1471 conclave

Election of Catholic Pope Sixtus IV August 1471 6–9 August 1471 Apostolic Palace, Papal States Basilios Bessarion Jean Rolin Roderic de Borja Francesco della Rovere Sixtus IV Pedro Berruguete - Portrait of Pope Sixtus IV della Rovere - 1916.815 - Cleveland Museum of ArtFXD (3x4 cropped).jpg 1464 1464 conclave 1484 1484 conclave The 1471 papal conclave (6–9 August) elected Pope Sixtus IV following the death of Pope Paul II. With the exception of the conclaves of the Western Schism, this conclave was the first since 1305 to feature a working, two-thirds majority of Italians within the College of Cardinals, in no small part because of the absence of six non-Italian cardinals.Burkle-Young, Francis A. 1998. "The election of Pope Sixtus IV (1471)". This was in part due to the unexpectedness of the death of Paul II.Trollope, Thomas Adolphus. 1876. The papal conclaves, as they were and as they are. p. 156. The election The two main factions were those of d'Estouteville and Orsini, the latter of whom secured a major pre-conclave victory in managing to persuade the rest of the College to exclude the cardinals created by Paul II in pectore, in explicit defiance of the last will and testament of the previous pontiff. Such creatures would be allowed to participate, for example, in the papal conclave, 1492. Paul II had created at least eight cardinals in secret, at least five of whom were alive at the time of the conclave: Pedro Ferriz, Pietro Foscari, Giovanni Battista Savelli, Ferry de Clugny, and Jan Vitez. A conclave capitulation was drawn up at the beginning of the conclave, but unusually it contained no explicit limitations on papal power, except to continue the Crusading war against the Turks. The aforementioned factions can more specifically be referred to as the "Pieschi" (primarily the creations of Pius II) and the "Paoleschi" (primarily the creations of Paul II). As in the immediately previous conclaves, Bessarion emerged as an early favorite, with six votes on the second day, those of: d'Estouteville, Calandrini, Capranica, Ammanati-Piccolomini, Caraffa, and Barbo; d'Estouteville trailed with the votes of Bessarion, Gonzaga, and Monferrato as did Forteguerri with the votes of Orsini, Eruli, and Agnifilo; Orsini got nods from della Rovere and Michiel; Roverella from Borgia and Zeno; Eruli from Forteguerri; and Calandrini from Roverella. The old arguments against Bessarion, namely that he was a non-Italian, who in addition would be unacceptable to the princes of France, again prevailed.Creighton, Mandell. 1887. A history of the papacy during the period of the Reformation. p. 56. The voting tallies are known with specificity because of the notes of Nicodemo de Pontremoli, sent to Duke of Milan Galeazzo Maria Sforza, currently residing in the State Archives of Milan. Notable favorites in the ensuing scrutinies are (chronologically): Calandrini, Forteguerri, and Roverella. Of the favored candidates of Sforza, della Rovere was the most electable, so Gonzaga and Borja lobbied for him behind the scenes, all the while disguising their intentions by voting for others until the morning of August 9, when along with d'Estouteville and Barbo they changed their votes to della Rovere in the accessus, giving him a total of 13 votes. The cardinals voting for della Rovere in the scrutiny were: Monferrato, Zeno, Michiel, Agnifilo, Roverella, Forteguerri, Bessarion, Calandrini, and Orsini. Contrary to the perennial tradition, the five remaining cardinals did not change their votes to della Rovere in the accessus to make the election "unanimous". Cardinal electors Elector Nationality Order Title Elevated Elevator NotesBasilios BessarionGreekCardinal-bishopBishop of Sabina18 December 1439Eugenius IVDean of the College of Cardinals; Latin Patriarch of Constantinople; archbishop of Nicea and TebeGuillaume d'Estouteville, O.S.B.Clun.FrenchCardinal-bishopBishop of Ostia e Velletri18 December 1439Eugenius IVArchbishop of Rouen and Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne; archpriest of the Liberian BasilicaLatino OrsiniRomanCardinal-bishopBishop of Frascati20 December 1448Nicholas VAdministrator of the sees of Bari and Polignano; archpriest of Lateran BasilicaFilippo CalandriniLigurianCardinal-bishopBishop of Albano20 December 1448Nicholas VCardinal-nephew; bishop of Bologna; grand penitentiary; camerlengo of the Sacred College of CardinalsAngelo CapranicaRomanCardinal-priestTitle of S. Croce in Gerusalemme5 March 1460Pius IIBerardo EroliUmbrianCardinal-priestTitle of S. Sabina 5 March 1460Pius IIBishop of SpoletoNiccolò FortiguerraTuscanCardinal-priestTitle of S. Cecilia5 March 1460Pius IIBishop of TeanoBartolomeo RoverellaAdria, Republic of VeniceCardinal-priestTitle of S. Clemente18 December 1461Pius IIArchbishop of RavennaJacopo Piccolomini-AmmannatiTuscanCardinal-priestTitle of S. Crisogono18 December 1461Pius IIBishop of Pavia; arrived on August 7Oliviero CarafaNeapolitanCardinal-priestTitle of S. Eusebio18 September 1467Paul IIArchbishop of NaplesAmico AgnifiloAbruzzeseCardinal-priestTitle of S. Maria in Trastevere18 September 1467Paul IIBishop of AquilaMarco BarboVenetianCardinal-priestTitle of S. Marco18 September 1467Paul IICardinal-nephew, patriarch of AquileiaFrancesco della Rovere, O.F.M.Conv.LigurianCardinal-priestTitle of S. Pietro in Vincoli18 September 1467Paul IIElected Pope Sixtus IVRodrigo BorjaCatalanCardinal-deaconDeaconry of S. Nicola in Carcere Tulliano20 February 1456Callixtus IIIFuture Pope Alexander VI; cardinal-nephew; administrator of Valencia; vicechancellor of the Holy Roman Church; protodeaconFrancesco GonzagaMantuanCardinal-deaconDeaconry of S. Maria Nuova18 December 1461Pius IIAdministrator of the sees of Mantua and BrixenTeodoro Paleologo di MonteferratoMonteferratoCardinal-deaconDeaconry of S. Teodoro18 December 1461Pius IIGiovanni Battista ZenoVenetianCardinal-deaconDeaconry of S. Maria in Portico21 November 1468Paul IICardinal-nephew; bishop of Vicenza; archpriest of the Vatican BasilicaGiovanni MichielVenetianCardinal-deaconDeaconry of S. Angelo in Pescheria21 November 1468Paul IICardinal-nephew; bishop of Verona Absentee cardinals Elector Nationality Order Title Elevated Elevator NotesAlain de CoëtivyFrenchCardinal-bishopBishop of Palestrina20 December 1448Nicholas VBishop of Avignon and Dol-de-BretagneJean RolinFrenchCardinal-priestTitle of S. Stefano al Monte Celio20 December 1448Nicholas VBishop of Autun; protopriestLuis Juan del MilàCatalanCardinal-priestTitle of Ss. IV Coronati20 February 1456Callixtus IIICardinal-nephew; bishop of LéridaJean Jouffroy, O.S.B.Clun.FrenchCardinal-priestTitle of Ss. Silvestro e Martino 18 December 1461Pius IIBishop of AlbiThomas BourchierEnglishCardinal-priestTitle of S. Ciriaco 18 September 1467Paul IIArchbishop of CanterburyJean BalueFrenchCardinal-priestTitle of S. Susanna18 September 1467Paul IIBishop of AngersFrancesco Todeschini-PiccolominiSieneseCardinal-deaconDeacon of S. Eustachio5 March 1460Pius IIFuture Pope Pius III, administrator of the see of Siena, papal legate in Germany References collapsed Catholicism Christianity Vatican City y Biblical Studies/Christianity/Roman Catholicism/History y Category:Papal conclave y Category:Roman Catholic Church y Category:Popes y Category:Popes y Category:Christian History y Pope y 1471 Category:15th-century elections Category:1471 in Europe Category:15th century in Catholicism