12-Methacryloyloxydodecylpyridinium bromide

Antibacterial dental resin monomer 12-Methacryloyloxydodecylpyridinium bromide 12-Methacryloyloxydodecylpyridinium bromide.svg 300px 1-[12-(2-Methylprop-2-enoyloxy)dodecyl]pyridin-1-ium bromide MDPB 148753-80-4 C=C(C)C(=O)OCCCCCCCCCCCC[n+]1ccccc1.[Br-] 1S/C21H34NO2.BrH/c1-20(2)21(23)24-19-15-10-8-6-4-3-5-7-9-12-16-22-17-13-11-14-18-22;/h11,13-14,17-18H,1,3-10,12,15-16,19H2,2H3;1H/q+1;/p-1 NGRNLZCYRVFRFP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 21 34 1 1 2 12-Methacryloyloxydodecylpyridinium bromide (MDPB) is an antibacterial monomer used in dental resin materials. It joins a quaternary ammonium antibacterial group, dodecylpyridinium bromide, to a polymerisable methacrylate group, so that the compound can copolymerise with other dental monomers and become fixed within the set polymer. Before curing, MDPB is a strong bactericide; once polymerised it is held in the resin network and acts on bacteria by contact, without being released from the material.Imazato S. Torii M. Tsuchitani Y. McCabe J.F. Russell R.R. Incorporation of bacterial inhibitor into resin composite Journal of Dental Research 1994 73 8 1437–1443 10.1177/00220345940730080701 8083440Imazato S. Antibacterial properties of resin composites and dentin bonding systems Dental Materials 2003 19 6 449–457 10.1016/S0109-5641(02)00102-1 12837391Imazato S. Ma S. Chen J.H. Xu H.H. Therapeutic polymers for dental adhesives: loading resins with bio-active components Dental Materials 2014 30 1 97–104 10.1016/j.dental.2013.06.003 23899387 4312699 MDPB was first synthesized and reported in 1994 by Satoshi Imazato and co-workers at Osaka University. It has been incorporated into experimental resin composites and dentine primers, and it is the antibacterial component of the commercial self-etch adhesive CLEARFIL Protect Bond, later sold as CLEARFIL SE Protect. A 2015 systematic review identified that product as the only marketed dental adhesive then known to contain an antibacterial monomer.Cocco A.R. de Oliveira da Rosa W.L. da Silva A.F. Lund R.G. Piva E. A systematic review about antibacterial monomers used in dental adhesive systems: current status and further prospects Dental Materials 2015 31 11 1345–1362 10.1016/j.dental.2015.08.155 26345999CLEARFIL SE Protect: a uniquely antibacterial adhesive system Kuraray Noritake Dental Inc. https://www.kuraraynoritake.eu/en/newsroom/clearfil-se-protect-a-uniquely-antibacterial-adhesive-system 12 June 2026 Development Earlier attempts to give resin composites antibacterial activity by adding agents such as chlorhexidine ran into a common problem: the agent leached out of the set material, which could affect its mechanical properties and shorten the antibacterial effect. To avoid this release, Imazato and colleagues combined an antibacterial dodecylpyridinium bromide with a methacryloyl group to make a polymerisable monomer, MDPB, which could be built into the resin and held in place after curing. The monomer was first reported in a resin composite in 1994. In that study the cured material released no antibacterial component into water over 90 days, and adding the monomer left the mechanical properties of the composite largely unchanged. A separate 1994 study reported that incorporating MDPB did not impair, and in some measures improved, the curing of Bis-GMA-based composites.Imazato S. McCabe J.F. Influence of incorporation of antibacterial monomer on curing behavior of a dental composite Journal of Dental Research 1994 73 1641–1645 10.1177/00220345940730100901 In 1997 the group added MDPB to an experimental dentine primer at concentrations of 1, 2 or 5%, a step towards using the monomer in adhesive systems.Imazato S. Kinomoto Y. Tarumi H. Torii M. Russell R.R. McCabe J.F. Incorporation of antibacterial monomer MDPB into dentin primer Journal of Dental Research 1997 76 768–772 10.1177/00220345970760030901 9109826 Structure and antibacterial action MDPB is a quaternary ammonium compound in which a pyridinium ring carries a long dodecyl chain and is linked to a methacrylate group. Quaternary ammonium antibacterials carry a positive charge that binds to the negatively charged cell membrane of bacteria and disrupts it, causing the cell contents to leak out. In its unpolymerised form MDPB kills a range of oral bacteria. Against Streptococcus mutans its minimum inhibitory concentration is comparable to that of triclosan. Its minimum bactericidal concentration against seven species of oral streptococci is about 31 to 63 µg/ml, and at 500 µg/ml or more it kills the bacteria within one minute; no toxic effect on cultured cells was seen at concentrations of 10 µg/ml or less.Imazato S. Ebi N. Tarumi H. Russell R.R. Kaneko T. Ebisu S. Bactericidal activity and cytotoxicity of antibacterial monomer MDPB Biomaterials 1999 20 9 899–903 10.1016/S0142-9612(98)00247-6 High concentrations kill both planktonic and biofilm cells rapidly, while low concentrations of about 4 to 8 µg/ml slow the growth and acid production of S. mutans.Izutani N. Imazato S. Nakajo K. Takahashi N. Takahashi Y. Ebisu S. Russell R.R. Effects of the antibacterial monomer 12-methacryloyloxydodecylpyridinium bromide (MDPB) on bacterial viability and metabolism European Journal of Oral Sciences 2011 119 175–181 10.1111/j.1600-0722.2011.00817.x Once the monomer is polymerised, the antibacterial group is fixed in the resin and no longer leaches out, so the set material inhibits bacteria that touch its surface rather than by releasing an agent. Use in dental materials Experimental materials MDPB has been studied as an additive in resin composites and in dentine primers, where it provides antibacterial activity without a separate releasing agent. In these materials the immobilised monomer is intended to reduce bacterial colonisation of the restoration surface and to act on bacteria remaining in the dentine of a prepared cavity. Commercial use MDPB is used in the self-etch adhesive CLEARFIL Protect Bond (Kuraray), whose primer contains 5% MDPB; laboratory testing found the primer inhibited oral bacteria.Imazato S. Kuramoto A. Takahashi Y. Ebisu S. Peters M.C. In vitro antibacterial effects of the dentin primer of Clearfil Protect Bond Dental Materials 2006 22 6 527–532 10.1016/j.dental.2005.05.009 16198404 The product, later marketed as CLEARFIL SE Protect, was the first commercially available dental adhesive to contain an antibacterial monomer, and a 2015 systematic review found it was still the only one. The approach of fixing a quaternary ammonium group in the set resin, rather than releasing an antibacterial agent, has since guided the design of other experimental antibacterial monomers for dental use. Antibacterial effect in dentine MDPB-containing dentine primers have been studied for their effect on bacteria within tooth tissue. A 2001 study reported that such a primer had a bactericidal effect on bacteria in human carious dentine,Imazato S. Torii Y. Takatsuka T. Inoue K. Ebi N. Ebisu S. Bactericidal effect of dentin primer containing antibacterial monomer methacryloyloxydodecylpyridinium bromide (MDPB) against bacteria in human carious dentin Journal of Oral Rehabilitation 2001 28 4 314–319 10.1046/j.1365-2842.2001.00659.x and a 2004 study reported antibacterial effects in vivo.Imazato S. Kaneko T. Takahashi Y. Noiri Y. Ebisu S. In vivo antibacterial effects of dentin primer incorporating MDPB Operative Dentistry 2004 29 4 369–375 15279474 A 2006 independent in vitro comparison found that the primer of CLEARFIL Protect Bond produced larger zones of inhibition, and lower bacterial recovery against Streptococcus mutans, than chlorhexidine-, benzalkonium chloride- and hydrogen peroxide-based cavity disinfectants.Türkün M. Türkün L.S. Ergücü Z. Ateş M. Is an antibacterial adhesive system more effective than cavity disinfectants? American Journal of Dentistry 2006 19 3 166–170 16838482 See also 10-Methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate, an adhesion-promoting dental monomer developed by Kuraray Dental composite Dental bonding Quaternary ammonium cation References Category:Dental materials Category:Pyridinium compounds Category:Bromides Category:Methacrylate esters