1872 United States presidential election

Re-election of Ulysses S. Grant November 2013 February 2023related races 1872 United States elections 1872 United States presidential election United States 1867 presidential no 1868 United States presidential election 1868 November 5, 1872 1876 United States presidential election 1876 352 membersgrantElectors of the Electoral College 177 electoral 72.1%http://www.electproject.org/national-1789-present National General Election VEP Turnout Rates, 1789–Present United States Election Project CQ Press 8.8 pp x200px x200px Ulysses S. Grant Republican Party (United States) Illinois Henry Wilson 286 (+14 invalidated)grantElectors Elections were held in Arkansas and Louisiana; however, due to various irregularities including allegations of electoral fraud, all electoral votes from those states (6 and 8, respectively) were invalidated. 29 (+2 invalidated)grantElectors 3,598,235 55.6% x200px Horace Greeley(Died November 29, 1872) Democratic Party (United States) Liberal Republican Party (United States) New York B. Gratz Brown 0 (+3 rejected)greeleyElectors Greeley died after the election, but prior to the Electoral College meeting. Greeley had won 66 pledged electors from 6 states, of which 63 cast their votes for other candidates. 3 Georgian electors voted for Greeley; however, their votes were rejected. 6greeleyElectors 2,834,976 43.8% 350px Presidential election results map. Red denotes states won by Grant/Wilson (Republican). Other colors (except gray) denote states won by Greeley/Brown (Liberal Republican and Democratic).The different colors reflect the posthumous scattering of Greeley's electoral votes: Magenta denotes Electoral College votes won by Greeley, Blue denotes those won by Thomas A. Hendricks, Pink denotes those won by Benjamin Gratz Brown, Dark Green denotes those won by Charles J. Jenkins, and Crimson denotes those won by David Davis. Numbers indicate the number of electoral votes allotted to each state. President Ulysses S. Grant Republican Party (United States) Ulysses S. Grant Republican Party (United States) Presidential elections were held in the United States on November 5, 1872. Incumbent President Ulysses S. Grant, the Republican nominee, handily defeated Democratic-endorsed Liberal Republican nominee Horace Greeley. Grant was unanimously re-nominated at the 1872 Republican National Convention, but his intra-party opponents organized the Liberal Republican Party and held their own convention. The 1872 Liberal Republican convention nominated Greeley, a New York newspaper publisher, and wrote a platform calling for civil service reform and an end to Reconstruction. Democratic Party leaders believed that their only hope of defeating Grant was to unite around Greeley, and the 1872 Democratic National Convention nominated the Liberal Republican ticket. Despite the union between the Liberal Republicans and Democrats, Greeley proved to be an ineffective campaigner and Grant remained widely popular. Grant decisively won re-election, carrying 31 of the 37 states, including several Southern states that would not again vote Republican until the 20th century. Grant was the last incumbent to win a second consecutive term until William McKinley's victory in the 1900 presidential election,Grover Cleveland was elected to a second non-consecutive term in 1892, after losing his re-election campaign in 1888. lower-alpha and his popular vote margin of 11.8% was the largest margin between 1856 and 1904. On November 29, 1872, after the popular vote was counted, but before the Electoral College cast its votes, Greeley died. As a result, electors previously committed to Greeley voted for four candidates for president and eight candidates for vice president. The election of 1872 also remains the only instance in U.S. history in which a major presidential candidate who won electoral votes died during the election process. This election set the record for the longest Republican popular vote win streak in American history, four elections, a record that was matched by the same party in 1908. In terms of electoral votes, it was improved with a fifth and sixth consecutive victory in 1876 and 1880. Grant became the only president to serve two full, consecutive terms between Andrew Jackson (1829–1837) and Woodrow Wilson (1913–1921), and was the first and only Republican to serve two full terms until Dwight D. Eisenhower (1953–1961).Only four Republican presidents have served two full terms in office: Grant, Eisenhower, Ronald Reagan, and George W. Bush. Three other Republican presidents: Abraham Lincoln, William McKinley, and Richard Nixon, were also re-elected to their second term, but both Lincoln and McKinley were assassinated in 1865 and 1901, respectively, while Nixon resigned in 1974 before the completion of his second term. Donald Trump has also been re-elected to a second, non-consecutive term. Nominations Republican Party nomination 1872 Republican National Convention 1872 Republican Party ticket white Ulysses S. Grant white Henry Wilsonfor Presidentfor Vice President center|199x199px center|200x200px 18thPresident of the United States(1869–1877) U.S. Senator from Massachusetts(1855–1873)center|375px At the convention the Republicans nominated President Ulysses S. Grant for re-election, but nominated Senator Henry Wilson from Massachusetts for vice president instead of the incumbent Schuyler Colfax, although both were implicated in the Crédit Mobilier scandal which erupted two months after the Republican convention. Others, who had grown weary of the corruption of the Grant administration, bolted to form the Liberal Republican Party. The opposition fusion nominations In the hope of defeating Grant, the Democratic Party endorsed the nominees of the Liberal Republican Party. Liberal Republican Party nomination 1872 Liberal Republican convention An influential group of dissident Republicans split from the party to form the Liberal Republican Party in 1870. At the party's only national convention, held in Cincinnati in 1872, New York Tribune editor and former representative Horace Greeley defeated Charles Francis Adams Sr. on the sixth ballot, winning the nomination for president. Missouri Governor Benjamin Gratz Brown was nominated for vice president on the second ballot.Matthew T. Downey, "Horace Greeley and the Politicians: The Liberal Republican Convention in 1872." Journal of American History 53.4 (1967): 727–750. online 1872 Liberal Republican Party ticket white Horace Greeley white Benjamin Gratz Brownfor Presidentfor Vice President center|200x200px center|200x200px U.S. Representativefor New York's 6th(1848–1849) 20thGovernor of Missouri(1871–1873)Campaigncenter|375px Candidates in this section are sorted by their highest vote count on the nominating ballotsCharles Francis Adams Sr.Lyman TrumbullBenjamin Gratz BrownDavid DavisAndrew Gregg CurtinSalmon P. Chasecenter|120x120pxcenter|120x120pxcenter|120x120pxcenter|120x120pxcenter|120x120pxcenter|120x120pxFmr. Envoy to the United Kingdom from Massachusetts(1861–1868)U.S. Senatorfrom Illinois(1855–1873)20thGovernor of Missouri(1871–1873)Associate Justicefrom Illinois(1862–1877)Fmr. Envoy to Russiafrom Pennsylvania(1869–1872)Chief Justicefrom Ohio(1864–1873)324 votes156 votes95 votes93 votes62 votes32 votes Democratic Party nomination 1872 Democratic National Convention 1872 Democratic Party ticket white Horace Greeley white Benjamin Gratz Brownfor Presidentfor Vice President center|200x200px center|200x200px U.S. Representativefor New York's 6th(1848–1849) 20thGovernor of Missouri(1871–1873) The Convention met in Baltimore, Maryland, on July 9–10. Because of its strong desire to defeat Ulysses S. Grant, the Democratic Party also nominated the Liberal Republicans' Greeley/Brown ticket Official Proceedings of the National Democratic Convention, Held at Baltimore, July 9, 1872 Rockwell & Churchill, Printers 1872 Boston https://archive.org/details/officialproceed01convgoog and adopted their platform. Paul F. Jr. Boller Presidential Campaigns: from George Washington to George W. Bush 2004 Oxford University Press 0-19-516716-3 128–129 Greeley received 686 of the 732 delegate votes cast, while Brown received 713. Accepting the Liberal platform meant the Democrats had accepted the New Departure strategy, which rejected the anti-Reconstruction platform of 1868. They realized that to win the election they had to look forward, and not try to re-fight the Civil War.Dunning 1905 198 They also realized that they would only split the anti-Grant vote if they nominated a candidate other than Greeley. However, Greeley's long reputation as the most aggressive antagonist of the Democratic Party, its principles, its leadership, and its activists, cooled Democrats' enthusiasm for the presidential nominee. Some Democrats were worried that backing Greeley would effectively bring the party to extinction, much like how the moribund Whig Party had been doomed by endorsing the Know Nothing candidacy of Millard Fillmore in 1856, though others felt that the Democrats were in a much stronger position on a regional level than the Whigs had been at the time of their demise, and predicted (correctly, as it turned out) that the Liberal Republicans would not be viable in the long-term due to their lack of distinctive positions compared to the main Republican Party. A sizable minority led by James A. Bayard Jr. sought to act independently of the Liberal Republican ticket, but the bulk of the party agreed to endorse Greeley's candidacy. The convention, which lasted only six hours stretched over two days, is the shortest major political party convention in history. The Liberal Republican Party fused with the Democratic Party in all states except for Louisiana and Texas. In states where Republicans were stronger, the Liberal Republicans fielded a majority of the joint slate of candidates for lower offices; while in states where Democrats were stronger, the Democrats fielded the most candidates. In many states, such as Ohio, each party nominated half of a joint slate of candidates. Even initially reluctant Democratic leaders like Thomas F. Bayard came to support Greeley.Ross 1910 Other nominations Presidential candidates: Charles O'Conor David Davis center|200x200px center|200x200px Former United States Attorney for the Southern District of New York from New York(Declined nomination) Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court from Illinois(Nominee – Withdrew on June 24, 1872) Labor Reform Party The Labor Reform Party had only been organized in 1870 at the National Labor Union Convention, which organized the Labor Reform Party in anticipation of its participation in the 1872 presidential election.Adelman Myra Burt Labor Reform Party: 1872 2000 Ness Immanuel Ciment James The Encyclopedia of Third Parties in America 2 Armonk, N.Y Sharpe Reference 321–22 0-7656-8020-3 In the lead-up to the 1872 presidential election, state-level affiliates of the party formed and saw limited success.Renda Lex 1997 Running on the Record: Civil War-Era Politics in New Hampshire Charlottesville University Press of Virginia 173 0-8139-1722-0 One of its major victories was forming a majority coalition with the Democratic Party in the New Hampshire House of Representatives in 1871 in which William Gove, one of its members, was elected Speaker of the House.Yeargain Tyler 2021 New England State Senates: Case Studies for Revisiting the Indirect Election of Legislators https://scholars.unh.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1405&context=unh_lr University of New Hampshire Law Review 19 2 381 April 28, 2021 The party's first National Convention meeting was held in Columbus, Ohio, on February 21–22, 1872.McKee Thomas Hudson The National Conventions and Platforms of All Political Parties 1789 to 1905; Convention, Popular, and Electoral Vote; Also the Political Complexion of Both Houses of Congress at Each Biennial Period; Sixth Edition Revised and Enlarged https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:California_Digital_Library_(IA_nationalconventi00mckeiala).pdf 153, 157 The Friedenwald Company July 10, 2026 1906Richardson Heather Cox West from Appomattox: The Reconstruction of America after the Civil War 128 Yale University Press 2007 9780300137859 https://books.google.com/books?id=HhpWd6-dPtYC&q=candidates+at+columbus%2C+ohio&pg=PT371 Initially, there was a fair amount of discussion as to whether the party should actually nominate anyone for the presidency at that time, or if they should wait at least for the Liberal Republicans to nominate their own ticket first. Every motion to that effect lost, and a number of ballots were taken that resulted in the nomination of David Davis for president, who was the frontrunner for the Liberal Republican presidential nomination at that time. Joel Parker, the Governor of New Jersey, was nominated for vice president. While Davis did not decline the presidential nomination of the Labor Reform party, he decided to hinge his campaign in large part on the success of attaining the Liberal Republican presidential nomination, so that he might at least have their resources behind him. After their convention, in which he failed to attain their presidential nomination, Davis telegraphed the Labor Reform party and informed them of his intention to withdraw from the presidential contest entirely. Joel Parker soon followed suit. A second convention was called on August 22 in Philadelphia, where it was decided, rather than making the same mistake again, that the party would cooperate with the new Straight-Out Democratic Party that had recently formed. After the election, the various state affiliates grew less and less active, and by the following year, the party ceased to exist. Bewig Matthew S. R. Robertson Andrew Third Parties After the Civil War Encyclopedia of U.S. Political History 3 360–361 Sage 2010 https://books.google.com/books?id=g585DQAAQBAJ&q=%22Labor+reform+party%22&pg=RA2-PA361 9780872893207 Labor Reform party activity continued to 1878, when the Greenback and Labor Reform parties, with other organizations, formed a National Party.Haynes Frederick Emory Third Party Movements Since the Civil War, with Special Reference to Iowa 1916 State Historical Society of Iowa 122 https://archive.org/details/thirdpartymovem00iowagoog labor reform. 27 January 2018 Straight-Out Democratic Party Unwilling to support the Democratic party ticket (Greeley/Brown), a group of mostly Southern Democrats held what they called a Straight-Out Democratic Party convention in Louisville, Kentucky, on August 11, 1872. They nominated as presidential candidate Charles O'Conor, who declined their nomination by telegram; for vice president they nominated John Quincy Adams II. Without time to choose a substitute, the party ran the two candidates anyway. They received 0.36% of the popular votes, and no Electoral College votes. Equal Rights Party Victoria Woodhull is recognized as the first woman to run for president. She was nominated for president by the small Equal Rights Party.June 30, 2015 Women Presidential and Vice Presidential Candidates: A Selected List https://cawp.rutgers.edu/levels_of_office/women-presidential-and-vice-presidential-candidates-selected-list August 12, 2020 Center for American Women in Politics August 12, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200812184311/https://cawp.rutgers.edu/levels_of_office/women-presidential-and-vice-presidential-candidates-selected-list dead Frederick Douglass was nominated for vice president, although he did not attend the convention, acknowledge his nomination, or take an active role in the campaign.Walsh Colleen 1872 election: Victoria Woodhull picks Frederick Douglass as VP https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2020/11/1872-election-frederick-douglass-vice-president/ June 29, 2022 Harvard Gazette November 2, 2020 Prohibition Party 1872 Prohibition National Convention The Prohibition Party held its convention in Columbus, Ohio, on February 22, 1872. It nominated James Black of Pennsylvania for president and John Russell of Michigan for vice president. General election Campaign Grant's administration and his Radical Republican supporters had been widely accused of corruption, and the Liberal Republicans demanded civil service reform and an end to the Reconstruction process, including withdrawal of federal troops from the South. Both Liberal Republicans and Democrats were disappointed in their candidate Greeley. As wits asked, "Why turn out a knave just to replace him with a fool?"Dunning 197 A poor campaigner with little political experience, Greeley's career as a newspaper editor gave his opponents a long history of eccentric public positions to attack. With memories of his victories in the Civil War to run on, Grant was unassailable. Grant also had a large campaign budget to work with. One historian was quoted saying, "Never before was a candidate placed under such great obligation to men of wealth as was Grant." A large portion of Grant's campaign funds came from entrepreneurs, including Jay Cooke, Cornelius Vanderbilt, Alexander Turney Stewart, Henry Hilton, and John Astor. Guide to U.S. Elections 5th 1 2005 CQ Press 1-56802-981-0 registration https://archive.org/details/guidetouselectio00cqpr Women's suffrage This was the first election after the formation of the National Woman Suffrage Association and the American Woman Suffrage Association in 1869. As a result, protests for women's suffrage became more prevalent. The National Woman's Suffrage Association held its annual convention in New York City on May 9, 1872. Some of the delegates supported Victoria Woodhull, who had spent the year since the previous NWSA annual meeting touring the New York City environs and giving speeches on why women should be allowed to vote. The delegates selected Victoria Woodhull to run for president, and named Frederick Douglass for vice-president. He did not attend the convention and never acknowledged the nomination, though he served as a presidential elector in the United States Electoral College for the State of New York. Woodhull gave a series of speeches around New York City during the campaign. Her finances were very thin, and when she borrowed money from supporters, she often could not repay them. On the day before the election, Woodhull was arrested for "publishing an obscene newspaper" and thus could not cast a vote for herself. Woodhull was ineligible to be president on Inauguration Day, not because she was a woman (the Constitution and the law were silent on the issue), but because she would not reach the constitutionally prescribed minimum age of 35 until September 23, 1873; historians have debated whether to consider her activities a true election campaign. Woodhull and Douglass are not listed in "Election results" below, as the ticket received a negligible percentage of the popular vote and no electoral votes.Shearer Mary L. 2016 Who is Victoria Woodhull? http://victoria-woodhull.com/whoisvw.htm 2022-06-18 Victoria Woodhull & Company In addition, several suffragists attempted to vote in the election. Susan B. Anthony was arrested when she tried to vote and was fined $100 in a widely publicized trial. Results thumb|400px|Results by county indicating the percentage of the winning candidate in each county. Shades of red are for Grant (Republican) and shades of blue are for Greeley (Liberal Republican/Democratic). 32% of the voting age population and 72.1% of eligible voters participated in the election.Abramson Aldrich Rohde 1995 99 Grant won an easy re-election over Greeley, with a popular vote margin of 11.8% and 763,000 votes. Grant also won the electoral college with 286 electoral votes; while Greeley won 66 electoral votes, he died on November 29, 1872, twenty-four days after the election and before any of his pledged electors (from Texas, Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, Georgia, and Maryland) could cast their votes. Subsequently, 63 of Greeley's electors cast their votes for other Democrats: 42 voted for non-candidate Indiana Governor-Elect Thomas A. Hendricks, 18 of them cast their presidential votes for Greeley's running mate, Benjamin Gratz Brown, 2 cast their votes for non-candidate and former Georgia Governor Charles J. Jenkins, and 1 cast his vote for non-candidate U.S. Supreme Court Justice David Davis. Of the 2,171 counties making returns, Grant won in 1,335 while Greeley carried 833. Three counties were split evenly between Grant and Greeley. Disputed votes During the joint session of Congress for the counting of the electoral vote on February 12, 1873, five states had objections that were raised regarding their results. However, unlike the objections which would be made in 1877, these did not affect the outcome of the election.United States Congress 42nd Congress, 3rd Session, February 12 Senate Journal http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/hlaw:@field(DOCID+@lit(sj06845)) March 23, 2006 1873 334–346 StateElectorsWinning candidateOutcomeReason for objectionElectors counted Arkansas 6 Grant Rejected Various irregularities, including allegations of electoral fraud No Louisiana 8 Georgia 3 (of 11) Greeley Rejected Ballots were cast for Horace Greeley as president after he had died, and was thus ineligible for the office. Yes (votes for B. Gratz Brown as vice-president) Mississippi 8 Grant Accepted Irregularities and concerns regarding the eligibility of elector James J. Spelman Yes Texas 8 Greeley Accepted Irregularities Yes David A. McKnight The Electoral System of the United States: A Critical and Historical Exposition of Its Fundamental Principles in the Constitution and the Acts and Proceedings of Congress Enforcing It https://books.google.com/books?id=1Z2d29DZj9gC 1878 Wm. S. Hein Publishing 978-0-8377-2446-1 313 This election was the last in which Arkansas voted for a Republican until 1972, and the last in which it voted against the Democrats until 1968. Alabama and Mississippi were not carried by a Republican again until 1964, and they would not vote against the Democrats until 1948. North Carolina and Virginia would not vote Republican again until 1928. West Virginia, Delaware and New Jersey would not vote Republican again until 1896. Table of results File: United States Electoral College 1872.svg Ulysses S. Grant (incumbent) Republican Illinois 3,598,235 55.6% 286 Henry Wilson Massachusetts Thomas A. Hendricks Democratic Indiana —(a) — 42 —(c) Benjamin Gratz Brown Liberal Republican/ Democratic Missouri —(a) — 18 —(c) Horace Greeley Liberal Republican/ Democratic New York 2,834,761 43.8% 3(b) 2,834,761 B. Gratz Brown Missouri Charles J. Jenkins Democratic Georgia —(a) — 2 —(c) David Davis Liberal Republican Illinois —(a) — 1 —(c) Charles O'Conor Straight-Out Democrats New York 18,602 0.3% 0 John Quincy Adams II Massachusetts James Black Prohibition Pennsylvania 5,607 0.1% 0 John Russell Michigan 10,473 0.2% 6,467,678 352(d) 177(d) Source (popular vote): Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Electionshttps://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/national.php?year=1872&f=0&off=0&elect=0/ 1872 Presidential General Election Results Source (electoral vote): 1872 July 31, 2005 (a) These candidates received votes from Electors who were pledged to Horace Greeley, who died before the electoral votes were cast. (b) Brown's vice-presidential votes were counted, but the presidential votes for Horace Greeley were rejected since he was ineligible for the office of President due to his death. (c) See Breakdown by ticket below. (d) The 14 electoral votes from Arkansas and Louisiana were rejected. Had they not been rejected, Grant would have received 300 electoral votes out of a total of 366, well in excess of the 184 required to win, and he would have become the first candidate to receive 300 or more electoral votes. Henry Wilson Republican Massachusetts 286 Benjamin Gratz Brown Democratic/Liberal Republican Missouri 47 Alfred Holt Colquitt Democratic Georgia 5 George Washington Julian Liberal Republican Indiana 5 Thomas Elliott Bramlette Democratic Kentucky 3 John McAuley Palmer Democratic Illinois 3 Nathaniel Prentice Banks Liberal Republican Massachusetts 1 William Slocum Groesbeck Democratic/Liberal Republican Ohio 1 Willis Benson Machen Democratic Kentucky 1 John Quincy Adams II Straight-Out Democratic Massachusetts 0 John Russell Prohibition Michigan 0 352 177 Source: 1872 July 31, 2005 Popular vote 600px 410px Grant Republican Party (US) 55.58 Greeley #C154C1 43.78 O'Conor #0BDA51 0.36 Others #777777 0.27 Electoral vote 600px 410px Grant Republican Party (US) 81.25 Greeley #C154C1 18.75 Geography of results 650px|thumb|left Cartographic gallery Results by state Source: Data from Walter Dean Burnham, Presidential ballots, 1836–1892 (Johns Hopkins University Press, 1955) pp 247–57.http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/data.php?year=1872&datatype=national&def=1&f=0&off=0&elect=0 1872 Presidential General Election Data – National May 7, 2013 States/districts won by Greeley/BrownStates/districts won by Grant/Wilson Ulysses S. GrantRepublican Horace GreeleyDemocratic/Liberal Republican Charles O'ConorStraight-Out Democrat Margin State Total State electoralvotes # % electoralvotes # % electoralvotes # % electoralvotes # % # Alabama 10 90,272 53.19 10 79,444 46.81 - - - - 10,828 6.38 169,716 AL Arkansas 6 41,373 52.17 0 37,927 47.83 - - - - 3,446 4.35 79,300 AR California 6 51,181 56.00 6 39,060 42.74 - 920 1.01 - 12,121 13.26 91,387 CA Connecticut 6 50,314 52.41 6 45,695 47.59 - - - - 4,619 4.81 96,009 CT Delaware 3 11,129 51.00 3 10,205 46.76 - 488 2.24 - 924 4.23 21,822 DE Florida 4 17,763 53.52 4 15,427 46.48 - - - - 2,336 7.04 33,190 FL Georgia 11 62,550 45.03 - 76,356 54.97 11 - - - -13,806 -9.94 138,906 GA Illinois 21 241,936 56.27 21 184,884 43.00 - 3,151 0.73 - 57,052 13.27 429,971 IL Indiana 15 186,147 53.00 15 163,632 46.59 - 1,417 0.40 - 22,515 6.41 351,196 IN Iowa 11 131,566 60.81 11 81,636 37.73 - 2,221 1.03 - 49,930 23.08 216,365 IA Kansas 5 66,805 66.46 5 32,970 32.80 - 156 0.16 - 33,835 33.66 100,512 KS Kentucky 12 88,766 46.44 - 99,995 52.32 12 2,374 1.24 - -11,229 -5.87 191,135 KY Louisiana 8 71,663 55.69 0 57,029 44.31 - - - - 14,634 11.37 128,692 LA Maine 7 61,426 67.86 7 29,097 32.14 - - - - 32,329 35.71 90,523 ME Maryland 8 66,760 49.66 - 67,687 50.34 8 - - - -927 -0.69 134,447 MD Massachusetts 13 133,455 69.20 13 59,195 30.69 - - - - 74,260 38.50 192,864 MA Michigan 11 138,758 62.66 11 78,551 35.47 - 2,875 1.30 - 60,207 27.19 221,455 MI Minnesota 5 55,708 61.27 5 35,211 38.73 - - - - 20,497 22.54 90,919 MN Mississippi 8 82,175 63.48 8 47,282 36.52 - - - - 34,893 26.95 129,457 MS Missouri 15 119,196 43.65 - 151,434 55.46 15 2,429 0.89 - -32,238 -11.81 273,059 MO Nebraska 3 18,329 70.68 3 7,603 29.32 - - - - 10,726 41.36 25,932 NE Nevada 3 8,413 57.43 3 6,236 42.57 - - - - 2,177 14.86 14,649 NV New Hampshire 5 37,168 53.94 5 31,425 45.61 - - - - 5,743 8.33 68,906 NH New Jersey 9 91,656 54.52 9 76,456 45.48 - - - - 15,200 9.04 168,112 NJ New York 35 440,738 53.23 35 387,282 46.77 - - - - 53,456 6.46 828,020 NY North Carolina 10 94,772 57.38 10 70,130 42.46 - 261 0.16 - 24,642 14.92 165,163 NC Ohio 22 281,852 53.24 22 244,321 46.15 - 1,163 0.22 - 37,531 7.09 529,436 OH Oregon 3 11,818 58.66 3 7,742 38.43 - 587 2.91 - 4,076 20.23 20,147 OR Pennsylvania 29 349,589 62.07 29 212,041 37.65 - - - - 137,548 24.42 563,262 PA Rhode Island 4 13,665 71.94 4 5,329 28.06 - - - - 8,336 43.89 18,994 RI South Carolina 7 72,290 75.73 7 22,699 23.78 - 204 0.21 - 49,591 51.95 95,452 SC Tennessee 12 85,655 47.84 - 93,391 52.16 12 - - - -7,736 -4.32 179,046 TN Texas 8 47,468 40.71 - 66,546 57.07 8 2,580 2.21 - -19,078 -16.36 116,594 TX Vermont 5 41,480 78.29 5 10,926 20.62 - 553 1.04 - 30,554 57.67 52,980 VT Virginia 11 93,463 50.47 11 91,647 49.49 - 85 0.05 - 1,816 0.98 185,195 VA West Virginia 5 32,320 51.74 5 29,532 47.28 - 615 0.98 - 2,788 4.46 62,467 WV Wisconsin 10 104,994 54.60 10 86,477 44.97 - 834 0.43 - 18,517 9.16 192,305 WI TOTALS: 366 3,597,439 55.58 286 2,833,710 43.78 66 23,054 0.36 - 763,729 11.80 6,471,983 US States that flipped from Democratic to Republican Delaware Louisiana New Jersey New York Oregon States that flipped from Republican to Democratic Missouri Tennessee Close states Red font color denotes states won by Republican Ulysses S. Grant; pink denotes those won by Democrat/Liberal Republican Horace Greeley. States where the margin of victory was under 1% (19 electoral votes) Maryland 0.69% (927 votes) Virginia 0.98% (1,816 votes) Margin of victory between 1% and 5% (32 electoral votes) Delaware 4.23% (924 votes) Tennessee 4.32% (7,736 votes) Arkansas 4.35% (3,446 votes) West Virginia 4.46% (2,788 votes) Connecticut 4.81% (4,619 votes) Margin of victory between 5% and 10% (133 electoral votes): Kentucky 5.87% (11,229 votes) Alabama 6.38% (10,828 votes) Indiana 6.41% (22,515 votes) New York 6.46% (53,456 votes) Florida 7.04% (2,336 votes) Ohio 7.09% (37,531 votes) (tipping point state with rejection of electors in Arkansas and Louisiana) New Hampshire 8.33% (5,743 votes) (tipping point state if electors of Arkansas and Louisiana were not rejected) New Jersey 9.04% (15,200 votes) Wisconsin 9.16% (18,517 votes) Georgia 9.94% (13,806 votes) Breakdown by ticket (a) Ulysses S. Grant Henry Wilson 286 Thomas Andrews Hendricks Benjamin Gratz Brown 41 .. 42 Benjamin Gratz Brown Alfred Holt Colquitt 5 Benjamin Gratz Brown George Washington Julian 4 .. 5 Benjamin Gratz Brown Thomas E. Bramlette 3 Horace Greeley Benjamin Gratz Brown 3 (b) Benjamin Gratz Brown John McAuley Palmer 2 .. 3 Charles J. Jenkins Benjamin Gratz Brown 2 Benjamin Gratz Brown Nathaniel Prentiss Banks 1 Benjamin Gratz Brown Willis Benson Machen 1 Benjamin Gratz Brown William Slocum Groesbeck 0 .. 1 David Davis Benjamin Gratz Brown 0 .. 1 David Davis William Slocum Groesbeck 0 .. 1 David Davis George Washington Julian 0 .. 1 David Davis John McAuley Palmer 0 .. 1 Thomas Andrews Hendricks William Slocum Groesbeck 0 .. 1 Thomas Andrews Hendricks George Washington Julian 0 .. 1 Thomas Andrews Hendricks John McAuley Palmer 0 .. 1 (a) The used sources had insufficient data to determine the pairings of 4 electoral votes in Missouri; therefore, the possible tickets are listed with the minimum and maximum possible number of electoral votes each. (b) Brown's vice-presidential votes were counted, but the presidential votes for Horace Greeley were rejected since he was ineligible for the office of President due to his death. Demise of the Liberal Republicans Though the national party organization disappeared after 1872, several Liberal Republican members continued to serve in Congress after the 1872 elections. Most Liberal Republican Congressmen eventually joined the Democratic Party. Outside of the South, some Liberal Republicans sought the creation of a new party opposed to Republicans, but Democrats were unwilling to abandon their old party affiliation and even relatively successful efforts like Wisconsin's Reform Party collapsed. The especially strong Missouri Liberal Republican Party collapsed as the Democrats re-established themselves as the major opposition party to the Republicans. In the following years, former Liberal Republicans became members in good standing of both major parties.Ross, pp. 192–239 See also 1872–73 United States Senate elections 1872–73 United States House of Representatives elections American election campaigns in the 19th century History of the United States (1865–1918) Presidency of Ulysses S. Grant Reconstruction era Second inauguration of Ulysses S. Grant Third Party System Notes References Works cited Abramson Paul Aldrich John Rohde David Change and Continuity in the 1992 Elections CQ Press 1995 0871878399 Further reading Donald, David Herbert. Charles Sumner and the Rights of Man (1970). Downey, Matthew T. "Horace Greeley and the Politicians: The Liberal Republican Convention in 1872," The Journal of American History, Vol. 53, No. 4. (Mar. 1967), pp. 727–750. 1893989 Dunning William Archibald William Archibald Dunning ch. 12 Reconstruction: Political & Economic, 1865–1877 1905 online edition Gerber, Richard Allan. "The Liberal Republicans of 1872 in historiographical perspective." Journal of American History 62.1 (1975): 40–73. online Lunde, Erik S. "The Ambiguity of the National Idea: the Presidential Campaign of 1872" Canadian Review of Studies in Nationalism 1978 5(1): 1–23. 0317-7904. McPherson, James M. "Grant or Greeley? The Abolitionist Dilemma in the Election of 1872" American Historical Review 1965 71(1): 43–61. 1863035 Prymak, Andrew. "The 1868 and 1872 Elections," in Edward O. Frantz, ed. A Companion to the Reconstruction Presidents 1865–1881 (Wiley Blackwell Companions to American History) (2014) pp. 235–56 online Republican Campaign Clubs, Horace Greeley Unmasked. New York: Republican Campaign Clubs, 1872. —Campaign pamphlet. Rhodes, James Ford. History of the United States from the Compromise of 1850 to the McKinley-Bryan Campaign of 1896. Volume: 7 ch 39–40. (1920) Ross Earle Dudley The Liberal Republican Movement https://books.google.com/books?id=ZX2q-h-xYFcC&pg=PA202 1910 H. Holt 202– Slap, Andrew L. The Doom of Reconstruction: The Liberal Republicans in the Civil War Era (2006) online Strauss, Dafnah. "Ideological closure in newspaper political language during the US 1872 election campaign." Journal of Historical Pragmatics 15.2 (2014): 255–291. 10.1075/jhp.15.2.06str online Summers, Mark Wahlgren. The Press Gang: Newspapers and Politics, 1865–1878 (1994) ch 15 Summers, Mark Wahlgren. The Era of Good Stealings (1993), covers corruption 1868–1877 Van Deusen Glyndon G. Horace Greeley, Nineteenth-Century Crusader 1953 https://www.questia.com/read/98259668?title=Horace%20Greeley%2c%20Nineteenth-Century%20Crusader https://web.archive.org/web/20090909102257/https://www.questia.com/read/98259668?title=Horace%20Greeley%2c%20Nineteenth-Century%20Crusader September 9, 2009 Questia dead subscription Primary sources American Annual Cyclopedia...for 1872 (1873), comprehensive collection of facts online edition Blaine James G. James G. Blaine Twenty Years of Congress 1885 vol. 2 520–31 online edition Chester, Edward W A guide to political platforms (1977) online Porter, Kirk H. and Donald Bruce Johnson, eds. National party platforms, 1840–1964 (1965) online 1840–1956 External links Presidential Election of 1872: A Resource Guide from the Library of Congress 1872 popular vote by counties Election of 1872 in Counting the Votes https://web.archive.org/web/20171007121549/http://www.countingthevotes.com/1872/ October 7, 2017 Category:Presidency of Ulysses S. Grant Category:Ulysses S. Grant Category:Henry Wilson Category:November 1872 in the United States