1930s Polish Andean expeditions

Two expeditions of mountain climbers thumb|In the foreground from left to right: slopes of Mercedario, Pico Polaco, La Mesa. In the background, from left to right, Cerro Ramada and the faintly visible peak of Alma Negra Polish Andean expeditions of the 1930s refers to the two expeditions of Polish mountain climbers in the Andes carried out in the 1930s.Kaliszuk Przemysław 2020 "Wyprawa egzotyczna o charakterze odkrywczym" albo "wyniosła pielgrzymka". Andyjskie szczyty, polski alpinizm i opowieści o eksploracji gór w I połowie XX wieku https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=1012180 Wielogłos Polish 46 87–113 10.4467/2084395XWI.20.031.13423 239755562 1897-1962 free Marek Aneta 2016 Andy jako rejon eksploracji górskiej Polaków do 1989 r. https://spg.apsl.edu.pl/baza/wydawn/spg13/marek.pdf Słupskie Prace Geograficzne pl 13 83–104 https://web.archive.org/web/20230616174507/https://spg.apsl.edu.pl/baza/wydawn/spg13/marek.pdf 16 June 2023Polska eksploracja Andów w okresie międzywojennym. Paulina Wierzbicka 8academy https://8a.pl/8academy/polska-eksploracja-andow/ 2023-08-21 8a.pl 4 March 2017 The First Polish Andean Expedition of 1933-34 was led by Konstanty Narkiewicz-Jodka. Its achievements included several first ascents of six-thousanders - first ascent of Mercedario and Cerro Ramada, ascents to La Mesa, Alma Negra, and the discovery of Pico Polaco (6050 m), as well as ascents to five-thousanders - including Cerro Negro (5550 m) and exploration of the Aconcagua region; the latter involved pioneering a new climbing route. The Second Polish Andean Expedition of 1936-37 was led by Justyn Wojsznis pl Justyn Wojsznis. Its achievements included the first ascents of Ojos del Salado and Nevado Pissis. Both expeditions have been credited with gathering scientific data and have led to a number of literary works being produced (such as autobiographical memoirs). First Polish Andean Expedition The First Polish Andean Expedition of 1933–1934 to the Argentinian region of the Cordillera de la Ramada was also the first Polish organized mountaineering and research expedition (Poland regained independence in 1918 in the aftermath of the First World War). The expedition gained worldwide fame. thumb|Konstanty Jodko-Narkiewicz, leader of the first expedition, in 1936 Expeditions members included: Konstanty Narkiewicz-Jodko (physicist and leader of the expedition), Stefan Daszyński pl Stefan Daszyński (engineer and geologist), Jan Kazimierz Dorawski pl Jan Kazimierz Dorawski (medical doctor), Adam Karpiński pl Adam Karpiński (aircraft designer), Stefan Osiecki (architect and painter) and Wiktor Ostrowski pl Wiktor Ostrowski (an engineer). During the expedition, the participants climbed the following peaks (chronologically): January 3, 1934: Trabante I (4860 m above sea level; Dorawski and Karpiński) January 9.: Trabante II (5300 m above sea level; Narkiewicz-Jodko and Ostrowski) January 16: Pilar Grande (6000 m above sea level; Karpiński) January 18: Mercedario (6720 m above sea level; Karpiński, Ostrowski, Daszyński and Osiecki - it was the first ascent of this peak in history) January 26: Cerro Wanda (5271 m above sea level; Karpiński and Dorawski - a then-unknown peak, named by Polish explorers, also known in English as "Wanda Peak"Wanda Peak (Cerro Wanda) : Climbing, Hiking & Mountaineering : SummitPost https://www.summitpost.org/wanda-peak-cerro-wanda/698949 2023-08-23 www.summitpost.org) January 27: Cerro Negro (5550 m above sea level; Dorawski, Karpiński, Ostrowski) February 9: Alma Negra (6110 m above sea level; Dorawski and Ostrowski) February 10: La Mesa (6150 m above sea level; Dorawski and Ostrowski) c. February 10: Cerro Ramada (6410 m above sea level; Narkiewicz-Jodko – first ascent) March 8: Aconcagua (6960 m above sea level - the highest peak of the Andes, South America and all of America; Ostrowski, Daszyński, Osiecki, Narkiewicz-Jodko; new eastern road; the so-called "Polish Route" or "Ruta de los Polacos" near the Polish Glacier).Biografía de Víctor Ostrowski https://www.culturademontania.org.ar/Historia/biografia-victor_ostrowski.htm 2023-08-23 Centro Cultural Argentino de Montaña es Other successes of the expedition include the discovery of a six-thousander, called Cerro N by Polish explorers, but not conquered until 1958.https://books.google.com/books?id=JG0TAAAAIAAJ&q=Beorchia+Yacante The American Alpine Journal 1962 American Alpine Club 443 en or 1962 (the first ascent was done by an expedition from Argentina; the Argentine geographers changed the name to Pico Polaco to honor the Polish first attempt). Similarly, in honor of the Polish explorers, the glaciers flowing down from Mercedario later received the names: Glacier Ostrowski and Glacier Karpiński (Glaciar Karpiński and Glaciar Ostrowski ).Urbański Edmund Stefan https://books.google.com/books?id=n8YSAQAAIAAJ&q=%22Glacier+Karpi%C5%84ski%22 Sylwetki polskie w Ameryce Łacińskiej w XIX - XX wieku 1991 Artex Publishing, Incorporated 978-0-901430-46-5 57 pl The expedition was also of scientific importance, in terms of geographical and geological exploration (including fields of tectonics and stratigraphy, paleontology and petrography), as well as meteorological observations. Dorawski's medical observations on the functioning of the human body in mountain conditions were also useful for the field of medicine. Second Polish Andean Expedition The Second Polish Andean Expedition of 1936–1937, led by journalist and writer Justyn Wojsznis pl Justyn Wojsznis, took place in the Ojos del Salado region, on the Northern section of the border between Argentina and Chile. The participants of the expedition included, apart from Wojsznis: Stefan Osiecki (participant of the prior expedition), Witold Paryski pl Witold Paryski (environmental activist) and Jan Alfred Szczepański (journalist). During the expedition, the participants climbed the following peaks (chronologically): January 18, 1937: Cerro de Los Patos (6,280 m above sea level; summit climbed by all participants) February 4: Cerro del Nacimiento (Paryski reached the 6,330m south-west peak and Wojsznis the 6,493m north-west peak; the next day, Wojsznis also reached the 6,490m north-east peak) February 7: Nevado Pissis (5950 m above sea level; Osiecki and Szczepański, first ascent;Hartemann Frederic https://books.google.com/books?id=ifs2AgAAQBAJ&q=Osiecki+Szczepanski+pissis&pg=PA141 The Mountain Encyclopedia: An A to Z Compendium of Over 2,250 Terms, Concepts, Ideas, and People Hauptman Robert 2005-06-15 Taylor Trade Publishing 978-1-4617-0331-0 141 en discovery of the mountain lake Laguna Negra) same day: Cerro Sosa (approx. 5000 m above sea level; Wojsznis and Paryski) same day: Volcán del Viento (6010 m above sea level; Wojsznis) February 24: Nevado Tres Cruces (6620 m above sea level; Osiecki and Paryski - climbers first reached the middle summit; two days later Paryski reached the southern summit alone) February 26: Ojos del Salado (6870 m above sea level; Szczepański and Wojsznis - first ascent of this peakhttps://books.google.com/books?id=p7IYAQAAMAAJ&q=pierwsze+wej%C5%9Bcie+na+Ojos+del+Salado+1937 Wierchy 1988 Nakładem Pol. Towarzystwa Tatrzańskiego w Krakowie 978-83-85550-16-7 451 pl) March 11: Volcan de Copiapo (6052 m above sea level; Paryski and Szczepański) Similar to the first expedition, the participants carried out a number of scientific studies, including a topographical sketch of an area of approximately 3,000 km2. Paryski's medical observations, as well as Dorawski's observations from previous years, contributed to the enrichment of knowledge about climbers' acclimatization and altitude sickness. Some of the materials were however lost during World War II.Der Ojos del Salado in der Atacama: Forschungsgeschichte und aktuelle Probleme im trockensten Hochgebirge der Erde Marcus Nüsser Juliane Dame https://www.sai.uni-heidelberg.de/geo/pdfs/Nuesser_Dame_2015_Ojos%20del%20Salado_HGG-Journal.pdf 29 2015 Heidelberger Geographische Gesellschaft de Universität Heidelberg The successes of Poles were extensively described in the Argentine and Chilean press; a number of meetings were organized, including in Buenos Aires, La Plata, Montevideo and Santiago. A film shot during the expedition was also shown. Legacy The activity of the Polish explorers in the region before World War II paved way to numerous subsequent expeditions after the war, during the times of Polish People's Republic and more recent.Paulo Andrzej Gałaś Andrzej 2011 Polska Wyprawa Naukowa do Peru https://geojournals.pgi.gov.pl/pg/article/view/30107 Przegląd Geologiczny en-US 59 1 58–68 + okładka + 92 0033-2151 In popular culture Another effect of these expeditions was the creation of a collection of mostly Polish-language texts presenting the achievements of Polish climbers. Articles, as well as books, were published by participants of expeditions many years after their end. These publications took place both in specialist circles, e.g. in Polish mountaineering magazines such as Wierchy pl Wierchy and Taternik Taternik pl Taternik (czasopismo) (as well as in foreign languages, including English-language The Geographical JournalDaszynski S. W. 1934 A Polish Expedition to the High Andes https://www.jstor.org/stable/1785755 The Geographical Journal 84 3 215–223 10.2307/1785755 1785755 0016-7398 subscription ), and in forms more widely accessible to the public - such as through several autobiographical memoirs or narratives of expeditions, published by various Polish publishing houses (starting with books by Narkiewicz-Jodka, W walce o szczyty Andów, 1935; and Ostrowski's Na szczytach Kordyljerów. Wspomnienia z polskiej wyprawy naukowo-alpinistycznej w Kordyllera de los Andes from the same year, followed by Szczepański's Wyprawa do księżycowej ziemi, 1954; Paryski's W górach Atakamy, 1957; another book by Ostrowski, Wyżej niż kondory, 1959, and finally and Dorawski's Pierwsza wyprawa w Andy, 1961). References Category:Mountaineering expeditions Category:1930s in Chile Category:1930s in Argentina Category:1930s in Poland Category:Andes