemon6.fullinterview1.html The Ultimate Game Freak 1999-11-22 Time Asia 154 20 Tim Larimer 2015-02-02 History of science Thomas W. Laqueur publishes Making Sex: Body and Gender From the Greeks to Freud (Harvard University Press). Mathematics Alan E. Gelfand and Adrian Smith publish a paper drawing attention to the significance of the Gibbs sampler technique for Bayesian numerical integration problems.Gelfand A. E. Smith A. F. M. Sampling-Based Approaches to Calculating Marginal Densities Journal of the American Statistical Association 85 410 398–409 10.2307/2289776 1990 2289776 Victor Kolyvagin introduces Euler systems.Kolyvagin V. A. The Grothendieck Festschrift, Vol. II Birkhäuser Boston Progress in Mathematics 978-0-8176-3428-5 10.1007/978-0-8176-4575-5_11 1106906 1990 87 Euler systems 435–483 Ruth Lawrence publishes a paper on homological representations of the Hecke algebra, introducing, among other things, certain novel linear representations of the braid group, the Lawrence–Krammer representation.R. J. Lawrence Homological representations of the Hecke algebra 135 1990 141–191 Communications in Mathematical Physics 1 http://projecteuclid.org/DPubS/Repository/1.0/Disseminate?view=body&id=pdf_1&handle=euclid.cmp/1104201923 PDF 2011-11-29 1990CMaPh.135..141L 10.1007/BF02097660 121644260 subscription Paleontology August 12 – "Sue", the best preserved Tyrannosaurus rex specimen ever found, is discovered in South Dakota by Sue Hendrickson. Physiology and medicine June 25 – Cruzan v. Director, Missouri Department of Health decided in the Supreme Court of the United States allowing public officials to intervene in questions of termination of life support in the absence of an advance healthcare directive. The Human Genome Project is founded. The first evidence for the existence of the BRCA gene encoding for a DNA repair enzyme involved in breast cancer susceptibility Is provided by Mary-Claire King's laboratory at University of California, Berkeley.Hall, J. M. Lee, M. K. Newman, B. Morrow, J. E. Anderson, L. A. Huey, B. King, M. C. Linkage of early-onset familial breast cancer to chromosome 17q21 Science 250 4988 1684–9 December 1990 2270482 10.1126/science.2270482 1990Sci...250.1684H The inherited mutations of the tumor suppressor gene, p53, are identified as the underlying mechanism for Li–Fraumeni syndrome in most affected families.Malkin, D.; Li, F. P.; Strong, L. C.; Fraumeni, J. F. etal Germ line p53 mutations in a familial syndrome of breast cancer, sarcomas and other neoplasms Science 1990 250 1233–1238 Psychology Roger Shepard's Mind Sights presents the "Shepard tables" illusion.Colman Andrew M. A Dictionary of Psychology 2009 http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803110312149?rskey=EtCz6d&result=1 3 Oxford University Press 9780191726828 The illusion was first presented by the US psychologist Roger N(ewland) Shepard (born 1929) in his book Mind Sights: Original Visual Illusions, Ambiguities, and Other Anomalies (1990, p. 48), Shepard commented that 'any knowledge or understanding of the illusion we may gain at the intellectual level remains virtually powerless to diminish the magnitude of the illusion' (p. 128). Awards Fields Prize in Mathematics: Vladimir Drinfeld, Vaughan Frederick Randal Jones, Shigefumi Mori and Edward Witten Nobel Prizes Physics – Jerome Isaac Friedman, Henry Way Kendall and Richard E. Taylor Chemistry – Elias James Corey Medicine – Joseph E. Murray and E. Donnall Thomas Turing Award – Fernando J. Corbató Births September 28 – Nadim Kobeissi, Lebanese computer science researcher Deaths January 4 – Doc Edgerton, (b. 1903), American electrical engineer. January 14 – Rosalind Pitt-Rivers (b. 1907), English biochemist. January 26 – Lewis Mumford (b. 1895), American historian and philosopher of science. February 19 – Edris Rice-Wray Carson (b. 1904), American-born physician, pioneer in family planning. March 20 – Victor Rothschild, 3rd Baron Rothschild (b. 1910), English polymath. March 22 – Gerald Bull (b. 1928), Canadian engineer. March 24 – An Wang (b. 1920), Chinese American computer designer. May 1 – Frits Warmolt Went (b. 1903), Dutch-born American botanist. May 30 – Ora Mendelsohn Rosen (b. 1935), American biomedical researcher. August 2 – François Perrier (b. 1922), French psychoanalyst. August 18 – B. F. Skinner (b. 1904), American behavioral psychologist. August 30 – Bernard D. H. Tellegen (b. 1900), Dutch electrical engineer. September 2 – John Bowlby (b. 1907), English child psychologist and pioneer of attachment theory. October 9 – Murray Bowen (b. 1913), American psychiatrist and pioneer of family therapy. October 17 – Hans Freudenthal (b. 1905), Dutch mathematician. November 19 – Georgy Flyorov (b. 1913), Russian physicist. November 25 – Bettina Warburg (b. 1900), German-born American psychiatrist. References Science Technology Category:20th century in science Category:1990s in science